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According to sociologists（社会学家）, every modern industrial society has some form of social stratifica...
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社会均衡论的主要代表是意大利社会学家和美国社会学家帕森斯等
社会控制这个词是由首次提出来的
法国社会学家素罗金
美国社会学家汤恩比
美国社会学家罗斯
英国社会学家摩尔根
1908年分别出版了社会心理学专著标志着社会心理学作为一门独立学科的诞生
心理学家冯特
社会学家罗斯
社会学家勒温
心理学家麦独孤
社会控制作为社会学的概念最早由美国社会学家提出
是德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯提出
科层制是德国社会学家提出
zōng jiāo 社会学这一术语最早于1898年法国社会学家提出
核心——边陲论是社会学家提出的
行为科学的正式名称是在1949年美国芝加哥大学一次跨学科会议上由提出
社会学家
生物学家
社会学家和生物学家共同
心理学家
现代结构功能主义的主要代表人物是塔尔科特·帕森斯
英国社会学家
德国社会学家
美国社会学家
法国社会学家
认为社会组织是法人团体是一个用规章制度限制外人进入的封闭式团体的是
美国社会学家爱桑尼
美国学者巴纳德
美国社会学家斯格特
德国社会学家韦伯
生物起源论的提出者是法国社会学家哲学家
是严复翻译英国早期社会学家斯宾塞的社会学原理的一个绪论部分
国内社会学家代表性的观点
国外社会学家代表性的观点
社会均衡论的主要代表是意大利社会学家和美国社会学家
早期社会学家怎样从社会生物因素从事研究的
社会控制最早由谁提出的
美国社会学家罗斯
美国社会学家米尔斯
美国数学家维纳
美国社会学家帕森斯
1876年在耶稣大学讲授社会学课程标志着美国社会学诞生的社会学家是
首次将社区一词用于社会学研究的是德国社会学家
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Diseasepovertyhatelove－CharlesDickens’storiesopenedhisreaderseyestothemostimportantthemesofhisagE.Twohundredyearsonstoriesstillspeakvolumes含义很深acrosstheworldprovingthatDickens’legacy遗产wasfargreaterthanjustgreat-literature.February7marksthe200thanniversaryofthewriter’sbirthday.TomarkthisdateBBCwriterAlexHudsonlistedsixthingsDickensgavethemodernworlD.Let’stakealookattwoofthem.AWhiteChristmasDickensisdescribedasthemanwhoinventedChristmas－notthereligiousfestivalbuttheculturalaspectsthatweassociatewiththefestiveseasontoday.Intheearly19thcenturyChristmaswasbarelyworthmentioningaccordingtocriticandwriterLeighHunt.ThecommitteewhichrantheConservativePartyevenheldordinarybusinessmeetingsonChristmasDay－unthinkableintheWestnowadayswheneveryonebutthemostnecessaryworkerstakesatleastthreedaysoff.ManypeoplebelievethatDickens’populardescriptionsofthefestiveperiodbecameablueprintforgenerationstocomE.InhisclassicnovelAChristmasCarolhenotonlyputforwardtheideaofsnowatChristmasbutalsopaintedapictureofglowingwarmth－homeenjoymentsaffectionsandhopes.InhisbiographyofDickensPeterAckroydwrote:Dickenscanbesaidtohavealmostsingle-handedlycreatedthemodernideaofChristmas.DickenspovertyDickenswasoneofthefirsttotakeanhonestlookattheunderclassandthepoorofVictorianLondon.Hehelpedpopularizethetermredtapetodescribesituationswherepeopleinpoweruseamountsofbureaucracy官僚作风inawaythatparticularlyhurtstheweakerandpoorermembersofsociety.Dickensianhasnowbecomeapowerfulwordfordescribinganunacceptablelevelofpoverty.In2009whenthepresidentoftheAssociationofTeachersandLecturersintheUKwantedtotalkaboutpovertyinsomeareasofBritainshedidnotusewordsliketerribleorhorrificbutratherdescribeditaslifemirroringthetimesofDickens.68.Thearticleismainlyabout.A.abriefintroductiontoCharlesDickensB.thecharactersinCharlesDickens’storiesC.CharlesDickens’impactontheworldD.CharlesDickens’achievementsinliterature69.WhyisDickenscalledthemanwhoinventedChristmas?A.Becausehecreatedbothreligiousandculturefestival.B.BecauseoneofhisnovelshelpedtoshapeChristmascelebrations.C.BecausehisnovelshavesomethingtodowithChristmas.D.BecausehewasthefirstmantohavesuggestedcelebratingChristmas.70.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.DickensianiswidelyusedtodescribetheChristmasB.CharlesDickens’novelsreflectthetruelifeathisageC.EverypersoncantakethreedaysoffforChristmasD.ThethemeofCharlesDickens’storiesisaboutpoverty71.Accordingtothepassagethephraseredtaperefersto.A.conflictbetweenpeopleinpowerandweakerpeopleB.regulationsthatarerequiredtofinishataskC.asituationwherepoorpeoplearepunishedD.agreementsmadebytheunderclassofsociety
LondonDeC.17XinhuaDriversonLondonUndergroundtrainshavestartedreadingoutsayingsfromgreatthinkerslikeMahatmaGandhiFrindrichEngelsandAlbertEinsteininabidtocheeruppassengersofficialssaiD.Aswellastheusualannouncementsurgingpassengerstomindthestepsandwarningofdelaysthesayingssuchasanounce盎司ofactionisworthatonoftheoryhavetakentheplaceofcommercialadintheundergroundcarriages.NewYorkOct.8XinhuaOnceasafamousactornowthegovernorofCaliforniaArnoldSchwarzeneggerwantstoabandontextbooksinfavorofdigitalones.HeplanstolaunchthisprograminAugustnextyearwhenCalifornia’shigh-schoolpupilswillhaveaccesstoonlinemathandsciencetext.Butsometeacherswonderwhetherhisideaofgettingridoftextbooksmightendupcostingmorenotlesswithdigitaltextbookgoingfor$300.AmsterdamNov.30XinhuaA.fewcupsofcoffeeadaymaynotonlyhelptoputoffthedisease—dementia痴呆butalsocantreatitaccordingtoDr.Arendashwholedtheresearch.Aftergivingmicewithmemorydamagewatercontainingcaffeinehefoundthemicedevelopedbettermemoriesandquickthinking.ThereasonisthatcaffeineisasafedrugformostpeoplE.Iteasilyentersthebrainanddirectlyaffectsthediseaseprocess.Hesuggestedpeopleshoulddrinkfiveeight–ouncecupsofordinarycoffeetwocupsofstrong‘coffeeshop’coffee14cupsofteaor20coladrinkstogetthesameamountof500milligramsofcaffeinE.55.What’sthepurposeofputtingupsayingsontheundergroundcarriagesinLondon?A.tohelppassengerstokilltimE.B.toencouragepassengerstolearn.C.toliftthespiritsofpassengers.D.tomakemoneyasacommercialaD.56.Whatcanweconcludefromthesecondnews?A.digitaltextbookswillreplacetraditionaltextbooks.B.onlinemathisalreadyavailabletohigh-schoolpupils.C.digitaltextbooksareconvenienttocarryanywherE.D.Notalltheteacherssupporttheirgovernor’sideA.57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruefromthethirdnews?A.ThemorecoffeeyoudrinkthelesschancetherewillbefordementiA.B.CaffeinecanmakemicebecomemoreandmoreintelligentandenergetiC.C.Caffeinecanaffecttheprocessofthedisease—dementiaandtreatit.D.Caffeineisasafedrugforallthepeopleforeverydayusesoenjoyit.
DetailsofthelatestJamesBondfilmSkyfallhavebeenshowntothepubliC.Itcomes50yearstothedayafteractorSeanConneryfirstplayedBond—thesuperspyinDrNo.ThenewfilmknownatthemomentonlyasBond23willbethethirdtostarDanielCraigasthesecretagent特工.OthernamesinthecastincludeAlbertFinneyJavierBardemandRalphFiennes.Britishfilm-makerSamMendeswhowonanOscarforAmericanBeautywilldirectthelatestadventurE.AjayChowdhuryfromtheJamesBondInternationalFanClubsaidDanielCraig’sthirdtimeas007hasbeenlookedforwardtobyBondfansaroundtheworlD.Thefanshavebeenmadetowaitextralongforthisfilmsincetheglobaleconomiccrisis经济危机delayedthefilmforsometimE.Mendeshasanunusualwayofdirectingandwiththeactinggiftandtheprecedent先例setbytheprevioustwofilmsinwhichCraigplayedBondSkyfallpromisesaBondfilmwheretheskymaynotbethelimit.Itisreportedthatthefilmwillsend007toSouthAfricaandIndiatohuntforacriminal犯罪的organization.OtherreportedlocationsforfilmingincludeDuntruneCastlenearLochgilpheadinArgyllScotlandwhichisbelievedtobethespy’shomE.ThefilmissettobereleasedintheUKthisOctober.Craig’sperformanceasBondgavenewlifetothefilmseriesleadingtothehighestever007boxoffice票房takingsof￡367millionforhisroleinCasinoRoyalein2006.QuantumofSolacethemostrecentfilmintheseriesreleasedin2008made￡353million.67.AccordingtothetextwhowillplayBondinfilmSkyfall?A.AlbertFinney.B.SeanConnery.C.DanielCraig.D.SamMendes.68.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Bondfirstappearedonthescreenabout50yearsago.B.Skyfallwillbethelastfilmofthe007series.C.SamMendeswonanOscarforAmericanBeauty.D.SkyfallwillbeshotinSouthAfricaandIndiA.69.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?A.Skyfallwillbeagreatfilm.B.SkyfallwillalsobeaBondfilm.C.Skyfallwillbelongerthanthepreviousones.D.Skyfallwillbesetinthesky.70.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ItisthefirsttimethatDanielCraighasplayedBonD.B.ThefilmSkyfallwillbereleasedlaterthanplanneD.C.DanielCraigreceiveslittleattentionfrommoviefans.D.QuantumofSolacehasmadethemostmoneysofar.
WritingarticlesaboutfilmsforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjoB.BeforethenIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsforothernewspapersfilmsforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeatonthefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.HehiredmebutTomwasnotprimarilyajournalistorhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.Atfirsthisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn’trequirespecializedknowledge:booksTVtheatrefilmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcoverthoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociablE.Itallfeltlikeabitofdreamatthattime:anewnewspaperandIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.ItseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmepersonallyandwaspretendingtoemploymE.Suchwasmylackofself-confidencE.Tom’soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodideabutwedidn’tgettogetherasplannedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphonE.ItturnedouttoothatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectareaandsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom’sinitialpushthoughwewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangementbywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypieceusuallyononefilm.ThespaceIamgivenallowsmetobroadenmyargument—orforcesmeinanuninterestingweektomakesomethingoutofnothing.Butwhatismyroleinthepublicarena舞台?Iassumethatpeoplechoosewhatfilmstogotoonthebasisofthestarsthepublicityorthedirector.Soifafilmreviewisn’treallyaconsumerguidewhatisit?Icertainlydon’tfeelIhavearesponsibilitytobe‘right’aboutamoviE.NordoIthinkthereshouldbeacertainnumberof‘great’and‘bad’filmseachyear.AllIhavetodoisputforwardanargument.I’mnotajudgeandnorwouldIwanttobE.43.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatonfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heencouragedthewritertobecomeawriter.B.Hemetthewriterwhenworkingfortelevision.C.HehadworkedinvariousareasofthemediA.D.Hepreferstoemploypeoplethatheknows.44.Theweeklyluncheswereplannedinorderto______.A.helpthewritersgettoknoweachotherB.distributetheworkthathadtobedoneC.provideaninformalinformationsessionD.entertainimportantvisitorsfromthearts45.WhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesaysthatTom’splannevertookoffinParagraph4?A.Tom’splanwasunpopular.B.Tom’splanwastedtoomuchtimE.C.Tom’splanwasn’tplannedproperly.D.Tom’splanwasn’tputintopracticE.46.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhatthewritersaysabouthiswork?A.Hecanfreelyexpresshisopinion.B.Hepreferstowriteaboutfilmshelikes.C.Hissuccessvariesfromyeartoyear.D.Hewritesaccordingtoacceptedrules.
AnyonedrivingbetweenSanFranciscoandLosAngelesrecentlymayhaveseenaToyotaPrius丰田普锐斯withacuriouschimney-likecylinder汽缸ontheroof.Itishardtonoticethatthepersonatthewheelwasnotactuallydriving.ThecarisaprojectofGooglewhichhasbeenworkinginsecretbutinplainviewonvehiclesthatcandrivethemselvesusingartificial-intelligencesoftwarethatcansenseanythingnearthecar.ThecarisneverunmannedtheprojectleaderDr.ThrunwroteonGoogle’scompanyblog.Hesaidadriverwasalwaysbehindthewheeltotakecontrolifsomethingwentwrong.TheunmannedcarsarestillyearsfrommassproductionbuttechnologistswhohavelongdreamedofthembelievethattheycantransformsocietyasgreatlyastheInternethas.Engineersconsiderthecarsaresaferbecausetheyreactfasterthanhumanshaving360-degreeperceptionandnevergettingabsent-mindedsleepyordrunk.Andtheystatethatlivesmaybesavedandinjuriesavoidedasmorethan30000peoplearekilledbycaraccidentsintheUnitedStatesperyear.Theengineerssaythetechnologycoulddoublethecapacityofroadsbyallowingcarstodrivemoresafelywhileclosertogether.Becausetherobotcarswouldeventuallybelesslikelytocrashtheycouldbebuiltlighterreducingfuelconsumption.Butofcoursetobetrulysaferthecarsmustbefarmorereliablethansaytoday’spersonalcomputerswhichcrashonoccasionandarefrequentlyinfectedwithvirus.Googlehasstarteddoingwhatmightseemlikeatechnologyareaunrelatedtoitsbread-and-butterbusinessasthekingofInternetsearchandadvertising.Theself-drivingcarisanexampleofGoogle’swillingnesstogambleontechnologythatmaynotpayoffforyearsDr.ThrunsaiD.OnewayGooglemightbeabletoprofitistoprovideinformationandnavigation导航serviceformakersofunmannedvehicleswithaplantomaketravelingsaferavoidaccidentsandreducethecarbonemission排放.ButthearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesarouselegalissuestheGoogleresearchersacknowledgeD.Undercurrentlawahumanmustbeincontrolofacaratalltimes.Andintheeventofanaccidentwhowouldbeliable—thepersonbehindthewheelorthemakerofthesoftware?58.AccordingtoGooglethedriverlesscar______.A.iswithoutahumanpresenceatalltimesB.willreactfasterbutbelessreliableC.willincreaseefficiencyofroadandfuelD.willsafelynavigatetheroadways59.WithitsnewinventionGooglehopesthefollowingexcept______.A.thedriverlesscarwillmakealotofsenseB.itsbusinesswillreachbeyonditsusualrangeC.itwillprofitbymakingunmannedvehiclesD.lawswillhavetocatchupwiththetechnology60.Theunderlinedwordliableinlastparagraphprobablymeans______.A.dependableB.responsibleC.trustedD.sensible61.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe______.A.GoogleCarsDriveThemselvesinTrafficB.DriverlessCarsCouldBetheWaveofFutureC.GoogleHopestoReduceTrafficAccidentsD.UnmannedCarsClosertoaCommercialReality
Volunteeringabroadisagreatwaytohelpothersimproveyourskillsandbecomeamoreconfidentindependentperson.Ifyouareinterestedinvolunteeringabroadherearesomeplacestogo.AustraliaIfyouseekalifeonthebeachinagreatclimatewithfriendlypeopleAustraliamightbeyourbestbet.WiththousandsofvolunteersalreadysigninguptoleaveforAustraliaduringtheholidaysitwillbeaverypopularoption.BrazilThisvastcountryhassomegreatopportunitiesonofferandisespeciallypopularthisyear.A.lotofvolunteerworkisavailableinBrazilcentersonconservationandecologicalprojects.Withtheworld’slargestrainforestinBrazilofwhichhugepartisindangertherearelotsofdifferentjobsyoucando.KenyaKenyaisthedestinationforthoseseekinganAfricanexperiencE.GenerallyvolunteerinKenyaworkinorphanages孤儿院withlocalchildrenlivinginslums贫展窟.ThereisagreatdemandforVolunteersinAfricabecausemanypeopleliveinpovertysoifyoutrulyfeellikemakingadifferencetoacommunityKenyashouldbeatthetopofyourlist.CostaRicaGoldensandybeachesclearcoastlinesandbeautifulcitiesarewhatCostaRicaisallabout.BecauseofitssmallsizeyoucanseealotofthecountryinjustashorttimE.Youcanreallymakethemostofyourtimeasavolunteer.AlotofworkisneededwithwildlifeandecologicalworksoifyouwanttolookafterturtlesonthebeachCostaRicacouldbejusttheplaceforyou.68.Ifyouareinterestedinprotectingtheenvironmentyouwillprobablygoto_______.A.AustraliaB.KenyaC.BrazilD.CostaRica69.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatvolunteersinKenyamainlyworkwith_______.A.animalsB.plantsC.theelderlyD.children70.IfyouchoosetogotoCostaRicayouaresupposedto________.A.workwithanimalsonthebeachB.surfwithchildreninthewaterC.takecareoftreesintheforestsD.lookafterchildrenwhohavelosttheirparents
TourismprobablystartedinRomantimes.RichRomansvisitedfriendsandfamilywhowereworkinginanotherpartoftheRomanEmpirE.ButwhentheEmpirebrokedownthiskindoftourismstoppeD.Intheearly17thcenturytheideaoftheGrandTourwasborn.RichyoungEnglishpeoplesailedacrosstheEnglishChannel.TheyvisitedthemostbeautifulandimportantEuropeancitiesofthetimeincludingParisinFranceandRomeandVeniceinItaly.Theirtourslastedfortwotofouryearsandthetouristsstayedafewweeksormonthsineachcity.TheGrandTourwasanimportantpartofyoungpeople’seducation—butonlyfortherich.Inthe18thcenturytourismbegantochangE.ForexamplepeopleintheUKstartedtovisitsometownssuchasBathtotakethewaters.Theybelievedthatthewatertherewasgoodfortheirhealth.Solargeandexpensivehotelswerebuiltinthesetowns.Inthe19thcenturytravelbecamemuchmorepopularandfaster.Whenthefirstrailwayswerebuiltinthe1820sitwaseasierforpeopletotravelbetweentownssotheystartedtogoforholidaysbytheseA.Andsomestartedtohaveholidaysinthecountrysideascitiesbecamelargernoisieranddirtier.Travelingbyseaalsobecamefasterandsaferwhenthefirststeamshipswerebuilt.Peoplebegantotravelmoretofar-awaycountries.The20thcenturysawcarsbecomemoreandmorepopularamongordinarypeoplE.Planesweremadelargersoticketpricesdroppedandmorepeopleusedthem.Thustourismgrew.In1949RussianjournalistVladimirRaitzstartedacompanycalledHorizonHolidays.Thecompanyorganizeseverything—planeticketshotelroomsevenfood—andtouristspayforitallbeforetheyleavehomE.Thepackagetourandmoderntouristindustrywasborn.ThefirsttravelagencyinChinawassetupasearlyas1949.Buttourismdidnottakeoffuntil1978.In2002theindustrywasworth500billionYuanandbecameanimportantpartofChina’ssocialdevelopment.56.WhichofthefollowingistrueA.TheyoungmenlearnedlittlefromGrandTour.B.Tourismbecamefasterandsaferwhenthefirstrailwayswerebuiltinthe18thcentury.C.MorepeoplechoseshipsforitscheappricE.D.In2002tourismbecameasignificantpartofChina’ssocialdevelopment.57.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________playedthemostimportantroleinthetourismdevelopment.A.transportationB.educationC.moneyD.people’sideas58.Moderntourismwasborn___________.A.in1978B.inRomantimesC.intheearly17thcenturyD.in194959.Theunderlinedphrasetakeoffinthelastparagraphmeans__________.A.aplanerisingintotheairB.bringdownthepricesC.removehatsandclothesD.developveryfast
