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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder. ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox. ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequate protectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S. economy＄80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyear accordingtoGaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDickstein Shapiro＆MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof＄4billion ofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast＄4billion annually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformore than25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotection againstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration’strade agenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythat dealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecord numberofcases38lastyear.SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:Conceptual propertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftrade disputes.[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiled morethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in 1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcaseto dateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay＄900millionforinfringing onsevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcase bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNew YorkCityfinedtheKinko’sGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores＄510000 forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollege students.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappealthe awardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty. ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDon’t WantMyPeachesYou’dBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactuallyencompasses thewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue--andmanyof themhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney’sMickeyMousetoUpjohn’s formulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksandcopyrightshave becomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingto protect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformation andtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompany’swealth. Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarkedandcopyrightedin recordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday’scleverthiefdoesn’trobbanksmanyof whicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner’s latestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMerck’s newestpharmaceutical.That’swherethemoneyis.[F]Onereason isthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty. RealizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeasWellas hobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatents copyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBrazilandeventhe SovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeef upexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportfora proposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethelife oftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirst timetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G]Companies arecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputerprograms. Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson＆.Johnson introducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago executivesatMinnesotaMining＆Manufacturingflewintoarage.Thetapewhich setsfracturesfasterthanplasterwasremarkablysimilarindesignand functiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt.Paul-based companyquicklysuedchargingJ＆Jwithviolatingfourofitspatents.Last monthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ＆Jtopay＄116millionindamages andinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringementjudgmentinhistory. Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder. ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox. ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequate protectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S. economy＄80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyear accordingtoGaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDickstein Shapiro＆MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof＄4billion ofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast＄4billion annually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformore than25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotection againstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration’strade agenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythat dealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecord numberofcases38lastyear.SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:Conceptual propertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftrade disputes.[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiled morethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in 1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcaseto dateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay＄900millionforinfringing onsevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcase bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNew YorkCityfinedtheKinko’sGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores＄510000 forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollege students.