首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
The 20th century may have been the age of scientific advancement but, as the new millennium begin...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单项选择》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
A.late18thcentury??B.equaleducationandemploymentwi
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevis
??A．late18thcentury??B．equaleducationand employme
Biologicalwarfareoriginatedinthe20thcentury.
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevis
Alate18thcentury??Bequaleducationandemploymentwith
AccordingtoUCP600thetermshipmenttobemadeatthemiddl
from the 11th to the 20th of May
from the 15th to the 25th of May
from the 10th to the 20th of May
from the 16th to the 31st of May
Thepopulationoftheworldin20thcenturybecameverymuch
bigger
larger
greater
more
Thecomputer________helpwehumanbeingshavesteppedint
which
whose
with its
with whose
热门试题
更多
ShortofmoneyNeedaninstantloanSincetheearly1990syourbestbethasbeentogotothelow-rentendoftownandfindanappointedloan-shop.Thereyoucanborrowmoneyinsmallamountsgenerallynotmuchmorethan$500againstyourpost-datedpay-cheque.Youwillbechargedaround$15interestforevery$100youborrow--andthatispermonth.Formanypeoplethereisnoalternative.Banksrefusetomakesmallloansbecausethereisnomoneyinitandcompletelyunregulatedlendingviatheinternetorloansharksistooalarming.AccordingtotheCommunityFinancialServicesAssociationanadvocacygroupfortheindustrymostborrowersareresponsibleandpayofftheirloansinatimelymanner.Butsomedon’t.TheCentreforResponsibleLendingaconsumergroupsaysthatmanyborrowersroutinelyrollovertheirloans.Thisquicklybringsthemintodebttraps.Atypicalborrowermayenduppaying$793fora$325loan.ThecentreestimatesthatpaydayloanscostAmericans$4.2billionayearininterestandfees.Theindustrythrivesinlargepartbecauseitoperatesmostlyoutsidestateusurylawsthatprohibitexcessiveinterestrates.Itsspokesmensaylendersneedsuchexemptionstomakeaprofitontheirbasicservicesmallloans.Lenderssaythattheirreturnswouldamounttopenniesonthedollarifinterestrateswerecapped.Infacttheysaysuchrestrictionswouldputthemoutofbusiness.Andthatisexactlywhatmanyoftheiropponentswouldliketosee--particularlywhenitcomestoloansmadetothefamiliesofsoldiers.InoneofthelastactsoftheRepublicanCongresspaydaylenderswererestrictedtointerestratesof36%onloanstomilitarypersonnelandtheirspouses.ThePentagonisworriedthatuniformedpersonnelespeciallythoseservinginIraqhavebeenlosingtheirsecurityclearancesbecauseofexcessivedebtathome.Thisamongotherthingswasleadingtothecostlyreassignmentofhighlytrainedtroopssuchascommunicationsexpertstoordinarylow-skilljobs.RobertFrankaneconomistatCornellUniversitywroterecentlyintheNewYorkTimesthattheindustry--notunlikethesub-primemortgagesector--isabeneficiaryofthesweepingderegulationofthefinancial-servicesindustrythathasmadecreditmoreaccessible.Itsadverseconsequenceshesayswerecompletelypredictable.Oncepoorpeoplegetinovertheirheadstheywillborrowthemselvesintobankruptcyifthelawpermits;andifweareunhappyaboutthattheonlysolutionistochangetherules./Whichofthefollowingcircumstancesismostunlikelytoberealized
It’seasytogetthesensethesedaysthatyou’vestumbledintoapartywithsomepowerfuldrugthatdramaticallyaltersidentity.Thefacesarefamiliarbutthewordscomingoutofthemaren’t.Somethinghashappenedtoalotofpeopleyouusedtothinkyouknew.They’vechangedintosomethingliketheirownopposite.There’sBillGateswhothesedaysisspendinglesstimeearningmoneythangivingitaway--andpullingotherbillionairesintothedeependofglobalphilanthropy慈善事业withhim.There’shistorianFrancisFukuyamaleadingawholegangofdisaffectedfellowtravelersawayfromneoconservatism.Toflip-flopishuman.Itcanstillsometimesbeapoliticalliabilityevidenceofaflakydispositionorrankopportunism.Buttherearecircumstancesinwhichnottoreversecourseseemsalmostpathological病态的.He’samodelofconsistencyStephenColbertsaidlastyearofGeorgeW.Bush:HebelievesthesamethingWednesdaythathebelievedonMonday--nomatterwhathappenedonTuesday.OverthepastthreeyearsIfoundpeoplewhohadpulledabigU-turnintheirlives.Oftentheinsightcameinaforehead-smitingmomentinthemiddleofthenight:I’vegotitallwrong.Itlookedatfirstlikeasprinklingofoutliersbeyondthecurveofnormalhumanexperience.Butwhenyousteppedbackapatternemerged.Whatthesepersonalturnshadincommonwastheapprehensionthatwe’reallconnected.Everythingleansonsomethingisbothdependentanddependedon.ThedifferencebetweenyouandmeavisitingChinesestudenttoldUniversityofMichiganpsychologistRichardNisbettnotlongagoisthatIthinktheworldisacircleandyouthinkit’saline.TheremarkpromptedtheprofessortowriteabookTheGeographyofThoughtaboutthedifferencesbetweentheWesternandtheAsianmind.ToWesternthinkingtheworldislinear;youcanchopitupandanalyzeitandwecanallworkonourlittlepartoftheprojectindependentlyuntilit’ssolved.TheclassicallyEasternmindaccordingtoNisbettseesthingsdifferently:theworldisn’talengthofropebutavastclosedchainincomprehensiblycomplexandeverchanging.Whenyoulookatlifefromthissecondperspectivesomeunlikelyconnectionsrevealthemselves.IrealizedthiswaswhatalmostalltheU-turnshadincommon:peoplehadswungaroundtofaceEast.Theyhadstoppedthinkinginalineandstartedthinkinginacircle.Moralitywaslookinglesslikeasetofrulesandmorelikeastoryoneinwhichtheywerepartofanensemblecastnolongerthestar.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext
Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.ReadingarecentnewspaperreportonasurveyconductedamongcollegefreshmenIrecalledtheregret "IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow." ThesurveydisclosedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrominformalpollsofstudents.Accordingtothesurveywhichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188000studentstoday’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare"morematerialisticandlessaltruistic". 41.______.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteachingsocialserviceandthe"altruistic"fieldsisatalowalongwithethnicandwomen’sstudies.Ontheotherhandenrollmentinbusinessprogramsengineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup. 42.______. FranklyI’mproudoftheyoungladynotherattitudebuthersuccess.Butwhycan’twehaveitbothwaysCan’tweeducatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareerIbelievewecan.Ifwe’renotthenthatisafaultofoureducationalsystem--elementarysecondaryandhigher.Inatimeofincreasingspecializationatimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalivemorethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife. 43.______. Mostofusfinallycometorealizethatqualityoflifeisnotentirelydeterminedbyhowmuchweearn.Sureeveryonewantstobefinanciallycomfortablebutwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderservicetoourfellowmanandtotheworld. 44.______. Itisequallytruethatinstudyingthediversewisdomofotherswelearnhowtothink.Moreimportantperhapseducationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds. 45.______. Inthelongrunthat’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.AndIthinkitcanbe.That’sthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidthatweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.Let’shopeoureducatorsanswerthestudentscriesforcareereducationbutatthesametimelet’sensurethatthestudentsarepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheirfolly.There’salotmoretolifethanajob. [A]Academicemphasisoncompetitionrationalityandexternalsacknowledgesonlyonekindofknowing.Itmakesstudentsdevaluetheirinnerselvesorlargersocialpurposes. [B]Notsurprisinginthesehardtimesthestudent’smajorobjective"istobefinanciallywelloff."Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife. [C]Educationmustmeettheneedsofthehumanspirit.Itmustassiststudentstodevelopasatisfactorypersonalphilosophyandsenseofvalues;tocultivatetastesforliteraturemusicandthearts;togrowinabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandarriveatthoughtfulconclusions. [D]That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmineasalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompanywasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthejob.Andthatwasfouryearsago;Shemustbeearningmuchmorenow. [E]Mostpeoplesomewherebetweentheagesof30and50finallyarriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheycoulddomorethanservingacorporationagovernmentagencyorwhatever. [F]Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheagesweimproveourmoralsense. [G]Whileit’struethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge--beitscientificorartistic. 45
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.5
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 5
It’seasytogetthesensethesedaysthatyou’vestumbledintoapartywithsomepowerfuldrugthatdramaticallyaltersidentity.Thefacesarefamiliarbutthewordscomingoutofthemaren’t.Somethinghashappenedtoalotofpeopleyouusedtothinkyouknew.They’vechangedintosomethingliketheirownopposite.There’sBillGateswhothesedaysisspendinglesstimeearningmoneythangivingitaway--andpullingotherbillionairesintothedeependofglobalphilanthropy慈善事业withhim.There’shistorianFrancisFukuyamaleadingawholegangofdisaffectedfellowtravelersawayfromneoconservatism.Toflip-flopishuman.Itcanstillsometimesbeapoliticalliabilityevidenceofaflakydispositionorrankopportunism.Buttherearecircumstancesinwhichnottoreversecourseseemsalmostpathological病态的.He’samodelofconsistencyStephenColbertsaidlastyearofGeorgeW.Bush:HebelievesthesamethingWednesdaythathebelievedonMonday--nomatterwhathappenedonTuesday.OverthepastthreeyearsIfoundpeoplewhohadpulledabigU-turnintheirlives.Oftentheinsightcameinaforehead-smitingmomentinthemiddleofthenight:I’vegotitallwrong.Itlookedatfirstlikeasprinklingofoutliersbeyondthecurveofnormalhumanexperience.Butwhenyousteppedbackapatternemerged.Whatthesepersonalturnshadincommonwastheapprehensionthatwe’reallconnected.Everythingleansonsomethingisbothdependentanddependedon.ThedifferencebetweenyouandmeavisitingChinesestudenttoldUniversityofMichiganpsychologistRichardNisbettnotlongagoisthatIthinktheworldisacircleandyouthinkit’saline.TheremarkpromptedtheprofessortowriteabookTheGeographyofThoughtaboutthedifferencesbetweentheWesternandtheAsianmind.ToWesternthinkingtheworldislinear;youcanchopitupandanalyzeitandwecanallworkonourlittlepartoftheprojectindependentlyuntilit’ssolved.TheclassicallyEasternmindaccordingtoNisbettseesthingsdifferently:theworldisn’talengthofropebutavastclosedchainincomprehensiblycomplexandeverchanging.Whenyoulookatlifefromthissecondperspectivesomeunlikelyconnectionsrevealthemselves.IrealizedthiswaswhatalmostalltheU-turnshadincommon:peoplehadswungaroundtofaceEast.Theyhadstoppedthinkinginalineandstartedthinkinginacircle.Moralitywaslookinglesslikeasetofrulesandmorelikeastoryoneinwhichtheywerepartofanensemblecastnolongerthestar.Whatcanweinferfromfirsttwoparagraphs