TodaywewillexplainaveryoldsayingthathashadabiginfluenceonrockandrollmusiC.ThatsayingisArollingstonegathersnomoss.Ithasseveralmeanings.Onemeaningisthatapersonwhoneversettlesdowninoneplacewillnotbesuccessful.Anotheristhatsomeonewhoisalwaysmovingwithnorootsinoneplaceavoidsresponsibilities.Thisproverbwassaidtobefirstusedinthe1500s.Butinthe1960stheexpressionrollingstonebecamefamousintheworldofrockandrollmusiC.ItbecamethenameofasongarockgroupandamagazinE.ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.Hewasoneofthecountry'stopbluesmusiciansuntilhisdeathin1983.HismusicinfluencedsingerslikeElvisPresleyandBobDylan.In1950MuddyWatersrecordedasongcalledRollingStone.ABritishrockgroupissaidtohavetakenitsnamefromMuddyWaters'song.TheRollingStonesperformedforthefirsttimein1962.Thegroup'smemberscalledthemselvestheworld'sgreatestrockandrollband.In1965BobDylanreleasedhissongLikeaRollingStone.Itisoneofhisbestknownandmostinfluentialworks.Itisanangrysongaboutawomanwhowasoncerichandsuccessful.Butnowsheisonherownwithnodirectionhomelikeacompleteunknownlikearollingstone.In1967ayoungmannamedJannWennerstartedamagazineandhenameditRollingStone.ThemagazinereportedonrockmusicandthepopularculturethatthemusiccreateD.By1971RollingStonehadbecometheleadingrockmusicandcounterculturepublication.Itisstillpopulartoday.20.Whichpersoncanbedescribedasarollingstoneaccordingtotheproverb?A.Apersonwhoalwayschangeshisjobs.B.Apersonwhohasasuccessfulcareer.C.Apersonwhohasnofamily.D.Apersonwhoisoutofwork.21.Allofthemaremusiciansexcept________.A.ElvisPresleyB.BobDylanC.MuddyWatersD.JannWenner22.Whofirstusedrollingstoneasanameformusic?A.JannWenner.B.BobDylan.C.ElvisPresley.D.MuddyWaters.
AsaneffectofthehighfuelpricesspentonbustransportationsomeAmericanschoolsarechangingtoafour-dayweek.ThatmeanslongerdaysinsteadofthetraditionalMondaythroughFridayschedulE.HavingbeenapprovedforthreeyearsandbeginninginthefallstudentsintheMaccrayschooldistrictinMinnesotawillbeinschoolfromTuesdaytoFriday.Eachschooldaywillbe65minuteslonger.Officialssaythedistrictexpectstosaveaboutsixty-fivethousanddollarsayearintransportationcosts.InnewMexicothefirstschooldistrictchangedtoafour-dayweekin1974becauseoftheAraboilboycott抵制.Now17outof89districtsuseit.InCusterSouthDakotastudentshavebeengoingtoschoolfourdaysaweeksince1995.SuperintendentTimCrealsaysthechangehassavedaboutonemilliondollarsoverjustthepasteightyears.Heseesotherbenefitstoo.Studentsgetmoreinstructionaltimeandactivitiesthatusedtotakeupclasstimearenowheldonnon-schooldays.Hesaysthatinthefuturethegrowthofonlineclassescouldmakeitpossibletorequireevenfewerdaysinschool.Highfuelpricesaredrivingcollegestudentstotakemoreonlineclasses.Afour-dayschoolweeksoundslikeagreatideaforstudentsandteachersbutworkingparentsmayhavetopayforchildcareforthatfifthday.60.AccordingtoTimCrealwhatmakesitpossibletohaveevenfewerdaysinschool?A.Theincreasingnumberofprivatetutors.私人教师B.Thedevelopmentofteachingmethods.C.Theincreaseinthenumberofonlineclasses.D.ThegrowthintheincomeofAmericans.61.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______A.studentswillbeinschoolfromMondaytoTuesday.B.four-dayweekwasfirstcarriedoutinSouthDakotA.C.Maccraywillsaveonemilliondollarseveryyear.D.Minnesotastatehasapprovedthefour-dayweekplan62.Thepassageismainlyabout______A.someschool’sfour-dayweekplanB.districtsusingafour-dayweek.C.howtosaveontransportationfees.D.expenseofschooltransportation.
IhavetohiremanypeopletogrowmybusinessMostofthepeoplewhoapplyforworkhavesuchthingslikeeducationalexperienceandworkexperiencE.WhattheyoftenfailtoshowmeonpaperorintheinterviewistheconfidencetogetthejobdothejobandgrowinthejoB.Ifyoubringyourconfidencemostemployerswillseeexactlywhatthey’reseekinginyou.Thenalltheweaknessesandshortcomingsonyourresume履历willdisappear.Nothavingenoughexperienceyouth—allthethingsthatyouthinkofasdisadvantages—willbediminished.Sowhenyouwriteyourresume个人简历explainwhyyou’resurethatyoucandothisjob;evenmoreimportantlythatyou’retherightpersonforthisjoB.Somelifeexperiencesshowpersonalconfidenceforexamplemembershiporleadershipinyouthgroupssuccessonsportsteamsachievementofapersonalgoal.Whetheryou’reonthephoneorinaface-to-facemeetingbeconfidentthatyou’retheonE.Beforeaninterviewlookintoamirror镜子andtellyourselfwhyyoubelieveyou’llsucceedintheinterview;whyyou’llgetthejoB.Letyourself-confidencecomethroughinthewayyousitthewayyouanswerquestionsandinthekindsofquestionsyouask.Ifyoudon’thavetheconfidenceyouneedthengooutandgetit.Getmoreeducation;getwiderexperiencebyvolunteeringortakingonextrajobs;getinvolvedincommunityactivitiestotestyourabilitytoworkwithothersandgettheinterpersonalexperienceyouneeD.Ifyoudoyourconfidencewillcomethroughineveryaspectofyourwritingandspeaking.You’llbeshowingmethatyou’retheonE.Goodluck!64.Theauthorismostprobablya________.A.successfuljobseekerB.famousscholarC.successfulbossD.cleverspokesman65.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantonaresume?A.ThepracticalplanforthejoB.B.EducationalexperiencE.C.WorkexperiencE.D.InformationshowingtheconfidencE.66.TheunderlinedworddiminishedisParagraph2probablymeans_________.A.madelesshelpfulB.madelessimportantC.madelesshopefulD.madelessannoying67.Thelastparagraphmainlytellsushowto_________.A.getwiderexperienceB.showourconfidenceC.becomeconfidentD.testourability
PrivacyistranslatedasyinsiinChinesE.TraditionallyintheChinesemindyinsiisassociatedwith与有关whatisclosedorunfair.Ifsomeoneissaidtohaveyinsimeddlers好事者willbeattractedtopry打探intohisorherthings.Sopeoplealwayssaythattheydon'thaveyinsi.OnthecontraryAmericansoftendeclare宣称intentiontoprotecttheirprivacy.Theirunderstandingofprivacyisthatothershavenorighttopryintothingswhichbelongtothemselvesaloneandhavenothingtodowithothers.Onewhoistoocurious好奇的andwhospreadsrumorsissaidtoviolate侵犯therighttoprivacy.IntheeveningSoniaandIwenttoabarfordinner.InChinawhenpeoplementionbarssomethingbadusuallycomestominD.ButherethebarwasaquietandtastefullylaidoutplacE.Peoplespokequitesoftlyafraidofinterruptingtheirneighborsandsatfacetofaceastheydranksometimesthreeorfivepersonssittingtogether.Thissortofatmospherewastotallydifferentfrommypreconception传统观念soIwantedtotakeapicturE.SoniastoppedmeDon'tyouseethesepeoplearepouringouttheirhearts?Maybetheyarecolleaguesfriendssecretlovers.Theycameherelookingforapeacefulplacefreefrominterruptionbyothers.Theywouldn'twanttoleaveanytrace痕迹oftheirhavingcomeherE.Sotakingtheirpictureswouldbeaseriousviolationoftheirrighttoprivacy.Isthereprivacybetweenhusbandandwife?OneofSonia'sfriendsmarriedatalentedChinesemanbutrecentlyshebecamesoangrythatshewantedadivorce离婚.ThereasonwasthatherhusbandhadopenedoneofherlettersandlookedthroughherpursE.Thehusbanddidn'trealizethatthisisnottolerated容忍intheU.S..Hethoughtthatbeingacouplewaslikebeingoneperson;whycouldn'theseetheletterorthecontentsofthepurse?Trulyeveryoneeventhoselivingasacoupleneedsroom—notonlyinthreedimensional三维spacebutintheheart.64.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.TheunderstandingofprivacyisdifferentinChinaandAmericA.B.ThereisprivacybetweenhusbandandwifeinAmericA.C.Everyonehastherighttoprivacy.D.Everyoneineverycountryneedsroomforhimself.65.SoniastoppedmewhenIwantedtotakeapictureinthebarbecause________.A.takingpicturesinabarwasnotallowedinAmericaB.takingpicturesinabarwouldinterrupttheneighborsC.peoplewhocameherearecolleaguesfriendsorsecretloversD.takingpicturesinabarwouldviolateotherpeople'srighttoprivacy66.OneofSonia'sfriendswantedadivorcebecause____.A.shethoughtherhusbandwasnotcleverenoughB.herhusbandalwaysopenedherlettersC.herhusbandalwayslookedthroughherpurseD.herhusbanddidn'trespectherrighttoprivacy67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheAmerican'sunderstandingofprivacy?A.PrivacyisconnectedwithsomethingthatisunfairandbaD.B.Otherpeoplehavenorighttopryintohisorheraffairs.C.Thereisprivacyevenbetweencouples.D.Therighttoprivacyshouldn'tbeviolatedbyothers.
ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplacE.NowitisanecologicaldisasterareA.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.ForthousandsofyearsPolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNaurufarfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunterawhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIslanD.HoweverbecauseitwasveryremoteNauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisitbringinggunsandalcohol.TheseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheislanD.A.tenyearcivilwarstartedwhichreducedthepopulationfrom1400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate磷酸盐ontheislanD.InfactitfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphatewhichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.ThecompanybeganminingthephosphatE.A.phosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripminE.Whenacompanystripminesitremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.StripminingtotallydestroysthelanD.GraduallythelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968NaurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworlD.EveryyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphatE.Unfortunatelytheleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inadditiontheyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000NauruwasalmostfinanciallyruineD.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433600000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheislanD.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.20.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.21.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.C.PeacefulandattractivE.D.GreedyandaggressivE.22.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingC.farmingactivityD.whalehunting23.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B.ItspenttoomuchrepairingtheislanD.C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D.ThephosphateminesweredestroyeD.
Easter复活节isstillagreatdayforworshipcandyinbasketsandrunningaroundtheyardfindingeggsbuteveryyearitgetsquiteabitworseforbunnies.Andnonotbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.TheculpritisclimatechangeandsomeresearchersfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarehavingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbitintheUS.TaketheLowerKeysMarshrabbitforinstancE.AnendangeredspeciesthatlivesintheLowerFloridaKeysthisspeciesofcottontailisagreatswimmer—itlivesontheislands！—butitisalreadyseverelyaffectedbydevelopmentandnowbyrisingsealevels.AccordingtotheCenterforBiologicalDiversityanoceanlevelriseofonly0.6meterswillsendtheseguysjumpingtohighergroundanda0.9meterrisewouldwipeouttheirhabitat栖息地completely.ThesnowshoehareontheotherhandhasacolorissuE.Mostoftheserabbitschangetheirfurcolorfromwhiteinthewintertimetobrowninthesummereachdesignedtogivethembettercoverfrompredators捕食者.Asthenumberofdayswithsnowdecreasesallacrossthecountryhowevermoreandmorebunniesarebeingleftinwhitefurduringbrowndirtdaysofbothfallandspringmakingthemaneasiermarkforpredators.Researchersknowthatthecolorchangeiscontrolledbythenumberofhoursofsunlightbutwhethertherabbitwillbeabletoadaptquickenoughtosurviveisabigquestion.TheNationalWildlifeFederationhasreportedthathuntershavenoticedtheirnumbersarealreadymarkedlydown.AmericanpikasorrockrabbitsarelativeofrabbitsandharesmightbethefirstofthesespeciestogoextinctduetoclimatechangE.About78incheslongpikaslivehighinthecooldampmountainswestoftheRockyMountains.Asglobaltemperaturesrisetheywouldnaturallymigrate迁移tohigherground—buttheyalreadyoccupythemountaintops.Theycan'tgoanyhigher.TheNationalWildlifeFederationreportsthattheymightnotbeabletostandthenewtemperaturesastheirhabitatheatsup.Thevolcanorabbithasthesameproblem.TheserabbitsliveontheslopesofvolcanoesinMexicoandrecentstudieshaveshownthatthelowerrangeoftheirhabitathasalreadyshiftedupwardabout700metersbuttherearenotsuitableplantsforthemtomovehighersotheyarestuckinthemiddlE.Scientistsareconcernedabouttheirpopulations.NativetotheUSpygmyrabbitsweighlessthan1poundandliveintheAmericanWest.TheyarebelievedtobethesmallestrabbitsintheworlD.Theirhabitatshavebeendestroyedbydevelopment.SeveralpopulationssuchastheColumbiaBasinpygmyalmostwentextinctandweresavedbyzoobreedingprograms.PygmyrabbitsalsorelyonwintercoverbydiggingtunnelsthroughthesnowtoescapepredatorsbutlessersnowfallisleavingthemexposeD.AllofthisgivesnewmeaningtodressingupinagiantbunnycostumethisEaster.36.ThewritermentionsEasteratthebeginningofthepassageinorderto________.A.showtheimportanceofEasterDayB.introducetheissueaboutbunniesC.remindpeopleofEastertraditionsD.discusstherelationshipbetweenEasterandbunnies37.ThewordculpritParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.criminalB.judgeC.victimD.producer38.Accordingtothepassagesomerabbitscannowbeeasilydiscoveredbypredatorsbecausethey________.A.areexposedtomoreskillfulhuntersB.havemovedtohabitatswithfewerplantsC.haven'tadaptedthemselvestoclimatechangeD.can'tchangetheirfurcolorintowhiteinthefallandthespring39.Theproblemfacedbyvolcanorabbitsandrockrabbitsisthat________.A.bothareaffectedbylesssnowB.bothareaffectedbyrisingsealevelsC.neithercanfindenoughfoodD.neithercanmigratetohigherplaces40.Whichbestdescribesthewriter'stoneinthepassage?A.Approving.B.ConcerneD.C.EnthusiastiC.D.Doubtful.
Volunteeringabroadisagreatwaytohelpothersimproveyourskillsandbecomeamoreconfidentindependentperson.Ifyouareinterestedinvolunteeringabroadherearesomeplacestogo.AustraliaIfyouseekalifeonthebeachinagreatclimatewithfriendlypeopleAustraliamightbeyourbestbet.WiththousandsofvolunteersalreadysigninguptoleaveforAustraliaduringtheholidaysitwillbeaverypopularoption.BrazilThisvastcountryhassomegreatopportunitiesonofferandisespeciallypopularthisyear.A.lotofvolunteerworkisavailableinBrazilcentersonconservation保护andecologicalprojects.Withtheworld'slargestrainforestinBrazilofwhichhugepartisindangertherearelotsofdifferentjobsyoucando.KenyaKenyaisthedestinationforthoseseekinganAfricanexperiencE.GenerallyvolunteersinKenyaworkinorphanages孤儿院orwithlocalchildrenlivinginslums贫民窟.ThereisagreatdemandforvolunteersinAfricabecausemanypeopleliveinpovertysoifyoutrulyfeellikemakingadifferencetoacommunityKenyashouldbeatthetopofyourlist.CostaRicaGoldensandybeachesclearcoastlinesandbeautifulcitiesarewhatCostaRicaisallabout.BecauseofitssmallsizeyoucanseealotofthecountryinjustashorttimE.Youcanreallymakethemostofyourtimeasavolunteer.A.lotofworkisneededwithwildlifeandecologicalworksoifyouwanttolookafterturtlesonthebeachCostaRicacouldbejusttheplaceforyou64.Ifyouareinterestedinprotectingtheenvironmentyouwillprobablygoto_______.lA.AustraliaB.KenyaC.BrazilD.CostaRica65.1tcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatvolunteersinKenyamainlyworkwith_____.A.animalsB.plantsC.theelderlyD.children66.IfyouchoosetogotoCostaRicayouaresupposedto__________.A.workwithanimalsonthebeachB.surfwithchildreninthewaterC.takecareoftreesintheforestsD.lookafterchildrenwhohavelosttheirparents
OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagE.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations引文showinghowitwasuseD.ThiswasahugetasksoMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritaintheUnitedStatesandtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspapermagazineandbookeverwritteninEnglish.HundredsofvolunteersrespondedincludingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEnglanD.HegavehisaddressasBroadmoorCrowthorneBerkshire50milesfromOxforD.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17yearshebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.InspiteofmanyinvitationshewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxforD.Soin1897MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.WhenhearrivedhefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum精神病院fortheCriminallyInsanE.MurrayandMinorbecamefriendssharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionarysendinginmorethan10000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularlysometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmericA.MurraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefrienD.Minordiedin1920sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleteD.The12volumesdefined414825wordsandthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.16.AccordingtothetextthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________.A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary17.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.HesentnewspapersmagazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.18.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxforD.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.19.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________.A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor20.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A.BraveanddetermineD.B.Cautiousandfriendly.C.ConsiderateandoptimistiC.D.Unusualandscholarly.21.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagE.B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.
