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下列哪些属于肠外营养本身引起的并发症
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
参与生物转化的辅酶有
Text2LastyearAmerica’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyDARPAthoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoorganizearobotraceacrosstheNevadadesert.TheideaoftheGrandChallengeasDARPAdubbeditwasforautonomousrobotvehiclestosteera227km142-milecourseandclaima$1mjackpot.ThiswouldbeafirststeptowardsDARPA’sultimategoalofbeingabletobuildunmannedself-drivingmilitaryvehiclesandthuskeepAmericantroopsoutofharm’swayonthebattlefield.Thisyear’scropof23entrantswereofferedanevengreaterincentive--a$2mprizeforthewinner.Thatplustheintervening18monthsseemstohavedonethetrick.Thistimefivevehiclesfinishedthe211kincourse.ThewinneramodifiedVolkswagenTouaregdubbedStanleybyitsmakersateamfromStanfordUniversitydiditinameresixhoursand54minutes.StanleywasofcoursespeciallyhardenedbyitsdesignersfortheroughterrainoftheNevadadesert.Thecleverbithoweverwasthevehicle’sbrain.ThiswasdesignedandbuiltbytheStanfordArtificialIntelligenceLaboratorySAIL.Stanley’sbrainconsistsofsixtop-of-the-rangePentiumchipswiredcollaborativelytogether.Itisprogrammedwithspecialsoftwarethatisabletolearnfromitsmistakes.Thissoftwaremasteredthetricksofcollision-avoidanceinaseriesofdeserttestruns’conductedbeforetheracestarted.LikeallbrainsStanley’shasarangeofsensoryinputstoprocess.AglobalpositioningsystemGPSreceivertellsitwhereontheEarth’ssurfaceitis.Televisioncamerasradarandfourlaserbaseddistancemonitorstellitwhatitssurroundingsarelike.BycomparingitsGPSlocationwithitspre-programmeddestinationannouncedonlyafewhoursbeforetheracebeganitknewwhichwayitwantedtogo.Andbystudyingitssurroundingsitcouldworkoutwhatlookedlikethesafestroutethatwasalsoinapproximatelytherightdirection.AlthoughStanleycarriedoffthelaurelstheotherfourfinishersdidrespectably.SandstormmanagedatimejusttenminutesbehindthewinnerwhilehersistervehicleHighlandercameintenminutesafterthat.GrayBotandTerraMaxtheothertwocourse-completerscameinatsevenhours30minutesand12hours51minutesrespectively.Sosmartautonomousvehiclescanindeedfindtheirwayacrossseveralhundredkilometresofdesert.ThequestioniswhatnextDARPA’sanswerofcoursewillbetogodownthemilitaryroute.ButthissortoftechnologyhasobviouscivilianapplicationsaswellasSebastianThruntheheadofbothSAILandtheStanfordracingteamiskeentoemphasize.DrThrunthinksthatitcouldleadtoself-drivingroadvehicleswithin30yearsand--moreimmediately-togreatlyimprovedcollision-avoidancesystems.WhetherthefreewaysofCaliforniawillproveaseasytonavigateasthegulchesofNevadathoughremainstobeseen. Fromthetextwecanconcludethattherobotrace
Text2LastyearAmerica’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyDARPAthoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoorganizearobotraceacrosstheNevadadesert.TheideaoftheGrandChallengeasDARPAdubbeditwasforautonomousrobotvehiclestosteera227km142-milecourseandclaima$1mjackpot.ThiswouldbeafirststeptowardsDARPA’sultimategoalofbeingabletobuildunmannedself-drivingmilitaryvehiclesandthuskeepAmericantroopsoutofharm’swayonthebattlefield.Thisyear’scropof23entrantswereofferedanevengreaterincentive--a$2mprizeforthewinner.Thatplustheintervening18monthsseemstohavedonethetrick.Thistimefivevehiclesfinishedthe211kincourse.ThewinneramodifiedVolkswagenTouaregdubbedStanleybyitsmakersateamfromStanfordUniversitydiditinameresixhoursand54minutes.StanleywasofcoursespeciallyhardenedbyitsdesignersfortheroughterrainoftheNevadadesert.Thecleverbithoweverwasthevehicle’sbrain.ThiswasdesignedandbuiltbytheStanfordArtificialIntelligenceLaboratorySAIL.Stanley’sbrainconsistsofsixtop-of-the-rangePentiumchipswiredcollaborativelytogether.Itisprogrammedwithspecialsoftwarethatisabletolearnfromitsmistakes.Thissoftwaremasteredthetricksofcollision-avoidanceinaseriesofdeserttestruns’conductedbeforetheracestarted.LikeallbrainsStanley’shasarangeofsensoryinputstoprocess.AglobalpositioningsystemGPSreceivertellsitwhereontheEarth’ssurfaceitis.Televisioncamerasradarandfourlaserbaseddistancemonitorstellitwhatitssurroundingsarelike.BycomparingitsGPSlocationwithitspre-programmeddestinationannouncedonlyafewhoursbeforetheracebeganitknewwhichwayitwantedtogo.Andbystudyingitssurroundingsitcouldworkoutwhatlookedlikethesafestroutethatwasalsoinapproximatelytherightdirection.AlthoughStanleycarriedoffthelaurelstheotherfourfinishersdidrespectably.SandstormmanagedatimejusttenminutesbehindthewinnerwhilehersistervehicleHighlandercameintenminutesafterthat.GrayBotandTerraMaxtheothertwocourse-completerscameinatsevenhours30minutesand