Onethingthatdistinguishestheonlineworldfromtherealoneisthatitisveryeasytofindthings.TofindacopyofTheEconomistinprintonehastogotoanewsstandwhichmayormaynotcarryit.Findingitonlinethoughisadifferentproposition.JustgotoGoogletypeitin"economist"andyouwillbeinstantlydirectedtoeconomist.com.46IndeeduntilGooglenowtheworld’smostpopularsearchenginecameontothesceneinSeptember1998searchingonlinewasahit-or-missaffair. Googlewasvastlybetterthananythingthathadcomebefore:somuchbetterinfactthatitchangedthewaymanypeopleusetheweb.47Almostovernightitmadethewebfarmoreusefulparticularlyfornon-specialistusersmanyofwhomregardGoogleastheInternet’sfrontdoor.It’snowaworldwidephenomenon.NotonlyhasitmadetheInternetintoanextremelyfastandvaluableresearchtoolit’sbecomeacommonwordandhasevencreatedanewverb"togoogle."48TherecentfussoverGoogle’sstockmarketflotationobscuresitsfarwidersocialsignificance:fewtechnologiesafterallaresoinfluentialthattheirnameshavebecomeahouseholdverbsuchasthecloningtechnologycreatestheverb"toclone". Googlebeganin1998asanacademicresearchprojectbySergeyBrinandLawrencePagewhowerethengraduatestudentsatStanfordUniversityinPaloAltoCalifornia.Itwasnotthefirstsearchengineofcourse.49Existingsearchengineswereabletoscanalargeportionofthewebbuildanindexandthenfindpagesthatmatchedparticularwordsbutwerelessgoodatpresentingthosepageswhichmightnumberinthehundredsofthousandsinausefulway. Mr.Brin’sandMr.Page’saccomplishmentwastodeviseawaytosorttheresultsbydeterminingwhichpageswerelikelytobemostrelevant.TheydidsobyusingamathematicalprogramcalledPageRank.50ThisprogramisattheheartofGoogle’ssuccessdistinguishingitfromallsearchenginesandaccountingforitsapparentlymagicalabilitytofindthemostusefulwebpages.Withthispowerfulability.Googledistinguisheditselffromamongallthesearchenginesandbecameanestablishedstandingresearchtoolintheonlineworld. Existingsearchengineswereabletoscanalargeportionofthewebbuildanindexandthenfindpagesthatmatchedparticularwordsbutwerelessgoodatpresentingthosepageswhichmightnumberinthehundredsofthousandsinausefulway.
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.ReadingarecentnewspaperreportonasurveyconductedamongcollegefreshmenIrecalledtheregret "IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow." ThesurveydisclosedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrominformalpollsofstudents.Accordingtothesurveywhichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188000studentstoday’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare"morematerialisticandlessaltruistic". 41.______.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteachingsocialserviceandthe"altruistic"fieldsisatalowalongwithethnicandwomen’sstudies.Ontheotherhandenrollmentinbusinessprogramsengineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup. 42.______. FranklyI’mproudoftheyoungladynotherattitudebuthersuccess.Butwhycan’twehaveitbothwaysCan’tweeducatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareerIbelievewecan.Ifwe’renotthenthatisafaultofoureducationalsystem--elementarysecondaryandhigher.Inatimeofincreasingspecializationatimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalivemorethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife. 43.______. Mostofusfinallycometorealizethatqualityoflifeisnotentirelydeterminedbyhowmuchweearn.Sureeveryonewantstobefinanciallycomfortablebutwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderservicetoourfellowmanandtotheworld. 44.______. Itisequallytruethatinstudyingthediversewisdomofotherswelearnhowtothink.Moreimportantperhapseducationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds. 45.______. Inthelongrunthat’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.AndIthinkitcanbe.That’sthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidthatweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.Let’shopeoureducatorsanswerthestudentscriesforcareereducationbutatthesametimelet’sensurethatthestudentsarepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheirfolly.There’salotmoretolifethanajob. [A]Academicemphasisoncompetitionrationalityandexternalsacknowledgesonlyonekindofknowing.Itmakesstudentsdevaluetheirinnerselvesorlargersocialpurposes. [B]Notsurprisinginthesehardtimesthestudent’smajorobjective"istobefinanciallywelloff."Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife. [C]Educationmustmeettheneedsofthehumanspirit.Itmustassiststudentstodevelopasatisfactorypersonalphilosophyandsenseofvalues;tocultivatetastesforliteraturemusicandthearts;togrowinabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandarriveatthoughtfulconclusions. [D]That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmineasalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompanywasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthejob.Andthatwasfouryearsago;Shemustbeearningmuchmorenow. [E]Mostpeoplesomewherebetweentheagesof30and50finallyarriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheycoulddomorethanservingacorporationagovernmentagencyorwhatever. [F]Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheagesweimproveourmoralsense. [G]Whileit’struethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge--beitscientificorartistic. 41
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 3
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.13
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 7
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.19
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 11
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 9
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.7
