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患者突感天旋地转，恶心欲吐，站立不稳，跌倒在地。神志清楚，数分钟后自行缓解。应诊断为
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患者实感天旋地转恶心欲吐站立不稳跌倒在地神志清楚数分钟后自行缓解应诊断为
中风
厥证
痫证
眩晕
为明确跌倒造成的损伤首选以下哪项检查
头颅CT
X线
血糖
血常规
B超
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
头颅CT
X线
血糖
血常规
B超
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
头颅CT
X线
血糖
血常规
B超
该病人的中医诊断是
眩晕
头痛
中风
呕吐
以上都不是
患者突感天旋地转恶心欲吐站立不稳跌倒在地神志清楚数分钟后自行缓解应诊断为
中风
厥证
痈证
昏迷
眩晕
患者实感天旋地转恶心欲吐站立不稳跌倒在地神志清楚数分钟后自行缓解应诊断为
中风
厥证
痫证
昏迷
眩晕
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
既往跌倒史
台阶过高
颈椎病
用药不当
视力差
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
既往跌倒史
台阶过高
颈椎病
用药不当
视力差
该病中医诊断
眩晕
头痛
中风
呕吐
以上都不是
其诊断是
眩晕
头痛
中风
呕吐
耳鸣
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
既往跌倒史
台阶过高
颈椎病
用药不当
视力差
下列哪项不是耳眩晕的主症
天旋地转感
身体向一侧倾倒感
耳鸣耳聋
恶心呕吐
神志不清
患者徐某男性54岁主诉左半身活动不灵伴言语不清17天病史7月3日在田间劳动中突感左半身麻木随之不能活
痿证
痹证
中风
眩晕
痫证
其诊断是
痿证
痹证
中风
眩晕
痫证
王大娘71岁早晨上台阶时摔倒在地臀部着地不能站立和行走自感局部剧痛神志尚清楚家人随即将其送往医院老人
头颅CT
X线
血糖
血常规
B超
导致该老人跌倒的因素最不可能是
既往跌倒史
台阶过高
颈椎病
用药不当
视力差
患者突感天旋地转恶心欲吐站立不稳跌倒在地神志清楚数分钟后自行缓解应诊断为
中风
厥证
癎证
昏迷
眩晕
患者张某男性42岁1995年4月16日8时就诊主诉突然头晕伴视物旋转13小时患者昨晚进餐之后于晚7时
眩晕
头痛
中风
呕吐
耳鸣
张某男42岁1995年4月16日8时就诊主诉突然头晕伴视物旋转13小时患者昨晚进餐之后于晚7时突然感
眩晕
头痛
中风
呕吐
以上都不是
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Inacompetitiveeconomytheconsumerusuallyhasthechoiceofseveraldifferentbrandsofthesameproduct.Yetunderneaththeirlabelstheseproductsareoftennearlyidentical.Onemanufacturer’’stoothpastetendstodifferverylittlefromanothermanufacturer’’s.Twodifferentbrandsofshampoomayvaryonlyinscentorcolor.Andthetobaccointwodifferentbrandsofcigarettesfrequentlycomesfromthesamefields.Thisclosesimilaritymeansthatashopperoftenhaslittlereasontochooseonebrandoveranother.Thusmanufacturersareconfrontedwithaproblem--howtokeepsaleshighenoughtostayinbusiness.Manufacturerssolvethisproblembyadvertising.Throughadvertisingeachmanufacturingcompanytriestoconvinceconsumersthatitsproductisspecial.Todothisthecompaniestrytoappealtoconsumersinvariousways.Infactadvertisementsmaybeclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtothekindofappealstheyuse. Onetypeofadvertisementtriestoappealtotheconsumer’’sreasoningmind.Itmayofferaclaimthatseemsscientific.ForexampleitmaysaythatdentistsrecommendFlashtoothpasteoritmaydeclarethatWoofdogfoodcontainsaspecialvitamin-richingredientknownasK-9oritmayreportthatlaboratorytestsshowthatR.I.P.cigarettescontainfewerharmfulingredientsthanotherbrands.Insellingaproductthetruthofadvertisingmaybelessimportantthantheappearanceoftruth.Ascientificapproachgivestheappearanceoftruth. Anothertypeofadvertisementtriestoamusethepotentialbuyer.Productsthatareessentiallyboringsuchascleaningpowderorinsecticideareoftenadvertisedinanamusingmanner.Onewayofdoingthisistomaketheproductsappearalive.Theadvertisermaydrawlittlecartooneyesarmsandlegsonthecansofcleaningpowderandhavetheresultingfiguresscrubthesink.Adsofthissortaresillybutadvertisersbelievethatconsumersarelikelytorememberandbuytheproductsthattheconsumersassociatewithfun. Associatingtheproductwithsomethingpleasantisthetechniqueofthethirdtypeofappeal.Inthisclassareadsthatsuggestthattheproductwillsatisfysomebasichumandesires.Onesuchdesireisthewishtobeadmiredbyotherpeople.Manyautomobileadvertisementsareinthiscategory.Theyimplythatotherpeoplewilladmireyou--mayevenbejealous--whentheyseeyoudrivingthehotnewAardvarkcar.Thiskindofappealissometimesstrengthenedbyhiringafamouspersontoendorsetheproduct.Seeingthefamouspersontheconsumerissupposedtoreasonthus:EveryoneadmiresJudsonSmiththegreatfootballstar.JudsonSmithusedBuckworthyBanktraveler’’schecks.ThereforeifIuseBuckworthyBanktraveler’’scheckseveryonewilladmiremetoo.Someotherbasicdesiresthatadscommonlytrytoappealtoarethedesiresforsocialacceptancefinancialsecurityandsoon. OneonlyneedstolookthroughamagazineorwatchanhourofTVinordertoseeexamplesofthesethreedifferentadvertisingstrategies. Wecaninferfromthetextthat
