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患者女63岁消渴病史3年口渴多饮口干便燥久咳肺 燥腰膝酸软倦怠乏力证属肺肾两虚气阴两虚宜选用的药物是
枸杞子
麦冬
石斛
玉竹
黄精
患者女60岁消渴病史5年口渴多饮口干便燥久咳肺 燥腰膝酸软倦怠乏力证属肺肾两虚气阴两虚宜选用的药物是
枸杞子
麦冬
石斛
玉竹
黄精
用于治肺虚久咳痰少咽燥之症宜选
紫菀
川贝母
陈皮
黄芩
半夏
风寒咳喘或痰饮咳嗽冬花宜肺虚久咳或阴虚燥咳应
关于止咳平喘药的选择用药正确的有
肺热肺火咳喘，选用马兜铃、枇杷叶
邪实壅肺咳喘实证，选用桑白皮、葶苈子
肺燥久咳，选用紫菀、款冬花
肺虚久咳，选用白果、诃子
肺气上逆咳喘，选用苏子、苦杏仁
用治肺虚久咳痰少咽燥之症宜选
川贝母
陈皮
紫菀
黄芩
半夏
肺虚久咳痰少咽燥之证可选用
川贝母
浙贝母
瓜蒌
前胡
竹茹
关于止咳平喘药的选择用药应该是
肺热肺火咳喘选用马兜铃,枇杷叶
邪实壅肺的咳喘实证选用桑白皮,葶苈子
肺燥久咳选用紫苑,款冬花
肺虚久咳选用白果
肺气上逆咳喘选用苏子,苦杏仁
关于止咳平喘药的选择用药应该是
肺热肺火咳喘选用马兜铃、枇杷叶
邪实壅肺的咳喘实证选用桑白皮、葶苈子
肺燥久咳选用紫菀、款冬花
肺虚久咳选用白果
肺气上逆咳喘选用苏子、苦杏仁
关于止咳平喘药的选择用药正确的是
肺热肺火咳喘选用马兜铃、枇杷叶
邪实壅肺的咳喘实证选用桑白皮、葶苈子
肺燥久咳选用紫菀、款冬花
肺虚久咳选用白果、诃子
肺气上逆咳喘选用苏子、苦杏仁
用治肺虚久咳痰少咽燥之证宜选用的药物是
浙贝母
川贝母
陈皮
黄芩
牛蒡子
关于止咳平喘药的选择用药正确的有
肺热肺火咳喘选用马兜铃、枇杷叶
邪实壅肺的咳喘实证选用桑白皮、葶苈子
肺燥久咳选用紫菀、款冬花
肺虚久咳选用白果、诃子
肺气上逆咳喘选用苏子、苦杏仁
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Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Itisgenerallybelievedthatthedigitaldivideissomething
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutthepresentsituation
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Text2TheEuropeanUnion’sBarcelonasummitwhichendedonMarch16thwasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalisation"demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.IfnothingelsethedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationinEurope--themeeting’smaintopic--presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"socialEurope"theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.InthisclimateofpublicopinionitisnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.ThetotemicissuewasopeningupEurope’senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathome{oritsstate-ownednationalchampionElectricitedeFranceEDF.AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcludedthatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysupplierswhichshouldaccountfor"atleast"600%ofthemarket.SinceEurope’senergymarketisworth350billion$309Billionayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusinessthisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFtokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.InotherareasespeciallytodowithEurope’stoughlabormarketstheEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboreetheEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdidunusuallyvoteagainstthemeasure--ablatantpieceofre-regulation--butthesocialaffairscommissionerAnnaDiamantopoulouwasunrepentantindeedtriumphant.Adissatsifiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthedirective"anabsolutedisaster".Thesummit’sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.Europe’sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessestoinvestmoreinresearchNobodyseemstoknow.AndtheonebigresearchprojectagreedonatBarcelonatheGalileosatellite-positioningsystemwhichissupposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoneyisofdubiouscommercialvaluesincetheEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans’GPAsystem.EdwardBannermanheadofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReformaBlairitethink-tankcallsGalileo"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace." Whatistheattitudeoftheminorityofcommissionerstowardsthere-regulationofEurope'sjobmarket
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 45
亡阳证的汗出特点是
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. ByterroristriskbecamethepariahofperilsParagraph1theauthormeans
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
寒证的面色可见
血证中首选龙胆泻肝汤治疗的病证有
失神患者的临床表现有
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 41
麟下列选项中既能祛风湿又能强筋骨的药物有
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text4Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.ConsiderthesharpreboundofsuchonlineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11terroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%0intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinonlinetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheonlineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyonline.Atthesametimeonlineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocity.ComInc.andExpediaIncarelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcost-cuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheonlinestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S.ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandonlineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterserviceandbetterdealsonline. Whobenefitedthemostfromthecompetitionamongtravelagencies
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. Whenmentioning$50mperairlineper'event'Paragraph1thewriteristalkingabout