"WewantSingaporetohavetheX-factorthatbuzzthatyougetinLondonParisorNewYork."ThatishowLeeHsienLoongSingapore’sprimeminister1hisgovernment’sdecisionto2gamblinginthecountry3twolargeVegas-stylecasinos.WhetherthecasinoswillindeedhelptotransformSingapore’sstaidimageremainstobeseen.Butthedecisionbasalready4anuncharacteristicbuzzamongthecountry’snormally5citizens. Thegovernmenthascontemplatedandrejected6casinosseveraltimesinthepast.Onereasonwas7Singapore’seconomicgrowthwassorapidthatcasinosseemedlikeanunnecessaryevil.BuddhismandIslamtwoofthecountry’smainreligions8ongambling.Thegovernmentitselfhastraditionallyhadstrongandoften9ideasabouthowitscitizensshouldbehave.Untilrecentlyforexampleitrefusedto10homosexualstothecivilservice.Italsousedto11chewinggumwhichitconsidersapublicnuisance. Nowadays12Singapore’selectronicsindustrythemainstayoftheeconomyisstrugglingtocopewithcheapcompetitionfromplaceslikeChina.Inthefirstquarterofthisyearoutput13by5.8%atanannualrate.Sothegovernmentwantslopromotetourismandotherservicesto14forvanishingjobsinmanufacturing. MerrillLynchaninvestmentbank15thetwoproposedcasinoscould16inasmuchas$4billionintheinitialinvestmentalone.17itsestimatestheywouldhaveannualrevenuesof18$3.6billionandpayatleast$600millionintaxesandfees.Thegovernmentforitspartthinkstheintegrated19asitcoylycallsthecasinoswould20asmanyas35000jobs. 1
Onethingthatdistinguishestheonlineworldfromtherealoneisthatitisveryeasytofindthings.TofindacopyofTheEconomistinprintonehastogotoanewsstandwhichmayormaynotcarryit.Findingitonlinethoughisadifferentproposition.JustgotoGoogletypeitin"economist"andyouwillbeinstantlydirectedtoeconomist.com.46IndeeduntilGooglenowtheworld’smostpopularsearchenginecameontothesceneinSeptember1998searchingonlinewasahit-or-missaffair. Googlewasvastlybetterthananythingthathadcomebefore:somuchbetterinfactthatitchangedthewaymanypeopleusetheweb.47Almostovernightitmadethewebfarmoreusefulparticularlyfornon-specialistusersmanyofwhomregardGoogleastheInternet’sfrontdoor.It’snowaworldwidephenomenon.NotonlyhasitmadetheInternetintoanextremelyfastandvaluableresearchtoolit’sbecomeacommonwordandhasevencreatedanewverb"togoogle."48TherecentfussoverGoogle’sstockmarketflotationobscuresitsfarwidersocialsignificance:fewtechnologiesafterallaresoinfluentialthattheirnameshavebecomeahouseholdverbsuchasthecloningtechnologycreatestheverb"toclone". Googlebeganin1998asanacademicresearchprojectbySergeyBrinandLawrencePagewhowerethengraduatestudentsatStanfordUniversityinPaloAltoCalifornia.Itwasnotthefirstsearchengineofcourse.49Existingsearchengineswereabletoscanalargeportionofthewebbuildanindexandthenfindpagesthatmatchedparticularwordsbutwerelessgoodatpresentingthosepageswhichmightnumberinthehundredsofthousandsinausefulway. Mr.Brin’sandMr.Page’saccomplishmentwastodeviseawaytosorttheresultsbydeterminingwhichpageswerelikelytobemostrelevant.TheydidsobyusingamathematicalprogramcalledPageRank.50ThisprogramisattheheartofGoogle’ssuccessdistinguishingitfromallsearchenginesandaccountingforitsapparentlymagicalabilitytofindthemostusefulwebpages.Withthispowerfulability.Googledistinguisheditselffromamongallthesearchenginesandbecameanestablishedstandingresearchtoolintheonlineworld. Almostovernightitmadethewebfarmoreusefulparticularlyfornon-specialistusersmanyofwhomregardGoogleastheInternet’sfrontdoor.
Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.ReadingarecentnewspaperreportonasurveyconductedamongcollegefreshmenIrecalledtheregret "IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow." ThesurveydisclosedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrominformalpollsofstudents.Accordingtothesurveywhichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188000studentstoday’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare"morematerialisticandlessaltruistic". 41.______.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteachingsocialserviceandthe"altruistic"fieldsisatalowalongwithethnicandwomen’sstudies.Ontheotherhandenrollmentinbusinessprogramsengineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup. 42.______. FranklyI’mproudoftheyoungladynotherattitudebuthersuccess.Butwhycan’twehaveitbothwaysCan’tweeducatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareerIbelievewecan.Ifwe’renotthenthatisafaultofoureducationalsystem--elementarysecondaryandhigher.Inatimeofincreasingspecializationatimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalivemorethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife. 43.______. Mostofusfinallycometorealizethatqualityoflifeisnotentirelydeterminedbyhowmuchweearn.Sureeveryonewantstobefinanciallycomfortablebutwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderservicetoourfellowmanandtotheworld. 44.______. Itisequallytruethatinstudyingthediversewisdomofotherswelearnhowtothink.Moreimportantperhapseducationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds. 45.______. Inthelongrunthat’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.AndIthinkitcanbe.That’sthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidthatweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.Let’shopeoureducatorsanswerthestudentscriesforcareereducationbutatthesametimelet’sensurethatthestudentsarepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheirfolly.There’salotmoretolifethanajob. [A]Academicemphasisoncompetitionrationalityandexternalsacknowledgesonlyonekindofknowing.Itmakesstudentsdevaluetheirinnerselvesorlargersocialpurposes. [B]Notsurprisinginthesehardtimesthestudent’smajorobjective"istobefinanciallywelloff."Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife. [C]Educationmustmeettheneedsofthehumanspirit.Itmustassiststudentstodevelopasatisfactorypersonalphilosophyandsenseofvalues;tocultivatetastesforliteraturemusicandthearts;togrowinabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandarriveatthoughtfulconclusions. [D]That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmineasalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompanywasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthejob.Andthatwasfouryearsago;Shemustbeearningmuchmorenow. [E]Mostpeoplesomewherebetweentheagesof30and50finallyarriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheycoulddomorethanservingacorporationagovernmentagencyorwhatever. [F]Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheagesweimproveourmoralsense. [G]Whileit’struethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge--beitscientificorartistic. 43
ShortofmoneyNeedaninstantloanSincetheearly1990syourbestbethasbeentogotothelow-rentendoftownandfindanappointedloan-shop.Thereyoucanborrowmoneyinsmallamountsgenerallynotmuchmorethan$500againstyourpost-datedpay-cheque.Youwillbechargedaround$15interestforevery$100youborrow--andthatispermonth.Formanypeoplethereisnoalternative.Banksrefusetomakesmallloansbecausethereisnomoneyinitandcompletelyunregulatedlendingviatheinternetorloansharksistooalarming.AccordingtotheCommunityFinancialServicesAssociationanadvocacygroupfortheindustrymostborrowersareresponsibleandpayofftheirloansinatimelymanner.Butsomedon’t.TheCentreforResponsibleLendingaconsumergroupsaysthatmanyborrowersroutinelyrollovertheirloans.Thisquicklybringsthemintodebttraps.Atypicalborrowermayenduppaying$793fora$325loan.ThecentreestimatesthatpaydayloanscostAmericans$4.2billionayearininterestandfees.Theindustrythrivesinlargepartbecauseitoperatesmostlyoutsidestateusurylawsthatprohibitexcessiveinterestrates.Itsspokesmensaylendersneedsuchexemptionstomakeaprofitontheirbasicservicesmallloans.Lenderssaythattheirreturnswouldamounttopenniesonthedollarifinterestrateswerecapped.Infacttheysaysuchrestrictionswouldputthemoutofbusiness.Andthatisexactlywhatmanyoftheiropponentswouldliketosee--particularlywhenitcomestoloansmadetothefamiliesofsoldiers.InoneofthelastactsoftheRepublicanCongresspaydaylenderswererestrictedtointerestratesof36%onloanstomilitarypersonnelandtheirspouses.ThePentagonisworriedthatuniformedpersonnelespeciallythoseservinginIraqhavebeenlosingtheirsecurityclearancesbecauseofexcessivedebtathome.Thisamongotherthingswasleadingtothecostlyreassignmentofhighlytrainedtroopssuchascommunicationsexpertstoordinarylow-skilljobs.RobertFrankaneconomistatCornellUniversitywroterecentlyintheNewYorkTimesthattheindustry--notunlikethesub-primemortgagesector--isabeneficiaryofthesweepingderegulationofthefinancial-servicesindustrythathasmadecreditmoreaccessible.Itsadverseconsequenceshesayswerecompletelypredictable.Oncepoorpeoplegetinovertheirheadstheywillborrowthemselvesintobankruptcyifthelawpermits;andifweareunhappyaboutthattheonlysolutionistochangetherules./Thesmall-loanindustryisabletoavoidlawprohibitionsbecause______.
It’seasytogetthesensethesedaysthatyou’vestumbledintoapartywithsomepowerfuldrugthatdramaticallyaltersidentity.Thefacesarefamiliarbutthewordscomingoutofthemaren’t.Somethinghashappenedtoalotofpeopleyouusedtothinkyouknew.They’vechangedintosomethingliketheirownopposite.There’sBillGateswhothesedaysisspendinglesstimeearningmoneythangivingitaway--andpullingotherbillionairesintothedeependofglobalphilanthropy慈善事业withhim.There’shistorianFrancisFukuyamaleadingawholegangofdisaffectedfellowtravelersawayfromneoconservatism.Toflip-flopishuman.Itcanstillsometimesbeapoliticalliabilityevidenceofaflakydispositionorrankopportunism.Buttherearecircumstancesinwhichnottoreversecourseseemsalmostpathological病态的.He’samodelofconsistencyStephenColbertsaidlastyearofGeorgeW.Bush:HebelievesthesamethingWednesdaythathebelievedonMonday--nomatterwhathappenedonTuesday.OverthepastthreeyearsIfoundpeoplewhohadpulledabigU-turnintheirlives.Oftentheinsightcameinaforehead-smitingmomentinthemiddleofthenight:I’vegotitallwrong.Itlookedatfirstlikeasprinklingofoutliersbeyondthecurveofnormalhumanexperience.Butwhenyousteppedbackapatternemerged.Whatthesepersonalturnshadincommonwastheapprehensionthatwe’reallconnected.Everythingleansonsomethingisbothdependentanddependedon.ThedifferencebetweenyouandmeavisitingChinesestudenttoldUniversityofMichiganpsychologistRichardNisbettnotlongagoisthatIthinktheworldisacircleandyouthinkit’saline.TheremarkpromptedtheprofessortowriteabookTheGeographyofThoughtaboutthedifferencesbetweentheWesternandtheAsianmind.ToWesternthinkingtheworldislinear;youcanchopitupandanalyzeitandwecanallworkonourlittlepartoftheprojectindependentlyuntilit’ssolved.TheclassicallyEasternmindaccordingtoNisbettseesthingsdifferently:theworldisn’talengthofropebutavastclosedchainincomprehensiblycomplexandeverchanging.Whenyoulookatlifefromthissecondperspectivesomeunlikelyconnectionsrevealthemselves.IrealizedthiswaswhatalmostalltheU-turnshadincommon:peoplehadswungaroundtofaceEast.Theyhadstoppedthinkinginalineandstartedthinkinginacircle.Moralitywaslookinglesslikeasetofrulesandmorelikeastoryoneinwhichtheywerepartofanensemblecastnolongerthestar.AccordingtothetextonedifferencebetweenWesternandEasternmindswasthat______.
