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假定某机器原来生产产品A，利润收入为300元，现在改为生产产品B，所花的人工、材料费为220元，则生产产品B的机会成本是( )。
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假定某机器原来生产产品A利润收入为300元现在改为生产产品B所花的人工材料费为220己则生产产品B的
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FoodforLearningInEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. AccordingtothepassageFoodforTrainingwill.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. anyother.Whatisreallyfrightening
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. aSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.
DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue
影响货币供应量的因素主要有______
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. wehavemadenoactualatall
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. He’spartofGenerationM—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones.
我国央行首要调控的货币是
CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafés.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop北tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes"saidGarreau"Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity. WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror
DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Whatdeterminesyourweight
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. YouseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebuttonsaidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.
TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold.WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2
在弗里德曼的货币需求函数中与货币需求成负相关关系的因素有.
RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountriesthewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyargueinofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solutionanyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreallyyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactualatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesufferingnothing.Nosolutionevercomestothemorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhowherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecutedtheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoactswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwaytoatasolution. ifoureffortsweredirectedatuptheslumsandghettos贫民窟
DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:"Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight."HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital
固定资产的账面价值是根据______得出的
FoodforLearningInEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. Accordingtothepassagetraditionalideasaboutwomen.
弗里德曼的货币需求函数中的y表示
CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafés.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop北tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes"saidGarreau"Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleInRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity. WhatareParisiansfamousfor
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudentsJoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmoviessurftheInteractandtext-messagehisfriends.He’spartof"GenerationM"—thosebornafter1985whoupconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogametocellphones."Forusit’severydaylife"saidJuarez18afreshmanCaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramentoCSUS.educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey’reaccessing."They’regeekybuttheydon’tknowwhattowiththeirgeekdom."saidBarbaraO’ConnoraSacramentoStatecommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwidetoimprovestudents’computer-researchskills.Inarecentnationwidetesttotheirtechnological"literacy"theirabilitytousetheInteracttocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivityauthorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverlyInternetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudentsincludingJuarezparticipatedintheexperimentaltestto6300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavengerhuntsimulatedInteractsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation."They’reverygoodatinandusingtheInternetbutdon’talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback"saidLindaGoffheadofinstructionalservicesfortheCSUSlibrary."Youseeanopensearchboxyoutypeinafewwordsandyouthebutton"saidGoffwhoisinvolvedinthetesting."Theytakeatfacevalueshowsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff."Educatorssaythatthesesloppyresearchskillsaretroubling."WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill"saidLorieRothassistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogrammesintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscan"sortthegoodthebad"ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSURothsaid.CSUisconsideringamandatoryassessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmenmuchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.StudentsinfreshmanseminarsatSacramentoStatewereaskedtotakethetestearlyinthesemesterandwereexpectedtofinishanotherroundthisweektomeasuretheirimprovement. WelookatthatasafoundationalskillinthesamewaywemathandEnglishasafoundationalskill
FoodforLearningInEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. WiththeFoodforLearningprogramwomengetalargepackageoffoodaslongas.
TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold.WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIceman.
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