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappealthe awardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty. ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDon’t WantMyPeachesYou’dBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactuallyencompasses thewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue--andmanyof themhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney’sMickeyMousetoUpjohn’s formulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksandcopyrightshave becomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingto protect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformation andtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompany’swealth. Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarkedandcopyrightedin recordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday’scleverthiefdoesn’trobbanksmanyof whicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner’s latestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMerck’s newestpharmaceutical.That’swherethemoneyis.[F]Onereason isthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty. RealizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeasWellas hobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatents copyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBrazilandeventhe SovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeef upexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportfora proposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethelife oftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirst timetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G]Companies arecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputerprograms. Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson＆.Johnson introducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago executivesatMinnesotaMining＆Manufacturingflewintoarage.Thetapewhich setsfracturesfasterthanplasterwasremarkablysimilarindesignand functiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt.Paul-based companyquicklysuedchargingJ＆Jwithviolatingfourofitspatents.Last monthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ＆Jtopay＄116millionindamages andinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringementjudgmentinhistory. Order:
Text3 HereintheU.S.aprojectofmoving thegovernmentafewhundredmilestothesouthwestproceedsapaceunderthe supervisionofSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia.Apartfromtheusual highwaysandparksByrdhastakenaspecialinterestintransplantingpiecesof federalagenciesfrommetropolitanWashingtontohishomestate. StrangelyByrd’slittleexperimentinde-Washingtonizationhasbecomethe focusofoutrageamongtheverypeoplewhoareotherwisemostCriticalof Washingtonanditsways.Tothesecriticsitistheverysymbolof congressionalarroganceofpowerisolationfromrealitycontemptforthe votersandsoonanddemonstratestheneedfortermlimitsifnot lynching.Considerthegood-governmentadvantagesoflet’scall ittheByrdMigration.Whatbetterwaytosymbolizeanendtotheoldwaysand commitmenttoreformthanphysicallymovingthegovernmentWhatbetterwayto breakupoldbureaucraciesthantouprootandtransplantthemfilesand allSecondspreadingthegovernmentaroundabitoughtto reducethatself-feedingandself-regardingBeltwayculturethat Washington-phobesclaimtodislikesomuch.Ofcoursethereisagooddealof hypocrisyinthisantiWashingtonchatter.Muchofitcomesfrompoliticiansand journalistswhohavespentmostoftheiradultlivesinWashingtonandwouldn’t caretoliveanywhereelse.TheyarenotrushingtoWestVirginiathemselves exceptfortheoccasionalquaintrusticweekend.Buttheycantakecomfortthat publicservantsattheBureauofthePublicDebtatleasthaveescapedthe perilsofinside-the-Beltwayinsularity.ThirdisSenator Byrd’srawspread-the-wealthphilosophycompletelyillegitimateTheFederal Governmentandgovernment-relatedprivateenterpriseshavemademetropolitan Washingtononeoftherichestareasofthecountry.BycontrastWestVirginia isthesecondpooreststateafterMississippi.Theentirecountry’staxes supportthegovernment.Whyshouldn’tmoreofthecountrygetapieceofitAs privatebusinessesarediscoveringtheelectronicrevolutionismakingitless andlessnecessaryforworktobecentralizedatheadquarters.There’snoreason thegovernmentshouldn’ttakemoreadvantageofthistrendaswell. Itishardlyenoughthoughtoexpelafewthousandmidlevelbureaucrats fromtheallegedEdeninsidetheWashingtonBeltway.Reallypurgingthe Washingtoncultureenoughtosatisfyitsnoisiestcriticswillrequireamass exodusontheorderofwhattheKhmerRougeinstitutedwhentheytookover PhnomPenhin1975.UntiltheverymembersoftheTIMEWashingtonbureauitself aretraipsingsouthalongI-95theirwordprocessorsstrappedtotheirbacks thenationcannotresteasy.ButAmerica’swould-beKhmerRougeshouldgive SenatorByrdmorecreditforshowingtheway.AccordingtothetextamassexodusPara.6mostprobablymeans
