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灸疮自愈时间一般在灸后
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灸疮自愈时间一般在灸后
2星期左右
3星期左右
4星期左右
5星期左右
6星期左右
灸疮化脓一般在灸后多少天
2D左右
3D左右
5D左右
7D左右
10D左右
灸疮自行痊愈脱落一般在灸后
2-3周左右
3-4周左右
4-5周左右
5-6周左右
6-7周左右
灸疮化脓一般在灸后多少天
3d左右
2d左右
5d左右
7d左右
灸疮自行痊愈脱落一般在灸后
２－３周左右
３－４周左右
４－５周左右
５－６周左右
６－７周左右
灸疮化脓一般在灸后多少天
3天左右
2天左右
5天左右
7天左右
施灸的叙述正确的是
一般先灸阴经，后灸阳经
一般先灸下部，后灸上部
一般先灸艾炷大者，后收以小者
就壮数而言，先灸多的，后灸少的
灸治脱肛，先灸长强，后灸百会
临床上一般是先灸上部后灸下部先灸阴部后灸阳部
灸疮自愈时间一般在灸后
1周
2～3周
3～4周
5～6周
7周
瘢痕灸后形成灸疮的时间一般为
1周
2～3周
3～4周
5～6周
7周
瘢痕灸的灸疮一般形成的时间是
灸后7天左右
灸后10天左右
灸后3天左右
灸后15天左右
灸后30天左右
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以下不属于治则的是
Directions: A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Interpretthefollowingpictures 2Analyzepossiblereasons 3Andpredictthetendencies.
有主宰生长发育功能的脏是
见肝之病知肝传脾的病机传变是属
AMERICA’Scentralbanksentaclearmessagethisweek.ForthesecondconsecutivemeetingtheFederalOpenMarketCommitteethecentralbank’spolicy-makingcommitteeleftshortterminterestratesunchangedat1.75%.Butitsaidthattherisksfacingtheeconomyhadshiftedfromeconomicweaknesstoabalancebetweenweaknessandexcessivegrowth.Thisshiftsurprisednoone.Butithasconvincedmanypeoplethatinterestratesaresettoriseagain--andsoon. Judgingbypricesinfuturesmarketsinvestorsarebettingthatshort-terminterestratescouldstartrisingasearlyasMayandwillbe1.25percentagepointshigherbytheendoftheyear.Thatmaybeexcessive.EconomistsatGoldmanSachswholongarguedthatthecentralbankwoulddonothingthisyearnowexpectshort-termratestogouponly0.75%thisyearstartinginJune.ButvirtuallyeveryonereckonssomeFedtighteningisintheoffing. ThereasonAfteranunprecedented11rate-cutsin2001shortterminterestratesareabnormallylow.AsthesignsofrobustrecoverymultiplyanalystsexpecttheFedtotakebacksomeoftherate-cutsitusedasan"insurancepolicy"aftertheSeptember11thterroristattack.TheythinktherewillbeagradualmovefromtheFed’scurrent"accommodative"monetarystancetoamoreneutralpolicy.Andaneutralpolicymanyargueultimatelyimpliesshortterminterestratesofaround4%. Logicalenough.Buthigherratescouldstillbefurtheroffparticularlyiftherecoveryproveslessrobustthanmanyhope.Certainlyrecenteconomicindicatorshavebeenextraordinarilystrong:unemploymentfellforthesecondconsecutivemonthinFebruaryandindustrialproductionroseinbothJanuaryandFebruary.Themanufacturingsectorisgrowingafter18monthsofdecline.ThemostoptimisticWallStreetersnowexpectGDPtohaveexpandedbybetween5%and6%onanannualbasisinthefirstquarter. Butonestrongquarterdoesnotimplyasustainablerecovery.Intheshorttermthebounce-backisbeingdrivenbyadramaticrestockingofinventories.Butitcanbesustainedonlyifcorporateinvestmentrecoversandconsumerspendingstaysbuoyant.Withplentyofslackcapacityaroundandmanyfirmsstuckwithhugedebtsandlousyprofitsitishardtoseewheresurginginvestmentwillcomefrom.AnddespitefallingunemploymentAmerica’sconsumerscoulddisappointthebulls. Theseuncertaintiesalonesuggestthecentralbankwillbecautiousaboutraisinginterestrates.IndeedgiventhehugepressureoncorporateprofitstheFederalReservemightbehappytoseeconsumerpricesriseslightly.InshortwhileWallStreetfretsaboutwhenandhowmuchinterestrateswillgoup.Theanswermaywellbenotsoonandnotmuch. HowdoeseveryonefeelaboutthemessagegivenbyAmerica’scentralbank
有受盛和化物功能的是
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof＄10billionayear--muchmorethanthe＄3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas＄20000oreven＄40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. 42
有统血功能的脏是
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof＄10billionayear--muchmorethanthe＄3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas＄20000oreven＄40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. WhitefolksinU.S.areatagreateradvantageinthat
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextCarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy.
