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政府作为宏观经济调控者主要承担的职能有
我国国有企业改革的方向是
国家对社会成员的基本生活权利给予物质保证的社会安全制度是
建立新型的社会保障制度应遵循的基本原则有
发展社会主义市场经济必须建立主要由市场形成价格的机制因为只有这种价格机制才能
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizethese paragraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineach numberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou inBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequate protectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.economy$ 80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyearaccordingto GaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDicksteinShapiro& MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof$4billionof revenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmoviesbooks andrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast$4billion annually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformore than25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotection againstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration’strade agenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythat dealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecord numberofcases38lastyearSaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:Conceptual propertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftrade disputes.[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiled morethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in 1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcaseto dateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay$900millionfor infringingonSevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reaching copyrightcasebookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhena federalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinko’sGraphicsnationalchainof copyingstores$510000forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbooks tocollegestudents.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjectto appealtheawardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectual property.ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYou Don’tWantMyPeachesYou’dBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactually encompassesthewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue --andmanyofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney’sMickeyMouseto Upjohn’sformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksand copyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmost anythingtoprotect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedon informationandtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofa company’swealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarked andcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday’scleverthiefdoesn’t robbanksmanyofwhicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevin Costner’slatestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulafor Merck’snewestpharmaceutical.That’swherethemoneyis.[F] Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectual property.Realizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeas wellashobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscovering patentscopyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBraziland eventheSovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlaws orbeefupexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupport foraproposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethe lifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthe firsttimetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G] Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputer programs.Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson &Johnsonintroducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveral yearsagoexecutivesatMinnesotaMining&Manufacturingflewintoarage. Thetapewhichsetsfracturesfasterthanplasterwasremarkablysimilarin designandfunctiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt. Paul-basedcompanyquicklysuedchargingJ&Jwithviolatingfourofits patents.Lastmonthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ&Jtopay$116 millionindamagesandinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringement judgmentinhistory.Order:
近几年上海郊区浙江嘉兴绍兴等地区的农民已经逐步实现了失业有镇保生病有医保退休有养老的目标这种社会保障属于
我国价格改革的目标是建立
国有企业改革的方向是建立现代企业制度按照产权清晰的要求企业应拥有
Directions: A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160-200words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Describethepicture 2interpretitsmeaningand 3giveyourcomments.
在我国经济运行中对资源配置起基础性作用的应该是
社会主义国家用来进行宏观调控的经济杠杆有
我们要建立社会主义市场经济体制就是要
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Oncetheexclusivedomainofexecutiveswithexpenseaccounts mobilephonesaresettobecomeoneofthecentraltechnologiesofthe21st century.46Withinafewyearsthemobilephonewillevolvefroma voice-onlydevicetoamulti-functionalcommunicatorcapableoftransmittingand receivingnotonlysoundbutvideostillimagesdataandtext.Awhole neweraofpersonalcommunicationisontheway.Thanksinpart tothegrowthofwirelessnetworksthetelephoneisconvergingwiththe personalcomputerandthetelevision.47Soonlight-weightphonesoutfitted withhighresolutionscreens--whichcanbeembeddedineverythingfrom wristwatchestopalm-heldunitswillbeconnectedtoseriesofloworbit satellitesenablingpeopletotalksendandreceiveE-mailortakepartin videoconferencesanytimeanywhere.Thesephonesmightalsoabsorbmanyof thekeyfunctionsofthedesktopcomputer.Mobiledevicesareexpectedtobe idealforsomeofthenewpersonalizedservicesthatarebecomingavailablevia theInternet.Thecommunicationsrevolutionisalreadytaking shapearoundtheglobe.InEuropemall-scaletrialsareunderwayusingmobile phonesforelectroniccommerce.Forexamplemostphonescontainasubscriber identificationmoduleSIMcardthatservesprimarilytoidentifyausertothe phonenetwork.SomemanufacturersplantoupgradetheSIMcardtoanall-in-one personalidentificationandcreditcard.Anotherapproachistoaddaslotto mobilephonesforasecondsmartcarddesignedspecificallyformobile ecommerce.48ThesecardscouldbeusedtomakepaymentsovertheInternet orremovedfromthephoneforuseinpointof-saleterminalstopayforthings likepublictransportationmovieticketsoraroundofdrinksatthebar. InFranceMotorolaiscurrentlytestingadualslotphone theStarTACDinatrialwithFranceTelecomwhileinFinlandNokiaistesting aphonethatusesaspecialpluginreaderforatinysmartcard.Siemensis pursuingadifferentapproach.49Sinceitisnotveryclearwhether it’sbesttodoeverythingwithasingledeviceSiemensisdevelopingdualslot phonesandEinsteinadeviceequippedwithasmartcardreaderandkeypadthat canbelinkedtothephoneviainfraredwirelesstechnology. 