12hours51minutesrespectively.Sosmartautonomousvehiclescanindeedfindtheirwayacrossseveralhundredkilometresofdesert.ThequestioniswhatnextDARPA’sanswerofcoursewillbetogodownthemilitaryroute.ButthissortoftechnologyhasobviouscivilianapplicationsaswellasSebastianThruntheheadofbothSAILandtheStanfordracingteamiskeentoemphasize.DrThrunthinksthatitcouldleadtoself-drivingroadvehicleswithin30yearsand--moreimmediately-togreatlyimprovedcollision-avoidancesystems.WhetherthefreewaysofCaliforniawillproveaseasytonavigateasthegulchesofNevadathoughremainstobeseen. Stanleywontheracemostprobablybecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Policy-makersandthemediaparticularlyintheUnitedStatesfrequentlyassertthatclimatescienceishighlyuncertain.Somehaveusedthisasanargumentagainstadoptingstrongmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ForexamplewhilediscussingamajorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportontherisksofclimatechangethen-EPAadministratorChristineWhitmanargued"Asthereportwentthroughreviewtherewaslessconsensusonthescienceandconclusionsonclimatechange".Somecorporationswhoserevenuesmightheadverselyaffectedbycontrolsoncarbondioxideemissionshavealsoallegedmajoruncertaintiesinthescience.41.__________________.ThescientificconsensusisclearlyexpressedinthereportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.Createdin1988bytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeIPCC’spurposeistoevaluatethestateofclimatescienceasabasisforinformedpolicyactionprimarilyonthebasisofpeer-reviewedandpublishedscientificliterature.InitsmostrecentassessmentIPCCstatesunequivocallythattheconsensusofscientificopinionisthatEarth’sclimateisbeingaffectedbyhumanactivities:"Humanactivities...aremodifyingtheconcentrationofatmosphericconstituents...thatabsorborscatterradiantenergy....Mostoftheobservedwarmingoverthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrations".IPCCisnotaloneinitsconclusions.42.__________________.ForexampletheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportClimateChangeScience:AnAnalysisofSomeKeyQuestionsbegins:"GreenhousegasesareaccumulatinginEarth’satmosphereasaresultofhumanactivitiescausingsurfaceairtemperaturesandsubsurfaceoceantemperaturestorise".ThereportexplicitlyaskswhethertheIPCCassessmentisafairsummaryofprofessionalscientificthinkingandanswersyes.43.__________________.Othersagree.TheAmericanMeteorologicalSocietytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionandtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceAAASallhaveissuedstatementsinrecentyearsconcludingthattheevidenceforhumanmodificationofclimateiscompelling.Thedraftingofsuchreportsandstatementsinvolvesmanyopportunitiesforcommentcriticismandrevisionanditisnotlikelythattheywoulddivergegreatlyfromtheopinionsofthesocieties’members.Neverthelesstheymightdownplaylegitimatedissentingopinions.44.__________________.The928papersweredividedintosixcategories:explicitendorsementoftheconsensuspositionevaluationofimpactsmitigationproposalsmethodspaleoclimateanalysisandrejectionoftheconsensusposition.Ofallthepapers75%fellintothefirstthreecategorieseitherexplicitlyorimplicitlyacceptingtheconsensusview;25%dealtwithmethodsorpaleoclimatetakingnopositiononcurrentanthropogenicclimatechange.Remarkablynoneofthepapersdisagreedwiththeconsensusposition.45.__________________.Thisanalysisshowsthatscientistspublishinginthepeer-reviewedliteratureagreewithIPCCtheNationalAcademyofSciencesandthepublicstatementsoftheirprofessionalsocieties.Politicianseconomistsjournalistsandothersmayhavetheimpressionofconfusiondisagreementordiscordamongclimatescientistsbutthatimpressionisincorrect.[A]Manydetailsaboutclimateinteractionsarenotwellunderstoodandthereareamplegroundsforcontinuedresearchtoprovideabetterbasisforunderstandingclimatedynamics.[B]Suchstatementssuggestthattheremightbesubstantivedisagreementinthescientificcommunityabouttherealityofanthropogenicclimatechange.Thisisnotthecase.[C]InrecentyearsallmajorscientificbodiesintheUnitedStateswhosemembers’expertisebearsdirectlyonthematterhaveissuedsimilarstatements.[D]Admittedlyauthorsevaluatingimpactsdevelopingmethodsorstudyingpaleoclimaticchangemightbelievethatcurrentclimatechangeisnatural.Howevernoneofthesepapersarguedthatpoint.[E]Thathypothesiswastestedbyanalyzing928abstractspublishedinreferentscientificjournalsbetween1993and2003andlistedintheISIdatabasewiththekeywords"climatechange".[F]Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesanythingitishumilityandnoonecanbefaultedforfailingtoactonwhatisnotknown.[G]TheIPCC’sconclusionthatmostoftheobservedwarmingofthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrationsaccuratelyreflectsthecurrentthinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue. 42
