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ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. InarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnologicalliteracytheirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetbacksaidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.
马克思揭示的货币必要量规律的理论基础是
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. getupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution
CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafés.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop北tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes"saidGarreau"Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity. ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEurope.
按账页格式分类会计账簿可以分为______
中央银行增加黄金外汇储备货币供应量
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. MeasuringhowwellstudentscansortthegoodthebadontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff.
DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. EthanSimsmadehissubjects.
TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold.WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. whatreallyyouwithdespair
DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. WhatdidJulesHirschdototheeightfatpeopleinhisstudy
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. Forusit’severydaylifesaidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.
CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafés.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop北tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes"saidGarreau"Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity. WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat
CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafés.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop北tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes"saidGarreau"Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity. ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethat.
FoodforLearningInEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. TheEritreangovernmentisofferingextrafoodtogirlsinschoolinorderto.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;
投资和信贷相结合的租赁形式是
TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold.WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. Thewordbanditsinparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby.
TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold.WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. ThebodyoftheIcemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause.
FoodforLearningInEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. Thenewliteracyprogramsareanexampleof.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduse
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom.
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