50Forthosewhowanttothoughitwillbepossibletoreceive almostallformsofelectroniccommunicationthroughasingledevicemost likelyathree-in-onephonethatservesasacordlessathomeacellphoneon theroadandanintercomatwork.Themobilephonewillbecomeincreasingly multifunctionalsaysBurghardtSchallenbergervicepresidentfortechnology andinnovationatSiemensInformationandConsumerProducts.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Oncetheexclusivedomainofexecutiveswithexpenseaccounts mobilephonesaresettobecomeoneofthecentraltechnologiesofthe21st century.46Withinafewyearsthemobilephonewillevolvefroma voice-onlydevicetoamulti-functionalcommunicatorcapableoftransmittingand receivingnotonlysoundbutvideostillimagesdataandtext.Awhole neweraofpersonalcommunicationisontheway.Thanksinpart tothegrowthofwirelessnetworksthetelephoneisconvergingwiththe personalcomputerandthetelevision.47Soonlight-weightphonesoutfitted withhighresolutionscreens--whichcanbeembeddedineverythingfrom wristwatchestopalm-heldunitswillbeconnectedtoseriesofloworbit satellitesenablingpeopletotalksendandreceiveE-mailortakepartin videoconferencesanytimeanywhere.Thesephonesmightalsoabsorbmanyof thekeyfunctionsofthedesktopcomputer.Mobiledevicesareexpectedtobe idealforsomeofthenewpersonalizedservicesthatarebecomingavailablevia theInternet.Thecommunicationsrevolutionisalreadytaking shapearoundtheglobe.InEuropemall-scaletrialsareunderwayusingmobile phonesforelectroniccommerce.Forexamplemostphonescontainasubscriber identificationmoduleSIMcardthatservesprimarilytoidentifyausertothe phonenetwork.SomemanufacturersplantoupgradetheSIMcardtoanall-in-one personalidentificationandcreditcard.Anotherapproachistoaddaslotto mobilephonesforasecondsmartcarddesignedspecificallyformobile ecommerce.48ThesecardscouldbeusedtomakepaymentsovertheInternet orremovedfromthephoneforuseinpointof-saleterminalstopayforthings likepublictransportationmovieticketsoraroundofdrinksatthebar. InFranceMotorolaiscurrentlytestingadualslotphone theStarTACDinatrialwithFranceTelecomwhileinFinlandNokiaistesting aphonethatusesaspecialpluginreaderforatinysmartcard.Siemensis pursuingadifferentapproach.49Sinceitisnotveryclearwhether it’sbesttodoeverythingwithasingledeviceSiemensisdevelopingdualslot phonesandEinsteinadeviceequippedwithasmartcardreaderandkeypadthat canbelinkedtothephoneviainfraredwirelesstechnology. 50Forthosewhowanttothoughitwillbepossibletoreceive almostallformsofelectroniccommunicationthroughasingledevicemost likelyathree-in-onephonethatservesasacordlessathomeacellphoneon theroadandanintercomatwork.Themobilephonewillbecomeincreasingly multifunctionalsaysBurghardtSchallenbergervicepresidentfortechnology andinnovationatSiemensInformationandConsumerProducts.
建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制必须要有配套改革在上层建筑领域中
所有制的核心和主要内容是
在市场经济条件下
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Oncetheexclusivedomainofexecutiveswithexpenseaccounts mobilephonesaresettobecomeoneofthecentraltechnologiesofthe21st century.46Withinafewyearsthemobilephonewillevolvefroma voice-onlydevicetoamulti-functionalcommunicatorcapableoftransmittingand receivingnotonlysoundbutvideostillimagesdataandtext.Awhole neweraofpersonalcommunicationisontheway.Thanksinpart tothegrowthofwirelessnetworksthetelephoneisconvergingwiththe personalcomputerandthetelevision.47Soonlight-weightphonesoutfitted withhighresolutionscreens--whichcanbeembeddedineverythingfrom wristwatchestopalm-heldunitswillbeconnectedtoseriesofloworbit satellitesenablingpeopletotalksendandreceiveE-mailortakepartin videoconferencesanytimeanywhere.Thesephonesmightalsoabsorbmanyof thekeyfunctionsofthedesktopcomputer.Mobiledevicesareexpectedtobe idealforsomeofthenewpersonalizedservicesthatarebecomingavailablevia theInternet.Thecommunicationsrevolutionisalreadytaking shapearoundtheglobe.InEuropemall-scaletrialsareunderwayusingmobile phonesforelectroniccommerce.Forexamplemostphonescontainasubscriber identificationmoduleSIMcardthatservesprimarilytoidentifyausertothe phonenetwork.SomemanufacturersplantoupgradetheSIMcardtoanall-in-one personalidentificationandcreditcard.Anotherapproachistoaddaslotto mobilephonesforasecondsmartcarddesignedspecificallyformobile ecommerce.48ThesecardscouldbeusedtomakepaymentsovertheInternet orremovedfromthephoneforuseinpointof-saleterminalstopayforthings likepublictransportationmovieticketsoraroundofdrinksatthebar. InFranceMotorolaiscurrentlytestingadualslotphone theStarTACDinatrialwithFranceTelecomwhileinFinlandNokiaistesting aphonethatusesaspecialpluginreaderforatinysmartcard.Siemensis pursuingadifferentapproach.49Sinceitisnotveryclearwhether it’sbesttodoeverythingwithasingledeviceSiemensisdevelopingdualslot phonesandEinsteinadeviceequippedwithasmartcardreaderandkeypadthat canbelinkedtothephoneviainfraredwirelesstechnology. 50Forthosewhowanttothoughitwillbepossibletoreceive almostallformsofelectroniccommunicationthroughasingledevicemost likelyathree-in-onephonethatservesasacordlessathomeacellphoneon theroadandanintercomatwork.Themobilephonewillbecomeincreasingly multifunctionalsaysBurghardtSchallenbergervicepresidentfortechnology andinnovationatSiemensInformationandConsumerProducts.
