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有关国家机关按照法定程序。对一定时期和范围的规范性法律文件进行审查并重新确定其法律效力的活动，称为( )。
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国家机关按照法定程序对一定时期和范围的规范性文件进行审查并重新确定其法律效力的活动是
法律解释
规范性文件的清理
法律汇编
法律编纂
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李某是某股份有限公司的董事其在执行公司职务时利用职务之便多次以公司财产为朋友提供担保并获取好处费则公司可以采取哪些措施维护自身利益
某歌星举行个人独唱音乐会一次性取得收入60000元根据规定其应纳个人所得税为元
土地管理法规定国家实行占用耕地补偿制度下列关于这一制度的哪一表述是错误的
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Thewordsustainparagraph2couldbebestreplacedby______.
第3篇ShamingPunishmentsLastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment.HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough.ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸.HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’-not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’./WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsdoesNOTmorallycondemnacriminal
下列哪项情形不构成意思表示
根据土地管理法确立的土地用途管制制度国家在编制土地利用总体规划时对土地用途如何分类
第3篇ShamingPunishmentsLastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment.HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough.ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸.HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’-not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’./Thewordsuggest’inParagraph9couldbebestreplacedby______.
甲手机专卖店门口立有一块木板上书假一罚十四个醒目大字乙从该店购买了一部手机后经有关部门鉴定该手机属于假冒产品乙遂要求甲履行其假一罚十的承诺关于本案下列哪一选项是正确的
甲将自己收藏的一幅名画卖给乙乙当场付款约定5天后取画丙听说后表示愿出比乙高的价格购买此画甲当即决定卖给丙约定第二天交货乙得知此事诱使甲8岁的儿子从家中取出此画给自己该画在由乙占有期间被丁盗走此时该名画的所有权属于下列哪个人
对格式条款的理解正确的一项是
甲公司通过电视发布广告称其有100辆某型号汽车每辆价格15万元广告有效期10天乙公司于该则广告发布后第5天自带汇票去甲公司买车但此时车已全部售完无货可供下列哪一选项是正确的
在行为人进行的下列行为中哪些属于行使形成权的行为
根据行政复议法的规定行政复议决定书发生法律效力的时间是
根据个人所得税法律制度的规定下列所得中以每次收入额为应纳税所得额的有
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.WhatareParisiansfamousfor
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whatdeterminesyourweight
在下列哪种情况下用人单位延长劳动者工作时间应受到劳动法有关限制性规定的约束
甲乙签订一份购销合同甲以由银行承兑的汇票付款在汇票的背书栏记载有若乙不按期履行交货义务则不享有票据权利乙又将此汇票背书转让给丙下列对该票据有关问题的表述哪些是正确的
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone’schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Whatdoestherecentpollshow
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere.Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsandcafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden
新人伙的有限合伙人对入伙前的合伙债务应如何承担责任
抽奖式有奖销售的最高奖金额不得超过人民币否则构成不正当竞争行为
X县国税局一公民对W市下属的X县的国税局的决定不服应该向谁提起行政复议
根据消费税暂行条例规定纳税人委托个体经营者加工的应税消费品其纳税义务发生的时间是
下列情形中哪些行为不构成侵占罪
按照保险利益原则下列哪些当事人的投保行为无效
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite.Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue--eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital
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