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AIDS AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The human...
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DatafromVoyagerIIhavepresentedastronomerswitha{{U}}puzzle{{/U}}aboutwhyouroutermostplanetexists.
Thelatestcarmodel{{U}}embodies{{/U}}manynewimprovements.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?PregnantWomenWarnedAboutACEInhibitor{{/B}}??Someofthe mostcommonlyusedmedicinesforhighbloodpressurearedrugscalledACE inhibitors.Doctorshavegiventhesedrugstopatientsfortwenty-fiveyears.A governmentstudyintheUnitedStatesfoundthattheusealmostdoubledbetween 1995and2000.??Doctorshaveknownforyearsthatwomenshould nottakeACEinhibitorsduringthelastsixmonthsofpregnancy.Themedicine caninjurethebaby.ACEinhibitorsthoughhavebeenconsideredsafewhen takenduringthefirstthreemonths.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatwomenwho takethesedrugsearlyintheirpregnancystillincreasetheriskofbirth disorders.Thestudyshowsthatcomparedtootherstheirbabieswerealmost threetimesaslikelytobebornwithmajorproblems.Theseincludedproblems withtheformationofthebrainandnervoussystemandholesinthe heart.??Theresearcherssaytheyfoundnoincreasedriskinwomen whotookotherbloodpressuremedicinesduringthefirstthreemonths. ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandBostonUniversitydidthe study.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine4publishedtheresults.The researchersstudiedtherecordsofalmostthirtythousandbirthsbetween1985 and2000.TwohundredninebabieswereborntowomenwhotookACEinhibitors duringthefirstthreemonthsoftheirpregnancies.Eighteenofthebabiesor almostninepercenthadmajordisorders.??ACEinhibitorsare oftengiventopatientswithdiabetes.Butdiabetesduringpregnancycanresult inbirthdefects.Sothestudydidnotincludeanywomenknowntobediabetic. ACEinhibitorssuppressaproteincalledangiotensin-convertingenzymeorACE. Thisenzymeproducesachemicalinthebodythatmakesbloodpassagesnarrow. Thedrugsincreasetheflowofbloodsopressureisreduced.??New drugsaretestedonpregnantanimalstoseeiftheymightcausebirthdefectsin humans.Butexpertssaythesetestsarenotalwaysdependable.TheUnitedStates FoodandDrugAdministration6helpedpayforthestudy.TheF.D.A.sayswomen whomightbecomepregnantshouldtalkwiththeirdoctoraboutotherwaysto treathighbloodpressure.FDAsuggeststhatpregnantwomenwithhighbloodpressureshouldconsult______.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?PregnantWomenWarnedAboutACEInhibitor{{/B}}??Someofthe mostcommonlyusedmedicinesforhighbloodpressurearedrugscalledACE inhibitors.Doctorshavegiventhesedrugstopatientsfortwenty-fiveyears.A governmentstudyintheUnitedStatesfoundthattheusealmostdoubledbetween 1995and2000.??Doctorshaveknownforyearsthatwomenshould nottakeACEinhibitorsduringthelastsixmonthsofpregnancy.Themedicine caninjurethebaby.ACEinhibitorsthoughhavebeenconsideredsafewhen takenduringthefirstthreemonths.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatwomenwho takethesedrugsearlyintheirpregnancystillincreasetheriskofbirth disorders.Thestudyshowsthatcomparedtootherstheirbabieswerealmost threetimesaslikelytobebornwithmajorproblems.Theseincludedproblems withtheformationofthebrainandnervoussystemandholesinthe heart.??Theresearcherssaytheyfoundnoincreasedriskinwomen whotookotherbloodpressuremedicinesduringthefirstthreemonths. ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandBostonUniversitydidthe study.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine4publishedtheresults.The researchersstudiedtherecordsofalmostthirtythousandbirthsbetween1985 and2000.TwohundredninebabieswereborntowomenwhotookACEinhibitors duringthefirstthreemonthsoftheirpregnancies.Eighteenofthebabiesor almostninepercenthadmajordisorders.??ACEinhibitorsare oftengiventopatientswithdiabetes.Butdiabetesduringpregnancycanresult inbirthdefects.Sothestudydidnotincludeanywomenknowntobediabetic. ACEinhibitorssuppressaproteincalledangiotensin-convertingenzymeorACE. Thisenzymeproducesachemicalinthebodythatmakesbloodpassagesnarrow. Thedrugsincreasetheflowofbloodsopressureisreduced.??New drugsaretestedonpregnantanimalstoseeiftheymightcausebirthdefectsin humans.Butexpertssaythesetestsarenotalwaysdependable.TheUnitedStates FoodandDrugAdministration6helpedpayforthestudy.TheF.D.A.sayswomen whomightbecomepregnantshouldtalkwiththeirdoctoraboutotherwaysto treathighbloodpressure.Evidenceshowedonlyasmallpercentageofbabiessufferedmajordisorders______.
