首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
To resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《填空》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthen
Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.
complete
determine
unite
solve
Itisridiculoustodisputeaboutsuchthings.
frightening
shocking
foolish
amusing
Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsin
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthen
Acompanyanditssellerareinthemiddleofalongdisputeov
functional resource manager
conflict solution expert
arbitrator
lawyer
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthen
ChinasaidthattalksscheduledforlaterthisweekinBaghd
promote
process
grow
distribute
Inviewofthelong-stangingbusinessrelationsuswewisht
Theyagreedto{{U}}settle{{/U}}thedisputebypeacefulm
solve
determine
untie
complete
Complaintprevailedandthiscompelledtheproducertores
on
for
at
in
Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsin
Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.
solve
determine
untie
complete
Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsin
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthen
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthen
Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.
solve
determine
untie
complete
Theyagreedtosettlethedisputebypeacefulmeans.
solve
determine
untie
complete
Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsin
Anothermeetingwillbeholdtofurtherdiscusshowtoresol
热门试题
更多
AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemofshopstewardsinmanyunionsshopstewardsbeingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411wordsWhyistheinterdependenceoftheUKeconomymentionedinparagraph1
[A]Bycontrastsomewhatmorethan25percentoftheearth’spopulationcanbefoundintheindustrializedsocieties.Theyleadmodernlives.Theyareproductsofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturymoldedbymechanizationandmasseducationbroughtupwithlingeringmemoriesoftheirowncountry’sagriculturalpast.Theyareineffectthepeopleofthepresent. [B]Theremaining2or3percentoftheworld’spopulationhoweverarenolongerpeopleofeitherthepastorthepresent.ForwithinthemaincentersoftechnologicalandculturalchangeinSantaMonicaCaliforniaandCambridgeMassachusettsinNewYorkandLondonandTokyoaremillionsofmenandwomenwhocanalreadybesaidtobelivingthewayoflifeofthefuture.Trend-makersoftenwithoutbeingawareofitlivetodayasmillionswilllivetomorrow.Andwhiletheyaccountforonlyafewpercentoftheglobalpopulationtodaytheyarealreadyfromaninternationalnationofthefutureinourmidst.Theyaretheadvancedagentsofmantheearliestcitizensoftheworldwidesuper-industrialsocietynowinthethroesofbirth. [C]ItisinfactnottoomuchtosaythatthepaceoflifedrawsalinethroughhumanitydividingusintocampstriggeringbittermisunderstandingbetweenparentandchildbetweenMadisonAvenueandMainStreetbetweenmenandwomenbetweenAmericanandEuropeanbetweenEastandWest. [D]WhatmakesthemdifferentfromtherestofmankindCertainlytheyarericherbettereducatedmoremobilethanthemajorityofthehumanrace.Theyalsolivelonger.Butwhatspecificallymarksthepeopleofthefutureisthefactthattheyarealreadycaughtupinanewstepped-uppaceoflife.They"livefaster"thanthepeoplearoundthem. [E]Theinhabitantsoftheeartharedividednotonlybyracenationreligionorideologybutalsoinasensebytheirpositionsintime.Examiningthepresentpopulationoftheglobewefindatinygroupwhostilllivehuntingandfood-foragingasmendidmillenniaago.Othersthevastmajorityofmankinddependnotonbear-huntingorberry-pickingbutonagriculture.Theyliveinmanyrespectsastheirancestorsdidcenturiesago.Thesetwogroupstakentogethercomposeperhaps70percentofalllivinghumanbeings.Theyarethepeopleofthepast. [F]Somepeoplearedeeplyattractedtothishighlyacceleratedpaceoflife--goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitaboutandfeelinganxioustenseoruncomfortablewhenthepaceslows.Theywantdesperatelytobe"wheretheactionis."JamesA.Wilsonhasfoundforexamplethattheattractionforafastpaceoflifeisoneofthehiddenmotivatingforcesbehindthemuch-publicized"brain-drain"--themassmigrationofEuropeanscientistsandengineerswhomigratedtotheU.S.andCanada.Heconcludedthatitwasnohighersalariesorbetterresearchfacilitiesalonebutalsothequickertempothatlurethem.Themigrantshewrites"arenotputoffbywhattheyindicatedasthe’fasterpace~ofNorthAmerica;ifanythingtheyappeartopreferthispacetoothers." [G]Thepaceoflifeisfrequentlycommentedonbyordinarypeople.Yetoddlyenoughithasreceivedalmostnoattentionfromeitherpsychologistsorsociologists.Thisisagapinginadequacyinthebehavioralsciencesforthepaceoflifeprofoundlyinfluencesbehaviorevokingstrongandcontrastingreactionsfromdifferentpeople.578words Notes:gaping是gape的现在分词gapevi.裂开nottoomuch一点也不多一点也不过分MadisonAvenue麦迪逊街纽约一条街道的名字美国主要广告公司公共关系事务所集中于此常用以表示此等公司之作风做法等MainStreet实利主义社会food-foraging觅食的millennium千年trend-maker=trend-setter领导新潮的人inthethroesof为……而苦干搏斗becaughtupin陷入goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitabout远远没有阻碍它的诞生brain-drain高科技人才流动从欧洲到美洲 44
