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In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimul...
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根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词使短文意思完整每空限一词根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词
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Whenworkersbecomemoreefficientit’snormallyagoodthing.Butlatelyithasactedasapowerfulbrakeonjobcreation.Andthequestionofwhethertherecentsurgeinproductivityhasrunitscourseisthekeytowhetherjobgrowthisfinallypoisedtotakeoff. Oneofthegreatsurprisesoftheeconomicdownturnthatbegan27monthsagoisthis..Businessesareproducingonly3percentfewergoodsandservicesthantheywereattheendof2007yetAmericansareworkingnearly10percentfewerhoursbecauseofamixoflayoffsandcutbacksintheworkweek. 46Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.Solongasemployerscansqueezedramaticallyhigheroutputfromeveryworkertheywon’tneedtohireagaindespitethegrowingeconomy. 47OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms. AstrongMarchjob-growthnumber-atatimewhentheeconomyisgrowingatonlyamiddlingpace--wouldsuggestthattheproductivityboomhaslargelyrunitscourse.48Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear. "Itisanepisodethatwe’regoingto--weeconomistsingeneral--aregoingtowanttounderstandbetterandlookatforalongtime"FederalReserveChairmanBenS.Bernankesaidatahearinglastweekinwhichhedescribedtheproductivitygainsas"extraordinary"andacknowledgedhehadnotforeseenthem. 49Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly.50Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector. Sowhat’shappeningAsbestasanyonecanguessthecrisisthatbeganin2007anddeepenedin2008causedbothbusinessesandworkerstopanic. Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactorsincludinggeneticenvironmentalandlifestylecomponents.Manymediareportshowevercanteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoywecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.Clearlythisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon结肠.Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaintsincludingcirrhosis硬化.Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas黑素瘤.Alwaysthereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyleandgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsofhealthyfoodsincludingfibercarrotsbroccolietc.alsotendtodrinklessalcoholtakemoreexerciseavoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.Thereishoweveronethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoungevenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhichbyanycriteriaareclearlyhealthyones.Thissingleincontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.ComparingcancersurvivalratesthestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUSbutthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservicestargetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareasratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.Thefactthatavegetariancandieofcoloncancerindicatesthat______.
Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactorsincludinggeneticenvironmentalandlifestylecomponents.Manymediareportshowevercanteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoywecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.Clearlythisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon结肠.Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaintsincludingcirrhosis硬化.Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas黑素瘤.Alwaysthereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyleandgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsofhealthyfoodsincludingfibercarrotsbroccolietc.alsotendtodrinklessalcoholtakemoreexerciseavoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.Thereishoweveronethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoungevenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhichbyanycriteriaareclearlyhealthyones.Thissingleincontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.ComparingcancersurvivalratesthestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUSbutthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservicestargetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareasratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.CancersurvivalratesfoundinthestudywerelowerinWalesthanintheUSbecause______.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.HerdarkhaircutinaseverepageboyAynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcapeadollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.MelodramaticyesbutRanddidn’thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivismherphilosophyofradicalindividualismlimitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand’slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovelsTheFountainheadandAtlasShruggedsoaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated严厉批评forfomenting引发therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebatetwoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMadebyAnneC.HellerDoubleday;592pagesisacomprehensivestudyinnovelisticdetailofRand’spersonallifeandGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRightbyJenniterBurnsOxford;369pagesleansmoreheavilyonRand’stheoriesandpolitics.FromherearliestyearsRandwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.PetersburgRandwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.HerfamilysuddenlypoorwasforcedtofleeandRand’shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewnameAynrhymeswithfinemadeherwaytoHollywoodwhereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactorFrankO’Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie’slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurnsBeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimisticwriting’Thecapitalistworldislowunprincipledandcorrupt.’Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe’noblestcleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall’.TheFountainheadanepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalueswasherbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700-pagebooktopressshebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine一种兴奋剂的名称tofuelherefforts.Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovelincludingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofswritesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.ThewordMelodramaticLine2Paragraph1mostprobablymeans______.