Thispoem{{U}}depicts{{/U}}thebeautifulsceneryofasmalltownintheSouth.
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 64.
Somepeoplecanquiteaccuratelytimetheendoftheirnight’ssleepatwillwithoutusinganalarmclockdemonstratingthatitispossibletovoluntarilycontrolastateofconsciousnessthatischaracterizedbyalossofvolitionandattentionalguidance.Hereweshowthattheexpectationthatsleepwillcometoanendatacertaintimeinducesamarkedincreaseintheconcentrationofthehormoneadrenocorticotriopin促肾上腺皮质激素inthebloodonehourbeforewaking.Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleaseduringnocturnalsleepisthereforenotconfinedtodailyrhythms;46 47 Normallythereleaseofadrenocorticotropinandcortisol皮质醇increasesduringlatestagesofsleepingreachingadailymaximumatthetimeofspontaneouswaking.Adrenocorticotropinandcortisolarealsoreleasedfromthepituitary-adrenalsysteminamajoradaptiveresponsetostressandaresecretedinanticipationofstressfulevents.Weinvestigatedwhethertheincreaseinthesecretionofpituitary-adrenalhormonesduringthelatestagesofsleepinginpartreflectsanticipationofthe’stress’ofthewakingphase.48 Wemaderecordingsofelectroencephalogramelectrooculogramandelectromyogramthroughoutthenightandtookbloodsamplesevery15minutestodetermineplasmaconcentrationsofadrenocorticortropinandcortisol.Lightswereturnedoffatmidnightaftersubjectshadbeentoldtheywouldbewokenateither6:00’shortsleep’ononenightor9:00’longsleep’ontheothertwonights.Ononeofthelong-sleepnightstheywerewokenat9:00astheyexpectedbutontheothernighttheywereinsteadwokenat6:00’surprise’underthepretenceofatechnicalproblem.49 Weinterviewedthevolunteersattheendoftheexperimentsandfoundthatallbutoneofthesubjectshadexpectedtobewokenupatthespecifiedtime.Theorderofthethreeexperimentalnightswasbalancedacrosssubjectswithfivesubjectsstartingwithshortsleepfivewithlongsleepandfivewiththesurprisecondition.Theincreaseinadrenocorticotropinreleasebeforetheexpectedtimeofwakingindicatesthatanticipationwhichisgenerallyconsideredtobeauniquecharacteristicoftheregulationofconsciousactionpervadessleep50 Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleasepointstoamechanismthatquicklyadjustsendocrineactivitytosharpchangesintheduration. A.Theregulationofsleepterminationhasbeenthoughttoembeddedinadailyrhythmcontrollinginparallelingthereleaseofpituitaryandadrenalhormones. B.Fifteenhealthyvolunteerswithregularsleep-wakerhythmswerestudiedduringthreenights.C.Italsoreflectsapreparatoryprocessinanticipationoftheendofsleep D.Afterbeingwokensubjectsstayedinbedforanotherthreehours E.Theanticipatoryadrenocorticotropinincreasemayalsofacilitatespontaneouswaking F.About10millionAmericansconsultdoctorssleepproblemseachyear 46.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?PregnantWomenWarnedAboutACEInhibitor{{/B}}??Someofthe mostcommonlyusedmedicinesforhighbloodpressurearedrugscalledACE inhibitors.Doctorshavegiventhesedrugstopatientsfortwenty-fiveyears.A governmentstudyintheUnitedStatesfoundthattheusealmostdoubledbetween 1995and2000.??Doctorshaveknownforyearsthatwomenshould nottakeACEinhibitorsduringthelastsixmonthsofpregnancy.Themedicine caninjurethebaby.ACEinhibitorsthoughhavebeenconsideredsafewhen takenduringthefirstthreemonths.