WhenaShanghaiadconsultantwasrecentlyaskedtorecommendyounglocaldesignerstoaninternationalagencyhesentthreecandidateswithyearsofworkexperience.Butthecompanydecidedtheyweren’tgoodenoughandhadtoimportdesignersfromtheWest.It’sacommonproblemthatChinesevocationalgradssimplyhaven’thadgoodenoughteaching.Mostofthelecturersdon’thaveanyrealworkexperiencesotheycan’tteachusefulthings.Whengraduatesdogethiredtheybasicallyhavetobere-educated.China’srapideconomicexpansionhasexposedmanyfrailtiesinitseducationsystemespeciallyonthevocationalside.Thecountrycan’tproduceenoughskilledworkers.Inpartthat’sbecauseitinvestsfarmoreinacademicthanvocationalprograms.Fundinghasfallensignificantlysincethe1990s.Partlyasaresulttodayonly38percentorsoofChina’shigh-school-agestudentsattendvocationalschoolswellbelowtheofficialtargetof50percent.ToaddressthisdeficitlastyearBeijingpledgedtospendalmost$2billionon100newvocationalcollegesand1000highschools.Andthisyearitstartedofferingannualsubsidiestovocationalstudents.ButChina’strainingistooabstractwhat’surgentlyrequiredaretechnicianswhocancomeupwithagoodideaandturnitintoamarketableproduct.Partsofthecountryarealreadyadapting;inShenzhenlocalinstitutesoffermadetoordertrainingforparticularbusinesses.Andsomevocationalcollegeshaveintroducedpracticalresearchprojects.Butvocationaleducationfacesadeeperproblem:itsimage.China’smiddleclassiseagertoforgetitsexperiencewithphysicallaborandfewallowtheirchildrentobecometechnicalworkers.Everyonethinksthesearethingsthatlow-classpeopledo.ThusChinanowproducesrecordnumbersofcollegegrads--whostruggletofindworkbecausetheylacktheskillsformanufacturingwheredemandisgreatest.Onefixwouldbetore-brandvocationalsubjectsasprofessionalnotmanualskills.AttheotherendofthespectrumareChina’s100million-plusruralmigrantworkersmanyofwhomhavelittleschooling.Theyhaveneverlearnedhowtoworkwithotherstoliveinthecitysavemoneyorchoosetherightjob.Thustheyfindithardtolearnfromtheirjobsorplantheircareers.Thisresultsinextremelyhighlaborturnover.Teachingandtraininglifeskillstocomplementvocationalprogramswouldhelp.YettheurgencyofChina’sskilled-laborshortfallwillforcearethink.FornowChinaisrelyingoncheaplow-skilledlabor-intensiveproductionbutit’snotsustainableinthelongtermWemustraiseourskillslevelandit’simpossibleforstate-runcollegestodoallthetraining.IndeedwiththedemandforskilledworkersgrowingallthetimeChinawillneedallthehelpitcanget.WhyareChinesevocationalgradsinferiortotheirWesterncounterparts
WhenaShanghaiadconsultantwasrecentlyaskedtorecommendyounglocaldesignerstoaninternationalagencyhesentthreecandidateswithyearsofworkexperience.Butthecompanydecidedtheyweren’tgoodenoughandhadtoimportdesignersfromtheWest.It’sacommonproblemthatChinesevocationalgradssimplyhaven’thadgoodenoughteaching.Mostofthelecturersdon’thaveanyrealworkexperiencesotheycan’tteachusefulthings.Whengraduatesdogethiredtheybasicallyhavetobere-educated.China’srapideconomicexpansionhasexposedmanyfrailtiesinitseducationsystemespeciallyonthevocationalside.Thecountrycan’tproduceenoughskilledworkers.Inpartthat’sbecauseitinvestsfarmoreinacademicthanvocationalprograms.Fundinghasfallensignificantlysincethe1990s.Partlyasaresulttodayonly38percentorsoofChina’shigh-school-agestudentsattendvocationalschoolswellbelowtheofficialtargetof50percent.ToaddressthisdeficitlastyearBeijingpledgedtospendalmost$2billionon100newvocationalcollegesand1000highschools.Andthisyearitstartedofferingannualsubsidiestovocationalstudents.ButChina’strainingistooabstractwhat’surgentlyrequiredaretechnicianswhocancomeupwithagoodideaandturnitintoamarketableproduct.Partsofthecountryarealreadyadapting;inShenzhenlocalinstitutesoffermadetoordertrainingforparticularbusinesses.Andsomevocationalcollegeshaveintroducedpracticalresearchprojects.Butvocationaleducationfacesadeeperproblem:itsimage.China’smiddleclassiseagertoforgetitsexperiencewithphysicallaborandfewallowtheirchildrentobecometechnicalworkers.Everyonethinksthesearethingsthatlow-classpeopledo.ThusChinanowproducesrecordnumbersofcollegegrads--whostruggletofindworkbecausetheylacktheskillsformanufacturingwheredemandisgreatest.Onefixwouldbetore-brandvocationalsubjectsasprofessionalnotmanualskills.AttheotherendofthespectrumareChina’s100million-plusruralmigrantworkersmanyofwhomhavelittleschooling.Theyhaveneverlearnedhowtoworkwithotherstoliveinthecitysavemoneyorchoosetherightjob.Thustheyfindithardtolearnfromtheirjobsorplantheircareers.Thisresultsinextremelyhighlaborturnover.Teachingandtraininglifeskillstocomplementvocationalprogramswouldhelp.YettheurgencyofChina’sskilled-laborshortfallwillforcearethink.FornowChinaisrelyingoncheaplow-skilledlabor-intensiveproductionbutit’snotsustainableinthelongtermWemustraiseourskillslevelandit’simpossibleforstate-runcollegestodoallthetraining.IndeedwiththedemandforskilledworkersgrowingallthetimeChinawillneedallthehelpitcanget.Intheauthor’sopinionthebestwaytosolveamoreseriousproblemofChinesevocationaleducationis______.