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 11
IstheliterarycriticlikethepoetrespondingcreativelyintuitivelysubjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientistfollowingaseriesofdemonstrableverifiablestepsusinganobjectivemethodofanalysisForthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticismthesubjectivityversusobjectivityorcritic-as-artist-or-scientistdebatehasspecialsignificance;forherthequestionisnotonlyacademicbutpoliticalaswellandherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific--avalidverifiableintellectualmethodthatanyonewhethermanorwomancanperform--thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossiblebutmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinkingespeciallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitiveprivilegedasartthenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthinkandwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudiceswomenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalyticaltobeobjectiveortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artistwomenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense.Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggleinwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstakeandwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstandingacontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety.Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisasmasculineandanintuitiveapproachasfemininethetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticismshewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.418wordsAccordingtotheauthorthedebatehasspecialsignificanceforthewomanwhoisatheoreticianoffeministliterarycriticismbecause
IstheliterarycriticlikethepoetrespondingcreativelyintuitivelysubjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientistfollowingaseriesofdemonstrableverifiablestepsusinganobjectivemethodofanalysisForthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticismthesubjectivityversusobjectivityorcritic-as-artist-or-scientistdebatehasspecialsignificance;forherthequestionisnotonlyacademicbutpoliticalaswellandherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific--avalidverifiableintellectualmethodthatanyonewhethermanorwomancanperform--thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossiblebutmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinkingespeciallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitiveprivilegedasartthenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthinkandwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudiceswomenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalyticaltobeobjectiveortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artistwomenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense.Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggleinwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstakeandwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstandingacontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety.Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisasmasculineandanintuitiveapproachasfemininethetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticismshewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.418wordsItcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefineaspoliticalLine1Para.3thequestionsthat
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 10