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatwomenwho takethesedrugsearlyintheirpregnancystillincreasetheriskofbirth disorders.Thestudyshowsthatcomparedtootherstheirbabieswerealmost threetimesaslikelytobebornwithmajorproblems.Theseincludedproblems withtheformationofthebrainandnervoussystemandholesinthe heart.??Theresearcherssaytheyfoundnoincreasedriskinwomen whotookotherbloodpressuremedicinesduringthefirstthreemonths. ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandBostonUniversitydidthe study.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine4publishedtheresults.The researchersstudiedtherecordsofalmostthirtythousandbirthsbetween1985 and2000.TwohundredninebabieswereborntowomenwhotookACEinhibitors duringthefirstthreemonthsoftheirpregnancies.Eighteenofthebabiesor almostninepercenthadmajordisorders.??ACEinhibitorsare oftengiventopatientswithdiabetes.Butdiabetesduringpregnancycanresult inbirthdefects.Sothestudydidnotincludeanywomenknowntobediabetic. ACEinhibitorssuppressaproteincalledangiotensin-convertingenzymeorACE. Thisenzymeproducesachemicalinthebodythatmakesbloodpassagesnarrow. Thedrugsincreasetheflowofbloodsopressureisreduced.??New drugsaretestedonpregnantanimalstoseeiftheymightcausebirthdefectsin humans.Butexpertssaythesetestsarenotalwaysdependable.TheUnitedStates FoodandDrugAdministration6helpedpayforthestudy.TheF.D.A.sayswomen whomightbecomepregnantshouldtalkwiththeirdoctoraboutotherwaysto treathighbloodpressure.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????? Sleep{{/B}}??Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleof activityisofsome7---8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16--17hours’ wakefulnessandthatbroadlyspeakingthesleepnormallycoincideswiththe hoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextent thiscyclecanbemodified.??Thequestionisnomereacademic one.Thecaseforexamplewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkingintheday toworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhere automationcallsinsistentlyforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.It normallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversed routineofsleepandwakefulnesssleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight. Unfortunatelyitisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedevery week;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek8amto4pmthe nextand4pmto12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhas hegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother4sothatmuchof histimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.? ?Oneanswerwouldseemtobelongerperiodsoneachshiftamonthoreven threemonths.RecentresearchbyBonjeroftheNetherlandshoweverhasshown thatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttotheirnormalhabitsofsleepand wakefulnessduringtheweekendsandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany adaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.??Theonlyreal solutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoacorpsofpermanent nightworkerswhosenocturnalwakefulnessmaypersistthroughallweekendsand holidays.?Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthof night-shiftworkerswascardedoutbyBrown.Shefoundahighincidenceof disturbedsleepdigestivedisorderanddomesticdisruptionamongthoseon alternatingdayandnightshiftsbutnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesesymptoms amongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Accordingtothepassagethebestsolutiontotheproblemseemstobe
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 58.
