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For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clea...
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高中英语《四川省成都外国语学校2015届高三高考前检测试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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第二节语法填空共10小题每小题1.5分满分15分阅读下面短文按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3l-40的相应位置上DuringMyschoolyearsIwasalwaysstrugglingtolearnEnglishbecausemyparentsatthetimedidnotapproveofus31speakEnglishwhilewewereathomE.Ifoundoutthatwascausingmeproblemsatschool.Whenwritingapaperoressay32ideaswerenotclear.Iwouldconfusewords.Iwasreadingpoorly.Ithenstartedtoreadalotofcomicsbooksand33watchmoreTV.TalkingtomyfriendsinEnglishmoreoftenhelpeD.Participatinginschooleventsasmuchaspossiblewasabigplus.SeveralyearslaterandnowknowingtheEnglishlanguageIfeltIcoulddosomethingtohelpmyparents.IwasabletohelpmyparentsbecomeUS34city.Whenmyparentscameto35countrylikeotherimmigrants36wereafraidthatsoonerorlaterthey_37forcetoleaveforMexico.Itookituponmyselftoinformmyparentsthat38_wasimportantforustotakecareofthisproblem.IlearnedeverythingIcould39whatwehadtodotobecomepermanentResidents.OncewebecameResidentswedecidedthatwewouldbecomeUSCitizensaswell.MytakingthetimetoreadandlearnaboutbecomingaUSCitizenprovedtherewas40Icouldnotdo.
Whatiseco-fashion?Eco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthattakeintoaccounttheenvironmentthehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Itisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthefashionableterms—‘ecological’and‘ethical’.Ecologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile织物andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissuessurroundingthemethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.Whataretheproblemswithfashion?A.closerlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthatarecommonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstlytheproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming;synthetics-making人造纤维生产bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.Secondlyeverystageofclothingproductionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergyandsomealsoinvolvechemicalswhichevidentlydoharmtothesurroundings.Inadditiontothisthereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocessespeciallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdlygrowingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironmentandwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Thenhowtosolvetheproblems?Otherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerialsdesigningforminimumwastechoosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforlongevity.Thefashionindustryhasbeenslowtoadoptthesechangesandpartoftheproblemistheverynatureoffashion.ToalargedegreeitisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuturE.TherearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprintfromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyusethroughselectingsustainablematerialsandchoosinglocalsupplierstorecycleandminimizewastE.Ontheotherhandasconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.Thereissomeconcernthateco-friendlyfashionsarejustatrendthatwewilleventuallygrowtiredofbutwecanmakesurethatdoesn'thappen.NowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightforwardandimmediatE.Theyrelatedirectlytoourpersonalhealth.Infactchoosingeco-fashioncanalsocontributetoourpersonalhealththoughitismostlydonebywayofkeepingthehealthoftheplanet.Whychooseeco-fashion?___51___offashionEcologicalTextile&clothingproductionprocesses;Issuesrelatedto___52___EthicalWorking___53___involvedProblemswithfashionTextile___54___Cotton-planting:useofpesticides;Sheep-farming&wool-cleaning:globalwarming;Synthetics-making:___55___wasteClothingproductionProducingalotofwaste;Usingchemicals;____56____agreatdealofenergyConsumptionlevels&shoppinghabitsNewclothes:boughtinincreasingquantitiesOldclothes:___57___awayquickly___58___toproblemsFashionproducersWaystorecycleand___59___waste:Switchingtogreenenergy;Reducingenergyuse;Selectingsustainablematerials;Choosinglocalsuppliers____60____SelectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingReducingclothingconsumptionChoosingeco-fashioncancontributetoourpersonalhealth.
Dayafterdayyouaregluedtoyourcomputerscreen.Youcannotgetenoughofonlinegamesnetshoppingorcybersurfing.Yoursociallifegetsworseandsodoesyourhealth.Chancesarethatyouareaddictedto沉迷于theInternetandyouneedcounseling劝告建议.OnNovember8anInternetAddictionDisorderIADdiagnosticmanual诊断手册wasapprovedbyagroupofpsychologistsinChinawhoagreedthatInternetaddictionisamentaldiseasE.AccordingtoareportonXinhuanet.comthemanualforthefirsttimegivesacleartimestandardfordiagnosingIADsayingthatsurfingtheInternetformorethansixhoursadaynotforthepurposeofstudyingorworkingandhavingdonesoforlessthanthreemonthsmightbeasymptomofIAD.Addictionsymptoms上瘾症状differBesidesthelongonlinetimesomeothersymptomswouldalsohelpdoctorsdiagnoseIADpatientssuchashavingastrongdesirefortheInternetandfeelingphysicaldiscomfortbecomingeasilyangrybeingunabletoconcentrateonthingsorfindingitdifficulttosleepifunabletogetonlinE.Apartfromtheseconditionsothersymptomsarealsolistedinthemanual.Ifanetsurfercannotgetoutofthevirtual虚拟的worldofWebgameswhichhasalreadyaffectedhis/hercapabilitytostudyorworkorhe/shefeelslittleinterestindoinganythingbutjumpingonlineorisafraidtocommunicatewithothershe/sheisalsoconsideredtobeanIADsufferer.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationmentaldiseasesufferershavetwomajorcharacteristics:theybringsufferingtoboththemselvesandtheirfamiliesandtheirabilitiestobeinvolvedinsocialactivitiesareaffecteD.Mentalillnessstigma污名Howeverithasresultedinabacklash反对fromthepublicduetothefactthatmentaldiseaseisaverysensitivetermtoChinesE.ManynetizensdroppedcommentsexpressingtheirdoubtsaboutthemanualsayingthattheycouldnotaccepttheymightbesufferingfrommentalillnessjustbecausetheyspenttoomuchtimeontheInternet.Expertssaidthereisamisunderstandingofthemanual.ExplainingthatIADsufferersarenotcrazypeopletheycallonsocietyatlargetochangetheirunderstandingofmentaldiseasE.Mentaldiseasecoversawiderangeofpsychologicalorbehavioralproblemssuchasdepression.NewSolutionstoInternetAddictionInformationaboutIAD▲Problem:Internetaddictionmakesyoursociallifeand1_____getworsE.▲StandardfordiagnosingIAD:Internetaddictionisa2_____diseasewhenyousurftheInternetmorethansixhoursadayforlessthanthreemonthsnotto3_____orwork.4____addictionsymptomsTheyare▲eagertosurftheInternetphysicallyuncomfortableeasytobeangryunabletoconcentrateor5_____tosleep.▲unabletogetoutofthe6_____worldofWebgamesnot7_____indoinganythingelseorafraidtocommunicatewithothers.8___onmentalillness▲Manynetizensregardmentaldiseaseasavery9_____term.▲Expertsthinkitnecessaryto10_____mentaldiseasebecauseitcoversawiderangE.
Tomakeourdigestive消化的systemworkwellweshouldavoiddoingsomethingsafterhavingamealforexampledrinkingwater.Itistruethatapersonshoulddrink8glassesofwatereverydaytostayhealthy.Howeverdrinkingwaterrightaftereatingorevenduringamealmaydisrupt扰乱digestion.Itmightaffectonthenaturallevelsofacidandbile酸和胆汁thatarenecessaryforproperdigestion.What’smoredrinkingcoldwateraftereatingmightslowdown减慢digestion.Sotrytoavoiddrinkingwateratleastanhourafteramealandavoiddrinkingitwhileeating.Thoughwalkingaftereatingishealthydoingitimmediatelyafteramealisnot.Doingsowillmakeitdifficultforthedigestivesystemtotakeinnutrients营养fromthefooD.BesidesthebloodwillflowtowardsotherpartsofthebodylikelegshandsetC.whichwillmakethedigestivetractnothaveenoughamountofbloodflowthatisneededforproperdigestion.Soweshouldwaitforatleast2hoursaftereatingandthenbeginexercising.Sleepingshouldalsobeavoidedrightaftereating.Thisisbecausegoingtobedrightafteramealwillleadtoimproperdigestion.What’smoresuchahabitwillalsomakeyouputonalotofweight.Thereforewaitforanhourortwoandthengotosleep.Manyofushavethehabitofdrinkingteajustafterlunchordinnerwhichisreallyunhealthy.Thetealeavesarerichinacidwhichpreventstheproteininthefoodfromdigesting.Thebesttimetodrinkteaisatleastonehouraftereating.Eatingfruitsrightafteramealmayfillthestomachwithairandcausediscomfort.Theywillalsotaketimetoreachthedigestivetractdisturbingtheentireprocessofdigestion.Toprotectyourstomachfromdigestiveproblemseatfruitsbeforeorafter1-2hoursofameal.Inawordifyouavoiddoingalltheabovethingsaftereatingyouwillsurelymakeyourdigestioneasyandyouwillbelesslikelytohavedigestiveproblems.ThingstoavoidimmediatelyaftereatingDrinkingwater●Drinkingwaterimmediatelyaftereatingorduringamealmaydisruptdigestionwhichmight71____________onthenaturallevelsofacidandbilE.●Drinkingcoldwateraftereatingprobablyreduces减少the72____________ofdigestion.●Don’tdrinkwateruntilatleastanhourhaspassedafterameal.Goingforawalk●Ifwewalkrightafteramealourdigestivesystemwillhave73____________takinginnutrientsfromthefooD.●Walkingrightafteramealwillmakethedigestivetractnothave74_________amountofbloodflowthatisneededforproperdigestion.●Don’t75____________outwithintwohoursaftereating.76____________●Goingtobedrightaftereatingwill77____________inimproperdigestion.●Goingtobedrightaftereatingcancauseoneto78____________weight.Drinkingtea●Thetealeavesarerichinacid79___________preventstheproteininthefoodfromdigesting.●Drinkteaatleastonehouraftereating.Eatingfruits●Eatingfruitsrightafteramealmayfillthestomachwithairandmakeyoufeel80____________.●Fruitsshouldbeeatenbeforeorafter1-2hoursofameal.