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Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Theauthorseemstobelievethatwidenedwagegapcanbeattributedto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Text2TheEuropeanUnion’sBarcelonasummitwhichendedonMarch16thwasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalisation"demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.IfnothingelsethedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationinEurope--themeeting’smaintopic--presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"socialEurope"theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.InthisclimateofpublicopinionitisnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.ThetotemicissuewasopeningupEurope’senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathome{oritsstate-ownednationalchampionElectricitedeFranceEDF.AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcludedthatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysupplierswhichshouldaccountfor"atleast"600%ofthemarket.SinceEurope’senergymarketisworth350billion$309Billionayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusinessthisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFtokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.InotherareasespeciallytodowithEurope’stoughlabormarketstheEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboreetheEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdidunusuallyvoteagainstthemeasure--ablatantpieceofre-regulation--butthesocialaffairscommissionerAnnaDiamantopoulouwasunrepentantindeedtriumphant.Adissatsifiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthedirective"anabsolutedisaster".Thesummit’sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.Europe’sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessestoinvestmoreinresearchNobodyseemstoknow.AndtheonebigresearchprojectagreedonatBarcelonatheGalileosatellite-positioningsystemwhichissupposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoneyisofdubiouscommercialvaluesincetheEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans’GPAsystem.EdwardBannermanheadofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReformaBlairitethink-tankcallsGalileo"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace." WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text4Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.ConsiderthesharpreboundofsuchonlineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11terroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%0intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinonlinetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheonlineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyonline.Atthesametimeonlineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocity.ComInc.andExpediaIncarelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcost-cuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheonlinestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S.ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandonlineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterserviceandbetterdealsonline. ThewordbullishParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsThediscoverylastweekofpossibleevidenceoflifeonMarshaselectrifieddebateoverwhethertheuniverseisabarrenvoidoranurserypregnantwithlife.Scientistswhohavecomestunninglyclosetorepeatinggenesisortheoriginoflifeinatesttubesaythebuildingblocksforlifeexisteverywhere.Thechallengeisputtingthemtogether.46"Theoriginoflifeisarelativelyeasyconceptandthere’sawidevarietyofconditionsunderwhichitwilltakeplace"saidlateStanleyMilleraprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaandapioneerinthefield."PerhapstheremarkablethingisthateventhoughMarsisnotafavorableenvironmenttheoriginoflifetookplace."Astronomershavefoundthatthesamegasespresentinoursolarsystemarepresentthroughouttheuniverse.47EffortstomakemicroscopiclifefromthesebasicelementsonEarthsuggeststhechanceoflifearisingundersimilarcircumstancesisthesameeverywheresaychemistsbiologistsandotherexperts."Itseemsfairlylikelythatlifesimilartooursifthereiswateravailable’"wouldevolveinotherenvironmentsinourgalaxyorouruniverse"saidJamesFerrisaleadingresearcherandeditorofthejournal"OriginsofLifeandEvolutionoftheBiosphere."Underlyingmuchoftheresearchisthequestion..WasthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthuniqueordidtheuniverse’schemicalelementsnaturallyevolveintolife48Theanswerappearstobethatatleastthechemicalreactionsthatsetthestageforearlylifewouldbesimilareverywherebutresultantlivingorganismswoulddifferbecauseofthegeneticmutationsinevolution."Ifyou’vegotthesamestartingmaterialsandthesameconditionsyou’regoingtogettheamecompoundsthat’sforsure"Millersaid."Therealquestioniswhetherornottherearechanceelementsintheformationoflife."49Ina1953experimentMillermixedbasicgasesapproximatingtheEarth’searlyatmospherewithanelectricchargeinsideaglasschamberandproducedaminoacidsaprimitivebuildingblockoflife.Hethensuggestedthatlifewasanaturalevolution.Itseemedthatsciencewasonthevergeofconjuringupcreationsinthelaboratorybutthenext43yearsweretopresentunexpectedchallenges.50"Makingtheaminoacidsmadeitseemliketherestofthestepswouldbeveryeasy;it’sturnedouttobemoredifficultthanIthoughtitwouldbe"Millersaidinaninterview. EffortstomakemicroscopiclifefromthesebasicelementsonEarthsuggeststhechanceoflifearisingundersimilarcircumstancesisthesameeverywheresaychemistsbiologistsandotherexperts.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextis
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