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 56.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????? Sleep{{/B}}??Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleof activityisofsome7---8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16--17hours’ wakefulnessandthatbroadlyspeakingthesleepnormallycoincideswiththe hoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextent thiscyclecanbemodified.??Thequestionisnomereacademic one.Thecaseforexamplewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkingintheday toworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhere automationcallsinsistentlyforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.It normallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversed routineofsleepandwakefulnesssleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight. Unfortunatelyitisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedevery week;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek8amto4pmthe nextand4pmto12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhas hegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother4sothatmuchof histimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.? ?Oneanswerwouldseemtobelongerperiodsoneachshiftamonthoreven threemonths.RecentresearchbyBonjeroftheNetherlandshoweverhasshown thatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttotheirnormalhabitsofsleepand wakefulnessduringtheweekendsandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany adaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.??Theonlyreal solutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoacorpsofpermanent nightworkerswhosenocturnalwakefulnessmaypersistthroughallweekendsand holidays.?Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthof night-shiftworkerswascardedoutbyBrown.Shefoundahighincidenceof disturbedsleepdigestivedisorderanddomesticdisruptionamongthoseon alternatingdayandnightshiftsbutnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesesymptoms amongthoseonpermanentnightwork.ThequestionraisedinParagraph1isnomereacademicone
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ???EatingPotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystema Boost{{/B}}??Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealthbut alsoforthewholeimmunesystemespeciallywhentheycomeintheformofa potatosaladoreatencold.InastudyonananimalmodelresearchersinSpain foundthatpigsfedlargequantitiesofrawpotatostarchRPSnotonlyhada healthierbowelbutalsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcellssuchas leucocytesandlymphocytesintheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasa resultofinflammationordiseasegenerallywhenthebodyis challenged.??Thegeneraldown-regulationofleucocytesobserved bytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsanoverallbeneficialeffectagenerally morehealthybody.Thereductioninleucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lower lymphocytelevelsarealsoindicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammationbutthe observedreductioninbothlymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisis surprising.??Inwhatwasthelongeststudyofitskindpigswere fedRPSover14weekstofindouttheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.Theuse ofrawpotatostarchinthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofa diethighinresistantstarchsaidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezatthe Universitat.AutonomadeBarcelonaSpain.??Humansdonoteatraw potatoesbuttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarchsuchas coldboiledpotatoeslegumesgrainsgreenbananaspastaandcereals.About 10percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch--starchthatis notdigestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedintothelargeintestine whereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflarge bowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome IBS??ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman’steampreviouslyfoundthat theoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatientsbutthatlymphocytes aretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegutwhichsupportthe hypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.Shesays thedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.Ohmanis currentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicineGoteborgUniversitySweden. ThestudyispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustrythemagazineof theSCI.AllofthefollowingfoodsarerichinresistantstarchEXCEPT
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 60.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ?PrivacyWorryMayKeepHIVPatientsfromTherapy{{/B}}? ?PatientsinfectedwithHIVareoftenconcernedabouttheconfidentiality oftheirHIV-positivestatus.Infactsomepatientsaresoworriedthatthey willactuallygiveuptreatmenttopreventthereleaseofthisinformation accordingtoareportpublishedintheAugustissueofAIDSCare.? ?Dr.KathrynWhetten-GoldsteinandcolleaguesfromDukeUniversityDurham NorthCarolinastudiedtheconfidentialityissuesof15HIV-infectedpatients fromruralNorthCarolinalocations.Theyweredividedintogroupsdesignedto exploretheirattitudestowardandexperienceswithbreachesin confidentiality.??Thefearofabreachinconfidentialityis definitelyaffectingthecarethatHIV-infectedpatientsreceive Whetten-Goldsteinsaid.?Moststudiedpatientshadexperiencedorknew someonewhohadexperiencedabreachinconfidentiality.??Two typesofbreachesoccurredWhetten-Goldsteinnoted.Thefirstwasamore obvioustypeofbreach.Oneexamplewasanursewhotoldherchildthather patientwasHIV-positiveoutofconcernthatherchildwouldplaywiththe patient’schild.??Theothertypeofbreachwasmoresubtleone thatprovidersmightnotconsiderbreachesWhetten-Goldsteinexplained.This typeofbreachinvolvesproviderstalkingaboutapatient’sHIVstatuswithout thepatient’sknowledgeoftheinteraction.??Thelawallowsthe sharingofinformationbetweenproviderswithinthesameinstitutionbut patient’sconsentmustbeobtainedbeforeprovidersatdifferentinstitutions canshareinformationshepointedout.??Patientsinthestudy wantedproviderstotellthemwhentheyaregoingtoshareinformationwith otherprovidersandwhyitisbeingdoneWhetten-Goldsteinsaid.Theyalso feltthatprovidersshouldbepunishedwhenabreachoccurs.? ?Howeverbecausepatientsareoftenreluctanttoseeklegalactionwhich mayfurtherexposetheirstatustheyfeltthatthesystemshouldregulate itselfsheadded.Quiteafewpatientswillfirmlydefendtheirownrightifsuchabreachoccurs.