根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有一项为多余选项DearSirIhavetotraveleverydayfromSoUKRoadtotheairport.Twobusestravelalongthisroute:No.49andNo.16.HoweverbythetimeNo.16reachesSoUKRoaditisalwaysfull.____ThetimetablestatesthattherearebusesfromSoUKRoadtotheairporteverytenminutes.____Theinstructionsstatethatifthereareemptyseatsonabusthebusmuststopateverystopwherepeoplearewaiting.____Theinstructionsstatethatnobusmaycarrymorethan40seatedpassengersand20standingpassengers.YesterdayIwasthefirsttogetoffthebuswhenitreachedtheairport.____Therewere129ofthem.ClearlyprintedonthebackofeverybusisasignthatsaysMaximumspeed:50mph._____SaturdaymorningaNo.49bustraveledthedistanceintenminutesatanaveragespeedof60mph.Attimesitmusthavedoneatleast80oreven90mph.Itisobviousthatourbuscompanieshaveneitherrespectfortheinstructionsnorconsiderationfortheirpassengers.Cannothingbedoneaboutthis?JerryA.Icountedtheotherpassengersastheygotoff.B.Whyisitthathalf-emptybusesgostraightpastmewhenIamstandingatthebusstop?C.Theproblemisthatwehavetopaymoreforourtrip.D.ThedistancefromSoUKRoadtotheairportis10miles.E.ThisleavesNo.49whichsometimeshasemptyseatsonit.F.IfthisissowhydoIhavetowaithalfanhourforabusnearlyeveryday?
Somestudentsgetsonervousbeforeatesttheydopoorlyeveniftheyknowthematerial.SianBeilockhasstudiedthesehighlyanxioustest-takers.SianBeilock:Theystartworryingabouttheconsequences.Theymightevenstartworryingaboutwhetherthisexamisgoingtopreventthemfromgettingintothecollegetheywant.Andwhenweworryitactuallyusesupattentionandmemoryresources.Italkaboutitasyourcognitivehorsepowerthatyoucouldotherwisebeusingtofocusontheexam.ProfessorBeilockandanotherresearcherGerardoRamirezhavedevelopedapossiblesolution.Justbeforeanexamhighlyanxioustest-takersspendtenminuteswritingabouttheirworriesaboutthetest.SainBeilock:Whatwethinkhappensiswhenstudentsputitdownonpapertheythinkabouttheworstthatcouldhappenandtheyreappraisethesituation.Theymightrealizeit’snotasbadastheymightthinkitwasbeforeandintruthitpreventsthesethoughtsfromappearingsuddenlywhenthey’reactuallytakingatest.Theresearcherstestedtheideaonagroupoftwentyanxiouscollegestudents.Theygavethemtwoshortmathtests.Afterthefirstonetheyaskedthestudentstoeithersitquietlyorwriteabouttheirfeelingsabouttheupcomingsecondtest.TheresearchersaddedtothepressurE.Theytoldthestudentsthatthosewhodidwellonthesecondtestwouldgetmoney.Theyalsotoldthemthattheirperformancewouldaffectotherstudentsaspartofateameffort.ProfessorBeilocksaysthosewhosatquietlyscoredanaverageoftwelvepercentworseonthesecondtest.Butthestudentswhohadwrittenabouttheirfearsimprovedtheirperformancebyanaverageoffivepercent.Nexttheresearchersusedyoungerstudentsinabiologyclass.Theytoldthembeforefinalexamseithertowriteabouttheirfeelingsortothinkaboutthingsunrelatedtothetest.ProfessorBeilocksayshighlyanxiousstudentswhodidthewritinggotanaveragegradeofB+comparedtoaB-forthosewhodidnot.SainBeilock:Whatweshowedisthatforstudentswhoarehighlytest-anxiouswho’ddoneourwritinginterventionallofasuddentherewasnorelationshipbetweentestanxietyandperformancE.Thosestudentsmostpronetoworrywereperformingjustaswellastheirclassmateswhodon’tnormallygetnervousinthesetestingsituations.Butwhatifstudentsdonothaveachancetowriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelybeforeanexamorpresentation?ProfessorBeilocksaysstudentscantryitthemselvesathomeorinthelibraryandstillimprovetheirperformancE.Title:Overcomingtest71.______________ProblemSomestudentsgetnervousbeforeatestsotheycan’tdo72.__________eveniftheyknowthematerial.Reason73.__________abouttheconsequences74.__________themtheirattentionandmemoryresources.SolutionWritedowntheirworriesto75.________thenegativethoughtsappearingsuddenly.ResultsoftheresearchesCollegestudents:76._______withthosesittingquietlystudentswritingabouttheirfearsimprovedtheirperformancE.Youngerstudents:highlyanxiousstudentswhodidthewritinginsteadof77.________thingsunrelatedtothetestgot78._______grades.79.___________waystosolvetheproblemIfstudentshaveno80.__________towriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelytheycantryitthemselvesathomeorinthelibrary.
Work-lifebalancemeanssomethingdifferenttoeveryindividualbutherehealthandcareerexpertssharetipstohelpyoufindwhatarcrightforyou.A.lotofoverachieversdevelopperfectionisttendenciesatayoungagewhendemandsontheirtimearclimitedtoschoolhobbiesandmaybeanafter-schooljoB.It'seasiertomaintainthatperfectionisthabitasakidbutasyougrowuplifegelsmorecomplicateD.Asyouclimbtheladderatworkandasyourfamilygrowsyourresponsibilitiesincreaserapidly.Perfectionismbecomesoutofreachandifthathabitisleftuncheckeditcanbecomeharmful.Thekeytoavoidburningoutistoletgoofperfectionism.Aslifegetsmoreexpandedit'sveryhardtokeepthathabitofperfectiongoing.ThehealthieroptionistoworkhardnotforperfectionbutforexcellencE.Fromtelecommutingtoprogrammesthatmakeworkeasiertechnologyhashelpedourlivesinmanyways.Butithasalsocreatedexpectationsofconstantaccessibility.TheworkdayneverseemstoenD.Therearetimeswhenyoushouldjustshutyourphoneoffandenjoythemomcnl*Officialinstructionsoverthephoneinterruptyourofftimeandaddstresstoyoursystem.Sodon'ttextatyourkid'ssoccergameanddon'tsendworke-mailswhileyou'rehangingoutwithfamily.Bynotreactingtotheupdatesfromworkyouwilldevelopingastrongerhabitofresilience弹性.ResilientpeoplefeelagreatersenseofcontrolovertheirliveswhilereactivepeoplehavelesscontrolandarcmorelikelytogetstresseD.Evenwhenwe'rebusywemaketimeforthecrucialthingsinlifE.Weeat.Wegotothebathroom.Wesleep.Andyetoneofourmostcrucialneeds—exercise—isoftenthefirstthingtogowhenourcalendarsfillup.Exerciseisaneffectivestressreducer.Soyoushoulddevotequitesometimeeachweektoself-carewhetherit'sexerciseyogaormeditation冥想.Andifyou'rereallypressedfortimestartsmallwithdeepbreathingexercisesduringyourtraveltoandfromworkaquickfive-minutemeditationmorningandnightorreplacingdrinkingalcoholwithahealthierformofstressreduction.TheseexercisesrequireminoreffortbutoffermajorpayoffsOurautonomicnervoussystemincludestwobranchesthesympatheticnervoussystemourbody'sstressresponseandtheparasympatheticnervoussystemourbody'srestanddigestresponse.Thekeyistofindsomethinghatyoucanbuildintoyourlifethatwillactivateyourparasympatheticnervoussystem.TitleTipsforBetterWork-LifeBalanceLetgoofperfectionismAsastudentyouarefreetofocusoneverydetailofwhatyoudoandimprovethemuntiltheyare71perfect.Withajobandafamilyyouwon'thavesomuchtimeand72energyforperfectionism.Inthelatlercaseyoumayaimatexcellencebutget73ridofperfectionism.74WithdrawfromyourbossOnesideeffectofthemobilephoneiskeepingyou75connectedassociatedwithworkeveninyoursparetimeBykeepingyourphone76offyoucanenjoyhavingrecreationswithyourfamilywithoutbeingdisturbedResilientpeopleareabletoachieveabetter77balancebetweenworkandlifE.ExerciseandmeditateExerciseshouldbean78essentialpartofyourlifehowevertightyourschedulesarE.Even79easysimple/lifthtgentleandtime-savinsexerciseswilleffectivelyhelpreduceyourstressfromwork.Whenweworkoutwemakeourparasympatheticnervoussystem80activewhichcalmseverythingdown.