TheclassofeighthgradeataLosAngelesmiddleschooltaptheirrulersandnodtheirheadstotherhythmoftherapvideoshownonascreen.TheiralgebrateacherLaMarQueenusesrhymetohelpthemmemorizeseeminglydifficultitemstoimprovetheirgrades.Queen26isnowknownatLosAngelesAcademyMiddleSchoolastherapteacherbuthisfamehasspreadbeyondthe2200studentschoolinthisneighborhooD.He'swonanationalawardandshownteachersandparentshowtouseraptoteachchildren.Mathisabadwordformanystudentsbutifweputitinaformthatkidsenjoythey'lllearnQueensaiD.Rapiswhatthekidsrespondto.Theydon'thaveaproblemmemorizingthesongsatall.Queen'smathrapcameaboutbychancE.TwomonthsafterstartingatLAAcademyhewasfrustratedwhenkidssaidhisclasswasboring.TheythoughtthathelookedlikethesingerKanyeWestsotheychallengedhimtorap.QueenhasbeenrappingsincetheseventhgradE.Withhisstudents'challengeonhismindhepushedasideworkonhislessonplansandwrotearapsongSlopeIntercept.Wordofhisrappingsoonreachedtheschool'smainofficE.PrincipalMariaBorgeswenttolookintoitandcameoutsmiling.ItintereststhekidsshesaiD.Kidsseemtoknowalltherapsongsandit'shelpfulforthemtoremembermathrules.Somekidswhoaren'teveninMrQueen'sclassgoaroundsinginghissongssaidKejonClosure13whowentfromaCaveragetoanA.IntherapsQueendefinesamathconceptandworksthroughsampleproblemsstepbystep.Hekeepsarelaxedmannerwhensingingwithhisstudents.Queenalsotriestoinspirethem.HislyricstellstudentstogetAsonyourpapersandtoberespectfulandlistentoyourparents.Sometimesthestudentsappearinthevideosasarewardforgoodgradesandbehavior.20.AccordingtothepassageLaMarQueenhasbeen________sincehebegantoteachstudentsatLosAngelesAcademy.A.apopularteacherB.amusicteacherC.amathematicsteacherD.afamoussinger21.LaMarQueenhaswonanationalawardbecause________.A.heisgoodatcomposingrapsongsB.hisnewmusicalproductionwasshownonTVC.hecreatedauniqueteachingmethodinmathD.hegavestudentsalotofconfidence22.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphbutonethat________.A.Queen'steachingmethodhasbeenwellreceivedbyboththeprincipalandthestudentsB.QueenmakesmatheasyandtriestoinspirehisstudentsintherapC.QueeniswillingtohelpthestudentswhoarenotgoodatmathD.PrincipalMariaBorgesdoesn'tthinkitagoodwaytoteachmathbyrapping23.ThispassagemaybetakenfromChinaDailyinthecolumnof________.A.societyB.educationC.entertainmentD.biography
CyprusisthethirdlargestislandandoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsintheMediterraneanSeA.Itattractsover2.4milliontouristseveryyear.itgainedindependencefromtheUKin1960.CyprusisadevelopedcountryandhasbeenamemberoftheEuropeanUnionsince1May2004.Itdidn’tbegintousetheeurountil1January2008.AsatouristdestinationCyprushascleanbeachesandfineweatheralltheyearrounD.ThereareRomanandGreekrelicsontheislandwhichattracttouristsmost.Youcanenjoyskiingandhikinginitshugemountainsandcharmingvillages.InthetownsandcitiestherearesomemodernhotelsbarsandclubswithbrightlightsandrichnightlifE.Thestoryoftheislandcanbetracedbackover10000years.CyprushaslongbeenseenasanimportantstrategicbasE.Manycivilizationshavesweptthroughitovertheyears.In1974TurkishtrooparrivedonthenortherncoastofCyprus.TheywereinvitedbytheTurkishCypriotleaderinordertoprotecttheTurkishcommunity.SincethentheTurkisharmytookcontrolofthenorthernonethirdoftheislanD.TheGreekCypriotcontrolledtheother.UNpeacekeepingforcesmaintainedthepeacebetweenthetwosides.AlthoughithaspoliticalproblemsCyprusisacountrythateasilylinksmodernEuropeanculturewithitspast.Herevisitorscandiscovercleanbeachesallkindsofgrapewineandancientruins.WithfruittreesaroundtheoldstonevillagesmaketouristsfeelthatmodernEuropeseemsaverylongwayawayindeeD.56.Fromparagraph1wecanlearnthatCyprus_______________.A.isthethirdlargestislandintheworldB.hasapopulationofabout2.4millionC.didn’tbecomeindependentuntil1960D.usedtheeuroastheirmoneyin200457.WhatattractstouristsmostinCyprus?A.ThecleanbeachesB.ItslinkswiththepastC.TherichnightlifeD.Itsfineweather58.TheGreekCypruscontrolled___________________.A.thesouthernonethirdofCyprusB.thenorthernonethirdofCyprusC.thenortherntwothirdsofCyprusD.thesoutherntwothirdsofCyprus59.ThecountriesthathaveagreateffectonCyprusinclude______________.A.GreeceTurkeyandItalyB.GreeceEnglandandTurkeyC.ItalyEnglandandTurkeyD.TurkeyEgyptandItaly60.Thearticleiswrittenmainlytotellreaders_______________.A.someinformationaboutCyprusB.somepopulartouristdestinationsinEuropeC.someinformationaboutEuropeancultureD.thepoliticalproblemsinCyprus
Recentlywe’veobservedanincreasingrequestfromdisadvantagedandregional地区的schoolsforattendingoneofourzooareasatnocostorpartlypaidsomeorganizations.ZoosVictoriabelievesthatallchildrenshouldhavetheopportunitytohaveanearlymemoryofvisitingthezooandgainanunderstandingofthewildandnaturalworldthathumanssharewithanimals.ZoosVictoriawinsthesupportoftheIanPotterFoundationtohelpachievethisgoal.FundingavailableforschoolstoenteraneducationalprogramatZoosVictoriain2012ApplicationsareopenfromNovember232011toFebruary122012.Childrenfromdisadvantagedandoriginallyisolated孤立的schoolsareprovidedwiththeopportunitytovisitthezooandattendaninteractiveeducationexperienceatnochargE.Theprogramobjectivesare:·Tostartdevelopingenvironmentalistswithinlowsocialandeconomicgroups.·Tosupporttheyouthfromdisadvantagedbackgroundstohavegreaterawarenessofwildlifeandhaveongoingopportunitiestogetrelevantinformationaboutanimalsandtheenvironmentthroughthezoos’websitE.Whatiscoveredundertheprogram?·Traveltothezoo—transportcostswillbepartlyorfullypaidbacktotheschoolonthebasisofthenumberofchildrenappliedfortheprogram.·StudententrytooneareaofZoosVictoriaandaneducationalexperiencE.Whichschoolsareabletotakepartintheprogram?·OpentoschoolsinVictoriA.·Considerationwillbegiventoschoolsthathavenotpreviouslybeenabletoenteroneofourzooareaslistasdisadvantagedonesorcomefromregionallyisolatedareas.·AbletovisitanareaofZoosVictoriawithinthe2012schoolyear.·Applicationsmustbesupportedbytheschoolprincipal.·Abletocompleteashortevaluationoftheprogram.Howtoapplyfortheprogram?·Downloadtheapplicationforms.·Completeallthedetailsincludingasignaturefromyourprincipalandattachingaquotefortransportcosts.·ReturntheapplicationformstoMargaretHarwoodatZoosVictoriabyemailtomharwood@zoo.org.auorbyposttoPOBox74ParkvilleVIC3052.·PleasecontactMargaretHarwoodat0392859462ifthereareanyfurtherquestions.68.ZoosVictoriawantedtohelpstudentsindisadvantagedandregionalschools_______.A.takeactiontoprotectwildlifeinisolatedareasB.developapassion热爱forwildlifeandnatureC.raisemoneyforwildlifeinthezooD.learnmoreaboutplantsandanimalsinthewild69.Whetheryourtransportcostsarefreeorpartlychargeddependson_______.A.ifyouhaveadeepecological生态的understandingB.whatconnectionsyoubuildwithnatureC.howmanyapplicationstherearefortheprogramD.whichareaofZoosVictoriayouwillvisit70.Whichofthefollowingschoolsismostlikelytotakepartintheprogram?A.A.disadvantagedschoolinNewYork.B.A.schoolfromanisolatedareaofVictoriA.C.A.poorprivateadultschoolinAmericA.D.A.schoolwithalackofwildlifeeducation.