WhenaShanghaiadconsultantwasrecentlyaskedtorecommendyounglocaldesignerstoaninternationalagencyhesentthreecandidateswithyearsofworkexperience.Butthecompanydecidedtheyweren’tgoodenoughandhadtoimportdesignersfromtheWest.It’sacommonproblemthatChinesevocationalgradssimplyhaven’thadgoodenoughteaching.Mostofthelecturersdon’thaveanyrealworkexperiencesotheycan’tteachusefulthings.Whengraduatesdogethiredtheybasicallyhavetobere-educated.China’srapideconomicexpansionhasexposedmanyfrailtiesinitseducationsystemespeciallyonthevocationalside.Thecountrycan’tproduceenoughskilledworkers.Inpartthat’sbecauseitinvestsfarmoreinacademicthanvocationalprograms.Fundinghasfallensignificantlysincethe1990s.Partlyasaresulttodayonly38percentorsoofChina’shigh-school-agestudentsattendvocationalschoolswellbelowtheofficialtargetof50percent.ToaddressthisdeficitlastyearBeijingpledgedtospendalmost$2billionon100newvocationalcollegesand1000highschools.Andthisyearitstartedofferingannualsubsidiestovocationalstudents.ButChina’strainingistooabstractwhat’surgentlyrequiredaretechnicianswhocancomeupwithagoodideaandturnitintoamarketableproduct.Partsofthecountryarealreadyadapting;inShenzhenlocalinstitutesoffermadetoordertrainingforparticularbusinesses.Andsomevocationalcollegeshaveintroducedpracticalresearchprojects.Butvocationaleducationfacesadeeperproblem:itsimage.China’smiddleclassiseagertoforgetitsexperiencewithphysicallaborandfewallowtheirchildrentobecometechnicalworkers.Everyonethinksthesearethingsthatlow-classpeopledo.ThusChinanowproducesrecordnumbersofcollegegrads--whostruggletofindworkbecausetheylacktheskillsformanufacturingwheredemandisgreatest.Onefixwouldbetore-brandvocationalsubjectsasprofessionalnotmanualskills.AttheotherendofthespectrumareChina’s100million-plusruralmigrantworkersmanyofwhomhavelittleschooling.Theyhaveneverlearnedhowtoworkwithotherstoliveinthecitysavemoneyorchoosetherightjob.Thustheyfindithardtolearnfromtheirjobsorplantheircareers.Thisresultsinextremelyhighlaborturnover.Teachingandtraininglifeskillstocomplementvocationalprogramswouldhelp.YettheurgencyofChina’sskilled-laborshortfallwillforcearethink.FornowChinaisrelyingoncheaplow-skilledlabor-intensiveproductionbutit’snotsustainableinthelongtermWemustraiseourskillslevelandit’simpossibleforstate-runcollegestodoallthetraining.IndeedwiththedemandforskilledworkersgrowingallthetimeChinawillneedallthehelpitcanget.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsvocationaleducationinChina
Themoonappearstowarpthemindsofsomemen.Despiteputtingmenonthemoonin1969Americaseemsdeterminedonre-enactingthespaceracethistimepittingitseffortsagainstthoseoftheChinese.NowaRussiancompanyclaimsitcoulddevelopasystemtoexploitthemoon’snaturalresourcesandpotentiallyrelocateharmfulindustriesthere.Thisislunacy.Russiacertainlyhasgreatprowessinspace.InitsformerguiseasthecentreofpowerintheSovietUnionitlaunchedthefirstman-madesatellitein1957.InaspectacularfollowupYuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersoninspacein1961.Anothertriumphcamein1968whentheRussianssentaspaceshiptoorbitthemoonwithturtlesaboardreturningitanditslivingcargosafelytoEarth.AnunmannedRussianspacecraftalsolandedonthemoonaheadofthefirstmannedlandingbytheAmericans.EvenafterNeilArmstrongtookhisonesmallstepRussiahasproveditssuperiorityinkeepingpeopleinspacestationsorbitingtheEarth.TheRussianSoyuzrocketisamainstayofsatellitelaunchesandwouldbeusedtorescueastronautsshouldanyaccidentbefalltheInternationalSpaceStation.HeadofthespacecraftmanufacturerthathelpedachievetheseRussiansuccessesthisweekboastedthathisrocketscouldbeusedtoindustrialisethemoon.SowhywerehisremarksgreetedwithsuchscepticismOnereasonforthecynicismisthattheideaisabsurd.AUnitedNationstreatypassedin1967banspotentiallyharmfulinterferencewiththeEarth’soriginalsatelliteandrequiresinternationalconsultationbeforeproceedingwithanyactivitythatcoulddisruptthepeacefulexplorationofspaceincludingthemoon.AsecondproblemisthatlandingonthemoonhasprovedbeyondthebudgetofanystateotherthanAmericaandofanyprivatecompanytodate.Infactoneofthebesthopesforinvestmentcomesfromspacetourism.OnSaturdayApril7ththefifthsuchholidaymakerenteredspaceaboardaRussianSoyuzrocket.CharlesSimonyianAmericansoftwaredeveloperpaid$25mforhisten-daystayattheInternationalSpaceStation.Thenextholidaydestinationisthemoon.Thetouroperatorthatorganisedthefirstfivepackagesisofferingtwoticketstoorbitthemoonfor$100meach.LaunchwouldbeaboardaSoyuzspacecraft.ButtheSoyuzsystemwasdesignedinthe1960sandhasbeenonthevergeofretirementformanyyears.UnfortunatelytheRussianauthoritieshavepostponedindefinitelythedevelopmentofasuccessor.Thustheclaimoftheindustrialisationofthemoonisunlikelytosucceed.WhichofthefollowingisnotRussianachievementinspaceexploration