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2LastyearAmerica’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyDARPAthoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoorganizearobotraceacrosstheNevadadesert.TheideaoftheGrandChallengeasDARPAdubbeditwasforautonomousrobotvehiclestosteera227km142-milecourseandclaima$1mjackpot.ThiswouldbeafirststeptowardsDARPA’sultimategoalofbeingabletobuildunmannedself-drivingmilitaryvehiclesandthuskeepAmericantroopsoutofharm’swayonthebattlefield.Thisyear’scropof23entrantswereofferedanevengreaterincentive--a$2mprizeforthewinner.Thatplustheintervening18monthsseemstohavedonethetrick.Thistimefivevehiclesfinishedthe211kincourse.ThewinneramodifiedVolkswagenTouaregdubbedStanleybyitsmakersateamfromStanfordUniversitydiditinameresixhoursand54minutes.StanleywasofcoursespeciallyhardenedbyitsdesignersfortheroughterrainoftheNevadadesert.Thecleverbithoweverwasthevehicle’sbrain.ThiswasdesignedandbuiltbytheStanfordArtificialIntelligenceLaboratorySAIL.Stanley’sbrainconsistsofsixtop-of-the-rangePentiumchipswiredcollaborativelytogether.Itisprogrammedwithspecialsoftwarethatisabletolearnfromitsmistakes.Thissoftwaremasteredthetricksofcollision-avoidanceinaseriesofdeserttestruns’conductedbeforetheracestarted.LikeallbrainsStanley’shasarangeofsensoryinputstoprocess.AglobalpositioningsystemGPSreceivertellsitwhereontheEarth’ssurfaceitis.Televisioncamerasradarandfourlaserbaseddistancemonitorstellitwhatitssurroundingsarelike.BycomparingitsGPSlocationwithitspre-programmeddestinationannouncedonlyafewhoursbeforetheracebeganitknewwhichwayitwantedtogo.Andbystudyingitssurroundingsitcouldworkoutwhatlookedlikethesafestroutethatwasalsoinapproximatelytherightdirection.AlthoughStanleycarriedoffthelaurelstheotherfourfinishersdidrespectably.SandstormmanagedatimejusttenminutesbehindthewinnerwhilehersistervehicleHighlandercameintenminutesafterthat.GrayBotandTerraMaxtheothertwocourse-completerscameinatsevenhours30minutesand12hours51minutesrespectively.Sosmartautonomousvehiclescanindeedfindtheirwayacrossseveralhundredkilometresofdesert.ThequestioniswhatnextDARPA’sanswerofcoursewillbetogodownthemilitaryroute.ButthissortoftechnologyhasobviouscivilianapplicationsaswellasSebastianThruntheheadofbothSAILandtheStanfordracingteamiskeentoemphasize.DrThrunthinksthatitcouldleadtoself-drivingroadvehicleswithin30yearsand--moreimmediately-togreatlyimprovedcollision-avoidancesystems.WhetherthefreewaysofCaliforniawillproveaseasytonavigateasthegulchesofNevadathoughremainstobeseen. Thepurposeofholdingarobotraceisto
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreetinvestmentbankerstounderwritethecompany’smassiveinitialpublicofferingtheylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsavetheusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake--anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering--wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerulesOfcoursenot.JustaskGoldmanSachs.TowinachunkoftheGooglebusinessGoldmanthenation’spremierinvestmentbanksetfreeitsCEOHankPaulsontopullsomestrings.PaulsonisoneofWallStreet’sbest"callmen"whocanwaveaPalmPDAfullofconnectionswhenit’scrunchtimetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestorsKleinerPerkinsthepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspotwhichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerroneofKleiner’stoppartners.Badmove.WhenwordofPaulson’smisstepgotbacktoGoogle’stopexecutivesGoldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthetopoftheshortlist."ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules"saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm."Whentheyheardaboutthistheywentape."Noneofthepartiesinvolved--GoogleGoldmanSachsorDoerr--wouldcomment.ThetwowinnersCSFBandMorganStanleymanagedtokeepalowprofile.JohnMackCSFB’sfamouslywell-connectedchiefexecutivepurposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfearthathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayerpeoplewithknowledgeofthemattersay.MeanwhilenewrulesforWallStreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeekerMorganStanley’stopInternetanalystfromplayingadirectroleeventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherforyears.Goldmanmeanwhilecan’tblameitslossjustonPaulson.PeopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedtoGoogleabouttheGoldmannameanddidn’tgenerateenoughideasabouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction."TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson"saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimesitreallydoespaytoplaybytherules. JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth
艾滋病的传播途径包括
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
下列哪些器官的梗死常为贫血性梗死
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
下列关于胰液分泌调节的叙述正确的包括
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.46SpeakingofthelovingwarmthoftheextendedfamilythepopularimageisofgrannybytheTVbabyplayinginthecribandtherestcheerfullyinteractingbetweenthetwogenerationalpoles.Traditionandeducationareeffortlesslypassedoninaclearlymarkedcomfortzone.Perfectforsecuritynottomentionfreebabysitting.Butwait.Studythemother’sface:exhaustedtenseunhappy.Sheisthepivotuponwhomthiscozyworldturns.47Sheisthe"supercarer"whospoonfeedsbabyandgrannybothmakessuretheyareentertainedandoutofdangerlooksaftertherestofthehouseholdandchancesareholdsdownapayingjob.Stuckbetweendemandingorweakgrandparentsandalwaysdemandingandvulnerablelittleonesthiswomanisnotsomuchsandwichedascrushedbetweengenerations.Itisnotsurprisingthenthatareportlastweekclaimedthat65percentofsupercarersweredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Ihadatasteoftheirexistencewhenatthebeginningoftheyearmy73-year-oldfathercametostay.48Hewassoillthathecouldn’twalkorevenrolloverinhisbedandwasasadhelplesspresenceasinneedofmyattentionasmykids.Shemeanwhiledidn’tenjoysharingherspaceandmytimewithsomeonewhocomplainedloudlyaboutthenoiseshemade.Runningbetweenthemconsciousthatallthis"caring"wastakingitstollIrememberthinkingthiswashellasmanypeople80percentofthemwomendailylivedit.IfyouarewellofflikeCherieBoothsaythefactthatyouareasupercarerBoothaQCwiththreechildrenintheirteensandtwentiesalsolooksafterhermotherandheryoungsonLeopresentsachallengebutisatleastachievable.Whatoftheothersthoughtheoneswhoearn￡8anhourcleaningsomeoneelse’shomeorsweepingahospitalward7Theyfindnolet-upathomebutcrampedlivingspaceinvadedbycryingbabiesandcoughingoldfolk.49Forthembeingasupercarermeansbeingasuperloserwithfarlessofwhateveryoneconsidersimportant:moneyprivacyqualitytimeforyourpartnerandchildren.Demographictrendsmeanthatmoreofusaredestinedtobesupercarers;therearenowabout2.5millionandthisisexpectedtoriseto3.9millionby2020That’salobbywithconsiderablebargainingpotential...Sofarsupercarershavenotflexedtheirmuscles.50Thegovernmentwouldbewisetoofferthemtaxbreakstheallowanceavailabletothoseassistingthedisabledandflexibleworkschedules.Otherwisesupercarerswillrebel.Oncetheydecidethattheveryoldastheveryyoungarenottheirresponsibilitywhowillthentakeuptheburden SpeakingofthelovingwarmthoftheextendedfamilythepopularimageisofgrannybytheTVbabyplayinginthecribandtherestcheerfullyinteractingbetweenthetwogenerationalpoles.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreetinvestmentbankerstounderwritethecompany’smassiveinitialpublicofferingtheylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsavetheusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake--anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering--wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerulesOfcoursenot.JustaskGoldmanSachs.TowinachunkoftheGooglebusinessGoldmanthenation’spremierinvestmentbanksetfreeitsCEOHankPaulsontopullsomestrings.PaulsonisoneofWallStreet’sbest"callmen"whocanwaveaPalmPDAfullofconnectionswhenit’scrunchtimetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestorsKleinerPerkinsthepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspotwhichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerroneofKleiner’stoppartners.Badmove.WhenwordofPaulson’smisstepgotbacktoGoogle’stopexecutivesGoldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthetopoftheshortlist."ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules"saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm."Whentheyheardaboutthistheywentape."Noneofthepartiesinvolved--GoogleGoldmanSachsorDoerr--wouldcomment.ThetwowinnersCSFBandMorganStanleymanagedtokeepalowprofile.JohnMackCSFB’sfamouslywell-connectedchiefexecutivepurposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfearthathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayerpeoplewithknowledgeofthemattersay.MeanwhilenewrulesforWallStreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeekerMorganStanley’stopInternetanalystfromplayingadirectroleeventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherforyears.Goldmanmeanwhilecan’tblameitslossjustonPaulson.PeopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedtoGoogleabouttheGoldmannameanddidn’tgenerateenoughideasabouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction."TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson"saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimesitreallydoespaytoplaybytherules. Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph
Text3Thekakapoiswidelyregardedastheworld’smostabsurdbird.Itisaflightlessnight-activeparrotthatlivesinNewZealand.Itisthusaprimeexampleofthesortofevolutionaryexperimentthathappensonislandsthatlackseriouspredators.Nowsadlythekakapopopulationhasbeenreducedtoafewdozenindividuals.Buteffortstopreservethespecieshaveledtoanothersortofexperiment--onethathasproducedthebestevidencesofarforasocalledsex-allocationtheory.BruceRobertsonoftheUniversityofCanterburyandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingamystery.Tokeepthekakapopopulationgoingconservationistshavebeenfeedingthebirds--inparticularthefemales--sothattheystayabovetheminimumweighttheyneedtobreed.Thatworkedsplendidlyasfarasitwent.Between1997and2005theadultpopulationrosefrom50to83.Butthesexratiowenthaywire.Those83birdsaredividedinto45malesand38females.Moreoverfemaleswereproducingtwiceasmanysonsasdaughters.Sinceanotherofthekakapo’speculiaritiesisitsbreedingsysteminwhichthemaleplaysnopartinraisingtheyoungthesurvivalprospectsofthespeciesarenotenhancedbythisbiasedsexratio.DrRobertsonsuspectedthatthesexratiowasnotanaccident.Inallspeciesthenumberofdescendantsleftbyindividualmalesismorevariablethanthenumberleftbyindividualfemales.Thatmeansyourdaughtersaremorelikelytohaveatleastsomechildrenthanyoursonsbutsuccessfulsonshavemanymorechildrenthansuccessfuldaughters.Inaspecieslikethekakapowherethemaleshavetodisplaytothefemalesinafashionshowandwhereonlytheshowiestmalesgetpickedtoreproduceitmakessensetohavesonsonlyiftheyarelikelytobethebestmalesaround.Otherwiseitisbettertohavedaughters.Andsoitseemstobewiththekakapo.Byprovisioningthebirdswithasmuchfoodastheycaneatfemaleshavebeenbroughttothepeakofcondition--theidealstatetoproducetop-classsons.Andtheyhavedonesoinabundance.TotestthecorrectnessofthisideaDrRobertsonandhisteamdevisedamoresophisticatedfeedingschedulethattookaccountofeachfemale’sstartingweightandfattenedheruptothepointatwhichshewascapableofreproducingbutnotmuchfurtherTheresultjustpublishedinBiologyLetterswasthatthesexratiosettleddownatamoresensible50:50.Thoughitdidnotactuallydroptofavordaughtersthatisstillanimpressiveagreementwiththeory.Itmightevensavethekakapofromextinction. BruceRobertsonandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingon
嘧啶核苷酸分解代谢产物有
Text4IBM’syear-old$2.5billioncomputer-chipplantinEastFishkillN.Y.isamanufacturingmarvel.Three-hundredrobotictoolssixmilesofnetworkingcableandmorecomputingpowerthanNASAusestolaunchthespaceshuttleallworktogethertoproducetensofmillionsofchipsayear--eachwithcircuitry800timesthinnerthanahumanhair.Notthatyou’llfindmuchhumanhairaroundtheplant.Otherchipplantsneedabout400employeesatalltimestooperatetheComplexmachinery.ButtodayatEastFishkill100engineerspershiftoverseeatotallyautomatedproductionline.Lastwinterwhenafiercesnowstormsenteveryonehomeearlythemachineshummedalongovernightwithoutanyproblem."TheproductivityincreasesforIBMareamazing"saysPerryHartswicktheseniorprogrammanagerattheplant.ProductivityimprovementslikethoseatIBMcanbeabooninahealthyeconomyhelpingtomakeAmericanbusinessmorecompetitiveabroadandkeepingalidoninflationasemployeesworkhardertomeetstrongdemandfortheirproducts.Buttoday’ssoaringproductivityishavingaharmfulsideeffect:it’sholdingbackjobgrowth.LastThursdaytheCommerceDepartmentreportedthatGDPgrewatanannualrateof2.4percent.Butunemploymentwashoveringatanuncomfortablyhigh6.2percentinJulyand44.000additionaljobswereaxedfrompayrollsmarkingthesixthmonthinarowtheeconomyhaslostjobs.Onefaultisthatseeminglyprofligatespending’onhightechduringthe’90sboom.Morethanthreeyearsafterthebustit’scontinuingtogenerateaproductivitypayoffinsidecompanies.Evenindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducationoncethoughttobelargelyimmunetoproductivityimprovementshavebeenrevolutionizedbydigitalmediaonlineresearchtoolscellphonesande-mail.Butthat’snottheonlyreasonfortheproblem.OverthelastthreeyearsAmericanmanufacturershaveshipped2.6millionjobstolow-WagecountrieslikeChina.Meanwhile.afloodofwhite-collarjobs--likecomputertechniciansandcustomerservicereps--havegonetocountrieswithwell-educatedworkforcessuchasIndia.Thereisofcourseasimplesolutiontoallthis-ahottereconomywithstrongerdemandthatwouldforcecompaniestohireworkers.Buttheseven-pointdeclineinJulyoftheConsumerConfidenceIndexdoesn’toffermuchnear-termhope.SomeeconomistsalsoworrythatBush’sdeeptaxcutsare"averyexpensivewayofgettinganamountofstimulusthatistoosmall"saysJanetYellenaprofessorattheHaasSchoolofBusinesswhoalsochairedClinton’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers.TheBushadministrationrespondsbyaskingAmericanstowaituntilthefulleffectofthecutsarefeltandtheeconomykicksintoahighgeargrowthrateof3percentto4percent.ForthemillionsofAmericanswhoareoutofworkthatdaycan’tcomesoonenough. Bycitingthedetailednumbersrelatedtotheplanttheauthorintendstoshowthat