AsaneffectofthehighfuelpricesspentonbustransportationsomeAmericanschoolsarechangingtoafour-dayweek.ThatmeanslongerdaysinsteadofthetraditionalMondaythroughFridayschedulE.HavingbeenapprovedforthreeyearsandbeginninginthefallstudentsintheMaccrayschooldistrictinMinnesotawillbeinschoolfromTuesdaytoFriday.Eachschooldaywillbe65minuteslonger.Officialssaythedistrictexpectstosaveaboutsixty-fivethousanddollarsayearintransportationcosts.InnewMexicothefirstschooldistrictchangedtoafour-dayweekin1974becauseoftheAraboilboycott抵制.Now17outof89districtsuseit.InCusterSouthDakotastudentshavebeengoingtoschoolfourdaysaweeksince1995.SuperintendentTimCrealsaysthechangehassavedaboutonemilliondollarsoverjustthepasteightyears.Heseesotherbenefitstoo.Studentsgetmoreinstructionaltimeandactivitiesthatusedtotakeupclasstimearenowheldonnon-schooldays.Hesaysthatinthefuturethegrowthofonlineclassescouldmakeitpossibletorequireevenfewerdaysinschool.Highfuelpricesaredrivingcollegestudentstotakemoreonlineclasses.Afour-dayschoolweeksoundslikeagreatideaforstudentsandteachersbutworkingparentsmayhavetopayforchildcareforthatfifthday.60.AccordingtoTimCrealwhatmakesitpossibletohaveevenfewerdaysinschool?A.Theincreasingnumberofprivatetutors.私人教师B.Thedevelopmentofteachingmethods.C.Theincreaseinthenumberofonlineclasses.D.ThegrowthintheincomeofAmericans.61.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______A.studentswillbeinschoolfromMondaytoTuesday.B.four-dayweekwasfirstcarriedoutinSouthDakotA.C.Maccraywillsaveonemilliondollarseveryyear.D.Minnesotastatehasapprovedthefour-dayweekplan62.Thepassageismainlyabout______A.someschool’sfour-dayweekplanB.districtsusingafour-dayweek.C.howtosaveontransportationfees.D.expenseofschooltransportation.
Americanchildrenaren'ttheonlycouchpotatoeswithnearlyonethirdofchildrengloballyspendingthreehoursadayormorewatchingTVoroncomputersaccordingtothestudyofover70000teensin34nations.FromArgentinatoZambiaReginaGutholdoftheWorldHealthOrganizationinGenevaandhercolleaguesfoundmostchildrenweren'tgettingenoughexerciseandthatitmadenodifferenceiftheylivedinarichorapoorcountry.WithregardstophysicalactivitieslevelswedidnotfindmuchofadifferencebetweenpoorandrichcountriesGutholdsaiD.Growingupinapoorcountrydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatkidsgetmorephysicalactivities.ThestudywaspublishedinTheJournalofPediatricslookingat72845schoolchildrenaged13to15fromNorthandSouthAmericaAsiaEuropeandtheMiddleEast.Thechildrenweresurveyedbetween2003and2007.Theresearchersdefinedadequatephysicalactivityasatleastanhourofexerciseoutsideofgymclassatleastfivedaysaweek.ChildrenwhospentthreeormorehoursadaywatchingTVplayingcomputergamesorchattingwithfriends—asidefromtimeinschoolortimespentdoinghomework—wereclassifiedassedentary.Theresearchersfoundonlyonequarteroftheboysand15percentofthegirlsweregettingenoughexercisebythesedefinitions.A.quarterofboysandnearly30percentofgirlsweresedentaryanddidn'tgetenoughexercisewithgirlslessactivethanboysineverycountryasidefromZambiA.Uruguayhadthehighestpercentageofactiveboysat42percentwhileZambiahadthelowestat8percent.GirlsfromIndiawerethemostactivewith37percentmeetingexerciserecommendationwhilegirlsfromEgyptweretheleastactivewithjust4percentgettingadequateexercisE.ChildreninMyanmarweretheleastsedentarywith13percentofboysand8percentofgirlsclassifiedassedentary.ThemostsedentarynationswereSt.LuciaandtheCaymanIslandswith58percentofboysand64percentofgirlsspendingatleastthreehoursadayinsedentaryactivities.Peopleshowdeepconcernforkids'lackofphysicalactivityinvariousnations.Whydotheyhavealowlevelofphysicalactivity?Gutholdspeculated推测thaturbanization都市化couldbeafactoraswellasaccesstocarsandTVs.16.Ifyouaresedentaryyou________.A.areadiligentstudentspendingmuchtimedoinghomeworkB.haveatleastanhourofexerciseoutdoorseverydayC.likewatchingTVandplayingcomputergamesD.spendalotoftimesittingdownandnotmoving17.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutthefindingofthestudyledbyReginaGuthold?A.Mostchildrenaroundtheworlddon'tmeettheexerciserecommendation.B.Girlsineverycountryarenomoreactivethanboys.C.Childreninrichcountriesrelativelygetlessphysicalactivities.D.Only4percentofthegirlsfromEgyptarenotactiveinexercisE.18.Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AmericanchildrenareaddictedtoTVsandcomputersB.NearlyonethirdofchildrengloballyarecouchpotatoesC.EffectsofphysicalactivitiesonhealthD.Unimaginablestandardofphysicalhealth19.Whatwouldthewriterbemostlikelytodiscussindetailinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Thesuitableamountofphysicalactivitiesforstudents.B.SomeofthefactorsforthepopularityofcarsandTVsamongthekids.C.Thereasonsbehindthelackofphysicalactivities.D.Thewaystomakethemostofphysicalactivities.
Englishfamiliesfacebeinglimitedto80bagsofrubbishayear.Householdsthrowingawaymorewastewillhavetotakeittothetip垃圾站orbuyalimitednumberofextrabags.DorettaCocksprotesteroftheCampaignforWeeklyWasteCollectionssaidTheymustthinkwearefools.Howcantheyclaimtocarefortheenvironmentwhentheytellpeopletodrivetothelocaltip?Andwhatdoyoudoifyoudon’thaveacar?Walk?Theplanpayslittleattentiontothevoicefromministerstoendsuchheavy–handedness笨拙.ItistobecarriedoutbytheTory–ledcouncil市政厅inWokinghamBerkshireandisalreadyinoperationinBrozbourneinHertfordshirE.Manyofthe180councilsthatstillofferunlimitedweeklyrubbishcollectionsarewatchingthetrial.Wokinghamofficialshavetoldresidents市民that75–litrebagswillbegiventoeachhouseholdandanythingnotleftinthemwillnotbecollecteD.Everyhouseholdwillreceive80bagseveryyearitsaiD.YoucanbuyextrabagsinrollsoftenbutthiswillnotbeencourageD.Familiesoffivewillget100rubbishbagsayearandhouseholdsofsixormorewillget120.Residentswillhaveaweeklyrecyclingcollectionlimitedtocanspaperandcardsplasticbottlesandsoon.Plasticpackagingandglassincludingbottlesmusteithergowiththegeneralwasteorbetakentorecyclingpoints.Greenwastepick–upscostanextra￡60ayear.Thecouncilhastoldresidentsitwillsave￡922000ayearunderthenewsystem.Therewillbenolocalconsultation商讨beforeitisintroducednextApril.56.What’sDorettaCock’sattitudetowardsthenewplan?A.SatisfieD.B.Curious.C.Angry.D.InteresteD.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordthisrefertointheseventhparagraph?A.Receiving80rubbishbagseveryyear.B.Buyingextrabagseveryyear.C.Drivingtocitytips.D.Getting100rubbishbagsayear.58.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.thenewplanisagreedbymostministersB.thenewplanwillwastealotofmoneyC.thegovernmenthasaskedformuchadviceofthenewplanD.thenewplandoesnotnecessarilydogoodtotheenvironment59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Englishfamiliesarelimitedto80bagsofrubbishayearB.Englishfamiliescan’tclearawaytheirrubbishC.EnglishfamiliesareangrywiththeirgovernmentD.Englishgovernmentpaysnoattentiontoresidents’interest
ProudlyreadingmywordsIglancedaroundtheroomonlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.ConfusedIglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.HavingnochoiceIslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedoverhopingtohidemyself.Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?QuicklyIflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.SincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountryIhadneverheardofthatnamebeforE.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellowitbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!OneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanutswhiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmericA.Istaredatthescreenwonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice:flip掷acoin.Heads—thecommanderandtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!TailsmyreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutterGeorgeWashingtonCarver.WeekslaterstandingbeforethisunfriendlymassIwastotallylost.OhwellIloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydeskburningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.AsaclassmatebeganhisreportitallbecameclearMyreportisonGeorgeWashingtonthemanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviouslymygradewasawful.HeartbrokenbutfearlessIdecidedtoturnthisarounD.ItalkedtoMissLancelotbutsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgradE.IfeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustifiedandIbelievedIdeservedasecondchancE.ConsequentlyIthrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.TenmonthslaterthatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster’sofficewithmygrandfathernowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.IsmiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgradE.Justiceissweet!61.Whatdidtheauthor’sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A.Controversial.B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.62.Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A.HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.B.Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.C.Heforgothisteacher’sinstruction.D.Hedidn’tknowwhytheteachergavesuchatask.63.TheunderlinedwordburninginParA.3probablymeans_______.A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager64.Intheendtheauthorturnedthingsaround_______.A.byredoinghistaskB.throughhisowneffortsC.withthehelpofhisgrandfatherD.undertheguidanceofhisheadmaster