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230cmtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93460km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelongdistancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeopleincludingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcalledthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays."peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3.Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.Itisanaspectofhuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
易于感冒是气的什么功能减弱的表现
实证临床可见到
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextCarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof＄10billionayear--muchmorethanthe＄3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas＄20000oreven＄40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. TheexpressionracialscapegoatingPara.4bestdenotes
ThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldtransformnotonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligionsourbeliefsystemsandourentireworld-view.Forinasensethesearchforextraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves--whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos. Contrarytopopularbeliefspeculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.Yetphilosophyisonethingfillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasinglysuspectthatbiofriendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniversethechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious. Traditionallybiologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak--theresultofazillion-to-oneaccidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointderivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamicswhichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying--slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Andsimilarreasoningappliestoevolution.AccordingtotheorthodoxviewDarwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities. Ifthisisrighttherecanbenodirectionalitynoinnatedriveforward;inparticularnopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroiddestroyingallhigherlife-formsintelligentbeingswouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.Thereishoweveracontraryview--onethatisgainingstrengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization.Ifmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexitytheoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened. HistoricallyBertrandRussellarguedthatauniverseunderadeathsentencefromthesecondlawofthermodynamicsrenderedhumanlifeultimatelyfutile.Allourachievementsallourstruggles"allthenoondaybrightnessofhumangenius"asheputitwouldinthefinalanalysiscountfornothingiftheverycosmositselfisdoomed.ButwhatifinspiteofthesecondlawofthermodynamicstherecanbesystematicprogressalongsidedecayForthosewhohopeforadeepermeaningorpurposebeneathphysicalexistencethepresenceofextraterrestriallife-formswouldprovideaspectacularboostimplyingthatweliveinauniversethatisinsomesensegettingbetterandbetterratherthanworseandworse. OnthepossibilitiesoflifebeyondEarthastronomers’andancientphilosophers’viewsare
属于阴中之阳的时间是
易袭阳位具有升发向上特性的邪气是
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230cmtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93460km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelongdistancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeopleincludingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcalledthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays."peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. ThedescriptionofCongress’sgigglefactorPara.6showsthewriter’s
AMERICA’Scentralbanksentaclearmessagethisweek.ForthesecondconsecutivemeetingtheFederalOpenMarketCommitteethecentralbank’spolicy-makingcommitteeleftshortterminterestratesunchangedat1.75%.Butitsaidthattherisksfacingtheeconomyhadshiftedfromeconomicweaknesstoabalancebetweenweaknessandexcessivegrowth.Thisshiftsurprisednoone.Butithasconvincedmanypeoplethatinterestratesaresettoriseagain--andsoon. Judgingbypricesinfuturesmarketsinvestorsarebettingthatshort-terminterestratescouldstartrisingasearlyasMayandwillbe1.25percentagepointshigherbytheendoftheyear.Thatmaybeexcessive.EconomistsatGoldmanSachswholongarguedthatthecentralbankwoulddonothingthisyearnowexpectshort-termratestogouponly0.75%thisyearstartinginJune.ButvirtuallyeveryonereckonssomeFedtighteningisintheoffing. ThereasonAfteranunprecedented11rate-cutsin2001shortterminterestratesareabnormallylow.AsthesignsofrobustrecoverymultiplyanalystsexpecttheFedtotakebacksomeoftherate-cutsitusedasan"insurancepolicy"aftertheSeptember11thterroristattack.TheythinktherewillbeagradualmovefromtheFed’scurrent"accommodative"monetarystancetoamoreneutralpolicy.Andaneutralpolicymanyargueultimatelyimpliesshortterminterestratesofaround4%. Logicalenough.Buthigherratescouldstillbefurtheroffparticularlyiftherecoveryproveslessrobustthanmanyhope.Certainlyrecenteconomicindicatorshavebeenextraordinarilystrong:unemploymentfellforthesecondconsecutivemonthinFebruaryandindustrialproductionroseinbothJanuaryandFebruary.Themanufacturingsectorisgrowingafter18monthsofdecline.ThemostoptimisticWallStreetersnowexpectGDPtohaveexpandedbybetween5%and6%onanannualbasisinthefirstquarter. Butonestrongquarterdoesnotimplyasustainablerecovery.Intheshorttermthebounce-backisbeingdrivenbyadramaticrestockingofinventories.Butitcanbesustainedonlyifcorporateinvestmentrecoversandconsumerspendingstaysbuoyant.Withplentyofslackcapacityaroundandmanyfirmsstuckwithhugedebtsandlousyprofitsitishardtoseewheresurginginvestmentwillcomefrom.AnddespitefallingunemploymentAmerica’sconsumerscoulddisappointthebulls. Theseuncertaintiesalonesuggestthecentralbankwillbecautiousaboutraisinginterestrates.IndeedgiventhehugepressureoncorporateprofitstheFederalReservemightbehappytoseeconsumerpricesriseslightly.InshortwhileWallStreetfretsaboutwhenandhowmuchinterestrateswillgoup.Theanswermaywellbenotsoonandnotmuch. DespitesignsOfstrongeconomicrecoveryAmericancompaniesarestillpressedfor
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230cmtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93460km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelongdistancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeopleincludingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcalledthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays."peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. Itseemsthatthewriteris
肺在志为
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof＄10billionayear--muchmorethanthe＄3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas＄20000oreven＄40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. Thefunctionofthelastparagraphis
ThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldtransformnotonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligionsourbeliefsystemsandourentireworld-view.Forinasensethesearchforextraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves--whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos. Contrarytopopularbeliefspeculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.Yetphilosophyisonethingfillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasinglysuspectthatbiofriendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniversethechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious. Traditionallybiologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak--theresultofazillion-to-oneaccidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointderivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamicswhichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying--slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Andsimilarreasoningappliestoevolution.AccordingtotheorthodoxviewDarwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities. Ifthisisrighttherecanbenodirectionalitynoinnatedriveforward;inparticularnopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroiddestroyingallhigherlife-formsintelligentbeingswouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.Thereishoweveracontraryview--onethatisgainingstrengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization.Ifmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexitytheoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened. HistoricallyBertrandRussellarguedthatauniverseunderadeathsentencefromthesecondlawofthermodynamicsrenderedhumanlifeultimatelyfutile.Allourachievementsallourstruggles"allthenoondaybrightnessofhumangenius"asheputitwouldinthefinalanalysiscountfornothingiftheverycosmositselfisdoomed.ButwhatifinspiteofthesecondlawofthermodynamicstherecanbesystematicprogressalongsidedecayForthosewhohopeforadeepermeaningorpurposebeneathphysicalexistencethepresenceofextraterrestriallife-formswouldprovideaspectacularboostimplyingthatweliveinauniversethatisinsomesensegettingbetterandbetterratherthanworseandworse. Underthelawofthermodynamicstheuniverseissupposed
阳盛则热属于
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3.Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.Itisanaspectofhuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextCarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct.
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof＄10billionayear--muchmorethanthe＄3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas＄20000oreven＄40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. 44
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