Whenworkersbecomemoreefficientit’snormallyagoodthing.Butlatelyithasactedasapowerfulbrakeonjobcreation.Andthequestionofwhethertherecentsurgeinproductivityhasrunitscourseisthekeytowhetherjobgrowthisfinallypoisedtotakeoff. Oneofthegreatsurprisesoftheeconomicdownturnthatbegan27monthsagoisthis..Businessesareproducingonly3percentfewergoodsandservicesthantheywereattheendof2007yetAmericansareworkingnearly10percentfewerhoursbecauseofamixoflayoffsandcutbacksintheworkweek. 46Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.Solongasemployerscansqueezedramaticallyhigheroutputfromeveryworkertheywon’tneedtohireagaindespitethegrowingeconomy. 47OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms. AstrongMarchjob-growthnumber-atatimewhentheeconomyisgrowingatonlyamiddlingpace--wouldsuggestthattheproductivityboomhaslargelyrunitscourse.48Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear. "Itisanepisodethatwe’regoingto--weeconomistsingeneral--aregoingtowanttounderstandbetterandlookatforalongtime"FederalReserveChairmanBenS.Bernankesaidatahearinglastweekinwhichhedescribedtheproductivitygainsas"extraordinary"andacknowledgedhehadnotforeseenthem. 49Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly.50Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector. Sowhat’shappeningAsbestasanyonecanguessthecrisisthatbeganin2007anddeepenedin2008causedbothbusinessesandworkerstopanic. Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.HerdarkhaircutinaseverepageboyAynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcapeadollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.MelodramaticyesbutRanddidn’thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivismherphilosophyofradicalindividualismlimitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand’slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovelsTheFountainheadandAtlasShruggedsoaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated严厉批评forfomenting引发therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebatetwoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMadebyAnneC.HellerDoubleday;592pagesisacomprehensivestudyinnovelisticdetailofRand’spersonallifeandGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRightbyJenniterBurnsOxford;369pagesleansmoreheavilyonRand’stheoriesandpolitics.FromherearliestyearsRandwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.PetersburgRandwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.HerfamilysuddenlypoorwasforcedtofleeandRand’shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewnameAynrhymeswithfinemadeherwaytoHollywoodwhereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactorFrankO’Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie’slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurnsBeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimisticwriting’Thecapitalistworldislowunprincipledandcorrupt.’Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe’noblestcleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall’.TheFountainheadanepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalueswasherbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700-pagebooktopressshebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine一种兴奋剂的名称tofuelherefforts.Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovelincludingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofswritesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.Thebesttitleforthetextis______.
RigobertoPadilla21cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicagojoinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla’sstatuswasn’taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn’tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumberhesays.InJanuarytheUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor轻罪paidafineandgotcourtsupervisionbutthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings.Itwasonemistakeinmylifehesays.Padilla’simpendingdeportationcatapulted猛投himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakersstudentsmembersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthemandperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrantstoearnlegalstatussaysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcementICEagreedlastweektodelayPadilla’sdeportationforayearmakinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJuneaccordingtoDreamActivistoneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportationsaysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.IwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountryPadillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalfandRep.JanSchakowskyD-Ill.introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay.Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaderssheasks.Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere.Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrezDill.introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfinespassbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopmentReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryoungerafive-yearresidencyormoreandatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2001withoutsuccess.Padillacouldbedeportedbecause______.
RigobertoPadilla21cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicagojoinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla’sstatuswasn’taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn’tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumberhesays.InJanuarytheUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor轻罪paidafineandgotcourtsupervisionbutthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings.Itwasonemistakeinmylifehesays.Padilla’simpendingdeportationcatapulted猛投himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakersstudentsmembersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthemandperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrantstoearnlegalstatussaysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcementICEagreedlastweektodelayPadilla’sdeportationforayearmakinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJuneaccordingtoDreamActivistoneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportationsaysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.IwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountryPadillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalfandRep.JanSchakowskyD-Ill.introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay.Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaderssheasks.Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere.Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrezDill.introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfinespassbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopmentReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryoungerafive-yearresidencyormoreandatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2001withoutsuccess.WhydosomeAmericansaskforlegalstatusforsomeillegalimmigrants