SeveralinterestingAmericanmuseumstellabouthealthsubjects.OneistheDoctorSamuelD.HarrisNationalMuseumofDentistry.ItisattheUniversityofMarylandinBaltimorE.Thatiswherethefirstcollegeintheworldtotraindentistsbegan.Themuseumtellsaboutthehistoryofthemedicaltreatmentofteeth.Visitorscanseesomefrighteningdevicesthatoncewereusedtoremoveinfected受感染的teeth.TheyalsocanseesetsofteethmadeofanimalbonE.TheyweremadeforafamousAmerican--thefirstPresidentGeorgeWashington.MostpeopledonotconsideravisittothedentisttheirideaofagoodtimE.Howeverthedirectorofthemuseumsayshewantedtomakethemuseumafunplacetovisit.Hesayshealsowantstoteachvisitorsabouttheimportanceoftakingcareoftheirteeth.Anothermuseumcollectsdevicesthathelppeoplehear.TheKennethW.BergerHearingAidMuseumisatKentStateUniversityinKentOhio.Themuseumhasmorethanthree-thousandhearingaidsfromaroundtheworlD.Theyincludeoldandstrangedevices.Somehearingaidsweremadetolooklikeotherobjects.ThatisbecauseinthepastmanypeopledidnotwantanyonetoknowtheywerewearingahearingaiD.43.Itiscommonforpeopletothinkituneasytopayavisitto____.A.theUniversityofMarylandB.theMuseumofDentistryC.theHearingAidMuseumD.thedentist44.Thetextmainlytellsabout_____.A.museumsintheUSB.interestingAmericanmuseumsC.AmericanmuseumswithhealthsubjectsD.thehistoryofthemedicaltreatmentofteeth45.WhatdowelearnaboutGeorgeWashingtonfromthetext?A.HeoncevisitedtheNationalMuseumofDentistry.B.HeconsideredtheMuseumofDentistryafunplacetovisitC.HisartificialteethwerecollectedintheNationalMuseumofDentistry.D.HisteethseemedtobemadeofanimalbonE.46.Theunderlinedworddevicesinthefirstandlastparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.museumsB.strategiesC.hearingaidsD.tools
You'relostintheworldofdreamsandsleep.YourolloversmilingasyoucomeacrossaswimmingpoolfilledwithchocolatE.Andthenyourwonderfuldreambecomesanightmare噩梦whensomeoneisscreamingGetup！It'sjustwhateveryteenagergoesthrougheachmorning!Nowthereseemstobeoneschoolthatfinallyunderstandsthatrequiringteenstoshowupat9amisnotjustcruelbutalsoharmfultoboththekidsandtheschool.MonkseatonHighSchoolinNorthTynesideBritainrecentlydecidedtoexperimenttoseeifthereisanydifferenceinstudentbehavioriftheyjustpushedbackthestartoftheirdaybyonehourfrom9amto10am.Andtheresultsaresurprising.SincecarryingoutthelaterstartMonkseatonhasseena28%dropintruancy_evenhardlyanylatenessandbestofallhighertestscores.Oneofthereasonsisthattheteenagersaremuchhappiertohavetheextrahourofsleepbutthereisalsoascientificreasonbehindwhytheyneedtheextrasleep.Theschool'sdecisiontopushbackthetimewasbasedontheresearchdonebyOxfordProfessorRussellFosterwhopointedoutthatteenagersandadultshavedifferentsleepcyclesexplainingwhyteenagersgotobedlateandwakeuplatE.Whileadultsarewideawakeandreadyat8amteenagersarenotfullyawakeuntil10amsometimesevennoon.Teachersmayarguethattheirstudentsperformbetterinthemorningbutinfactitisbecausetheyareinthezonewhiletheirstudentsarestillsleepymakingthestudentseasiertocontrol.MemorytestsprovethatthemoredifficultclassesshouldbeintheafternoonwhenteenagersaremostwideawakE.TheMonkseatonschoolofficialsareencouragedbytheresultsandplanonvotingtomakeitapermanentchangE.36.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordtruancyA.Grades.B.Classes.C.AbsencE.D.PracticE.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TeenagersandadultshavethesamesleepcyclE.B.Teenagersarefullyawakeat10amasawholE.C.Teenagersaremuchhappiertosleepthanstudy.D.Teenagersneedtheextrasleepalsoforascientificreason.38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.MonkseatonHighSchoolissatisfiedwiththeresultoftheexperiment.B.Itisverycruelfortheteenagerstoshowupinclassat9ameveryday.C.MonkseatonHighSchoolplanstochangetheschooltimeforever.D.Infactteenagersperformbetterinthemorningthanintheafternoon.39.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Getupearlyteenagers!B.FinallyaschoolunderstandsteenagersC.Whydoteenagersstayuplate?D.Differencesbetweenteensandadults
HowAmericansBegantoEatTomatoesPeoplehavestrangeideasaboutfooD.ForexamplethetomatoisakindofverydeliciousvegetablE.Itisoneofusefulplantsthatcanbepreparedinmanyways.Ithasrichnutritionandvitamininit.Butinthe18thcenturyAmericansneveratetomatoes.Theygrewthemintheirgardensbecausetomatoplantsaresopretty.Buttheythoughtthevegetablewaspoisonous有毒的.Theycalledtomatoespoisonapples.PresidentThomasJeffersonhoweverknewthattomatoesweregoodtoeat.Hewasalearnedman.HehadbeentoPariswherehelearnedtolovethetasteoftomatoes.Hegrewmanykindsoftomatoesinhisgarden.ThePresidenttaughthiscookawayforacreamoftomatosoup.ThisbeautifulpinksoupwasservedatthePresident’sparty.ThegueststhoughtthesouptastedreallygooD.Theyneverthoughttheirpresidentwouldservehishonoredguestspoisonapples.Jeffersonneverspoketohishonoredguestsaboutthefact.60.ThepassagetellsusthatJeffersonwasapresidentwholearnedtolovethetasteoftomatoes.A.whilehewasinParisB.whenhewasalittleboyC.becausehisparentstoldhimsoD.frombooks61.Accordingtothetext_______madethebeautifulpinksoupservedatthePresident’sparty.A.thePresidenthimselfB.aFrenchcookC.thePresident’scookD.thePresident’swife62.FromthepassageweknowallthehonoredguestsinvitedbyJeffersonwere.A.peoplefromothercountriesB.peopleofhisowncountryC.fromFranceD.menonly63.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AlloftheguestsknewthesoupthatwasservedatthePresident’spartywasmadeoftomatoes.B.AllofthegueststhoughtthesoupwhichwaspreparedbythePresident’scookwasnicE.C.AllofthegueststhoughtthetasteofthebeautifulpinksoupwasnicE.D.Noneoftheguestsknewthattheirpresidentwouldservehishonoredguestspoisonapples.
IttakesauniqueapproachtoteachingcultureandEnglishtogether.Itiseasytoreadandcombinehumorandusefulexpressionsinonebook.Itisbyfaroneofthemostcompletelanguageusagereferencebooksonthemarkettoday.ItaddressessomeofthemostcommonmistakesinEnglishandprovidesclearexamplestodemonstrateandexplaintheseerrors.Thisbookcanbeusedasareferencebooktoenhanceone’svocabularyforoverallcomprehensionand/ordifferentacademictestsliketheGMATorTOEFL.Itpresentswordsbythemeratherthanthrowingvocabularyatstudentsinaveryunorganizedandrandomway.Itdoesagoodjobofintroducingandhelpingstudentspracticevocabularyatabasiclevel.Itisanamazingstoryaboutastudentandhisformerteacherandtherelationshiptheydevelopinthefaceofdeath.A.perfectbookforreadinginclasses.OftenstudentsthinkthatstudyingfortheTOEFLissimplyamatteroflearningmoregrammar.Howeverthisbookhelpsstudentslearntest-takingstrategiesthathelpareaderstayfocusedontheskillstheyreallyneeD.请阅读以下人员信息然后匹配人员与书籍46.TongZhixiaplanstodohermaster’sinUSAaftershegraduatesfromBeijingUniversitynextyear.NowshehastopassaseriesoftestslikeTOEFL.Whatworrieshernowisthatshehasn’trememberedenoughEnglishwordsforthesetests.Nowsheneedsabooktohelpherremembermoreofthem.47.PatrickispreparingtotaketheTOEFLtestsohecanenterauniversityinCanadA.HeisdoingwellinEnglishbutdidn’tgetsatisfactoryresultsinthelastseveralmodeltests.Histeacheradvisedhimtolearnsomekindsofskillsforthetestandhe’slookingforabooktohelphimself.48.JessicafromFranceismovingtoUSAwithherboyfriendJacquesandtheywillprobablystaythereforthecoming5years.Shespeaksthelanguageofthatcountrywellbutisstillconsideringbuyingabookfromwhichshewishestolearnmoreaboutthelanguageandcultureinthatcountry.49.AsanEnglishteacherMissJenkinsalwaystriestomakeherclassesinteresting.Sheisconsideringusingabookinherreadingclasseswithsuccesssoshe’snowtryingtofindsuchabook.ShehopesthebooktellsstoriesthatherstudentswilllikE.50.LinFengenteredtheseniorhighschoollastSeptember.HeknowsthatvocabularyisimportantforhislearningEnglishandheisworkingveryhardonit.Howeverhefindsmostbooksofvocabularyaresoboringbecauseinthesebookswordsarealwaysgiveninalphabeticalorder.HewishestofindadifferentonE.