能增加肺弹性阻力的是
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Policy-makersandthemediaparticularlyintheUnitedStatesfrequentlyassertthatclimatescienceishighlyuncertain.Somehaveusedthisasanargumentagainstadoptingstrongmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ForexamplewhilediscussingamajorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportontherisksofclimatechangethen-EPAadministratorChristineWhitmanargued"Asthereportwentthroughreviewtherewaslessconsensusonthescienceandconclusionsonclimatechange".Somecorporationswhoserevenuesmightheadverselyaffectedbycontrolsoncarbondioxideemissionshavealsoallegedmajoruncertaintiesinthescience.41.__________________.ThescientificconsensusisclearlyexpressedinthereportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.Createdin1988bytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeIPCC’spurposeistoevaluatethestateofclimatescienceasabasisforinformedpolicyactionprimarilyonthebasisofpeer-reviewedandpublishedscientificliterature.InitsmostrecentassessmentIPCCstatesunequivocallythattheconsensusofscientificopinionisthatEarth’sclimateisbeingaffectedbyhumanactivities:"Humanactivities...aremodifyingtheconcentrationofatmosphericconstituents...thatabsorborscatterradiantenergy....Mostoftheobservedwarmingoverthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrations".IPCCisnotaloneinitsconclusions.42.__________________.ForexampletheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportClimateChangeScience:AnAnalysisofSomeKeyQuestionsbegins:"GreenhousegasesareaccumulatinginEarth’satmosphereasaresultofhumanactivitiescausingsurfaceairtemperaturesandsubsurfaceoceantemperaturestorise".ThereportexplicitlyaskswhethertheIPCCassessmentisafairsummaryofprofessionalscientificthinkingandanswersyes.43.__________________.Othersagree.TheAmericanMeteorologicalSocietytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionandtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceAAASallhaveissuedstatementsinrecentyearsconcludingthattheevidenceforhumanmodificationofclimateiscompelling.Thedraftingofsuchreportsandstatementsinvolvesmanyopportunitiesforcommentcriticismandrevisionanditisnotlikelythattheywoulddivergegreatlyfromtheopinionsofthesocieties’members.Neverthelesstheymightdownplaylegitimatedissentingopinions.44.__________________.The928papersweredividedintosixcategories:explicitendorsementoftheconsensuspositionevaluationofimpactsmitigationproposalsmethodspaleoclimateanalysisandrejectionoftheconsensusposition.Ofallthepapers75%fellintothefirstthreecategorieseitherexplicitlyorimplicitlyacceptingtheconsensusview;25%dealtwithmethodsorpaleoclimatetakingnopositiononcurrentanthropogenicclimatechange.Remarkablynoneofthepapersdisagreedwiththeconsensusposition.45.__________________.Thisanalysisshowsthatscientistspublishinginthepeer-reviewedliteratureagreewithIPCCtheNationalAcademyofSciencesandthepublicstatementsoftheirprofessionalsocieties.Politicianseconomistsjournalistsandothersmayhavetheimpressionofconfusiondisagreementordiscordamongclimatescientistsbutthatimpressionisincorrect.[A]Manydetailsaboutclimateinteractionsarenotwellunderstoodandthereareamplegroundsforcontinuedresearchtoprovideabetterbasisforunderstandingclimatedynamics.[B]Suchstatementssuggestthattheremightbesubstantivedisagreementinthescientificcommunityabouttherealityofanthropogenicclimatechange.Thisisnotthecase.[C]InrecentyearsallmajorscientificbodiesintheUnitedStateswhosemembers’expertisebearsdirectlyonthematterhaveissuedsimilarstatements.[D]Admittedlyauthorsevaluatingimpactsdevelopingmethodsorstudyingpaleoclimaticchangemightbelievethatcurrentclimatechangeisnatural.Howevernoneofthesepapersarguedthatpoint.[E]Thathypothesiswastestedbyanalyzing928abstractspublishedinreferentscientificjournalsbetween1993and2003andlistedintheISIdatabasewiththekeywords"climatechange".[F]Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesanythingitishumilityandnoonecanbefaultedforfailingtoactonwhatisnotknown.[G]TheIPCC’sconclusionthatmostoftheobservedwarmingofthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrationsaccuratelyreflectsthecurrentthinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue. 44