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.HerdarkhaircutinaseverepageboyAynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcapeadollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.MelodramaticyesbutRanddidn’thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivismherphilosophyofradicalindividualismlimitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand’slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovelsTheFountainheadandAtlasShruggedsoaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated严厉批评forfomenting引发therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebatetwoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMadebyAnneC.HellerDoubleday;592pagesisacomprehensivestudyinnovelisticdetailofRand’spersonallifeandGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRightbyJenniterBurnsOxford;369pagesleansmoreheavilyonRand’stheoriesandpolitics.FromherearliestyearsRandwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.PetersburgRandwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.HerfamilysuddenlypoorwasforcedtofleeandRand’shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewnameAynrhymeswithfinemadeherwaytoHollywoodwhereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactorFrankO’Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie’slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurnsBeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimisticwriting’Thecapitalistworldislowunprincipledandcorrupt.’Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe’noblestcleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall’.TheFountainheadanepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalueswasherbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700-pagebooktopressshebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine一种兴奋剂的名称tofuelherefforts.Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovelincludingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofswritesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.WhyisthebadeconomygoodnewsforRand’slegacy
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
AssummerrollsaroundlawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It’snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens’jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironicgivenlastyear’smidrecessionminimumwageincreasewhichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummerUniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2009wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2007whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.It’shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there’snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit’slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentratesNeumarksays.Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilledhesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear’sincrease.Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinAprilcomparedwith9.9percentoverallaccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2007themonthbeforethestartoftherecessiontheunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percentversus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2007bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies.Thereasonsarediverse.ForonethingincreasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdeclineaccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute.Forteenstherehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollmentreportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetitionwhichisincreasinglyskilled.Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositionsbuttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaychecksaysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallengerGray&Christmas.Whyisithardtoanalyzethejobslost
[A]Storytellersfromantiquityknewthepowerofstar-crossedromanceandsodidAudreyNiffenegger.Her2003bestsellerTheTimeTraveler’sWifeissoplangentataleoffatallovewithtwoadorablepeoplefightingtobeattheoddsagainstthem. [B]Henryyouseehasthegiftorcurseoftime-traveling:disappearingfromonetemporalandspatialrealitytopopupnakedinanother.Thisscience-fictiontropewillbefamiliartofansofTheTerminatorbutHenryisnoaction-fantasygod.He’sjustaguywhosebodyhasawanderlusthecan’tharness.That’swhyashetellsthebesottedClare"IneverwantedanythinginmylifethatIcouldn’tstandlosing."Ofcoursethey’redestinedtobeeachother’soneandonlyloves. [C]MyfriendandneighborthefilmmakerAlanWadehasaprovocativeexplanationforwhyTitanicstrucksuchastrongandreverberantchordwithhundredsofmillionsofmoviegoersespeciallywomen:theherodies.OKthatbreaksacardinalruleofmovieromance:thattheloverskisshappilyatthefinalfade-out.Mostexamplesofthegenreendwiththatrosyimageinpartbecausetheirmakersarereluctanttobumouttheiraudience. [D]HenryEricBanawhoworksinaChicagopubliclibraryisinthereadingroomwhenawomanhe’snevermetwalksuptohimandsaysdewily"I’velovedyouallmylife."She’sClareRachelMcAdamsayoungartistandinherpast--Henry’sfuture-hehasvisitedherandwonherundyingdevotion. [E]JamesCameronmusthavebeentemptedtoendhisfilmwithLeonardoDiCaprio’sJacksurvivingtheship’ssinkingandenjoyingalonglifewithKateWinslet’sRose. [F]Thatit’ssurprisingittooksixyearsforittogettothebigscreen.Maybeprospectiveproducerswerereluctanttobucktheprevailingwisdomofaconventionalhappyending.AnywayhereisthefilmversiondirectedbyRobertSchwentke.It’ssoppyenoughtosuittherequirementsoftheweepiegenreandthere’samusicscorethattriestocuealltheemotionsinviewersasifthey’reincapableoflocatingtheirownfeelings.Butthemoviealsohasanachingsoliditythatallowsyoutosurrendertoitscuddly-creepyfeelingswithouthatingyourselfinthemorning. [G]ButCameronrealizedthatbykillingoffJackhewasraisingthemovie’sstakesfromdomesticplatitudetoclassicromantictragedy.Jack’sdeathstampedbothfinalityandimmortalityonthelovers’shipboardtryst.Becauseheisgonetheirlovewillliveforever. Order:[*] 44