TheSapporoSnowFestivalSapporoYuki-matsuriisafestivalbeingheldeveryyearinSapporoJapanforoversevendaysinFebruary.PresentlyOdoriParkSusukinoandTsudomearethemainplacesofthefestival.The2013Yuki-matsuridatesareFebruary5to11.ThefestivalisoneofJapan’slargestandmosttypicalwinterevents.In200758thFestivalabouttwomillionpeoplevisitedSapporotoseethehundredsoffloatingstatuesandicesculpturesattheOdoriParkandSusukinositesincentralSapporoandattheSatolandsitE.Thefestivalisthoughttobeachanceforpromotinginternationalrelations.InternationalSnowSculptureContesthasbeenheldattheOdoriParksitesince1974and14teamsfromvariousareasoftheworldparticipatedin2008.Thesubjectofthestatuesdiffersandoftenshowsaneventfamousbuildingorpersonfromthepreviousyear.Forexamplein2004therewerestatuesofHidekiMatsuithefamousbaseballplayerwhoatthattimeplayedfortheNewYorkYankees.A.numberofstagesmadeoutofsnowarealsoconstructedandsomeeventsincludingmusicalperformancesarehelD.AttheSatolandsitevisitorscanenjoylongsnowandiceslidesaswellasahugemaze迷宫madeofsnow.VisitorscanalsoenjoyavarietyoflocalfoodsfromalloverHokkaidoattheOdoriParkandSatolandsitessuchasfreshseafoodpotatoesandcornandfreshdairyproducts.EveryyearthenumberofStatuesdisplayedisaround400intotal.In2007therwere307statuescreatedintheOdoriParksite32intheSatolandsiteand100intheSusukinositE.ThebestplacetoviewthecreationsisfromtheTVTowerattheOdoriParksitE.Mostofthestatuesarelightedintheevening.TheSapporoSnowFestivalMuseumisplacedintheHitsujigaokaobservationhill羊之丘展望台inToyohira-kuanddisplayshistoricalmaterialsandmediaofthefestival.41.TheSapporoSnowFestival2013willstartfrom_____.A.February1B.February5C.February7D.February1142.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesubjectofthestatues?A.AneventB.A.famousbuildingC.A.personD.A.county43.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheSapporoSnowFestival?A.Visitorscanseethehundredsofstatuesandicesculptures.B.Japancanpromoteinternationalrelationsthroughthefestival.C.Musicianshaveachanceforgivingmusicalperformances.D.PeoplecanenjoyavarietyoflocalfoodsfromHokkaido.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TherearelongsnowandiceslidesmadeofsnowattheSatolandsitE.B.ThebestplacetoviewthecreationsisfromtheTVTowerattheSatolandsitE.C.TheSapporoSnowFestivalMuseumisplacedinToyohira-ku.D.TherearemanylocalfoodssoldattheOdoriParkandSatolandsites.45.Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom____.A.aculturebookB.aJapanesenovelC.atravelmagazineD.afoodbook
Uhohthenewyear'sjustbegunandalreadyyou'refindingithardtokeepthoseresolutionstojunkthejunkfoodgetoffthecouchorkicksmoking.There'sabiologicalreasonwhyalotofourbadhabitsaresohardtobreak—theygetdeeprootedinourbrains.That'snotanexcusetogiveup.UnderstandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomedeeprootedhasscientistslearningsometricksthatmayhelpgoodhabitsreplacethebaD.Whyarebadhabitsstronger?You'refightingagainstthepowerofanimmediaterewarD.Weallascreaturesgivegreatervaluetoanimmediaterewardthansomethingthat'sdelayedsaysDrNoraVolkowdirectoroftheNationalInstituteonDrugAbusE.Justhowthatbitofhappinessturnsintoahabitinvolvesapleasuresensingchemicalnameddopamine多巴胺.Ittrainsthebraintowantthatrewardagainandagain—increasingtheconnectioneachtime—especiallywhenitgetstherightcue暗示fromyourenvironment.Peopletendtooverestimatetheirabilitytoresisttemptationsaroundthemthusdestroyingattemptstogetridofbadhabits.Evenscientistswhorecognizeitfindithardtoresist.Idon'tlikepopcorn.ButeverytimeIgotothecinemaIhavetoeatitVolkowsays.It'sfascinating.Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmaymakeuseofthatconnectionassomecompaniesofferemployeesimmediatepaymentsforadoptingbetterhabits.Howeverpayingforbehaviorturnsoutresearcherssaytherearesomestepsthatmayhelpcounteryourbrain'sholdonbadhabits:repeatrepeatrepeatthenewbehavior—thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.DeterminedtoexerciseDoingitatthesametimeofthemorningmakesthebrainrecognizethehabiteventually.Ifyoudon'tdoityoufeelawful.Exerciseitselfraisesdopaminelevelssoeventuallyyourbrainwillgetafeelgoodhitevenifyourmusclesprotest.RewardyourselfwithsomethingyoureallydesireVolkowstresses.Youexercisedallweek?Stucktoyourdiet?Buyabookagreatpairofjeansortryafancyrestaurant.20.What'sthesubjectivereasonforbeinghardtobreakbadbehaviors?A.Somebehaviorsgetdeeprootedinourbrains.B.WepreferanimmediaterewarD.C.Wevaluedelayedgifts.D.WeareallcreaturesofnaturE.21.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordconnectioninParagraph3referto?A.Pleasureandbehavior.B.BrainandrewarD.C.HappinessanddopaminE.D.Cueandenvironment.22.Itcanbeinferredthatthehigherthedopaminelevelis________.A.theharderitisforyoutobreakthebadhabitB.thelesspleasureyouwillgetC.thestrongerbadhabitswillbecomeD.themoreyou'llwanttogetareward23.WhydoesVolkoweatpopcorneventhoughhedoesn'tlikeit?A.Becauseherecognizestheimportanceofhim.B.Becauseitisneededfornormalgrowthofthebody.C.Becausehecan'tresistthetemptationofit.D.Becauseitmakeshimrelaxedtoeatpopcornwhileseeingfilms.
Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-poxadiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforestsuddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwestit’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.Mostoftheinfections感染wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimalssaysStephenMorsedirectoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.It’snotjustthatwe’regoingtowheretheanimalsare;we’realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.A.strangeillnesskilledIsakson’spetsandshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadideA.Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthemsaysIsakson.LawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchangingsaysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.A.newbug病毒maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful.Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdiseasE.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson60.WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepersoldattheshopmay________.A.comefromColumbiaB.preventusfrombeinginfectedC.enjoybeingwithchildrenD.sufferfrommonkey-pox61.WhydidIsaksonadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?A.Theyattackhumanbeings.B.Weneedtostudynativeanimals.C.Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest.D.Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet62.Whatdoesthephrasethewake-upcallinparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.anewdiseaseB.aclearwarningC.adangerousanimalD.amorningcall63.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe_______.A.mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB.mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC.shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD.shouldstopbuyingpestsfromAfrica
Tobeagoodteacheryouneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor;youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyouraudience;youmustbeaclearspeakerwithagoodstrongpleasantvoicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeabletoactwhatyouareteachinginordertomakeitsmeaningclear.Watchagoodteacherandyouwillseethathedoesn’tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksaboutusinghisarmshandsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanationsandhisfacetoexpressfeelings.Thereareveryimportantdifferencesbetweentheteacher’sworkandtheactor’s.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpartevenhismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusuallyfixedbeforehand预先.WhathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseemnaturalonthestagE.A.goodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestionstheyobeyordersandiftheydon’tunderstandanythingtheysayso.Theteachercan’tlearnhispartbyheartbutmustinventitashegoesalong.Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan’tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordgiftsmean?A.presentsB.knowledgeC.skillsD.advantages27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.A.goodteachershouldspeakclearly.B.A.goodteachershouldsitstillbeforehisclassandspeakwithhisbodylanguagE.C.A.goodactorshouldspeakasothershaveaskedhimtodo.D.A.goodactorshouldrepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart.28.Theskillsofagoodteacherare________.A.drawhisstudents’attentionB.changehisvoicewhenneededC.actoutwhatheisteachingD.alltheabove29.Fromthepassageweknow_______________.A.agoodteachershouldbeagoodactorB.agoodteachermaybeunabletoactwellonthestageC.agoodactorshouldbeagoodteacherD.agoodactormayactwellinclass30.Thetitle标题ofthepassageis_____________.A.HowtobeagoodteacherB.HowtobeagoodactorC.A.goodteacher’sknowledgeD.A.goodactor’sbehavior
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