Themoonappearstowarpthemindsofsomemen.Despiteputtingmenonthemoonin1969Americaseemsdeterminedonre-enactingthespaceracethistimepittingitseffortsagainstthoseoftheChinese.NowaRussiancompanyclaimsitcoulddevelopasystemtoexploitthemoon’snaturalresourcesandpotentiallyrelocateharmfulindustriesthere.Thisislunacy.Russiacertainlyhasgreatprowessinspace.InitsformerguiseasthecentreofpowerintheSovietUnionitlaunchedthefirstman-madesatellitein1957.InaspectacularfollowupYuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersoninspacein1961.Anothertriumphcamein1968whentheRussianssentaspaceshiptoorbitthemoonwithturtlesaboardreturningitanditslivingcargosafelytoEarth.AnunmannedRussianspacecraftalsolandedonthemoonaheadofthefirstmannedlandingbytheAmericans.EvenafterNeilArmstrongtookhisonesmallstepRussiahasproveditssuperiorityinkeepingpeopleinspacestationsorbitingtheEarth.TheRussianSoyuzrocketisamainstayofsatellitelaunchesandwouldbeusedtorescueastronautsshouldanyaccidentbefalltheInternationalSpaceStation.HeadofthespacecraftmanufacturerthathelpedachievetheseRussiansuccessesthisweekboastedthathisrocketscouldbeusedtoindustrialisethemoon.SowhywerehisremarksgreetedwithsuchscepticismOnereasonforthecynicismisthattheideaisabsurd.AUnitedNationstreatypassedin1967banspotentiallyharmfulinterferencewiththeEarth’soriginalsatelliteandrequiresinternationalconsultationbeforeproceedingwithanyactivitythatcoulddisruptthepeacefulexplorationofspaceincludingthemoon.AsecondproblemisthatlandingonthemoonhasprovedbeyondthebudgetofanystateotherthanAmericaandofanyprivatecompanytodate.Infactoneofthebesthopesforinvestmentcomesfromspacetourism.OnSaturdayApril7ththefifthsuchholidaymakerenteredspaceaboardaRussianSoyuzrocket.CharlesSimonyianAmericansoftwaredeveloperpaid$25mforhisten-daystayattheInternationalSpaceStation.Thenextholidaydestinationisthemoon.Thetouroperatorthatorganisedthefirstfivepackagesisofferingtwoticketstoorbitthemoonfor$100meach.LaunchwouldbeaboardaSoyuzspacecraft.ButtheSoyuzsystemwasdesignedinthe1960sandhasbeenonthevergeofretirementformanyyears.UnfortunatelytheRussianauthoritieshavepostponedindefinitelythedevelopmentofasuccessor.Thustheclaimoftheindustrialisationofthemoonisunlikelytosucceed.Accordingtothetextwhichisthemostprobableresultofthedevelopmentofspacetourism
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocalorganswe1withourwholebodies."Allofuscommunicatewithoneanother2aswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoingaswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthethumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe3.Butmostofthetimewe’renotawarethatwe’redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahandmeetsomeoneelse’seyesand4.Theseactionswe5arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers6thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguageandtheyconcludethatthereisawhole7ofbodylanguage8thewaywemovethegesturesweemploythepostureweadoptthefacialexpressionwe9theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestand10eachother. Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcanreplaceverbalcommunication11withtheuseofgesture.Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunicationloudnessand12ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdlyitregulatessocialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedbynon-verbal13.Finallyitconveysouremotionsandattitudes.Thisis14importantforsuccessfulcross-culturecommunication. Everyculturehasitsown"bodylanguage"andchildrenabsorbitsnuances15withspokenlanguage.ThewayanEnglishmencrosseshislegsis16likethewayamateAmericandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromotherculturesthebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethecommunicationeasyand17suchasshakinghandissucha18gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthatitisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimes--thebodylanguagecancausecertainmisunderstanding19peopleofdifferentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehaviorforsendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent20towardsthesamebodysignals. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Directions:YouandyourfriendjustarrivedhomefromatriparrangedbyatravelagencynamedHappyTours.YouaremostunsatisfiedwiththeserviceandarrangementofthetravelagencyandyoudecidetowritealetterofcomplainttotheManagerofHappyTours.Imaginesomedetailsofthistrip.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号