Whendifficultpeopleexpressthemselvesorallytheygenerallywantatleasttwothings;they'vebeenheardandthey'vebeenunderstanD.Asagoodcommunicatorshouldbeagoodlistenerfivestepsareadvocatedtowardgoodlistening.Thefirststepiscooperating合作.Howdoesadifficultpersonknowthatyou'relisteningandunderstanding?Infactit'sthroughthewayyoulookandsoundwhileheistalking.Youmayhelphimtofullyexpresshisthoughtsandfeelings.Youdothisbynoddingyourheadinagreementmakingcertainsoundsofunderstanding.Whenthepersonbeginstorepeatwhat'sbeensaidit'ssignalofStepTwo:turningback.Itmeansthatyourepeatbacksomewordsheisusingsendingaclearsignalthatyou'relisteningcarefullyandthatyouthinkwhatheissayingisimportant.Havingheardwhathehastosaythenextstepisclarifying.AtthispointyoustarttogatherinformationaboutwhatisbeingcommunicateD.Asksomeopen-endedquestionswhichwillallowyoutofigureouthisintention.Thefourthstepistosummarizewhatyou'vehearD.ThisallowsyoutomakesurethatbothyouandthedifficultpersonareonthesamepagE.Whenyoudothistwothingshappen.Firstifyou'vemissedsomething.hecanfillinthedetailsSecondyou’veshownthatyou'remakinganefforttounderstandcompletely.Thisincreasesthepossibilityofgainingcooperationfromhim.Havinglistenedcarefullyyou'venowarrivedatthepointofconfirmingthathefeelssatisfiedthathisthoughtshavebeenfullyvoiceD.AskifhefeelsunderstooD.WhenenoughsincerelisteningquestioningandrememberingarebroughttogetherunderstandingisusuallyachievedandadifficultpersonbecomeslessdifficultandmorecooperativE.Topic1tounderstandReasonDifficultpeoplehopetheyhavebeenheardand2whentheyexpressthemselves.3onlistening◆4______inagreementandmakesomesoundsofunderstandingwhileadifficultpersonisspeaking.◆Repeatsome5______thatyouhavehearD.◆Collectinformationabouttheperson'sexpressionsandfindhis6______.◆Givea7______ofwhatthepersonhassaiD.◆Confirmthatthepersongains8______withyoubecauseyouspeakinghisthoughts.ResultAdifficultpersonwillbe9______tocooperatewithifunderstandingisachieveD.CommentYoumayunlockthedoorstodifficultpeople's10afteryoulistenandunderstand
HowTrafficAffectsOurHealthWhentalkingabouttrafficproblemswealsoneedtotakeintoconsiderationthepollutionthatweareexposedtoandthehealthproblemstrafficcauses.GivenbelowisanindepthexpositiononhowtrafficaffectsourhealthandwhatwecandotoavoidsomeoftheseeffectstolivealongerandhealthierlifE.AchesandPainsDrivinginaslouched无精打采的positionputspressureonyourbackandneck.Backpainisoftenduetopoorposturewhichcanhaveanegativeeffectonyourhealth.Yourbadposturealsoputsstressonthejointsofyourelbowsandkneescausingpainandtirednesstotheseareasofyourbody.Whenyouaredrivingintrafficyouareconstantlyshiftingbetweentheacceleratorandbrakeinautomatictransmissioncarsandclutchbrakeandacceleratorinmanualtransmissioncars.Thisconstantshiftingputspressureandstressonyourkneescausingkneerelatedproblemsandaches.Whatcanyoudo?Youcancounteracttheseilleffectsandpostureproblemsbysittinguprightandhavingasupportforyourlowerbackandneck.Adjustthepositionofyourseatinsuchawaythatyoucandriveateasewithoutanydiscomfort.Thebackrestoftheseatshouldbestraightupandnotpulleddowntoomuch.Respiratory呼吸的ProblemsExposuretoheavytrafficimpliesexposuretopoisonousgasesthatareemittedbyvehicles.ItisbelievedthatthetransportationsectorintheUSisresponsibleforaquarterofthecountry'sgreenhousegasemissions.Ourlungsarelikespongessoakingineverythingthatisbreathedinbyourrespiratorysystem.Thesmokecomingoutofthetailpipesofvehiclespresentsaseriousthreattohumanhealth.Prolongedexposuretotrafficemissionscancausevariousrespiratorydiseasesincludinglungcancer.Whatcanyoudo?Therearewaystoavoidbreathinginpollutedair.Ifyoucanavoiddrivinginpartsofyourtownwithheavytrafficcongestion.Howeverifyoufindyourselfdrivingthroughsuchareasrollupyourcarwindowstominimizeexposuretoharmfulgases.Ifyouplantogooutforawalkorrundoitinaplacewhereyougetloadsoffreshair.Eatfoodsthatarerichinantioxidants抗氧化剂andexerciseregularlysothatyourimmunesystemisstrongenoughtofightoffpotentialthreatstoyourhealth.Travelandtrafficaretwothingsthatareabsolutelyunavoidableandthatiswhyweshouldtrytobeascomfortableaspossibletobestressfreeandillnessfree!Title:HowTrafficAffectsOurHealthPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsLeadinWhenit33________totrafficproblemsweshouldpayenoughattentiontothepollutionweareexposedtoandthehealthproblemsthattrafficcauses.AchesandPainsProblems●34________apoorpositionwhenyouaredrivingcanaffectyourhealthbadlyinseveralwayssuchasbackneckeventhejointsofyourelbowsandknees.●Shiftingpostureconstantlyinthe35________ofdrivingwillputpressureandstressonyourkneescausingachesandpains.Solutions●Youcansituprightandhaveasupportforyourlowerbackandneck.●Youcanmake36________tothepositionofyourseat.●Youcan37________thebackrestofyourseatandavoidpullingitdowntoomuch.RespiratoryProblemsProblems●Itisbelievedthatthetransportationsectoristo38________foraquarterofthegreenhousegasemissionsintheUS.●Ourlungsbreatheinharmfulelementsinthesmokefromvehiclesdamagingourhealthseriously.●Longexposuretodangerouspollutantsfromvehiclescancausevariouslungrelateddiseaseslungcancer39________.Solutions●Youshouldtrytodrivethroughtheareas40________fromheavytrafficcongestion.●Youmustwindupyourcarwindowstokeepexposuretoharmfulpollutantstothe41________.●Youshouldchooseaplacewhereyougetloadsoffreshairtotakeawalkorhavearun.●Youmustattach42________toyourdietandregularexercisetofightoffpotentialthreatstoyourhealth.ConclusionWeshouldtrytobestressfreeandillnessfreewhiledrivingortraveling.