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Somepeoplecanquiteaccuratelytimetheendoftheirnight’ssleepatwillwithoutusinganalarmclockdemonstratingthatitispossibletovoluntarilycontrolastateofconsciousnessthatischaracterizedbyalossofvolitionandattentionalguidance.Hereweshowthattheexpectationthatsleepwillcometoanendatacertaintimeinducesamarkedincreaseintheconcentrationofthehormoneadrenocorticotriopin促肾上腺皮质激素inthebloodonehourbeforewaking.Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleaseduringnocturnalsleepisthereforenotconfinedtodailyrhythms;46 47 Normallythereleaseofadrenocorticotropinandcortisol皮质醇increasesduringlatestagesofsleepingreachingadailymaximumatthetimeofspontaneouswaking.Adrenocorticotropinandcortisolarealsoreleasedfromthepituitary-adrenalsysteminamajoradaptiveresponsetostressandaresecretedinanticipationofstressfulevents.Weinvestigatedwhethertheincreaseinthesecretionofpituitary-adrenalhormonesduringthelatestagesofsleepinginpartreflectsanticipationofthe’stress’ofthewakingphase.48 Wemaderecordingsofelectroencephalogramelectrooculogramandelectromyogramthroughoutthenightandtookbloodsamplesevery15minutestodetermineplasmaconcentrationsofadrenocorticortropinandcortisol.Lightswereturnedoffatmidnightaftersubjectshadbeentoldtheywouldbewokenateither6:00’shortsleep’ononenightor9:00’longsleep’ontheothertwonights.Ononeofthelong-sleepnightstheywerewokenat9:00astheyexpectedbutontheothernighttheywereinsteadwokenat6:00’surprise’underthepretenceofatechnicalproblem.49 Weinterviewedthevolunteersattheendoftheexperimentsandfoundthatallbutoneofthesubjectshadexpectedtobewokenupatthespecifiedtime.Theorderofthethreeexperimentalnightswasbalancedacrosssubjectswithfivesubjectsstartingwithshortsleepfivewithlongsleepandfivewiththesurprisecondition.Theincreaseinadrenocorticotropinreleasebeforetheexpectedtimeofwakingindicatesthatanticipationwhichisgenerallyconsideredtobeauniquecharacteristicoftheregulationofconsciousactionpervadessleep50 Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleasepointstoamechanismthatquicklyadjustsendocrineactivitytosharpchangesintheduration. A.Theregulationofsleepterminationhasbeenthoughttoembeddedinadailyrhythmcontrollinginparallelingthereleaseofpituitaryandadrenalhormones. B.Fifteenhealthyvolunteerswithregularsleep-wakerhythmswerestudiedduringthreenights.C.Italsoreflectsapreparatoryprocessinanticipationoftheendofsleep D.Afterbeingwokensubjectsstayedinbedforanotherthreehours E.Theanticipatoryadrenocorticotropinincreasemayalsofacilitatespontaneouswaking F.About10millionAmericansconsultdoctorssleepproblemseachyear 48.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?PregnantWomenWarnedAboutACEInhibitor{{/B}}??Someofthe mostcommonlyusedmedicinesforhighbloodpressurearedrugscalledACE inhibitors.Doctorshavegiventhesedrugstopatientsfortwenty-fiveyears.A governmentstudyintheUnitedStatesfoundthattheusealmostdoubledbetween 1995and2000.??Doctorshaveknownforyearsthatwomenshould nottakeACEinhibitorsduringthelastsixmonthsofpregnancy.Themedicine caninjurethebaby.ACEinhibitorsthoughhavebeenconsideredsafewhen takenduringthefirstthreemonths.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatwomenwho takethesedrugsearlyintheirpregnancystillincreasetheriskofbirth disorders.Thestudyshowsthatcomparedtootherstheirbabieswerealmost threetimesaslikelytobebornwithmajorproblems.Theseincludedproblems withtheformationofthebrainandnervoussystemandholesinthe heart.??Theresearcherssaytheyfoundnoincreasedriskinwomen whotookotherbloodpressuremedicinesduringthefirstthreemonths. ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandBostonUniversitydidthe study.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine4publishedtheresults.The researchersstudiedtherecordsofalmostthirtythousandbirthsbetween1985 and2000.TwohundredninebabieswereborntowomenwhotookACEinhibitors duringthefirstthreemonthsoftheirpregnancies.Eighteenofthebabiesor almostninepercenthadmajordisorders.??ACEinhibitorsare oftengiventopatientswithdiabetes.Butdiabetesduringpregnancycanresult inbirthdefects.Sothestudydidnotincludeanywomenknowntobediabetic. ACEinhibitorssuppressaproteincalledangiotensin-convertingenzymeorACE. Thisenzymeproducesachemicalinthebodythatmakesbloodpassagesnarrow. Thedrugsincreasetheflowofbloodsopressureisreduced.??New drugsaretestedonpregnantanimalstoseeiftheymightcausebirthdefectsin humans.Butexpertssaythesetestsarenotalwaysdependable.TheUnitedStates FoodandDrugAdministration6helpedpayforthestudy.TheF.D.A.sayswomen whomightbecomepregnantshouldtalkwiththeirdoctoraboutotherwaysto treathighbloodpressure.Paragraph4______
Whycan'tyoustopyour{{U}}eternal{{/U}}complaining!