Directions: Arecruitmentdrivefor100000OlympicvolunteerswhichaimstohelptheChineseandforeignersgetinvolvedinthe2008GameswasOfficiallylaunchedinBeijinglastmonth.Youintendtoapplyforcertainpositionsandnowwritealettertherecruitmentofficeshowingyourmotivationandstatingyoureligibilityfortherequirements. Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. DonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletteruseLiMinginstead. Donotwritetheaddress.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand-thentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET2. Oncetheexclusivedomainofexecutiveswithexpenseaccounts mobilephonesaresettobecomeoneofthecentraltechnologiesofthe21st century.46Withinafewyearsthemobilephonewillevolvefroma voice-onlydevicetoamulti-functionalcommunicatorcapableoftransmittingand receivingnotonlysoundbutvideostillimagesdataandtext.Awhole neweraofpersonalcommunicationisontheway.Thanksinpart tothegrowthofwirelessnetworksthetelephoneisconvergingwiththe personalcomputerandthetelevision.47Soonlight-weightphonesoutfitted withhigh-resolutionscreens--whichcanbeembeddedineverythingfrom wristwatchestopalm-heldunitswillbeconnectedtoseriesofloworbit satellitesenablingpeopletotalksendandreceiveE-mailortakepartin videoconferencesanytimeanywhere.Thesephonesmightalsoabsorbmanyof thekeyfunctionsofthedesktopcomputer.Mobiledevicesareexpectedtobe idealforsomeofthenewpersonalizedservicesthatarebecomingavailablevia theInternet.Thecommunicationsrevolutionisalreadytaking shapearoundtheglobe.InEuropemall-scaletrialsareunderwayusingmobile phonesforelectroniccommerce.Forexamplemostphonescontainasubscriber identificationmoduleSIMcardthatservesprimarilytoidentifyausertothe phonenetwork.SomemanufacturersplantoupgradetheSIMcardtoanall-in-one personalidentificationandcreditcard.Anotherapproachistoaddaslotto mobilephonesforasecondsmartcarddesignedspecificallyformobile ecommerce.48ThesecardscouldbeusedtomakepaymentsovertheInternet orremovedfromthephoneforuseinpoint-of-saleterminalstopayforthings likepublictransportationmovieticketsoraroundofdrinksatthe bar.InFranceMotorolaiscurrentlytestingadualslot phonetheStarTACDinatrialwithFranceTelecomwhileinFinlandNokiais testingaphonethatusesaspecialpluginreaderforatinysmartcard. Siemensispursuingadifferentapproach.49Sinceitisnotveryclear whetherit’sbesttodoeverythingwithasingledeviceSiemensisdeveloping dualslotphonesandEinsteinadeviceequippedwithasmartcardreaderand keypadthatcanbelinkedtothephoneviainfraredwireless technology.50Forthosewhowanttothoughitwillbe possibletoreceivealmostallformsofelectroniccommunicationthrougha singledevicemostlikelyathree-in-onephonethatservesasacordlessat homeacellphoneontheroadandanintercomatwork.Themobilephone willbecomeincreasinglymultifunctionalsaysBurghardtSchallenhergervice presidentfortechnologyandinnovationatSiemensInformationandConsumer Products.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Text4 Itwasafixingsight:thereinthe CapitolitselfaU.S.Senatoroftenmockedforhishaltinginarticulate speakingreacheddeepintohisMidwesternrootsandspokeeloquentlyeven poeticallyaboutwhohewasandwhathebelievedstunningpoliticiansand journalistsalike.IreferofcoursetoSenatorJefferson Smith.InFrankCapra’sclassicMr.SmithGoestoWashingtonJimmyStewart playsthissimpleidealisticsmall-townAmericanmockedandscornedbythe big-moneyedoh-so-sophisticatedpowerelite--onlytotriumphoveracorrupt Establishmentwithhisrock-solidgoodness.Atrootitisthis rolethatsoon-to-be-ex-SenatorBobDolemostaspirestoplay.theself- effacingquietlypowerfulsmall-townmanfromMainStreetwhooutwitsthe cosmopolitanslick-talkingsnobfromthefleshpots.AndwhynotThereis afterallnomoreenduringAmericanicon.HowenduringBefore AmericanshadaConstitutionThomasJeffersonwasarguingthatthenewnation’s futurewoulddependonabaseofagrarianyeomenfreefromthevicesinherentin bigcities.In1840oneoftheclassicimage-drivenpresidentialcampaigns featuredWilliamHenryHarrisonastheembodimentofruralvirtuesthe candidateofthelogcabinandhardciderdefeatingtheincumbentMartinVan Burenwhowasaccusedofdandifieddressandmanners.Thereis ofcourseahugedisconnectbetweenthisprofessedloveofthesimple unspoiledlifeandthewayAmericansactuallylive.AsapeopleAmericanshave spentthebetterpartofthe20thcenturydesertingthefarmsandthesmall townsforthecitiesandthesuburbs;andaretornbetweenvacationinginDisney WorldandLasVegas.U.S.politicianstoohaven’texactly shunnedthetemptationsofthecosmopolitanlife.ThetownofRussellKansas oftenseemstobeDole’srunningmatebutthecandidatespendshisleisuretime inaluxurycondominiuminBalHarborFlorida.BillClintonstillbelievesina placecalledHopebutthespiffycelebrity-denseresortsofMartha’sVineyard ’andJacksonHolearewherehekicksback.RonaldReaganembodiedthe faith-and-familypietiesofthefrontporchandMainStreetbuthefledIowa foracareerandalifeinHollywood.Stillthehungerforthe wayAmericansbelievetheyaresupposedtoliveisstrongandthedistrustof theintellectualhustlerwithhisairsandhishighflownlanguagerunsdeep.It makessensefortheDolecampaigntomakethisacontestbetweenDoleasthe laconicquietmanwhosewordsCanbetrustedandBillClintonasthetraveling salesmanwithalineofsmoothpatterbutasuitcasefullofdamagedgoods.It makessenseforDoletomakehiscampaignsongThankGodI’maCountryBoy--even ifheishummingit9200mupinacorporatejetonhiswaytoaFlorida condo.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryOf
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Text3 HereintheU.S.aprojectofmoving thegovernmentafewhundredmilestothesouthwestproceedsapaceunderthe supervisionofSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia.Apartfromtheusual highwaysandparksByrdhastakenaspecialinterestintransplantingpiecesof federalagenciesfrommetropolitanWashingtontohishomestate. StrangelyByrd’slittleexperimentinde-Washingtonizationhasbecomethe focusofoutrageamongtheverypeoplewhoareotherwisemostCriticalof Washingtonanditsways.Tothesecriticsitistheverysymbolof congressionalarroganceofpowerisolationfromrealitycontemptforthe votersandsoonanddemonstratestheneedfortermlimitsifnot lynching.Considerthegood-governmentadvantagesoflet’scall ittheByrdMigration.Whatbetterwaytosymbolizeanendtotheoldwaysand commitmenttoreformthanphysicallymovingthegovernmentWhatbetterwayto breakupoldbureaucraciesthantouprootandtransplantthemfilesand allSecondspreadingthegovernmentaroundabitoughtto reducethatself-feedingandself-regardingBeltwayculturethat Washington-phobesclaimtodislikesomuch.Ofcoursethereisagooddealof hypocrisyinthisantiWashingtonchatter.Muchofitcomesfrompoliticiansand journalistswhohavespentmostoftheiradultlivesinWashingtonandwouldn’t caretoliveanywhereelse.TheyarenotrushingtoWestVirginiathemselves exceptfortheoccasionalquaintrusticweekend.Buttheycantakecomfortthat publicservantsattheBureauofthePublicDebtatleasthaveescapedthe perilsofinside-the-Beltwayinsularity.ThirdisSenator Byrd’srawspread-the-wealthphilosophycompletelyillegitimateTheFederal Governmentandgovernment-relatedprivateenterpriseshavemademetropolitan Washingtononeoftherichestareasofthecountry.BycontrastWestVirginia isthesecondpooreststateafterMississippi.Theentirecountry’staxes supportthegovernment.Whyshouldn’tmoreofthecountrygetapieceofitAs privatebusinessesarediscoveringtheelectronicrevolutionismakingitless andlessnecessaryforworktobecentralizedatheadquarters.There’snoreason thegovernmentshouldn’ttakemoreadvantageofthistrendaswell. Itishardlyenoughthoughtoexpelafewthousandmidlevelbureaucrats fromtheallegedEdeninsidetheWashingtonBeltway.Reallypurgingthe Washingtoncultureenoughtosatisfyitsnoisiestcriticswillrequireamass exodusontheorderofwhattheKhmerRougeinstitutedwhentheytookover PhnomPenhin1975.UntiltheverymembersoftheTIMEWashingtonbureauitself aretraipsingsouthalongI-95theirwordprocessorsstrappedtotheirbacks thenationcannotresteasy.ButAmerica’swould-beKhmerRougeshouldgive SenatorByrdmorecreditforshowingtheway.Itisimpliedinthe4thparagraphthatsomepoliticiansandjournalists
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Text2 Anynormalspecieswouldbedelighted attheprospectofcloning.Nomorenastysurpriseslikesicklecellor Downsyndrome--justbatchafterhatchofhigh-gradeandgeneticallyspeaking immortaloffspring!Butrepresentativesofthehumanspeciesarerespondingas ifsomeonehadproposedaddingSatanismtothegrade-schoolCurriculum. Suddenlyperfectlysecularfolksarethrowingaroundwordslikesanctityand retrievingmedieval-eraargumentsagainsttheprideofscience.Noonehas proposedburninghimatthestakebutthepoorfellowwhoinducedahuman embryotodoubleitselfhasvirtuallyrecanted--proclaiminghisreverencefor humanlifeinavoicethismagazinereportedchokingwithemotion. Thereisanelementofhypocrisytomuchoftheanti-cloningfurororif nothypocrisysuperstition.Thefactisweaxealreadywelldownthepath leadingtogeneticmanipulationofthecreepiestsort.Life-formscanbe patentedwhichmeanstheycanbeboughtandsoldandpotentiallytradedonthe commoditiesmarkets.Humanembryosarelife-formsandthereisnothingtostop anyonefrommarketingthemnowonthesameshelfwiththeCabbagePatch dolls.Infactanyculturethatencouragesinvitro fertilizationhasnorighttocomplainaboutamarketinembryos.Theassumption behindtheinvitroindustryisthatsomepeople’sgeneticmaterialisworth morethanothers’anddeservestobereproducedatanyexpense.Millionsof low-incomebabiesdieeveryyearfrompreventableillslikedysenterywhile heroiceffortsgointomaintainingyuppiezygotesintesttubesatthe unicellularstage.Thisisthedreadnightmareofeugenicsinfamiliar marketplaceform--whichinvolvesbreedingthebest-paidinsteadofthebest. Cloningtechnologyisanalmostinevitablebyproductofinvitrofertilization. Onceyoudecidetogotothetroubleofinvitrowithitspotentiallyhazardous megadosesofhormonesforthefemalepartnerandvariousindignitiesforthe maleyoumightaswellmakeafewbackupcopiesofanyviableembryothat’s produced.Andonceyou’vegotthebackuporgancopieswhynotkeepafewinthe freezerincaseJunioreverneedsanewkidneyorcorneaThe criticsofcloningsayweshouldknowwhatwe’regettingintowithallits Orwellianimplications.Butifwedecidetooutlawcloningweshouldunderstand theimplicationsofthat.Wewouldbesayingineffectthatweprefertoleave geneticdestinytothecrapshootingOfnaturedespitesickle-cellanemiaand Tay-Sachsandalltherestbecauseultimatelywedon’ttrustthemarketto regulatelifeitself.Andthismaybethehardestthingofalltoacknowledge thatitisn’tsomuch21stcenturytechnologywefearaswhatwillhappento thattechnologyinthehandsofold-fashioned20thcentury capitalism.Itisimpliedinthe3rdparagraphthatitis
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
PartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts. AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswers onANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thatlowmoaningsoundinthe backgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave. TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleaders scorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformand declaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.Whataboutthe constitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFounding Fatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitis Possibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementsto virtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorge WashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo- Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethat inthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesof hisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencourage thetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.Thewallofseparationthe FoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefenses freedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersput itupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:Quaker womenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;Virginianscouldbe jailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribed theJudeo-Christiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexisted andthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthe musketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewas anotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpious rantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodor inanyGodatall.Jeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewto questionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleasta skepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthan Allen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhavea place.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurch andstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthe powernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdams wrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmore mysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.SurelytheRepublicans committedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspirit thathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofits birth.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
YouarepreparingfortakingtheentrancetestforMAineconomics.WritealettertothedeanoftheEconomicsSchoolofafamousuniversitytoenquireabout: 1thesubjectstobetested 2thenumberofstudentsforenrollmentand 3anyguidingortrainingcourses. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
PartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts. AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswers onANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thatlowmoaningsoundinthe backgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave. TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleaders scorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformand declaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.Whataboutthe constitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFounding Fatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitis Possibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementsto virtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorge WashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo- Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethat inthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesof hisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencourage thetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.Thewallofseparationthe FoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefenses freedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersput itupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:Quaker womenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;Virginianscouldbe jailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribed theJudeo-Christiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexisted andthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthe musketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewas anotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpious rantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodor inanyGodatall.Jeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewto questionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleasta skepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthan Allen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhavea place.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurch andstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthe powernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdams wrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmore mysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.SurelytheRepublicans committedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspirit thathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofits birth.WhenmentioningQuakerwomenPara.2;theauthoristalkingabout
Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe. Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafromexoticlanguagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages. Sapir’’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Text4 Itwasafixingsight:thereinthe CapitolitselfaU.S.Senatoroftenmockedforhishaltinginarticulate speakingreacheddeepintohisMidwesternrootsandspokeeloquentlyeven poeticallyaboutwhohewasandwhathebelievedstunningpoliticiansand journalistsalike.IreferofcoursetoSenatorJefferson Smith.InFrankCapra’sclassicMr.SmithGoestoWashingtonJimmyStewart playsthissimpleidealisticsmall-townAmericanmockedandscornedbythe big-moneyedoh-so-sophisticatedpowerelite--onlytotriumphoveracorrupt Establishmentwithhisrock-solidgoodness.Atrootitisthis rolethatsoon-to-be-ex-SenatorBobDolemostaspirestoplay.theself- effacingquietlypowerfulsmall-townmanfromMainStreetwhooutwitsthe cosmopolitanslick-talkingsnobfromthefleshpots.AndwhynotThereis afterallnomoreenduringAmericanicon.HowenduringBefore AmericanshadaConstitutionThomasJeffersonwasarguingthatthenewnation’s futurewoulddependonabaseofagrarianyeomenfreefromthevicesinherentin bigcities.In1840oneoftheclassicimage-drivenpresidentialcampaigns featuredWilliamHenryHarrisonastheembodimentofruralvirtuesthe candidateofthelogcabinandhardciderdefeatingtheincumbentMartinVan