InChinaasinmanycountriesthenorth－southdividerunsdeep.Peoplefromthenorthareseenashaleandheartywhilesouthernersareoftenportrayedascunningculturedtraders.Northernersaretallerthansoutherners.Thenortheatsnoodleswhilethesoutheatsrice—andaccordingtonewresearchwhenitcomestopersonalitythatdifferencehasmeanteverything.AstudypublishedFridaybyagroupofpsychologistsinthejournalSciencefindsthatChina’snoodle－slurpingnorthernersaremoreindependentshowmoreanalyticthoughtanddivorcemorefrequently.Bycontrasttheauthorswriterice－eatingsouthernersshowmorequalitiestraditionallyassociatedwithEastAsiancultureincludingmoreholisticthoughtandlowerdivorcerates.Thereason?Cultivatingricetheauthorssayisalotharder.Picturearicepaddyitsdelicateseedlingstuckedinabedofwater.Theyrequirecarefultendingandmanyhoursoflabor—bysomeestimatestwiceasmuchaswheat—aswellasrelianceonirrigationsystemsthatrequireneighborlycooperation.Astheauthorswriteforsouthernersgrowingricestrictself－reliancemighthavemeantstarvation.Growingwheatbycontrastthenorth’sstaplegrainismuchsimpler.OneChinesefarmingguidefromthe1600squotedinthestudyadvisedaspiringfarmersthatifoneisshortoflaborpoweritisbesttogrowwheat.Toproducetheirfindingstheauthorsevaluatedtheattitudesof1162HanChinesestudentsinBeijingandLiaoninginthenorthandinFujianGuangdongYunnanandSichuaninthesouth.Tocontrolforotherfactorsthatdistinguishthenorthandsouth—suchasclimatedialectandcontactwithherdingcultures—theauthorsalsoanalyzeddifferencesbetweenvariousneighboringcountiesinfivecentralprovincesalongChina’srice－wheatborder.AccordingtotheauthorstheinfluenceofricecultivationcanhelpexplainEastAsia’sstrangelypersistentinterdependence.ForexampletheysaySouthKoreaandJapanhaveremainedlessindividualisticthanWesterncountriesevenasthey’vegrownwealthier.Theauthorsaren’taloneinobservingtheinfluencevariouscropshaveonshapingculturE.MalcolmGladwellinhis2008bookOutliersalsodrewconnectionsbetweenahard－workingethicmeasuredbyawillingnesstofilloutlongboringquestionnairesandahistoricaltraditionofricecultivationinplacessuchasSouthKoreaandJapangiventhatthefarmingofsuchcropsisarguablyanequallyboringchorE.Title:HowChina’sNorth－SouthDivideHasInfluenceon71______Personality72______inpersonality●China’snortherners73______onnoodlesandtheyarethoughtofashaleheartyandtallerwithmore74______andanalyticthoughtaswellashigherdivorcerates●OnthecontrarythesouthernersprefereatingriceandhavemoreholisticthoughtandlowerdivorceratesReasons●Plantingriceneedstwicemore75______thanplantingwheat●Cultivatingricereliesonirrigationsystemthatrequiresneighborsto76______well●Ifyouareoverindependentyoumight77______inthesouth●Ifyouare78______inlaborpoweritisbesttogrowwheatinthenorthTheResearch●Theattitudesof1162HanChinesestudentswereevaluated●Otherunrelatedfactorslikeclimatedialectandherdingcultureswerecarefully79______●TheresultshowstheinfluenceofricecultivationcanresultinmorecooperationandexplainEastAsia’sstrangelypersistentinterdependenceAnother80______observationMalcolmGladwellalsofoundtheinfluencecropshaveoncultureinhis2008bookOutliers
第二节短语填空共5小题每小题1分满分5分Hehasever_______________thelongjumpintheOlympicsthreetimes.参加Thechangesareanimprovement______________.在某种程度上Tribesandtribalcustoms____________centuriesago.消失灭绝WhenIambacktoschoolfromsickleaveIwill_____________弥补forthemissinglessons.Sentencescanbe___________分解intophrasesandphrasesintowords.
Schoolfailureisaprocessinwhichastudentslipsfartherandfartherbehindhispeers同龄人andgraduallydisconnectsfromtheeducationalsystem.Theendresultofschoolfailureisleavingschoolbeforegraduation.Manycasesofschoolfailurehappenamongstudentswhohavetheabilityandintelligencetosucceedbutarenotableorwillingtoapplytheseabilitiesintheschoolsetting.Peoplewhofailinschoolmayfeelstupidbutemotionalormentalhealthproblemsandhiddenlearningdisordersnotlowintelligenceoftenaretherootcausesoftheirinabilitytomeetthestandardsofaschool.ThefollowingaresomefactorsthatcanleadtoschoolfailurE.Depressionisoneofthemostcommoncausesofschooldifficulties.ItisaconditionthatmakespeopletrappedinlowspiritsforlongperiodsoftimehavelessenergyandloseinterestinstudiesthatnormallygivethempleasurE.Anxietyisafeelingofexcessiveworryaboutapossibledangeroranuncomfortablesituationthatisintenseenoughtointerferewith妨碍aperson’sabilitytoconcentrateandfocus.Studentsalsomaybringtheirproblemsathometoschoolwiththem.Ifastudent’sfamilyisexperiencingviolenceunemploymentoranyotherupsettingsituationitcanbedifficultforhimtoconcentrateonschoolwork.Manystudentswhoarehavingfamilyproblemsmighthavetroublecontrollingtheirangerandfrustrationatschoolandtheymayendupintroublebecauseoftheirbehavior.Learningdisordersareconditionsthatinterferewithgainingspecificacademicskillssuchasreadingorwriting.Learningdisorderscandamageaperson’sabilitytoprocessorrememberinformation.StudentsatriskofschoolfailureneedtobeidentifiedasearlyaspossibleintheirschoolcareersiftheyaretoreceivethehelptheyneeD.Thistaskusuallyfallstotheteachersandparents.Parentscanhelpbytakingagenuineinterestintheirchildren’sschoollifeandattendingschoolevents.Theyshouldtakeseriouslysuddenchangesintheirchildren’sbehaviorsleepingoreating.Besidestheyshouldhelptheirchildidentifywhatheorsheisbadatorgoodat.Ontheotherhandtherearealotofthingsteacherscandotohelpthosestudentswhofailinschool.Forexampletheycandeveloplearningplansthatsupportthestudents’strengthscarryoutevaluationsabouttheirpossiblelearningdisabilitiessupporttheirlearningbyteachingthemhowtostudyandencouragethemtoparticipateinschoolactivitiessuchassportsplaysorclubssothattheyfeeltheyareapartoftheschool.SchoolfailureTheconceptofschoolfailureSchoolfailurereferstoaprocesswhereastudentfallsbehindothersandbecomesgradually71.▲fromtheeducationalsystem.Itcanresultinastudent72.▲schoolearlyatlast.The73.▲leadingtoschoolfailureSomestudentsfeeldepressedthusbecomingless74.▲andlessinterestedinstudies.Somestudentscan’tkeep75.▲onstudiesduetotheiranxiety.Manystudentswithfamilyproblemsmighthavetroubleatschool.Learningdisorderscanmakestudentsunabletoperformwell76.▲.TipsforparentsShowyour77.▲aboutyourchild’sschoollifE.Don’t78.▲suddenchangesinthechild’sbehaviorsleepingoreating.Helptoidentifythechild’sweaknessesandstrengths.TipsforteachersDeveloplearningplanstosupportthestudents’strengths.79.▲thestudents’possiblelearningdisabilities.Teachstudyskillstosupportthestudents’learning.Involvethestudentsinschoolactivitiestomakethemhaveasenseof80.▲.
第二卷共35分第四部分写作共两节满分35分第一节短文填词共10小题每小题1分满分10分阅读下面短文根据以下提示1汉语提示2首字母提示3语境提示在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上所填单词要求意义准确拼写正确OnMay9th1906anAmericanAnneJevis’smotherdieD.Annwasindeepsorrow.Inordertomemorizehermothersheforwardasuggestionto76.fixadayasMother’sDay.OnMay7th1914alawwaspassedmthe77.secondSundayofMayMother’sDay.Today百万ofAmericans78.庆祝Mother’sDayinsomeway.Theybuymorethan15000000079.Mother’sDaygreetingcards.Therearedkindsofgreetingcards80.mostofshowpicturesofflowersheartsorotherthingstoexpress81.aperson’sloveforhisorhermother.Jevis’smotherwasfofthe82.whitecarnationsocarnationsarespeciallycforMother’sDay.83.Anditisoneofthedaysoftheyearforthewholeflower84.产业astherearetoomanyflowerstobesentatthesametimE.85.
Verymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressureistheexpressioneverybody’sdoingitItisastronginfluenceofagroupespeciallyofchildrenonmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.ItcanbepositiveornegativE.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynatureandsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctiswhytheapprovalofpeersorthefearofdisapprovalissuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatworkortoanswerfinewhenastrangeraskshowareyou?enenifitisnotnecessarilytruE.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis:ithelpssocietytofunctionefficientlyandencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to–dayinteraction.Forcertainindividualsseekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesiretheymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugsorjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheyworkorendupindedtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinanefforttokeepupwiththeJoneses.HoweverpeerpressureisnotalwaysnegativeA.studentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.ThistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugsortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadonE.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.SchoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressurE.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselvesandencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelivearewrong.Similarlyitcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.ConceptofpeerpressurePeerpressure__71____tothestrongfeelingthatYoumustdothingsthewayotherpeopleofyouragedo.It___72___innearlyeveryoneofusandinfluencesusinonewayoranothergoodorbadApracticalfunctionofpeerpressureto_____73_____Beingsocialcreaturespeopleexpecttheapprovalfromtheir___74_members.Peoplearoundwillaffecthowonelives__75______PeerpressurehelpssocietyfunctioneffcientlyInfluencesofpeerpressureonindividualsThedesiretobesocially____76____islikeadrugNegativeinfluencesincludelackofmoralsensecriminaloffencesand___77______Positiveinfluencesaregoodgradesteam___78_____andthebuilding-upofgoodhabits.To___79_______thedangerofnegativepeerpressurekidsshouldlearntobeindependentwhenNecessaryandsaynotoanythingthatiswrongor_____80_____
Travellingtoallcornersoftheworldgetseasierandeasier.Weliveinaglobalvillagebutthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.Howshouldwebehavewhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?AnAmericanshakesyourhandfirmlywhilelookingyoustraightintheeyE.InmanypartsofAsiathereisnophysicalcontactatall.InJapanyoushouldbowandthemorerespectyouwanttoshowthedeeperyoushouldbow.InThailandpeoplegreeteachotherbypressingbothhandstogetheratthechest.Inbothcountrieseyecontactisavoidedasasignofrespect.Manycountrieshaverulesaboutwhatyoushouldandshouldn'twear.InKoreayoushouldtakeoffyourshoeswhenenteringahousE.Remembertoplacethemneatlytogetherwhereyoucamein.InSpainlunchisoftenthebiggestmealofthedayandcanlasttwoorthreehours.Forthisreasonmanypeopleeatalightbreakfastandalatedinner.InMexicolunchisatimetorelaxandmanypeopleprefernottodiscussbusinessastheyeat.InBritainit'snotunusualtohaveabusinessmeetingoverbreakfast.Inmostcountriesanexchangeofbusinesscardsisnecessaryforallintroductions.Youshouldincludeyourcompanynameandyourposition.IfyouaregoingtoacountrywhereyourlanguageisnotwidelyspokenyoucangetthebacksideofyourcardprintedinthelocallanguagE.InChinayoumaypresentyourcardwiththewritingfacingthepersonyouaregivingitto.Title:Good34.______AspectCountryCustom35.______·America·Japan·36.______·Shakinghandsfirmly·37.______toshowrespect·PressingbothhandstogetheratthechestDressing·Korea·Takingoffyourshoesatthe38.______Eating·Spain·Mexico·39.______·Havingalightbreakfastandalatedinner·Relaxingwhilehaving40.______·HoldingabusinessmeetingoverbreakfastDoingbusiness·Mostcountries·China·Exchangingbusinesscardwhen41.______yourself·Presentingacardtoaperson42.______itsfrontfacinghimConclusion:Whentravelling43.______weshouldfollowlocalcustoms.
第II卷共60分词汇第一节默写每词0.5分满分15分U3:Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelp____________.Anyhowmygoalistoprovide____________________________.U4.Whatareyoudoing?AskedDaisy.I’m____________mosquitoesitreplieD.Itcontainsapowerfuldrug________mosquitoes.U5:Haveyouever____________infrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert________everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?Tobehonestalotofpeople_____________________richandfamous.L59:Astheneighbours________thenoisemyhusband____________himtopresshispawonthelatchtolethimselfin.
改写后的课文内容填空共10个空每空1分满分10分ManypeoplebelievethatItisalwayscalmbeforeastorm.ActuallyitisnottruE.BeforetheTangshanearthquakestrangethingshappeneD.Someanimalsweretoon______toeatandthewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandb______.At3:42A.m.theterribleearthquakebrokeout.Infifteensecondsalargecitylayinr_____.Thesufferingofthepeoplewase_______.Almosteverythingwasd_____andthousandsofchildrenwerelefthomeless.Beforepeoplecouldr_______fromthefirstquakeasecondonehitthecity.Somerescueworkersanddoctorsweret________undergrounD.Waterfoodande_______werecutoff.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthed____wouldlast.L_____peoplealloverthenationofferedthehelpinghanD.Withthejointeffortsthecitybegantobreatheagain.
第二节语法填空共10小题每小题1.5分满分15分阅读下面短文按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上LastyearIwasdrivinghomeonenightjustaroundtheholidays.Iwasabouttoturnontothehighway31Inoticedarathersadlookingfigureholdingasign.Ihonestlydon'trecall32thesignreadbutIdidknowthatitwasgettingverycoldoutsidE.Thismanwasobviouslyhomelessandwascompletelyexposed33theelements.Ihappened34purchaseanewblanket.ItwasinmycarstillpackedinplasticfromthestorE.Ithoughtforamoment35rolldownthewindowandgesturedtotheman.HeranovertomyvehiclE.ItoldhimthathelookedcoldandhelaugheD.IexplainedthatwhileIdidn'tcarryanycashI36happentohaveanewblanketandaskedhimifhecoulduseit.HewasthrilleD.Itoldhimthatitwas37aslongasheagreedtodosomethingkindforsomeoneelse38return.Iamprettysurethat39madehisdayandkepthimwarmthroughtheevening.IknowIfeltthe40warm.
根据所提供的语境从方框中选择适当短语的正确形式填空使句子完整其中有两个多余词refertobesupposedtobebackonone’sfeetlackofinformofspeedupmakeanydifferenceavarietyofputone’shandsonbreakdown1.TheremustbenolifeontheMarsfor_________________airtherE.2.Takethesetabletsthedoctorprescribedandyou'llsoon_______.3.Don’tforgetto__________thedirector________thecommittee’sdecision?4.It’smostupsetthatyoucan’t________________________itwhenyoubadlyneedsomething5.Therewererepresentativesfrom______________partsoftheworldattheconferencE.6.Itdoesn’t____________________________tomewhereyoucomefrom.7.Herhealth________________________underthepressureofwork.8.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatthismeans_________________________thedictionary.
ForthousandsofyearsthemostimportanttwobuildingsinanyBritishvillagehavebeenthechurchandthepuB.Infactuntilaplacehasachurchandapubitisn’treallyconsideredacommunityworthyofanamE.Traditionallythechurchandthepubareattheheartofanyvillageortownsinceitiswherepeoplegathertogiveandreceivenews.Infacttheword‘pub'isshortforpublichousE.That'showitusedtobebutthingsarebeginningtochangE.Itissaidthatthecreditdeclineiscausing39Britishpubsaweektogooutofbusiness.Peopledon’thavelotsofsparemoneytospendonbeer.RecentlytheUKgovernmentbannedsmokinginallpubsandthatmayalsohaveaffectedthenumberofcustomersgoingtopubs.ThisdeclineishappeningdespitethefactthatinrecentyearstheUKgovernmenthasstartedtoallowpubstostayopenafter11p.m.Previouslywith11p.m.asclosingtimecustomerswouldhavetodrinkquitequicklymeaningtheysometimesgotmoredrunkthantheywouldifallowedtodrinkslowly.TheBritishhabitofdrinkingalotveryquicklyisknownasbingedrinkinganditcausessomelong-termhealthproblemsforpeopleandproblemswithviolentcrimeforcommunities.TheUKgovernmentischangingthelawtodiscouragebingedrinkingandregularlyspendsmoneyontelevisionadvertisementstowarnpeopleoftheproblemsofdrinkingtoomuch.Inordertosavetheirbusinessespubsaretryingtochangewiththemarket.Nowthereareanumberofdifferenttypesofpubs.AsyoucanseeBritishpubsnowoffersomethingforeveryonE.A.lotofpubsusedtobeworkingmen'sclubsmeaningthatwomencouldnotusuallyenter.Todayhoweverwomencanfreelyenter99%ofpubswithoutexperiencinganyproblems.Perhapsthingsarechangingforthebetterafterall.TopicThe1____ofBritishPubCulture?The2____roleofchurchesandpubsinpeople'sdailylifeintheUK♦Peoplewon'tnameanarea3____thereisachurchandapuB.♦Theyaretheplaceswherepeoplegathertosharenews.The4_______ofthedecreaseofthepubbusiness♦Thecreditdeclineissaidtocausemanypubsto5____down.♦Nosmokingis6_______inanypubswhichmayhavehadaneffectonthebusiness.♦Thegovernmentistryinghardto7_______bingedrinking.8_______tosavethebusiness♦Pubsaremakingchangesto9____theneedsofthemarket.♦AsawomanintheUKnowadaysyoucanenjoyadrinkinalmostallthepubs.10_________Thingsarechangingforthebetterprobablyfromnowon.
PopulationChangeWhyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbitsbutthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcenturydecliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermorearound50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementleveli.E.2.1birthsperwomanandalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthratE.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeupthelossespeciallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnationsbutyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoowhichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChinaforinstancE.Whatdoesitimply?FirstChinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.SecondifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstanteconomicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetroublE.RussiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromisE.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesurebutpoordietanabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbenD.Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.InthenorthofIndiathepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthratesbutinthesouthwheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplacebirthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwistbirthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducateD.Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSAitisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010-2030.MoreovertheUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.
InmanypartsoftheworldtravelingbytrainisacommonexperiencE.Sometimesasaresultofsavingtimeduringtravelandduetoapackedschedulepeoplemayenduptravelingbyplaneortakingbusesforshorterdistances.Howeverincomparisonrailtravelhasdistinctadvantagesoverbusesplanescarsorboats.Forexamplenexttoshipstrainsofferthemostspaciousmodeoftravel.Forabiggrouptheentirecompartmentortwoisfreetochangeintoatemporarycamp.Youcanmovearoundtakeawalkliedownputyourlegsupandwalktothediningcarforamealifyoufeelhungry.Alsoyouhavethefreedomtosleepintherightpositionsitcomfortablyanddecideyourowntimeofarrival.Asaresultyouwillhaveacomfortablejourney.Trainsalsocanprovidecheaperbaggageweight.Why?Trainsdonotrequirebaggagechecksandallluggageisinfrontofyou;notmanyitemsarerestrictedandyoucantakeasmuchluggageasyoucanaslongasyoucancarryitaroundyourselfbecauseitissomuchcheaperthanairlines.Inadditiontrainsareeasiertocatchothermeansoftransport.Asweknowthesamecityusuallyhasabout2-3majorstationswhereonemaychoosetogetonoroff.Unlikebusstationsorairportsthereisnosinglepointofentryandexistfromaparticularcitywhichalsoenablesyoutocatchatraineasily.Itsaveslargeamountsofmoneyintaxifaresreducingthedistancefromstationstothedestination.Trainsmakeyouhavemoreinteractionwithothers.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenannoyedbypushysleepingsnoringarmchair-grabbingmenonbuseswhereyouregrethavingreceivedtheworstco-passengerintravellinghistory?Ordoyourememberthelasttimeyouhadameaningfulconversationwithastrangersittingnexttoyou?Travelingbytrainmakesitpossibletocreatesuchrelationshipswithco-passengersyou’reforcedintoaroomwithforanaverageoftwelvehours.Moreimportantlytrainsruninalmostanyweatherexceptheavysnowwhichisalmostalwaystakencareof.Blockedroadsorstormyweatherisnotathreattothetrain.Soifthereisanemergencyandallflightsarebookedorgroundedthetrainisthebestandmostconvenientsolution.Soeveryonemustundertakeatrainjourneyatleastonceintheirlivesjusttogainoneofthebestexperiencesoftravelingthereis.Afterallifitisthejourneynotthedestinationthatcountsthentakeatraintomakethejourneystress-freE.Title:Travellingbytrain86Trainshavemanyadvantagesovermanyothermeansoftransportationthoughtheyareslowerthanplanesorrunlonger87thanbuses.Advantages◆Atrainoffersalotofspaceforyoutomoveorrestfreelywhichoffersyou88◆Youcangetonthetrainwithoutgettingyourluggage89◆Trainsareavailablethankstoseveralmajor90inthesamecity◆Onthetrainyouhavemore91tocommunicatewithothers.◆Ifitdoesn’tsnow92youcanalwaystravelbytrain.◆A.trainwon’tbe93byblockedroadsorbadweather94Takeatrainifyouaren’tinahurryanddon’twantyourjourneytobe95
Bikeshareprogramsrangefromsmallcommunity-basedprogramsthatofferbikesforfreeusetolargertechnology-basedservicesthatinvolvepublicandprivatepartnerships.Whicheverformtheysharecommongoals:fewertrafficjamsinlargecitiesmorelastingmeansoftransportationimprovedsafetyofcommunitiesandbetterhealthforriders.WhilemanyEuropeanshavereliedonbikingasaformoftransportationformanyyearsbikesshareprogramswereintroducedinlargecitiesoftheU.S.toencouragenon-bikeriderstojoinalongandmakeitconvenientforpeopletogetaroundtownwithouthavingtoworryaboutlockinguptheirbikeormaintainingit.Thisoriginalprogramsthatofferedfreebikeswereruinedbytheftandvandalism故意破坏butnewertechnologyhashelpeddecreasecrimE.Mostlargeprogramshaveelectroniccardscomputerortelecommunicationtrackingandasystemthatstorescreditcardinformation.Bikesareusuallyclearlydesignedorcoloredsotheyareimmediatelyrecognizedandsomehavepartsthatwon’tworkonotherbikes.Withmembershipfeesatusuallyaroundfortydollarseveryyeartheyaresignificantlycheaperthandrivingandpublictransportation.IntheUnitedStatescommunitybikeprogramshavebeenaroundforyears.Portland’sYellowBikeProjectstartedin1994.SmartBikeDCwhichstartedin2008andoveronehundredbikesspreadaroundWashingtonD.C.NewYorkCityhasanexperimentalbikeshareprograminthesummer;PortlandMinneapolisArlingtonSanFranciscoBostonandChicagoareallintendingtostartsmallbikeshareprograms.Collegeshavealsobeeninterestedincommunitybikes.AttheUniversityofNewEnglandforinstancestudentsaregivena$260bicycleforfreeinexchangeforleavingtheircarathomewiththeirparents.HowevermanyhavehadtostopprogramsduetounreturnedbikesandvandalismStartingbikeshareprogramsisn’teasy.EventhelargeprogramsinEuropestillfacetheftandvandalismandridershipdropsduringthewinterandmaintenancefeescanaddup.OnedisadvantageintheU.S.isthatmanycommunitiesaren’tsetupforbiking;they’resetupfordriving.Longtravelsandalackofbikelanescan’tnecessarilybesolvedwitheasy-to-accessbikes.Yetforthosecitiesthatarerelativelyflatandcrowdedbikeshareprograms—andincreasedbikeridershipingeneral—offersomanybenefitsyouhavetowonderiftwowheelsmightbetherideofthefuturE.Title:BikeShareProgramGoals●To71._____________trafficjamsinlargecities●Toencouragemorelastingmeansoftransportation●Toimprovesafetyofcommunitiesandriders’healthMeasures●Mostlargeprogramshaveelectroniccardscomputerortelecommunicationtrackingandasystem72._____________creditcardinformation.●Bikesareusuallyclearlydesignedorcoloredsotheyareeasyto73._____________andsomehavepartsthatwon’tworkonotherbikes.74._____________●Portland’sYellowBikeProjectstartedin1994●SmartBikeDCstartedin2008●NewYorkCityhasanexperimentalbikeshareprograminthesummer●TheUniversityofNewEnglandgivesstudentsa$260bicyclefreeof75.______________Advantages●Itbrings76._____________topeoplegettingaroundtownwithouthavingtoworryaboutlockinguptheirbikeormaintainingit●Bikingisnotasexpensiveasdrivingandpublictransportation77._____________●Bikesarenot78.__________andtheyareoftendestroyedonpurpose●Fewerpeopleridebikesduringthewinterandmaintenancefeescan79.___________.●Manycommunitiesaresetupfordriving80.___________offorbiking