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities--aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacksHispanicsandotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackofaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongressinapparentagreementhasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan＄500000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeedsomefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom＄77millionin1972to1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover＄3billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinessesthisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthemtoo.Firstminorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinanciallysincemostaresmallconcernsandunlikelargebusinessestheyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentinnewplantsstaffequipmentandthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Ifthereaftertheirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreducedsuchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresourcesandasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinordersorboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourseinmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearlyWhiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupasfrontswithWhitebackingratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.Thirdaminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecomingandremainingdependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstancesfiercecompetitionfromlargermoreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactortheymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.469wordsNotes:civilrightsactivists公民权利激进分子Hispanics西班牙后裔美国人sizableorders大额订单subcontract转包合同onformsfiledwiththegovernment在政府存档备案percentagegoals指标apportionment分配分派publicworks市政工程letup减弱缓和promisingasitis...这是as引导的让步状语从句表语倒装了patronage优惠concernn.公司andthelike以及诸如此类的cripplingfixedexpenses引起损失的固定开支theworldof大量的bid投标tocashinon...靠赚钱teamup一起工作合作fronts在此处意为摆门面complacency自满Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities--aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacksHispanicsandotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackofaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongressinapparentagreementhasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan＄500000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeedsomefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom＄77millionin1972to1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover＄3billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinessesthisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthemtoo.Firstminorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinanciallysincemostaresmallconcernsandunlikelargebusinessestheyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentinnewplantsstaffequipmentandthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Ifthereaftertheirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreducedsuchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresourcesandasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinordersorboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourseinmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearlyWhiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupasfrontswithWhitebackingratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.Thirdaminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecomingandremainingdependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstancesfiercecompetitionfromlargermoreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactortheymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.469wordsNotes:civilrightsactivists公民权利激进分子Hispanics西班牙后裔美国人sizableorders大额订单subcontract转包合同onformsfiledwiththegovernment在政府存档备案percentagegoals指标apportionment分配分派publicworks市政工程letup减弱缓和promisingasitis...这是as引导的让步状语从句表语倒装了patronage优惠concernn.公司andthelike以及诸如此类的cripplingfixedexpenses引起损失的固定开支theworldof大量的bid投标tocashinon...靠赚钱teamup一起工作合作fronts在此处意为摆门面complacency自满Thetextsuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 14
AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemofshopstewardsinmanyunionsshopstewardsbeingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411wordsThetitlewhichbestexpressestheideaofthetextwouldbe
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 6
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.Theburntchildfearsthefireisoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.377wordsNotes:pointup=emphasize强调突出touchupon触及creed信条教义inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovetextisthat
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 2