Burenwhowasaccusedofdandifieddressandmanners.Thereis ofcourseahugedisconnectbetweenthisprofessedloveofthesimple unspoiledlifeandthewayAmericansactuallylive.AsapeopleAmericanshave spentthebetterpartofthe20thcenturydesertingthefarmsandthesmall townsforthecitiesandthesuburbs;andaretornbetweenvacationinginDisney WorldandLasVegas.U.S.politicianstoohaven’texactly shunnedthetemptationsofthecosmopolitanlife.ThetownofRussellKansas oftenseemstobeDole’srunningmatebutthecandidatespendshisleisuretime inaluxurycondominiuminBalHarborFlorida.BillClintonstillbelievesina placecalledHopebutthespiffycelebrity-denseresortsofMartha’sVineyard ’andJacksonHolearewherehekicksback.RonaldReaganembodiedthe faith-and-familypietiesofthefrontporchandMainStreetbuthefledIowa foracareerandalifeinHollywood.Stillthehungerforthe wayAmericansbelievetheyaresupposedtoliveisstrongandthedistrustof theintellectualhustlerwithhisairsandhishighflownlanguagerunsdeep.It makessensefortheDolecampaigntomakethisacontestbetweenDoleasthe laconicquietmanwhosewordsCanbetrustedandBillClintonasthetraveling salesmanwithalineofsmoothpatterbutasuitcasefullofdamagedgoods.It makessenseforDoletomakehiscampaignsongThankGodI’maCountryBoy--even ifheishummingit9200mupinacorporatejetonhiswaytoaFlorida condo.Accordingtothe4thparagraphMainStreetistofleshpotsas
Text2 Anynormalspecieswouldbedelighted attheprospectofcloning.Nomorenastysurpriseslikesicklecellor Downsyndrome--justbatchafterhatchofhigh-gradeandgeneticallyspeaking immortaloffspring!Butrepresentativesofthehumanspeciesarerespondingas ifsomeonehadproposedaddingSatanismtothegrade-schoolCurriculum. Suddenlyperfectlysecularfolksarethrowingaroundwordslikesanctityand retrievingmedieval-eraargumentsagainsttheprideofscience.Noonehas proposedburninghimatthestakebutthepoorfellowwhoinducedahuman embryotodoubleitselfhasvirtuallyrecanted--proclaiminghisreverencefor humanlifeinavoicethismagazinereportedchokingwithemotion. Thereisanelementofhypocrisytomuchoftheanti-cloningfurororif nothypocrisysuperstition.Thefactisweaxealreadywelldownthepath leadingtogeneticmanipulationofthecreepiestsort.Life-formscanbe patentedwhichmeanstheycanbeboughtandsoldandpotentiallytradedonthe commoditiesmarkets.Humanembryosarelife-formsandthereisnothingtostop anyonefrommarketingthemnowonthesameshelfwiththeCabbagePatch dolls.Infactanyculturethatencouragesinvitro fertilizationhasnorighttocomplainaboutamarketinembryos.Theassumption behindtheinvitroindustryisthatsomepeople’sgeneticmaterialisworth morethanothers’anddeservestobereproducedatanyexpense.Millionsof low-incomebabiesdieeveryyearfrompreventableillslikedysenterywhile heroiceffortsgointomaintainingyuppiezygotesintesttubesatthe unicellularstage.Thisisthedreadnightmareofeugenicsinfamiliar marketplaceform--whichinvolvesbreedingthebest-paidinsteadofthebest. Cloningtechnologyisanalmostinevitablebyproductofinvitrofertilization. Onceyoudecidetogotothetroubleofinvitrowithitspotentiallyhazardous megadosesofhormonesforthefemalepartnerandvariousindignitiesforthe maleyoumightaswellmakeafewbackupcopiesofanyviableembryothat’s produced.Andonceyou’vegotthebackuporgancopieswhynotkeepafewinthe freezerincaseJunioreverneedsanewkidneyorcorneaThe criticsofcloningsayweshouldknowwhatwe’regettingintowithallits Orwellianimplications.Butifwedecidetooutlawcloningweshouldunderstand theimplicationsofthat.Wewouldbesayingineffectthatweprefertoleave geneticdestinytothecrapshootingOfnaturedespitesickle-cellanemiaand Tay-Sachsandalltherestbecauseultimatelywedon’ttrustthemarketto regulatelifeitself.Andthismaybethehardestthingofalltoacknowledge thatitisn’tsomuch21stcenturytechnologywefearaswhatwillhappento thattechnologyinthehandsofold-fashioned20thcentury capitalism.Accordingtothetextwhatconcernstheauthormostisthe______withrespecttocloningtechnique.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandI havereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1without beinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23 afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare 4toanybutthepurescientificmind.Oneof thethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereally verysadpeople-clownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit butitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7 Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunning througheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8 ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9 .Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble 10.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain 11knowinghowwellitwill12themin thesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfighting foldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible 13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrows profitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquite facteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong 15ofhumanwoe.Practicallyeveryoneisa manicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyou certainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessof situationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingand cryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint 17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikely tobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlike poetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighot firewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20 .