我国社会主义市场体系中的生产要素市场包括
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizethese paragraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineach numberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou inBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequate protectionofU.S.patentstrademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.economy$ 80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250000jobseveryyearaccordingto GaryHoffmananintellectualpropertyattorneyatDicksteinShapiro& MorininWashington.Thecomputerindustrylosesupwardsof$4billionof revenuesayeartoillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmoviesbooks andrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast$4billion annually.[B]Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformore than25%ofU.S.exportscomparedwithjust12%eightyearsagoprotection againstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBushAdministration’strade agenda.TheU.S.InternationalTradeCommissionthefederalagencythat dealswithunfair-tradecomplaintsbyAmericancompaniesishandlingarecord numberofcases38lastyearSaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:Conceptual propertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachineryasthehotbedoftrade disputes.[C]Thebattleiswidening--U.S.companiesfiled morethan5700intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3800in 1980--andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggestpatent-infringementcaseto dateEastmanKodakwasorderedlastOctobertopay$900millionfor infringingonSevenPolaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reaching copyrightcasebookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryinMarchwhena federalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinko’sGraphicsnationalchainof copyingstores$510000forillegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbooks tocollegestudents.[D]Althoughtheverdictissubjectto appealtheawardunderscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectual property.ThatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplytoasonglikeIfYou Don’tWantMyPeachesYou’dBetterStopShakingMyTreebutitactually encompassesthewholevastrangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue --andmanyofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney’sMickeyMouseto Upjohn’sformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotionpatentstrademarksand copyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthattheirownerswilldoalmost anythingtoprotect.[E]Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedon informationandtechnologyideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofa company’swealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatentedtrademarked andcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhytoday’scleverthiefdoesn’t robbanksmanyofwhicharebrokeanyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevin Costner’slatestfilmsellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulafor Merck’snewestpharmaceutical.That’swherethemoneyis.[F] Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotectiontointellectual property.Realizingthatsuchlaxnesswillexcludethemfrommuchworldtradeas wellashobblenativeindustriesnationseverywherearerevisinglawscovering patentscopyrightsandtradenames.MalaysiaEgyptChinaturkeyBraziland eventheSovietUnionhaveallrecentlyannouncedplanseithertoenactnewlaws orbeefupexistingsafeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupport foraproposedfree-tradepactMexicolastmonthrevealedplanstodoublethe lifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextendpatentprotectionforthe firsttimetosuchproductsaspharmaceuticalsandfood.[G] Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesignsmoviesandcomputer programs.Thebattleisgettinghotter--andmoreimportant.WhenJohnson &Johnsonintroducedanewfiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveral yearsagoexecutivesatMinnesotaMining&Manufacturingflewintoarage. Thetapewhichsetsfracturesfasterthanplasterwasremarkablysimilarin designandfunctiontoacastingtapedevelopedby3Mscientists.TheSt. Paul-basedcompanyquicklysuedchargingJ&Jwithviolatingfourofits patents.Lastmonthafederalcourtbacked3MandorderedJ&Jtopay$116 millionindamagesandinterest--thefourthlargestpatent-infringement judgmentinhistory.Order:
社会主义市场经济体制的微观基础是
社会主义社会保持总供给与总需求之间的大体平衡是指
建立健全现代产权制度有利于
社会主义经济体制是指
价格体系的内容包括
市场机制的核心是
市场经济是
党的十四大将我国经济体制改革的目标确立为
建立健全社会保障制度有利于
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