MaintainahealthydietMaintainingahealthydietcanbechallengingforavarietyofreasons:insufficienttimeever-evolvingresearchonsuperfoodsandanoverwhelmingamountofcompetingandexpensivedietplans.Longstoryshortthere’stonsofnoiseoutthereaboutwhattoeatandwhatnottoeat.Itseemslikeeveryoneisanexpertthesedayswithanopinion.Sotosaveyoutimeandunduestresswe’vestreamlinedthatinformationpullingoutthemostcommondiethabitsfromleadingvoicesinthewellnessworlD.KeepscrollingtofindoutourtopfivE.Firstrememberbreakfastmightjustbethemostimportantmealofthedaysoit’simportantyoustartoffonahealthfulfoot.Togetstartedyoumayfindithelpfultosticktosimilarfoodseachmorningnothingtoocomplex—thinkeggwhitesorganicberriesspinachandavocado.Orjuststicktoasmoothie果汁与牛奶混合的饮料onceyougetcomfortablewiththatcertifiedholisticnutritionistElizabethSteinadvisedafewdeliciousrecipesforahealthybreakfastperfectfortheweekendwhenyouhavealittlemoretimetoexperimentinthekitchen.It’sundeniablethatoneofthefirstnameswethinkofinHollywoodwellnessisGwynethPaltrow.She’sanardentfollowerofhealthylivingandeliminationdietssuchasCLEANthatconsistofyouguesseditcleanwholefoods;i.E.foodswithtonsofadditivesareoutlikefrozendinnersfastfoodandmostanytakeout.Shecontributesalottotheprogressofthefocustoshifttoorganicproducelearnanimalproteinsnutsandnon-glutengrainsandstarchandherbodyiskindofproofitworks.Sheevenwroteabookofhealthyrecipesit’sAllGooD.ExercisebenefitsourhealthofcoursebutfollowingaworkoutyourbodyisinrecoverymodeandyourmetabolisminoverdrivE.Consumingthecorrectfoodstoreplenishreduceinflammationandre-hydrateiskey.Weevenhaveaspecificlistofwhichfoodstoreachforafteraworkoutfromourexclusiveinterviewwithplant-basednutritionsiteVega’snationaleducatorandRHNEmmaAndrews.Besidesdon’tforgetconsumingsodaisoneoftheworstthingsyoucandotoyourbody.InastudypublishedinthemedicaljournalHeartdrinkingonlytwocansofanysodaisproventomakeyoumorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseasE.InsteadsiponasweetalternativelikeVitaCocoCoconutWater.Andweshouldconsumehealthyfat.That’srightaccordingtothreenutritioniststherearesomefatsthatareconsideredgreatforthebody’sdigestionandweshouldallbeaddingthemtoourgrocerylistASAP.A.fewtoknow:avocadorawnutsandcoconutoil.titleHowtomaintainahealthydiet76____________Lackoftimeandnumerousdietplansmakeitdifficulttomaintainahealthydiet.Besidesnewresearchonsuperfoodsarealways77_____up.tips*Sayingnoto78____breakfast.Startfromsimilarand79______foodseachmorningandthenhavea80__________atafewdeliciousrecipesifyouarenottime-constraint.*EatingwholefoodsGwynethPaltrowisabigfanofhealthylivingandeliminationdietsand81_____thefocustoshifttowholefoods*RefuelingafteraworkoutAfteraworkoutwhatcountsistoconsumethecorrectfoodstohelpourbody82_________*AvoidingsodaSodaisproventobeharmfultoyourbodyinthatonlytwocansofanysodacan83_______theriskofheartdiseasE.An84______istohaveVitaCocoConconutWater.*85________healthyfatsSomefatsarerecommendedtobeaddedtoourgrocerylistASAP.
第三节短文填空共5小题每小题1分满分5分在短文的空白处填入合适的单词使短文意义完整逻辑通顺答案写在短文后面的指定位置每空只填一词TherearemanythemeparksintheworlD.Disneylandisoneofthem.Youcannotonlystepintoamagicalworldbutalsocan85yourdreamstherE.AstimegoesbyDisneylandhasbecomeoneofthemostattractiveparksworldwidE.86wherethereisaDisneylandtourismissurelyincreasing.DollywoodisamostfamousculturalthemeparkintheUSAandthepark’s87isitsmainattraction.Peoplecomeheretoenjoythewondfulcountrymusicplayedbyfamousmusicgroupsindoorsor88.England’sCamelotParkisaplacewhereyoucanexperiencemanyancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknightsandladies.Alsoyouwilllearnhowpeopleworkedontheirfarmsinancient89.Inshortwhereveryougoyouwillfindathemeparkforyou.
AboutSocialWorkIfhelpingpeopleoutisyourthingthensocialworkisthefieldforyou.Ofcoursejustbeingpoliteandholdingthedooropenforotherswon’tbeclassifiedasprofessionalwork.Socialworkinvolvesgivingbacktosocietyalittlebitofwhatyoufeelyouowetoit.Itisoftendividedintotwodifferentbranches.Youcaneitherhelpsocietyphysicallyoffinancially.Somepeoplewhodonothavemoneytogivebackcontributewiththeirtimeandenergy.Thereareseveralcaseswhereweseethatpeoplegoforteachingpoorchildrenandconductingdrivesonsocialawareness.Manyotherswithmoremoneybutlesstimepreferfinancingsocialworkbodiesbyhandingoutlargesumsofmoneyasdonationstohelpthemrun.Anattitudeofserviceisimportantasthepointofsocialworkistohelppeoplegrow.ItisallaboutservingpeoplewhoarefinanciallydifficultandneedyoursupporttobeabletoworkonthesamebasiswiththerestoftheworlD.ThepeoplethatsocialworkersareservingareclearlyforonereasonortheotherdisadvantageD.ByhelpingoutthebasicideaistoreducethisdifferencebetweenthemandtherestoftheworlD.Sothepersonwhohastakenonthetaskneedstokeepinmindthatensuringequalityisanimportantpartoftheirwork.ItneedstobedonewiththegoalofmakingsurethatattheendofiteverypersonhasanequalchancE.Integrity正直isoneofthecentralvaluesbecauseitisintegrityitselfthatreflectsthetruespiritofsocialwork.Integrityisafeelingwhichisborneoutofmoralcorrectnessandtheneedtokeeptoone’svaluesystems.Whenintegrityismadeapartofthecentralvaluesonlythencanthesocialworkbeconsideredasuccess.Gonearethedayswhenthiswaslefttothosewithlittletimeandfewskillswhichagreatsuccesscanbemadeoutofinthejobmarket.Socialservicetodayrequiresagreatdealofabilityhardworkandadrivetodothingsbettermuchasisthecasewithanyteamwork.Anunskillfulpersonmostcertainlycannotgonorisanylessthanthebestperformancedemandedbythosewhoareinit.Thefieldofsocialworkisajobthatneedsmuchskillnowadaysanditrequiresnothingbutthebestperformers.Butallthroughoneshouldrememberthecentralvalueoftheexistenceofsocialworkwhichistohelpthepoorsothattheytoomaybecomeableworldcitizens.AboutSocialWorkTwo91___________thatpeoplecontributetosocietySomepeoplehelpsociety92___________.Somepeopleespeciallythe93___________donatemoneytohelpothers.Good94___________neededtobeafirst-classsocialworkerYoushouldholdanattitudeof95___________andkeepitinminD.It’simportanttomakesureeveryoneenjoys96___________intermsofchances.Integritycandecidewhetheryoursocialworkis97__________.Youneedtohavethe98___________tomeettherequirementsoftoday’ssocialwork.Thethingthatsocialworkersneedto99____.Tohelpthepoorbecomeableworldcitizensisthe100_________valueofsocialwork.
Youmayconsideryoursmartphone'scameraasasubstitutewhenyoudon'thavt1yourrealcarrierswithyouibutthefactissmartphonecameratechnologyhasbecomesocomplexthatthepicturesyoutakeonyourmobiledevicemaybematchablelothoseyoushootwithastandalonedigitalcamerA.PlusyoursmartphonecameratravelswithyoualmosteverywherE.Whatbetterwaylocapture捕捉theunexpectedmomentsofyourlifethatcouldbetheonesyoulovebest?Trythesesimpleandaffordabletipstocontrolandusethepowerofyoursmartphone'scameraandcaptureaqualityimageforeverymomentyouwanttopreservE.Smartphonecamerasenableyoutosnap拍照animageatamoment'snoticebuttheslimdesignofmobiledevicescanmakeittoughtoholdthecamerasteadyenoughtocaptureaclearimagE.Manyofustakelesstimetogettheshotwithsmartphonesthanwithfanciercamerasandthiscanleadtoout-of-focusimageswe'reunhappywith.Simplytakingafewmomentstostopandholdthecamera—andourselves—stillcmmakeabigdifferencE.Usingthevolume音量buttononthesideofyoursmartphonetosnapimagesinsteadofthecamera'son-screenbuttoncanalsoreducehandmovementandimpmvcthequalityofyourshots.Yoursmartphone'scameracanmeasurelightautomaticallybutmostsmartphonecameralenses镜片limityourfocallengthanddepth.Withqualitylightingyourcameraisabletocapturequalityimages.Whetheryou'resnappingpicturesindoorsoroutsidepayattentiontolightsourcesandhowtheyhityourphotossubject.Beespeciallymindfulofdarkshadowsacrosspeople'sfaceswhichcanappearlessattractiveinpictures.Additionallyaflashlightfromadifferentphonecanlightyoursubjectfrommanglewhichwillresultinabetterimagethanrelyingonyoursmartphonecamera'sflash.Insteadofgettingaflatwashed-outlookthesubjectlooksdynamitandattractivE.Justasyoursmartphonedoesn'talwaysknowwhatyoumostwanttocaptureinmimagethestrongestcompositionoftencomesfromsimplicity.Beforeyousnaptakealookatthebackgroundnoiseyourimagewillincludesuchaspassersbypicturesonawallbehindthesubjectandmovingcars.Don'ttrytocapturetoomuchallinonephoto.Walkclosertohelpremoveobjectsthatdon'taddtothescenE.Choosingcootraslingcoloursbetweenyoursubjectandthebackgroundelementsinanimagecanincreasethewowfactorofyoursmartphoncpicturestoo.Title:HowtoGeltheBestPicturesfromY0urSmartphoneGoodpointsofasmartphonecameraItstechnologycanalmost71matchthatofastandalonedigitalcamerA.It72accompaniesyouwhereveryouarC.Slowdow]ibeforeyousnapAsmartphoneissosmallinsizethatitshardforyoulopreventa73shake/movementofyourhandorcamcrawhichleadstoanunwantedimagE.Youarenotsupposedtopressthebuttonunlessyourhandstogetherwithyourcameraremainat74rest.Usingthesidebuttoninsteadoftheoneonthescreenensures75relativesteadinessofyourcamerA.Useproperlight76LightingdeterminesthebrightnessanddarknessofimagesandthustheirqualityAflashlightfromanotherphonemaybe77superiortothatfromyourownintheeffectofanimagE.Makethescene78simpleYoucanmakeyourimagestandoutby79excludingunwantedobjectsfromitwhentakingaphoto.Thecontrastofcoloursalso80contributesalottoaquitlilyimagE.
阅读下面的短文并根据短文后面的要求答题请注意问题后的字数要求[1]AswellasincreasingmemorybeingsadmakespeoplelesslikelytobetrickedandimprovestheirabilitytojudgeothersaccordingtoanAustralianstudy.[2]ThestudyauthoredbyprofessorJosephFoegasattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesshowsthatpeopleinanegativemoodpaidmoreattentiontotheirsurroundingsthanwhoweremorelikelytobelieveanythingtheyweretolD.WhilepositivemoodsseemtopromotecreativityflexibilityandcooperationnegativemoodscausemoreattentivecarefulthinkingpayinggreaterattentiontotheoutsideworlD.writesForgasinAustralasianSciencE.[3]Ourresearchsuggeststhatsadnesspromotesinformationprocessingstrategiesbestfitfordealingwithmoredemandingsituations.[4]ForthestudyForgasandhisteamconductedseveralexperimentsthatstartedwithmakingtheirsubjects实验对象experiencehappyorsadmoodsbymakingthemwatchfilmsandbyrecallingpositiveornegativeevents.[5]Inoneoftheexperimentshappyandsadparticipantswereaskedtojudgethetruthofsomeurbanmyths神话andfoundthatpeopleinanegativemoodwerelesslikelytobelievethesestatements.PeopleinabadmoodwerealsolesslikelytomakemistakeswhenaskedtorecallaneventthattheywitnesseD.[6]Thestudyalsofoundthatsadpeoplewerebetteratstatingtheircasethroughwrittenarguments.Thusitshowedthatareasonablynegativemoodmayactuallypromoteamoreconcreteharmoniousandsuccessfulcommunicationstyle[7]PositivemoodsarenotuniversallydesirablE.Peopleinanegativemoodarelesslikelytomakejudgmentalerrorsandmoreresistant抵制的toeyewitnessmisunderstandings.saidForgas.76.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?within8words77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.within5words78.Intheexperimentsmentionedwhatcausedtheparticipants’feelingtochange?within8words79.Whichsentenceinthispassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Accordingtothestudypeopleinanegativemoodcouldalsoexpressthemselvesbetterinwriting.80.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5intoChinesE.
Scientistshavedevelopedanon-stickchewinggum口香糖.Thenewgumcanremoveeasilyfrompavementsshoesandclothes.It’stheresultofpolymer聚合体researchattheUniversityofBristolandcouldbelaunchedcommerciallyin2008.itcatcheson流行theproductwillsolvemajorheadacheforpresentauthoritiesaroundtheworlD.AgreatdisadvantageofourCleanGumisthatitiseasytoremoveandhasthepotentialtobeenvironmentdegradable可降解的saidTerenceCosgroveaprofessorofchemistryhelpedtofoundacompanycalledRevolymertocommercializethetechnology.Today’schewinggumsaremadesyntheticlatex人工制造的乳液whichisresistanttotheweatherandisstronglysticky.Thenewgumaddsaspecialpolymertochangeitsproperties特性makeitfarlesssticky.IntwostreettrialscommercialgumsremainedstucktothepavementCleanGumcameawaynaturallyinallcases.
A.briefcourseofbrainexerciseshelpedolderadultsholdontoimprovementsinreasoningskillsandprocessingspeedthatcouldbedetectedaslongas10yearsafterthecourseendedaccordingtoresultsfromthelargeststudyeverdoneoncognitivetraining认知训练.ThefindingspublishedonMondayintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyofferwelcomenewsinthesearchforwaystokeepthemindsharpas76millionbabyboomers婴儿潮出生的一代人intheUnitedStatesadvanceintooldagE.Thefederally-sponsoredtrialofalmost3000olderadultscalledtheAdvancedCognitiveTrainingforIndependentandVitalElderlyStudyACTIVElookedathowthreebraintrainingprograms—focusingonprocessingspeedmemoryandreasoningability—affectedcognitively-normaladultsastheyageD.Peopleinthestudyhadanaverageageof74whentheystartedthetrainingwhichinvolved10to12sessionslasting60to75minuteseach.ThetrainingcoursewasdesignedtoimprovespecificcognitiveabilitiesthatbegintodeclineaspeopleagE.Itdidnotaimtopreventdementia痴呆causedbyunderlyingdiseasesuchasAlzheimer’s阿尔茨海默症.Afterfiveyearsresearchersfoundthatthosewiththetrainingperformedbetterthantheiruntrainedcounterparts相对应的人inallthreemeasures.Althoughgainsinmemoryseenatthestudy’sfive-yearmarkappearedtodropoffoverthenextfiveyearsgainsinreasoningabilityandprocessingspeedlasted10yearsafterthetraining.Whatwefoundwasprettyastonishing.TenyearsafterthetrainingtherewasevidencetheeffectsweredurableforthereasoningandthespeedtrainingsaidGeorgeRebokanexpertonagingandaprofessoratJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimorewholedthestudy.Theparticipantsinallthreetraininggroupsalsoreportedthatthetrainingmadeiteasierforthemtododailyactivitiessuchasmanagingtheirmedicationscookingmealsorhandlingtheirfinancesthanthosewhodidnotgetthetraining.Butstandardtestsoftheseactivitiesshowednodifferencesbetweenthegroups.Thespeed-of-processingresultsareveryencouragingsaidstudyco-authorJonathanKingprogramdirectorforcognitiveagingintheDivisionofBehavioralandSocialResearchattheNationalInstituteonAgingNIApartoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthwhichhelpedfundtheresearch.Kingsaidtheself-reportedimprovementsindailyfunctionwereinterestingbutaddedWedonotyetknowwhethertheywouldtrulyallowolderpeopletobeindependentforalongertimE.Howevertheresearcherssaidevenasmallgainwouldbelikelytoeasetheburdenoncaregiversandhealthcareproviders.IfwedelaytheattackofdifficultiesindailyactivitiesevenbyasmallamountthatcanhavemajorpublichealthimplicationsintermsofhelpingtocontrolhealthcarecostsdelayingentryintoinstitutionsandhospitalsReboksaiD.BrainTrainingCoursesKeepSeniors71___▲___Basicinformationaboutthestudy●Thestudywas72___▲___bythefederalgovernment.●Therewereabout3000participantswhowere74yearsoldon73___▲____.●Theyweregivencognitivetrainingwhose74___▲___wereprocessingspeedmemoryandreasoningability.Findingsofthestudy●Thetrainingmadetheparticipantsbetteratprocessing75__▲__andreasoning.●Withthebrainexercisesolderadultssaw76___▲___inreasoningskillsandprocessingspeedfor10yearsafterthetraining.●Accordingtotheparticipants’ownreporttheyhadan77___▲__timewithdailyactivities.78___▲____ofthestudyThefindingshelpinlookingforwaystokeepthemindsharpwiththebabyboomers79___▲___.Opinionsoftheresearchers●Itisunknownwhethertheeffectsofbraintrainingwouldenableolderadultstoliveindependentlylonger.●Howeverevenasmallgaincouldreducetheburdenof80__▲__theelders.
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