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text4IBM’syear-old$2.5billioncomputer-chipplantinEastFishkillN.Y.isamanufacturingmarvel.Three-hundredrobotictoolssixmilesofnetworkingcableandmorecomputingpowerthanNASAusestolaunchthespaceshuttleallworktogethertoproducetensofmillionsofchipsayear--eachwithcircuitry800timesthinnerthanahumanhair.Notthatyou’llfindmuchhumanhairaroundtheplant.Otherchipplantsneedabout400employeesatalltimestooperatetheComplexmachinery.ButtodayatEastFishkill100engineerspershiftoverseeatotallyautomatedproductionline.Lastwinterwhenafiercesnowstormsenteveryonehomeearlythemachineshummedalongovernightwithoutanyproblem."TheproductivityincreasesforIBMareamazing"saysPerryHartswicktheseniorprogrammanagerattheplant.ProductivityimprovementslikethoseatIBMcanbeabooninahealthyeconomyhelpingtomakeAmericanbusinessmorecompetitiveabroadandkeepingalidoninflationasemployeesworkhardertomeetstrongdemandfortheirproducts.Buttoday’ssoaringproductivityishavingaharmfulsideeffect:it’sholdingbackjobgrowth.LastThursdaytheCommerceDepartmentreportedthatGDPgrewatanannualrateof2.4percent.Butunemploymentwashoveringatanuncomfortablyhigh6.2percentinJulyand44.000additionaljobswereaxedfrompayrollsmarkingthesixthmonthinarowtheeconomyhaslostjobs.Onefaultisthatseeminglyprofligatespending’onhightechduringthe’90sboom.Morethanthreeyearsafterthebustit’scontinuingtogenerateaproductivitypayoffinsidecompanies.Evenindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducationoncethoughttobelargelyimmunetoproductivityimprovementshavebeenrevolutionizedbydigitalmediaonlineresearchtoolscellphonesande-mail.Butthat’snottheonlyreasonfortheproblem.OverthelastthreeyearsAmericanmanufacturershaveshipped2.6millionjobstolow-WagecountrieslikeChina.Meanwhile.afloodofwhite-collarjobs--likecomputertechniciansandcustomerservicereps--havegonetocountrieswithwell-educatedworkforcessuchasIndia.Thereisofcourseasimplesolutiontoallthis-ahottereconomywithstrongerdemandthatwouldforcecompaniestohireworkers.Buttheseven-pointdeclineinJulyoftheConsumerConfidenceIndexdoesn’toffermuchnear-termhope.SomeeconomistsalsoworrythatBush’sdeeptaxcutsare"averyexpensivewayofgettinganamountofstimulusthatistoosmall"saysJanetYellenaprofessorattheHaasSchoolofBusinesswhoalsochairedClinton’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers.TheBushadministrationrespondsbyaskingAmericanstowaituntilthefulleffectofthecutsarefeltandtheeconomykicksintoahighgeargrowthrateof3percentto4percent.ForthemillionsofAmericanswhoareoutofworkthatdaycan’tcomesoonenough. Accordingtothepassageindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducationusedto
Text4IBM’syear-old$2.5billioncomputer-chipplantinEastFishkillN.Y.isamanufacturingmarvel.Three-hundredrobotictoolssixmilesofnetworkingcableandmorecomputingpowerthanNASAusestolaunchthespaceshuttleallworktogethertoproducetensofmillionsofchipsayear--eachwithcircuitry800timesthinnerthanahumanhair.Notthatyou’llfindmuchhumanhairaroundtheplant.Otherchipplantsneedabout400employeesatalltimestooperatetheComplexmachinery.ButtodayatEastFishkill100engineerspershiftoverseeatotallyautomatedproductionline.Lastwinterwhenafiercesnowstormsenteveryonehomeearlythemachineshummedalongovernightwithoutanyproblem."TheproductivityincreasesforIBMareamazing"saysPerryHartswicktheseniorprogrammanagerattheplant.ProductivityimprovementslikethoseatIBMcanbeabooninahealthyeconomyhelpingtomakeAmericanbusinessmorecompetitiveabroadandkeepingalidoninflationasemployeesworkhardertomeetstrongdemandfortheirproducts.Buttoday’ssoaringproductivityishavingaharmfulsideeffect:it’sholdingbackjobgrowth.LastThursdaytheCommerceDepartmentreportedthatGDPgrewatanannualrateof2.4percent.Butunemploymentwashoveringatanuncomfortablyhigh6.2percentinJulyand44.000additionaljobswereaxedfrompayrollsmarkingthesixthmonthinarowtheeconomyhaslostjobs.Onefaultisthatseeminglyprofligatespending’onhightechduringthe’90sboom.Morethanthreeyearsafterthebustit’scontinuingtogenerateaproductivitypayoffinsidecompanies.Evenindustrieslikeentertainmentandhighereducationoncethoughttobelargelyimmunetoproductivityimprovementshavebeenrevolutionizedbydigitalmediaonlineresearchtoolscellphonesande-mail.Butthat’snottheonlyreasonfortheproblem.OverthelastthreeyearsAmericanmanufacturershaveshipped2.6millionjobstolow-WagecountrieslikeChina.Meanwhile.afloodofwhite-collarjobs--likecomputertechniciansandcustomerservicereps--havegonetocountrieswithwell-educatedworkforcessuchasIndia.Thereisofcourseasimplesolutiontoallthis-ahottereconomywithstrongerdemandthatwouldforcecompaniestohireworkers.Buttheseven-pointdeclineinJulyoftheConsumerConfidenceIndexdoesn’toffermuchnear-termhope.SomeeconomistsalsoworrythatBush’sdeeptaxcutsare"averyexpensivewayofgettinganamountofstimulusthatistoosmall"saysJanetYellenaprofessorattheHaasSchoolofBusinesswhoalsochairedClinton’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers.TheBushadministrationrespondsbyaskingAmericanstowaituntilthefulleffectofthecutsarefeltandtheeconomykicksintoahighgeargrowthrateof3percentto4percent.ForthemillionsofAmericanswhoareoutofworkthatdaycan’tcomesoonenough. Totoday'sAmericansproductivityimprovements
Text3Thekakapoiswidelyregardedastheworld’smostabsurdbird.Itisaflightlessnight-activeparrotthatlivesinNewZealand.Itisthusaprimeexampleofthesortofevolutionaryexperimentthathappensonislandsthatlackseriouspredators.Nowsadlythekakapopopulationhasbeenreducedtoafewdozenindividuals.Buteffortstopreservethespecieshaveledtoanothersortofexperiment--onethathasproducedthebestevidencesofarforasocalledsex-allocationtheory.BruceRobertsonoftheUniversityofCanterburyandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingamystery.Tokeepthekakapopopulationgoingconservationistshavebeenfeedingthebirds--inparticularthefemales--sothattheystayabovetheminimumweighttheyneedtobreed.Thatworkedsplendidlyasfarasitwent.Between1997and2005theadultpopulationrosefrom50to83.Butthesexratiowenthaywire.Those83birdsaredividedinto45malesand38females.Moreoverfemaleswereproducingtwiceasmanysonsasdaughters.Sinceanotherofthekakapo’speculiaritiesisitsbreedingsysteminwhichthemaleplaysnopartinraisingtheyoungthesurvivalprospectsofthespeciesarenotenhancedbythisbiasedsexratio.DrRobertsonsuspectedthatthesexratiowasnotanaccident.Inallspeciesthenumberofdescendantsleftbyindividualmalesismorevariablethanthenumberleftbyindividualfemales.Thatmeansyourdaughtersaremorelikelytohaveatleastsomechildrenthanyoursonsbutsuccessfulsonshavemanymorechildrenthansuccessfuldaughters.Inaspecieslikethekakapowherethemaleshavetodisplaytothefemalesinafashionshowandwhereonlytheshowiestmalesgetpickedtoreproduceitmakessensetohavesonsonlyiftheyarelikelytobethebestmalesaround.Otherwiseitisbettertohavedaughters.Andsoitseemstobewiththekakapo.Byprovisioningthebirdswithasmuchfoodastheycaneatfemaleshavebeenbroughttothepeakofcondition--theidealstatetoproducetop-classsons.Andtheyhavedonesoinabundance.TotestthecorrectnessofthisideaDrRobertsonandhisteamdevisedamoresophisticatedfeedingschedulethattookaccountofeachfemale’sstartingweightandfattenedheruptothepointatwhichshewascapableofreproducingbutnotmuchfurtherTheresultjustpublishedinBiologyLetterswasthatthesexratiosettleddownatamoresensible50:50.Thoughitdidnotactuallydroptofavordaughtersthatisstillanimpressiveagreementwiththeory.Itmightevensavethekakapofromextinction. Whatcanbeinferredfromthedescriptionofkakapo
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.IthasbeenahundredyearssincethelastbigoneinCaliforniathe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewhichhelpedgive1tomodemearthquakescience.Acenturylaterwehaveahighlysuccessful2calledplatetectonicsthatexplainswhy1906-typeearthquakeshappen--alongwithwhycontinentsdriftmountainsriseandvolcanoes3thePacificRim.Platetectonicsmaybeoneofthe4triumphsofthehumanmindgeology’s5tobiology’stheoryofevolution.Andyetscientistsstillcan’tsaywhenanearthquakewillhappen.Theycan’tevencome6.Whatscientistscandorightnowismakegoodmapsoffaultzonesand7outwhichonesareprobablydue8arupture.Andtheycanmakeforecasts.Aforecastmightsaythatoveracertainnumberofyearsthereisacertain9ofacertainmagnitudeearthquakeina10spot.Andthatyoushouldfixyourhousetoitsfoundationandgluethewaterheatertothewall.Turningforecastsintopredictions--"amagnitude7earthquakeis11herethreedaysfromnow"--maybeimpossiblebutscientistsaredoingeverythingtheycantosolvethe12ofearthquakes.Theybreakrocksinlaboratoriesstudyinghowstone13understress.Theyhike14ghostforestswheredeadtrees15oflong-agotsunamis.Theymakemapsofunsecuredbalancedrockstoseewherethegroundhas16inthepastandhowhard.Theydigditchesacrossfaultssearchingfortheactivetrace.Theyhavewiredupfaultzoneswithsomanysensorsitis17theEarthisapatient18intensivecare.19wetellourselves--tryinghardtobepersuasive--theremustbesomewayto20orderandcriteriononallthatuntrustworthyground. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
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