Inacompetitiveeconomytheconsumerusuallyhasthechoiceofseveraldifferentbrandsofthesameproduct.Yetunderneaththeirlabelstheseproductsareoftennearlyidentical.Onemanufacturer’’stoothpastetendstodifferverylittlefromanothermanufacturer’’s.Twodifferentbrandsofshampoomayvaryonlyinscentorcolor.Andthetobaccointwodifferentbrandsofcigarettesfrequentlycomesfromthesamefields.Thisclosesimilaritymeansthatashopperoftenhaslittlereasontochooseonebrandoveranother.Thusmanufacturersareconfrontedwithaproblem--howtokeepsaleshighenoughtostayinbusiness.Manufacturerssolvethisproblembyadvertising.Throughadvertisingeachmanufacturingcompanytriestoconvinceconsumersthatitsproductisspecial.Todothisthecompaniestrytoappealtoconsumersinvariousways.Infactadvertisementsmaybeclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtothekindofappealstheyuse. Onetypeofadvertisementtriestoappealtotheconsumer’’sreasoningmind.Itmayofferaclaimthatseemsscientific.ForexampleitmaysaythatdentistsrecommendFlashtoothpasteoritmaydeclarethatWoofdogfoodcontainsaspecialvitamin-richingredientknownasK-9oritmayreportthatlaboratorytestsshowthatR.I.P.cigarettescontainfewerharmfulingredientsthanotherbrands.Insellingaproductthetruthofadvertisingmaybelessimportantthantheappearanceoftruth.Ascientificapproachgivestheappearanceoftruth. Anothertypeofadvertisementtriestoamusethepotentialbuyer.Productsthatareessentiallyboringsuchascleaningpowderorinsecticideareoftenadvertisedinanamusingmanner.Onewayofdoingthisistomaketheproductsappearalive.Theadvertisermaydrawlittlecartooneyesarmsandlegsonthecansofcleaningpowderandhavetheresultingfiguresscrubthesink.Adsofthissortaresillybutadvertisersbelievethatconsumersarelikelytorememberandbuytheproductsthattheconsumersassociatewithfun. Associatingtheproductwithsomethingpleasantisthetechniqueofthethirdtypeofappeal.Inthisclassareadsthatsuggestthattheproductwillsatisfysomebasichumandesires.Onesuchdesireisthewishtobeadmiredbyotherpeople.Manyautomobileadvertisementsareinthiscategory.Theyimplythatotherpeoplewilladmireyou--mayevenbejealous--whentheyseeyoudrivingthehotnewAardvarkcar.Thiskindofappealissometimesstrengthenedbyhiringafamouspersontoendorsetheproduct.Seeingthefamouspersontheconsumerissupposedtoreasonthus:EveryoneadmiresJudsonSmiththegreatfootballstar.JudsonSmithusedBuckworthyBanktraveler’’schecks.ThereforeifIuseBuckworthyBanktraveler’’scheckseveryonewilladmiremetoo.Someotherbasicdesiresthatadscommonlytrytoappealtoarethedesiresforsocialacceptancefinancialsecurityandsoon. OneonlyneedstolookthroughamagazineorwatchanhourofTVinordertoseeexamplesofthesethreedifferentadvertisingstrategies. Manufacturerstaketoadvertisingprimarily
Inacompetitiveeconomytheconsumerusuallyhasthechoiceofseveraldifferentbrandsofthesameproduct.Yetunderneaththeirlabelstheseproductsareoftennearlyidentical.Onemanufacturer’’stoothpastetendstodifferverylittlefromanothermanufacturer’’s.Twodifferentbrandsofshampoomayvaryonlyinscentorcolor.Andthetobaccointwodifferentbrandsofcigarettesfrequentlycomesfromthesamefields.Thisclosesimilaritymeansthatashopperoftenhaslittlereasontochooseonebrandoveranother.Thusmanufacturersareconfrontedwithaproblem--howtokeepsaleshighenoughtostayinbusiness.Manufacturerssolvethisproblembyadvertising.Throughadvertisingeachmanufacturingcompanytriestoconvinceconsumersthatitsproductisspecial.Todothisthecompaniestrytoappealtoconsumersinvariousways.Infactadvertisementsmaybeclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtothekindofappealstheyuse. Onetypeofadvertisementtriestoappealtotheconsumer’’sreasoningmind.Itmayofferaclaimthatseemsscientific.ForexampleitmaysaythatdentistsrecommendFlashtoothpasteoritmaydeclarethatWoofdogfoodcontainsaspecialvitamin-richingredientknownasK-9oritmayreportthatlaboratorytestsshowthatR.I.P.cigarettescontainfewerharmfulingredientsthanotherbrands.Insellingaproductthetruthofadvertisingmaybelessimportantthantheappearanceoftruth.Ascientificapproachgivestheappearanceoftruth. Anothertypeofadvertisementtriestoamusethepotentialbuyer.Productsthatareessentiallyboringsuchascleaningpowderorinsecticideareoftenadvertisedinanamusingmanner.Onewayofdoingthisistomaketheproductsappearalive.Theadvertisermaydrawlittlecartooneyesarmsandlegsonthecansofcleaningpowderandhavetheresultingfiguresscrubthesink.Adsofthissortaresillybutadvertisersbelievethatconsumersarelikelytorememberandbuytheproductsthattheconsumersassociatewithfun. Associatingtheproductwithsomethingpleasantisthetechniqueofthethirdtypeofappeal.Inthisclassareadsthatsuggestthattheproductwillsatisfysomebasichumandesires.Onesuchdesireisthewishtobeadmiredbyotherpeople.Manyautomobileadvertisementsareinthiscategory.Theyimplythatotherpeoplewilladmireyou--mayevenbejealous--whentheyseeyoudrivingthehotnewAardvarkcar.Thiskindofappealissometimesstrengthenedbyhiringafamouspersontoendorsetheproduct.Seeingthefamouspersontheconsumerissupposedtoreasonthus:EveryoneadmiresJudsonSmiththegreatfootballstar.JudsonSmithusedBuckworthyBanktraveler’’schecks.ThereforeifIuseBuckworthyBanktraveler’’scheckseveryonewilladmiremetoo.Someotherbasicdesiresthatadscommonlytrytoappealtoarethedesiresforsocialacceptancefinancialsecurityandsoon. OneonlyneedstolookthroughamagazineorwatchanhourofTVinordertoseeexamplesofthesethreedifferentadvertisingstrategies. Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe
TheSupremeCourt’’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering. Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffectacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects―agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen―ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect. Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyiiipatients’’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient. NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswhountilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath. GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.It’’slikesurgeryhesays.Wedon’’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatients’’suicideaslongasyoudon’’tintendtheirsuicide. Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying. JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdyingasthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare. TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospicestotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife. Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysufferingtotheextentthatitconstitutessystematicpatientabuse.Hesaysmedicallicensingboardsmustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension. Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat
TheSupremeCourt’’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering. Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffectacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects―agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen―ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect. Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyiiipatients’’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient. NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswhountilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath. GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.It’’slikesurgeryhesays.Wedon’’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatients’’suicideaslongasyoudon’’tintendtheirsuicide. Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying. JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdyingasthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare. TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospicestotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife. Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysufferingtotheextentthatitconstitutessystematicpatientabuse.Hesaysmedicallicensingboardsmustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension. AccordingtotheNAS’’sreportoneoftheproblemsinend-of-tirecareis
行为人以假报出口或者其他欺骗手段骗取国家出口退税款数额较大的构成