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 54.
Aftersupperweusuallytakea{{U}}stroll{{/U}}aroundtheparkforaboutanhour.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????? Sleep{{/B}}??Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleof activityisofsome7---8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16--17hours’ wakefulnessandthatbroadlyspeakingthesleepnormallycoincideswiththe hoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextent thiscyclecanbemodified.??Thequestionisnomereacademic one.Thecaseforexamplewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkingintheday toworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhere automationcallsinsistentlyforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.It normallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversed routineofsleepandwakefulnesssleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight. Unfortunatelyitisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedevery week;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek8amto4pmthe nextand4pmto12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhas hegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother4sothatmuchof histimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.? ?Oneanswerwouldseemtobelongerperiodsoneachshiftamonthoreven threemonths.RecentresearchbyBonjeroftheNetherlandshoweverhasshown thatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttotheirnormalhabitsofsleepand wakefulnessduringtheweekendsandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyany adaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.??Theonlyreal solutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoacorpsofpermanent nightworkerswhosenocturnalwakefulnessmaypersistthroughallweekendsand holidays.?Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthof night-shiftworkerswascardedoutbyBrown.Shefoundahighincidenceof disturbedsleepdigestivedisorderanddomesticdisruptionamongthoseon alternatingdayandnightshiftsbutnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesesymptoms amongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphanothermeans
Somepeoplecanquiteaccuratelytimetheendoftheirnight’ssleepatwillwithoutusinganalarmclockdemonstratingthatitispossibletovoluntarilycontrolastateofconsciousnessthatischaracterizedbyalossofvolitionandattentionalguidance.Hereweshowthattheexpectationthatsleepwillcometoanendatacertaintimeinducesamarkedincreaseintheconcentrationofthehormoneadrenocorticotriopin促肾上腺皮质激素inthebloodonehourbeforewaking.Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleaseduringnocturnalsleepisthereforenotconfinedtodailyrhythms;46 47 Normallythereleaseofadrenocorticotropinandcortisol皮质醇increasesduringlatestagesofsleepingreachingadailymaximumatthetimeofspontaneouswaking.Adrenocorticotropinandcortisolarealsoreleasedfromthepituitary-adrenalsysteminamajoradaptiveresponsetostressandaresecretedinanticipationofstressfulevents.Weinvestigatedwhethertheincreaseinthesecretionofpituitary-adrenalhormonesduringthelatestagesofsleepinginpartreflectsanticipationofthe’stress’ofthewakingphase.48 