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand-thentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET2. Oncetheexclusivedomainofexecutiveswithexpenseaccounts mobilephonesaresettobecomeoneofthecentraltechnologiesofthe21st century.46Withinafewyearsthemobilephonewillevolvefroma voice-onlydevicetoamulti-functionalcommunicatorcapableoftransmittingand receivingnotonlysoundbutvideostillimagesdataandtext.Awhole neweraofpersonalcommunicationisontheway.Thanksinpart tothegrowthofwirelessnetworksthetelephoneisconvergingwiththe personalcomputerandthetelevision.47Soonlight-weightphonesoutfitted withhigh-resolutionscreens--whichcanbeembeddedineverythingfrom wristwatchestopalm-heldunitswillbeconnectedtoseriesofloworbit satellitesenablingpeopletotalksendandreceiveE-mailortakepartin videoconferencesanytimeanywhere.Thesephonesmightalsoabsorbmanyof thekeyfunctionsofthedesktopcomputer.Mobiledevicesareexpectedtobe idealforsomeofthenewpersonalizedservicesthatarebecomingavailablevia theInternet.Thecommunicationsrevolutionisalreadytaking shapearoundtheglobe.InEuropemall-scaletrialsareunderwayusingmobile phonesforelectroniccommerce.Forexamplemostphonescontainasubscriber identificationmoduleSIMcardthatservesprimarilytoidentifyausertothe phonenetwork.SomemanufacturersplantoupgradetheSIMcardtoanall-in-one personalidentificationandcreditcard.Anotherapproachistoaddaslotto mobilephonesforasecondsmartcarddesignedspecificallyformobile ecommerce.48ThesecardscouldbeusedtomakepaymentsovertheInternet orremovedfromthephoneforuseinpoint-of-saleterminalstopayforthings likepublictransportationmovieticketsoraroundofdrinksatthe bar.InFranceMotorolaiscurrentlytestingadualslot phonetheStarTACDinatrialwithFranceTelecomwhileinFinlandNokiais testingaphonethatusesaspecialpluginreaderforatinysmartcard. Siemensispursuingadifferentapproach.49Sinceitisnotveryclear whetherit’sbesttodoeverythingwithasingledeviceSiemensisdeveloping dualslotphonesandEinsteinadeviceequippedwithasmartcardreaderand keypadthatcanbelinkedtothephoneviainfraredwireless technology.50Forthosewhowanttothoughitwillbe possibletoreceivealmostallformsofelectroniccommunicationthrougha singledevicemostlikelyathree-in-onephonethatservesasacordlessat homeacellphoneontheroadandanintercomatwork.Themobilephone willbecomeincreasinglymultifunctionalsaysBurghardtSchallenhergervice presidentfortechnologyandinnovationatSiemensInformationandConsumer Products.
PartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts. AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswers onANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thatlowmoaningsoundinthe backgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave. TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleaders scorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformand declaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.Whataboutthe constitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFounding Fatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitis Possibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementsto virtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorge WashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo- Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethat inthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesof hisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencourage thetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.Thewallofseparationthe FoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefenses freedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersput itupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:Quaker womenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;Virginianscouldbe jailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribed theJudeo-Christiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexisted andthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthe musketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewas anotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpious rantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodor inanyGodatall.Jeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewto questionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleasta skepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthan Allen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhavea place.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurch andstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthe powernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdams wrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmore mysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.SurelytheRepublicans committedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspirit thathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofits birth.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence
Text3 HereintheU.S.aprojectofmoving thegovernmentafewhundredmilestothesouthwestproceedsapaceunderthe supervisionofSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia.Apartfromtheusual highwaysandparksByrdhastakenaspecialinterestintransplantingpiecesof federalagenciesfrommetropolitanWashingtontohishomestate. StrangelyByrd’slittleexperimentinde-Washingtonizationhasbecomethe focusofoutrageamongtheverypeoplewhoareotherwisemostCriticalof Washingtonanditsways.Tothesecriticsitistheverysymbolof congressionalarroganceofpowerisolationfromrealitycontemptforthe votersandsoonanddemonstratestheneedfortermlimitsifnot lynching.Considerthegood-governmentadvantagesoflet’scall ittheByrdMigration.Whatbetterwaytosymbolizeanendtotheoldwaysand commitmenttoreformthanphysicallymovingthegovernmentWhatbetterwayto breakupoldbureaucraciesthantouprootandtransplantthemfilesand allSecondspreadingthegovernmentaroundabitoughtto reducethatself-feedingandself-regardingBeltwayculturethat Washington-phobesclaimtodislikesomuch.Ofcoursethereisagooddealof hypocrisyinthisantiWashingtonchatter.Muchofitcomesfrompoliticiansand journalistswhohavespentmostoftheiradultlivesinWashingtonandwouldn’t caretoliveanywhereelse.TheyarenotrushingtoWestVirginiathemselves exceptfortheoccasionalquaintrusticweekend.Buttheycantakecomfortthat publicservantsattheBureauofthePublicDebtatleasthaveescapedthe perilsofinside-the-Beltwayinsularity.ThirdisSenator Byrd’srawspread-the-wealthphilosophycompletelyillegitimateTheFederal Governmentandgovernment-relatedprivateenterpriseshavemademetropolitan Washingtononeoftherichestareasofthecountry.BycontrastWestVirginia isthesecondpooreststateafterMississippi.Theentirecountry’staxes supportthegovernment.Whyshouldn’tmoreofthecountrygetapieceofitAs privatebusinessesarediscoveringtheelectronicrevolutionismakingitless andlessnecessaryforworktobecentralizedatheadquarters.There’snoreason thegovernmentshouldn’ttakemoreadvantageofthistrendaswell. Itishardlyenoughthoughtoexpelafewthousandmidlevelbureaucrats fromtheallegedEdeninsidetheWashingtonBeltway.Reallypurgingthe Washingtoncultureenoughtosatisfyitsnoisiestcriticswillrequireamass exodusontheorderofwhattheKhmerRougeinstitutedwhentheytookover PhnomPenhin1975.UntiltheverymembersoftheTIMEWashingtonbureauitself aretraipsingsouthalongI-95theirwordprocessorsstrappedtotheirbacks thenationcannotresteasy.ButAmerica’swould-beKhmerRougeshouldgive SenatorByrdmorecreditforshowingtheway.Itcaninferredfromthetextthatgovernmentbureaus
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder. ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox. ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequate protectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S. economy＄80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyear accordingtoGaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDickstein Shapiro＆MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof＄4billion ofrevenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast＄4billion annually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformore than25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotection againstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration’strade agenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythat dealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecord numberofcases38lastyear.SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:Conceptual propertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftrade disputes.[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiled morethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in 1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcaseto dateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay＄900millionforinfringing onsevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reachingcopyrightcase bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhenafederalcourtinNew YorkCityfinedtheKinko’sGraphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores＄510000 forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollege students.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappealthe awardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectualproperty. ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYouDon’t WantMyPeachesYou’dBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactuallyencompasses thewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue--andmanyof themhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney’sMickeyMousetoUpjohn’s formulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksandcopyrightshave becomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmostanythingto protect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformation andtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofacompany’swealth. Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarkedandcopyrightedin recordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday’scleverthiefdoesn’trobbanksmanyof whicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner’s latestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulaforMerck’s newestpharmaceutical.That’swherethemoneyis.[F]Onereason isthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectualproperty. RealizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeasWellas hobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscoveringpatents copyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBrazilandeventhe SovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeef upexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportfora proposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethelife oftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthefirst timetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G]Companies arecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputerprograms. Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson＆.Johnson introducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago executivesatMinnesotaMining＆Manufacturingflewintoarage.Thetapewhich setsfracturesfasterthanplasterwasremarkablysimilarindesignand functiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt.Paul-based companyquicklysuedchargingJ＆Jwithviolatingfourofitspatents.Last monthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ＆Jtopay＄116millionindamages andinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringementjudgmentinhistory. Order:
Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe. Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafromexoticlanguagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages. Sapir’’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.
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