RigobertoPadilla21cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicagojoinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla’sstatuswasn’taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn’tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumberhesays.InJanuarytheUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor轻罪paidafineandgotcourtsupervisionbutthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings.Itwasonemistakeinmylifehesays.Padilla’simpendingdeportationcatapulted猛投himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakersstudentsmembersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthemandperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrantstoearnlegalstatussaysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcementICEagreedlastweektodelayPadilla’sdeportationforayearmakinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJuneaccordingtoDreamActivistoneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportationsaysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.IwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountryPadillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalfandRep.JanSchakowskyD-Ill.introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay.Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaderssheasks.Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere.Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrezDill.introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfinespassbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopmentReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryoungerafive-yearresidencyormoreandatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2001withoutsuccess.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext
AssummerrollsaroundlawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It’snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens’jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironicgivenlastyear’smidrecessionminimumwageincreasewhichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummerUniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2009wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2007whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.It’shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there’snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit’slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentratesNeumarksays.Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilledhesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear’sincrease.Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinAprilcomparedwith9.9percentoverallaccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2007themonthbeforethestartoftherecessiontheunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percentversus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2007bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies.Thereasonsarediverse.ForonethingincreasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdeclineaccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute.Forteenstherehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollmentreportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetitionwhichisincreasinglyskilled.Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositionsbuttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaychecksaysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallengerGray&Christmas.Whatisthemainideaofthetext
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Directions:Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould 1describethedrawingbriefly 2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen 3giveyourcomments. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Whenworkersbecomemoreefficientit’snormallyagoodthing.Butlatelyithasactedasapowerfulbrakeonjobcreation.Andthequestionofwhethertherecentsurgeinproductivityhasrunitscourseisthekeytowhetherjobgrowthisfinallypoisedtotakeoff. Oneofthegreatsurprisesoftheeconomicdownturnthatbegan27monthsagoisthis..Businessesareproducingonly3percentfewergoodsandservicesthantheywereattheendof2007yetAmericansareworkingnearly10percentfewerhoursbecauseofamixoflayoffsandcutbacksintheworkweek. 46Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.Solongasemployerscansqueezedramaticallyhigheroutputfromeveryworkertheywon’tneedtohireagaindespitethegrowingeconomy. 47OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms. AstrongMarchjob-growthnumber-atatimewhentheeconomyisgrowingatonlyamiddlingpace--wouldsuggestthattheproductivityboomhaslargelyrunitscourse.48Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear. "Itisanepisodethatwe’regoingto--weeconomistsingeneral--aregoingtowanttounderstandbetterandlookatforalongtime"FederalReserveChairmanBenS.Bernankesaidatahearinglastweekinwhichhedescribedtheproductivitygainsas"extraordinary"andacknowledgedhehadnotforeseenthem. 49Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly.50Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector. Sowhat’shappeningAsbestasanyonecanguessthecrisisthatbeganin2007anddeepenedin2008causedbothbusinessesandworkerstopanic. Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
[A]Storytellersfromantiquityknewthepowerofstar-crossedromanceandsodidAudreyNiffenegger.Her2003bestsellerTheTimeTraveler’sWifeissoplangentataleoffatallovewithtwoadorablepeoplefightingtobeattheoddsagainstthem. [B]Henryyouseehasthegiftorcurseoftime-traveling:disappearingfromonetemporalandspatialrealitytopopupnakedinanother.Thisscience-fictiontropewillbefamiliartofansofTheTerminatorbutHenryisnoaction-fantasygod.He’sjustaguywhosebodyhasawanderlusthecan’tharness.That’swhyashetellsthebesottedClare"IneverwantedanythinginmylifethatIcouldn’tstandlosing."Ofcoursethey’redestinedtobeeachother’soneandonlyloves. [C]MyfriendandneighborthefilmmakerAlanWadehasaprovocativeexplanationforwhyTitanicstrucksuchastrongandreverberantchordwithhundredsofmillionsofmoviegoersespeciallywomen:theherodies.OKthatbreaksacardinalruleofmovieromance:thattheloverskisshappilyatthefinalfade-out.Mostexamplesofthegenreendwiththatrosyimageinpartbecausetheirmakersarereluctanttobumouttheiraudience. [D]HenryEricBanawhoworksinaChicagopubliclibraryisinthereadingroomwhenawomanhe’snevermetwalksuptohimandsaysdewily"I’velovedyouallmylife."She’sClareRachelMcAdamsayoungartistandinherpast--Henry’sfuture-hehasvisitedherandwonherundyingdevotion. [E]JamesCameronmusthavebeentemptedtoendhisfilmwithLeonardoDiCaprio’sJacksurvivingtheship’ssinkingandenjoyingalonglifewithKateWinslet’sRose. [F]Thatit’ssurprisingittooksixyearsforittogettothebigscreen.Maybeprospectiveproducerswerereluctanttobucktheprevailingwisdomofaconventionalhappyending.AnywayhereisthefilmversiondirectedbyRobertSchwentke.It’ssoppyenoughtosuittherequirementsoftheweepiegenreandthere’samusicscorethattriestocuealltheemotionsinviewersasifthey’reincapableoflocatingtheirownfeelings.Butthemoviealsohasanachingsoliditythatallowsyoutosurrendertoitscuddly-creepyfeelingswithouthatingyourselfinthemorning. [G]ButCameronrealizedthatbykillingoffJackhewasraisingthemovie’sstakesfromdomesticplatitudetoclassicromantictragedy.Jack’sdeathstampedbothfinalityandimmortalityonthelovers’shipboardtryst.Becauseheisgonetheirlovewillliveforever. Order:[*] 42
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