YouborrowedsomerecentissuesofU.S.businessmagazinefromyourprofessoramonthagobutdelayedreturningthem.Writealetterofapologytoyourprofessorstatingyourreasonsforthedelayandexpressingyourthanks. Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Alargeproportionofthestudiesofbehaviorusedanimalsassubjectsespeciallypigeonsratsandrabbits.Thereareanumberofreasonswhyresearchersinthisfieldfrequentlychoosetoconducttheirexperimentswithnonhumansubjects.Firstofallthepossibilityofaplaceboeffectisminimizedwithanimalsubjects.46Whereasahumansubject’’sbehaviormaybedrasticallyalteredbytheknowledgethatheorsheisbeingobservedthisisunlikelywithanimalsubjectsbecausemoststudieswithanimalsubjectsareconductedinsuchawaythattheanimaldoesnotknowitsbehaviorisbeingmonitoredandrecorded.Furthermoreitisunlikelythatananimalsubjectwillbemotivatedeithertopleaseordispleasetheexperimenteramotivethatcanruinastudywithhumansubjects.Asecondreasonforusinganimalsubjectsisconvenience.Thespeciesmostcommonlyusedassubjectsareeasyandinexpensivetocareforandanimalsofaspecificageandsexcanbeobtainedinanyquantitiestheexperimenterneeds.47Onceanimalsubjectsareobtainedtheirparticipationisasregularastheexperimenter’’s--animalsubjectsneverfailtoshowupfortheirappointmentswhichisunfortunatelynotthecasewithhumansubjects. 48Probablythebiggestadvantageofdomesticatedanimalsubjectsisthattheirenvironmentcanbecontrolledtoamuchgreaterextentthanispossiblewitheitherwildanimalsorhumansubjects.Thisisespeciallyimportantinexperimentsonlearningwherepreviousexperiencecanhavealargeeffectonasubject’’sperformanceinanewlearningsituation.Likewiseifahumansubjecttriestosolvesomemysteryaspartofalearningexperimenttheexperimentercannotbesurehowmanysimilarproblemsthesubjecthasencounteredinhislifetime.49Whenanimalsarebredandraisedinthelaboratoryhowevertheirenvironmentscanbeconstructedtomakesurethattheyhavenocontactwithobjectsoreventssimilartothosetheywillencounterintheexperiment. Afinalreasonforusinganimalsubjectsisthatofcomparativesimplicity.50JustasachildtryingtolearnelectricityisbetteroffstartingwithaflashlightthanaradioresearchersmayhaveabetterchanceofdiscoveringthebasicprinciplesoflearningbyexaminingcreaturesthatarelessintelligentandlesscomplexthanhumanbeingsTheassumptionhereisthatalthoughhumanbeingsdifferfromotheranimalsinsomerespectstheyarealsosimilarinsomerespectsanditisthesecommonalitiesthatcanbeinvestigatedwithanimalsubjects.
Alargeproportionofthestudiesofbehaviorusedanimalsassubjectsespeciallypigeonsratsandrabbits.Thereareanumberofreasonswhyresearchersinthisfieldfrequentlychoosetoconducttheirexperimentswithnonhumansubjects.Firstofallthepossibilityofaplaceboeffectisminimizedwithanimalsubjects.46Whereasahumansubject’’sbehaviormaybedrasticallyalteredbytheknowledgethatheorsheisbeingobservedthisisunlikelywithanimalsubjectsbecausemoststudieswithanimalsubjectsareconductedinsuchawaythattheanimaldoesnotknowitsbehaviorisbeingmonitoredandrecorded.Furthermoreitisunlikelythatananimalsubjectwillbemotivatedeithertopleaseordispleasetheexperimenteramotivethatcanruinastudywithhumansubjects.Asecondreasonforusinganimalsubjectsisconvenience.Thespeciesmostcommonlyusedassubjectsareeasyandinexpensivetocareforandanimalsofaspecificageandsexcanbeobtainedinanyquantitiestheexperimenterneeds.47Onceanimalsubjectsareobtainedtheirparticipationisasregularastheexperimenter’’s--animalsubjectsneverfailtoshowupfortheirappointmentswhichisunfortunatelynotthecasewithhumansubjects. 48Probablythebiggestadvantageofdomesticatedanimalsubjectsisthattheirenvironmentcanbecontrolledtoamuchgreaterextentthanispossiblewitheitherwildanimalsorhumansubjects.Thisisespeciallyimportantinexperimentsonlearningwherepreviousexperiencecanhavealargeeffectonasubject’’sperformanceinanewlearningsituation.Likewiseifahumansubjecttriestosolvesomemysteryaspartofalearningexperimenttheexperimentercannotbesurehowmanysimilarproblemsthesubjecthasencounteredinhislifetime.49Whenanimalsarebredandraisedinthelaboratoryhowevertheirenvironmentscanbeconstructedtomakesurethattheyhavenocontactwithobjectsoreventssimilartothosetheywillencounterintheexperiment. Afinalreasonforusinganimalsubjectsisthatofcomparativesimplicity.50JustasachildtryingtolearnelectricityisbetteroffstartingwithaflashlightthanaradioresearchersmayhaveabetterchanceofdiscoveringthebasicprinciplesoflearningbyexaminingcreaturesthatarelessintelligentandlesscomplexthanhumanbeingsTheassumptionhereisthatalthoughhumanbeingsdifferfromotheranimalsinsomerespectstheyarealsosimilarinsomerespectsanditisthesecommonalitiesthatcanbeinvestigatedwithanimalsubjects.
HuntingforajoblatelastyearlawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilderajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’’spersonalsearchagent.It’’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocationtitleandsalarythenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.RedmonchosethekeywordslegalintellectualpropertyandWashingtonD.C.Threeweekslaterhegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.IstruckgoldsaysRedmonwhoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany. Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternetfindingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmoncareerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteriaforexamplemayworkagainstyou:Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibilitysaysoneexpert. Foranyjobsearchyoushouldstartwithanarrowconceptwhatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.Noneoftheseprogramsdothatsaysanotherexpert.There’’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.Insteadthebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mailconsideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestmesaystheauthorofajob-searchingguide. Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsserviceforexampleitincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.OnthedayafterwesendourmessagesweseeasharpincreaseinourtrafficsaysSethPeetsvicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite. Eventhosewhoaren’’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoannthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.AlthoughhappilyemployedRedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.Youalwayskeepyoureyesopenhesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou. WhydoesCareerSite’’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions
Science-fictionmoviescanserveasmythsaboutthefutureandthusgivesomeassuranceaboutit.Whetherthefilmis2001orStarWarssuchmoviestellaboutprogressthatwillexpandman’’spowersandhisexperiencesbeyondanythingnowbelievedpossiblewhiletheyassureusthatalltheseadvanceswillnotwipeoutmanorlifeaswenowknowit.Thusonegreatanxietyaboutthefuture--thatitwillhavenoplaceforusaswenoware--isalleviatedbysuchmyths.Theyalsopromisethateveninthemostdistantfutureanddespitetheprogressthatwillhaveoccurredinthematerialworldman’’sbasicconcernswillbethesameandthestruggleofgoodagainstevil--thecentralmoralproblemofourtime--willnothavelostitsimportance. Pastandfuturearethelastingdimensionsofourlives:thepresentisbutabriefmoment.Sothesevisionsaboutthefuturealsocontainourpast;inStarWarsbattlesarefoughtaroundissuesthatalsomotivatedmaninthepast.Thusanyvisionaboutthefutureisreallybasedonvisionsofthepastbecausethatisallwecanknowforcertain. AsourreligiousmythsaboutthefutureneverwentbeyondJudgmentDaysoourmodernmythsaboutthefuturecannotgobeyondthesearchforlife’’sdeepermeaning.Thereasonisthatonlyaslongasthechoicebetweengoodandevilremainsman’’ssuprememoralproblemdoesliferetainthatspecialdignitythatderivesfromourabilitytochoosebetweenthetwo.Aworldinwhichthisconflicthasbeenpermanentlyresolvedeliminatesmanasweknowhim.Itmightbeauniversepeopledbyangelsbutithasnoplaceforman. Themovingpictureisavisualartbasedonsight.Speakingtoourvisionitoughttoprovideuswiththevisionsenablingustolivethegoodlife;itoughttogiveusinsightintoourselves.AboutahundredyearsagoTolstoywroteArtisahumanactivityhavingforitspurposethetransmissiontoothersofthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen.LaterRobertFrostdefinedpoetryasbeginningindelightandendinginwisdom.Thusitmightbesaidthatthestateoftheartofthemovingimagecanbeassessedbythedegreetowhichitmeetsthemythopoetictaskofgivingusmythssuitabletolivebyinourtime--visionsthattransmittousthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen--andbyhowwellthemovingimagesgiveusthatdelightwhichleadstowisdom.LetushopethattheartofthemovingimagethismostgenuineAmericanartwillsoonmeetthechallengeofbecomingtrulythegreatartofourage. ThemoviessuchasStarWars
TheSupremeCourt’’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering. Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffectacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects―agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen―ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect. Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyiiipatients’’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient. NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswhountilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath. GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.It’’slikesurgeryhesays.Wedon’’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatients’’suicideaslongasyoudon’’tintendtheirsuicide. Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying. JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdyingasthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare. TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospicestotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife. Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysufferingtotheextentthatitconstitutessystematicpatientabuse.Hesaysmedicallicensingboardsmustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension. GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-calledbreakthroughsmakegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7. 8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect. However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology.
HuntingforajoblatelastyearlawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilderajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’’spersonalsearchagent.It’’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocationtitleandsalarythenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.RedmonchosethekeywordslegalintellectualpropertyandWashingtonD.C.Threeweekslaterhegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.IstruckgoldsaysRedmonwhoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany. Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternetfindingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmoncareerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteriaforexamplemayworkagainstyou:Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibilitysaysoneexpert. Foranyjobsearchyoushouldstartwithanarrowconceptwhatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.Noneoftheseprogramsdothatsaysanotherexpert.There’’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.Insteadthebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mailconsideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestmesaystheauthorofajob-searchingguide. Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsserviceforexampleitincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.OnthedayafterwesendourmessagesweseeasharpincreaseinourtrafficsaysSethPeetsvicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite. Eventhosewhoaren’’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoannthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.AlthoughhappilyemployedRedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.Youalwayskeepyoureyesopenhesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou. Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents
Science-fictionmoviescanserveasmythsaboutthefutureandthusgivesomeassuranceaboutit.Whetherthefilmis2001orStarWarssuchmoviestellaboutprogressthatwillexpandman’’spowersandhisexperiencesbeyondanythingnowbelievedpossiblewhiletheyassureusthatalltheseadvanceswillnotwipeoutmanorlifeaswenowknowit.Thusonegreatanxietyaboutthefuture--thatitwillhavenoplaceforusaswenoware--isalleviatedbysuchmyths.Theyalsopromisethateveninthemostdistantfutureanddespitetheprogressthatwillhaveoccurredinthematerialworldman’’sbasicconcernswillbethesameandthestruggleofgoodagainstevil--thecentralmoralproblemofourtime--willnothavelostitsimportance. Pastandfuturearethelastingdimensionsofourlives:thepresentisbutabriefmoment.Sothesevisionsaboutthefuturealsocontainourpast;inStarWarsbattlesarefoughtaroundissuesthatalsomotivatedmaninthepast.Thusanyvisionaboutthefutureisreallybasedonvisionsofthepastbecausethatisallwecanknowforcertain. AsourreligiousmythsaboutthefutureneverwentbeyondJudgmentDaysoourmodernmythsaboutthefuturecannotgobeyondthesearchforlife’’sdeepermeaning.Thereasonisthatonlyaslongasthechoicebetweengoodandevilremainsman’’ssuprememoralproblemdoesliferetainthatspecialdignitythatderivesfromourabilitytochoosebetweenthetwo.Aworldinwhichthisconflicthasbeenpermanentlyresolvedeliminatesmanasweknowhim.Itmightbeauniversepeopledbyangelsbutithasnoplaceforman. Themovingpictureisavisualartbasedonsight.Speakingtoourvisionitoughttoprovideuswiththevisionsenablingustolivethegoodlife;itoughttogiveusinsightintoourselves.AboutahundredyearsagoTolstoywroteArtisahumanactivityhavingforitspurposethetransmissiontoothersofthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen.LaterRobertFrostdefinedpoetryasbeginningindelightandendinginwisdom.Thusitmightbesaidthatthestateoftheartofthemovingimagecanbeassessedbythedegreetowhichitmeetsthemythopoetictaskofgivingusmythssuitabletolivebyinourtime--visionsthattransmittousthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen--andbyhowwellthemovingimagesgiveusthatdelightwhichleadstowisdom.LetushopethattheartofthemovingimagethismostgenuineAmericanartwillsoonmeetthechallengeofbecomingtrulythegreatartofourage. Inscience-fictionmoviesmancanfind
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