Wemaderecordingsofelectroencephalogramelectrooculogramandelectromyogramthroughoutthenightandtookbloodsamplesevery15minutestodetermineplasmaconcentrationsofadrenocorticortropinandcortisol.Lightswereturnedoffatmidnightaftersubjectshadbeentoldtheywouldbewokenateither6:00’shortsleep’ononenightor9:00’longsleep’ontheothertwonights.Ononeofthelong-sleepnightstheywerewokenat9:00astheyexpectedbutontheothernighttheywereinsteadwokenat6:00’surprise’underthepretenceofatechnicalproblem.49 Weinterviewedthevolunteersattheendoftheexperimentsandfoundthatallbutoneofthesubjectshadexpectedtobewokenupatthespecifiedtime.Theorderofthethreeexperimentalnightswasbalancedacrosssubjectswithfivesubjectsstartingwithshortsleepfivewithlongsleepandfivewiththesurprisecondition.Theincreaseinadrenocorticotropinreleasebeforetheexpectedtimeofwakingindicatesthatanticipationwhichisgenerallyconsideredtobeauniquecharacteristicoftheregulationofconsciousactionpervadessleep50 Theregulationofadrenocorticotropinreleasepointstoamechanismthatquicklyadjustsendocrineactivitytosharpchangesintheduration. A.Theregulationofsleepterminationhasbeenthoughttoembeddedinadailyrhythmcontrollinginparallelingthereleaseofpituitaryandadrenalhormones. B.Fifteenhealthyvolunteerswithregularsleep-wakerhythmswerestudiedduringthreenights.C.Italsoreflectsapreparatoryprocessinanticipationoftheendofsleep D.Afterbeingwokensubjectsstayedinbedforanotherthreehours E.Theanticipatoryadrenocorticotropinincreasemayalsofacilitatespontaneouswaking F.About10millionAmericansconsultdoctorssleepproblemseachyear 50.
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 62.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ?PrivacyWorryMayKeepHIVPatientsfromTherapy{{/B}}? ?PatientsinfectedwithHIVareoftenconcernedabouttheconfidentiality oftheirHIV-positivestatus.Infactsomepatientsaresoworriedthatthey willactuallygiveuptreatmenttopreventthereleaseofthisinformation accordingtoareportpublishedintheAugustissueofAIDSCare.? ?Dr.KathrynWhetten-GoldsteinandcolleaguesfromDukeUniversityDurham NorthCarolinastudiedtheconfidentialityissuesof15HIV-infectedpatients fromruralNorthCarolinalocations.Theyweredividedintogroupsdesignedto exploretheirattitudestowardandexperienceswithbreachesin confidentiality.??Thefearofabreachinconfidentialityis definitelyaffectingthecarethatHIV-infectedpatientsreceive Whetten-Goldsteinsaid.?Moststudiedpatientshadexperiencedorknew someonewhohadexperiencedabreachinconfidentiality.??Two typesofbreachesoccurredWhetten-Goldsteinnoted.Thefirstwasamore obvioustypeofbreach.Oneexamplewasanursewhotoldherchildthather patientwasHIV-positiveoutofconcernthatherchildwouldplaywiththe patient’schild.??Theothertypeofbreachwasmoresubtleone thatprovidersmightnotconsiderbreachesWhetten-Goldsteinexplained.This typeofbreachinvolvesproviderstalkingaboutapatient’sHIVstatuswithout thepatient’sknowledgeoftheinteraction.??Thelawallowsthe sharingofinformationbetweenproviderswithinthesameinstitutionbut patient’sconsentmustbeobtainedbeforeprovidersatdifferentinstitutions canshareinformationshepointedout.??Patientsinthestudy wantedproviderstotellthemwhentheyaregoingtoshareinformationwith otherprovidersandwhyitisbeingdoneWhetten-Goldsteinsaid.Theyalso feltthatprovidersshouldbepunishedwhenabreachoccurs.? ?Howeverbecausepatientsareoftenreluctanttoseeklegalactionwhich mayfurtherexposetheirstatustheyfeltthatthesystemshouldregulate itselfsheadded.WhetheraHIV-infectedpatientagreestoothernothismedicalworkers’sharingtheinformationabouthisHIVstatusisoneoftherightsgivenbytheconstitution.
Thickclouds{{U}}obscured{{/U}}thestarsfromview.
Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressionin51ageanewinternationalstudysuggests. ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}}52{{/U}}genderculturegeographywealthjobhistoryeducationandmarriageorparentalstatus. "Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant’U’53 throughlife"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland."Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsandbottomsout54 your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour55 healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofouryouth." Thefindingwas56 onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"57 between1981and2004inNorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004—2007survey58 nearly1millionBritons. Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof59. IntheUnitedStateshoweversomeas-yetunexplained60 differenceswereobservedwithhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheirNadiraroundtheageof40. Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy61—afactthatmighthaveskewedtheoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness62 mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenableaspirationsfollowedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured63 othersdidnot. "Thatsaidsomemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral64ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare65 intheir40sthisisnormalitisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp." 52.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ?PrivacyWorryMayKeepHIVPatientsfromTherapy{{/B}}? ?PatientsinfectedwithHIVareoftenconcernedabouttheconfidentiality oftheirHIV-positivestatus.Infactsomepatientsaresoworriedthatthey willactuallygiveuptreatmenttopreventthereleaseofthisinformation accordingtoareportpublishedintheAugustissueofAIDSCare.? ?Dr.KathrynWhetten-GoldsteinandcolleaguesfromDukeUniversityDurham NorthCarolinastudiedtheconfidentialityissuesof15HIV-infectedpatients fromruralNorthCarolinalocations.Theyweredividedintogroupsdesignedto exploretheirattitudestowardandexperienceswithbreachesin confidentiality.??Thefearofabreachinconfidentialityis definitelyaffectingthecarethatHIV-infectedpatientsreceive Whetten-Goldsteinsaid.?Moststudiedpatientshadexperiencedorknew someonewhohadexperiencedabreachinconfidentiality.??Two typesofbreachesoccurredWhetten-Goldsteinnoted.Thefirstwasamore obvioustypeofbreach.Oneexamplewasanursewhotoldherchildthather patientwasHIV-positiveoutofconcernthatherchildwouldplaywiththe patient’schild.??Theothertypeofbreachwasmoresubtleone thatprovidersmightnotconsiderbreachesWhetten-Goldsteinexplained.This typeofbreachinvolvesproviderstalkingaboutapatient’sHIVstatuswithout thepatient’sknowledgeoftheinteraction.??Thelawallowsthe sharingofinformationbetweenproviderswithinthesameinstitutionbut patient’sconsentmustbeobtainedbeforeprovidersatdifferentinstitutions canshareinformationshepointedout.??Patientsinthestudy wantedproviderstotellthemwhentheyaregoingtoshareinformationwith otherprovidersandwhyitisbeingdoneWhetten-Goldsteinsaid.Theyalso feltthatprovidersshouldbepunishedwhenabreachoccurs.? ?Howeverbecausepatientsareoftenreluctanttoseeklegalactionwhich mayfurtherexposetheirstatustheyfeltthatthesystemshouldregulate itselfsheadded.WorryaboutbreachesinconfidentialityoftheHIVstatushasnothingtodowiththecurativeeffectsonpatients.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ???EatingPotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystema Boost{{/B}}??Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealthbut alsoforthewholeimmunesystemespeciallywhentheycomeintheformofa potatosaladoreatencold.InastudyonananimalmodelresearchersinSpain foundthatpigsfedlargequantitiesofrawpotatostarchRPSnotonlyhada healthierbowelbutalsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcellssuchas leucocytesandlymphocytesintheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasa resultofinflammationordiseasegenerallywhenthebodyis challenged.??Thegeneraldown-regulationofleucocytesobserved bytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsanoverallbeneficialeffectagenerally morehealthybody.Thereductioninleucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lower lymphocytelevelsarealsoindicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammationbutthe observedreductioninbothlymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisis surprising.??Inwhatwasthelongeststudyofitskindpigswere fedRPSover14weekstofindouttheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.Theuse ofrawpotatostarchinthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofa diethighinresistantstarchsaidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezatthe Universitat.AutonomadeBarcelonaSpain.??Humansdonoteatraw potatoesbuttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarchsuchas coldboiledpotatoeslegumesgrainsgreenbananaspastaandcereals.About 10percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch--starchthatis notdigestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedintothelargeintestine whereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflarge bowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome IBS??ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman’steampreviouslyfoundthat theoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatientsbutthatlymphocytes aretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegutwhichsupportthe hypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.Shesays thedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.Ohmanis currentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicineGoteborgUniversitySweden. ThestudyispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustrythemagazineof theSCI.Whatdoesthereductioninleucocytelevelsinthebodymean?
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