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities--aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacksHispanicsandotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackofaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongressinapparentagreementhasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan＄500000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeedsomefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom＄77millionin1972to1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover＄3billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinessesthisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthemtoo.Firstminorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinanciallysincemostaresmallconcernsandunlikelargebusinessestheyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentinnewplantsstaffequipmentandthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Ifthereaftertheirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreducedsuchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresourcesandasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinordersorboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourseinmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearlyWhiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupasfrontswithWhitebackingratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.Thirdaminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecomingandremainingdependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstancesfiercecompetitionfromlargermoreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactortheymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.469wordsNotes:civilrightsactivists公民权利激进分子Hispanics西班牙后裔美国人sizableorders大额订单subcontract转包合同onformsfiledwiththegovernment在政府存档备案percentagegoals指标apportionment分配分派publicworks市政工程letup减弱缓和promisingasitis...这是as引导的让步状语从句表语倒装了patronage优惠concernn.公司andthelike以及诸如此类的cripplingfixedexpenses引起损失的固定开支theworldof大量的bid投标tocashinon...靠赚钱teamup一起工作合作fronts在此处意为摆门面complacency自满Accordingtotheorganizationofthetextitmostlikelyappearedin
AmongthecelebratedpantheonofHollywoodroyaltyfewareaswell-respectedanduniversallyadoredasGregoryPeck.Formorethanfiftyyearshehasbeenamajorpresenceinthetheaterontelevisionandmostimportantlyonthebigscreen.41______AsGeneralMacArthurMelville’sCaptainAhabandAtticusFinchhehaspresentedaudienceswithcompellingstoriesofstrengthandmasculinity. EldredGregoryPeckwasbornonApril51916inLaJollaCalifornia.Bythetimehewassixhisparentshaddivorced.Foranumberofyearshelivedwithhismaternalgrandmotherbutattheageoftenwas’senttoSt.John’sMilitaryAcademyinLosAngeles.Thefouryearshespenttherewereimportantinforminghissenseofpersonaldiscipline.AftertheAcademyhereturnedtolivewithhisfatheralocalpharmacistandtoattendpublichighschool. 42______.Therehisabilitieswerealmostimmediatelyrecognized.In1942PeckmadehisdebutonBroadwaywithTheMorningStar.ThoughmanyofhisearlyplaysweredoomedtoshortrunsitseemedclearthatPeckwasdestinedforsomethingbigger.In1944that"somethingbigger"arrivedintheformofhisfirsttwo HollywoodrolesasVladimirinDaysofGloryandFatherFrancisChisholminTheKeysoftheKingdom. 43______.ThisearlysuccessprovidedhimtherareopportunityofworkingwiththebestdirectorsinHollywood.OverthenextthreeyearsheappearedinAlfredHitchcock’sSpellbound1945KingVidor’sDuelintheSun1946andEtiaKazan’sGentleman’sAgreement1947.DespiteconcernsoverpublicacceptanceofthelastoneameditationonAmericananti-SemitismitsurprisedmanybywinninganOscarforBestPictureandanominationforBestActor.ThissuccessseemednotonlyavalidationofPeck’sabilitiesasanartistbutofhismoralconvictionsaswell. 44______.Toughandcaringhewasthequintessentialmid-centuryAmericanman—thegood-lookingromanticleadacrossfromAudreyHepburnaswellastheruggedWorldWar1Ibombercommander.Formanytheactorandthecharactersheportrayedwereinseparable;theauthorityofhispassionateyetfirmdemeanorwasattractivetopost-warAmericanswholongedforamorestabletime. 45______. WhilecontinuingtoactontelevisionandinHollywoodthroughoutthe19805and19905Peckhasfocusedmuchofhisenergyonspendingtimewithhiswifechildrenandgrandchildren.ForPecklifeasafatherandasapublicfigurehavebeeninseparable;hewassimultaneouslyamajorvoiceagainsttheVietnamwarwhileremainingapatrioticsupporterofbissonwhowasfightingthere.IfyearsofbreathinglifeintocharacterssuchasCaptainKeithMalloryandGeneralMacArthurtaughthimanythingitwasthatlifeduringwartimewasprofoundlycomplex;andrarelybastherebeenatimefreefromwarorstruggle.InhismorethanfiftyfilmsPeckhascontinuallyattemptedtoinvestigatethesecomplexstrugglesandindoingsohascreatedalibraryofstoriesthatshedlightonhumanpossibilityandsocialreality. [A]Thoughanamiableandfun-lovingmanathomePeck’ssternpresencemadehimoneofthescreen’sgreatpatriarchs. [B]FormanyPeckisasymboloftheAmericanmanathisbest—apillarofmoralcourageandaconstantdefenderoftraditionalvalues. [C]Duringthe19605and19705PeckcontinuedtochallengehimselfasanactorappearinginthrillerswarfilmswesternsandinbisbestknownfilmToKillAMockingbird1962.BasedonthebookbyHarperLeeToKillAMockingbirdaddressesproblemsofracismandnoraljusticeinpersonalandpowerfulways.AsAtticnsFinchalawyerinasmallSoutherntownPeckcreatedacharacterthatremainsagreatexampleofanindividual’sstruggleforhumanitywithindeeplyinhumaneconditions.ItseemsclearhoweverthatthereasonforPeck’sconstantassertionthatToKillAMockingbirdishisbestandfavoritefihnwasthefilm’sattentiontothelivesofchildrenandtheimportanceoffamily. [D]GregoryPeckpassedawayonJune12th2003attheageof87. [E]WhileDaysofGlorywascoollyreceivedhisroleasthetaciturnScottishmissionaryinTheKeysoftheKingdomwasaresoundingtriumphandbroughthimhisfirstOs-carnominationforBestActor. [F]AftergraduatingPeckenrolledattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley.Greatlyinfluencedbyhisfather’sdesiresforhimtobeadoctorPeckbeganasapremedstudent.Bythetimehewasaseniorhoweverhefoundhisrealintereststobeinwritingandacting.Peeksoonrealizedthathehadanaturalgiftasbothanexpressiveactorandastoryteller.Aftergraduatingin1939hechangedhisnamefromE1dredtoGregoryandmovedtoNewYork. [G]At85Peckturnedhisattentionbacktowherehegothisstartthestage.Hetraveledthecountryvisitingsmallplayhousesandcollegesspeakingabouthislifeandexperiencesasafatheracelebrityandasanactor. 42
Electionsoftentellyoumoreaboutwhatpeopleareagainstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropeanonesthattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmembercountries.Theseelectionswidelytrumpetedastheworld’sbiggest-evermultination-aldemocraticvotewerefoughtforthemostpartas25separatenationalcontestswhichmakesittrickytopickoutmanycommonthemes.Butthestrongestareundoubtedlynegative.Europe’svotersareangryanddisillusioned—andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangeranddisillusioninthreemainways.Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.Theaverageoverallturnoutwasjustover45%bysomemarginthelowesteverrecordedforelectionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataveragedisguisessomebigvariations:Italyforexamplenotchedupover70%butSwedenmanagedonly37%.MostdepressingofallatleasttobelieversintheEuropeanprojectwastheextremelylowvoteinmanyofthenewmembercountriesfromcentralEu-ropewhichaccountedforthewholeofthefallinturnoutsince1999.InthebiggestPo-landonlyjustoverafifthoftheelectorateturnedouttovote.OnlyayearagocentralEuropeansvotedinlargenumberstojointheEUwhichtheydidonMay1st.ThattheyabstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelectionspointstoearlydisillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion—aswellastoawidespreadfeelingsharedintheoldmembercountriesaswellthattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnotmatter.DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorinthesecondwayinwhichvoterspro-testedwhichwasbysupportingaragbagofpopulistnationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.Theserangedfromthe16%whobackedtheUKIndependencePartywhosedeclaredpolicyistowithdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleadersseetheirmissionaswrecking’’theEuropeanParliamenttothe14%whovotedforSweden’sJunelistandthe27%ofPoleswhobackedoneoftwoanti-EUpartiestheLeagueofCatholicFamiliesandSelfdefence.TheseresultshavereturnedmanymoreEuroscepticsandtrouble-makerstotheparliament:onsomemeasuresoveraquarterofthenewMEPSwillbelongtotheawkwardsquad.ThatisnotabadthinghoweverforitwillmaketheparliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublicopinion.ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters’irethatisperhapsthemostimmediatelysignificant:thefactthatinmanyEUcountriesoldandnewtheychosetovoteheavilyagainsttheirowngovernments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewasstrongalmosteverywherebutitwasmostpronouncedinBritaintheCzechRepublicGermanyPolandandSweden.TheleadersofallthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountriesTonyBlairinBritainJacquesChiracinFranceGerhardSchroderinGermanyandSilvioBerlusconiinItalywereeachgivenabloodynosebytheirvoters.ThebigquestionnowishowEurope’sleadersshouldrespondtothis.ByasublimeorterriblecoincidencesoonaftertheelectionsandjustasTheEconomistwasgoingtopresstheyweregatheringinBrusselsforacrucialsummitatwhichtheyareduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfortheEUandtoselectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommission.GoingintothemeetingmostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedtopressaheadwiththisagendaregardlessoftheEuropeanelections—eventhoughtheatmosphereaftertheresultsmaymakeitharderforthemtostrikedeals.Itisimpliedintheconcludingparagraphthat______.
AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemofshopstewardsinmanyunionsshopstewardsbeingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411wordsDisagreementsarisebetweenunionsbecausesomeofthem
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 20
AmongthecelebratedpantheonofHollywoodroyaltyfewareaswell-respectedanduniversallyadoredasGregoryPeck.Formorethanfiftyyearshehasbeenamajorpresenceinthetheaterontelevisionandmostimportantlyonthebigscreen.41______AsGeneralMacArthurMelville’sCaptainAhabandAtticusFinchhehaspresentedaudienceswithcompellingstoriesofstrengthandmasculinity. EldredGregoryPeckwasbornonApril51916inLaJollaCalifornia.Bythetimehewassixhisparentshaddivorced.Foranumberofyearshelivedwithhismaternalgrandmotherbutattheageoftenwas’senttoSt.John’sMilitaryAcademyinLosAngeles.Thefouryearshespenttherewereimportantinforminghissenseofpersonaldiscipline.AftertheAcademyhereturnedtolivewithhisfatheralocalpharmacistandtoattendpublichighschool. 42______.Therehisabilitieswerealmostimmediatelyrecognized.In1942PeckmadehisdebutonBroadwaywithTheMorningStar.ThoughmanyofhisearlyplaysweredoomedtoshortrunsitseemedclearthatPeckwasdestinedforsomethingbigger.In1944that"somethingbigger"arrivedintheformofhisfirsttwo HollywoodrolesasVladimirinDaysofGloryandFatherFrancisChisholminTheKeysoftheKingdom. 43______.ThisearlysuccessprovidedhimtherareopportunityofworkingwiththebestdirectorsinHollywood.OverthenextthreeyearsheappearedinAlfredHitchcock’sSpellbound1945KingVidor’sDuelintheSun1946andEtiaKazan’sGentleman’sAgreement1947.DespiteconcernsoverpublicacceptanceofthelastoneameditationonAmericananti-SemitismitsurprisedmanybywinninganOscarforBestPictureandanominationforBestActor.ThissuccessseemednotonlyavalidationofPeck’sabilitiesasanartistbutofhismoralconvictionsaswell. 44______.Toughandcaringhewasthequintessentialmid-centuryAmericanman—thegood-lookingromanticleadacrossfromAudreyHepburnaswellastheruggedWorldWar1Ibombercommander.Formanytheactorandthecharactersheportrayedwereinseparable;theauthorityofhispassionateyetfirmdemeanorwasattractivetopost-warAmericanswholongedforamorestabletime. 45______. WhilecontinuingtoactontelevisionandinHollywoodthroughoutthe19805and19905Peckhasfocusedmuchofhisenergyonspendingtimewithhiswifechildrenandgrandchildren.ForPecklifeasafatherandasapublicfigurehavebeeninseparable;hewassimultaneouslyamajorvoiceagainsttheVietnamwarwhileremainingapatrioticsupporterofbissonwhowasfightingthere.IfyearsofbreathinglifeintocharacterssuchasCaptainKeithMalloryandGeneralMacArthurtaughthimanythingitwasthatlifeduringwartimewasprofoundlycomplex;andrarelybastherebeenatimefreefromwarorstruggle.InhismorethanfiftyfilmsPeckhascontinuallyattemptedtoinvestigatethesecomplexstrugglesandindoingsohascreatedalibraryofstoriesthatshedlightonhumanpossibilityandsocialreality. [A]Thoughanamiableandfun-lovingmanathomePeck’ssternpresencemadehimoneofthescreen’sgreatpatriarchs. [B]FormanyPeckisasymboloftheAmericanmanathisbest—apillarofmoralcourageandaconstantdefenderoftraditionalvalues. [C]Duringthe19605and19705PeckcontinuedtochallengehimselfasanactorappearinginthrillerswarfilmswesternsandinbisbestknownfilmToKillAMockingbird1962.BasedonthebookbyHarperLeeToKillAMockingbirdaddressesproblemsofracismandnoraljusticeinpersonalandpowerfulways.AsAtticnsFinchalawyerinasmallSoutherntownPeckcreatedacharacterthatremainsagreatexampleofanindividual’sstruggleforhumanitywithindeeplyinhumaneconditions.ItseemsclearhoweverthatthereasonforPeck’sconstantassertionthatToKillAMockingbirdishisbestandfavoritefihnwasthefilm’sattentiontothelivesofchildrenandtheimportanceoffamily. [D]GregoryPeckpassedawayonJune12th2003attheageof87. [E]WhileDaysofGlorywascoollyreceivedhisroleasthetaciturnScottishmissionaryinTheKeysoftheKingdomwasaresoundingtriumphandbroughthimhisfirstOs-carnominationforBestActor. [F]AftergraduatingPeckenrolledattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley.Greatlyinfluencedbyhisfather’sdesiresforhimtobeadoctorPeckbeganasapremedstudent.Bythetimehewasaseniorhoweverhefoundhisrealintereststobeinwritingandacting.Peeksoonrealizedthathehadanaturalgiftasbothanexpressiveactorandastoryteller.Aftergraduatingin1939hechangedhisnamefromE1dredtoGregoryandmovedtoNewYork. [G]At85Peckturnedhisattentionbacktowherehegothisstartthestage.Hetraveledthecountryvisitingsmallplayhousesandcollegesspeakingabouthislifeandexperiencesasafatheracelebrityandasanactor. 44
HenriMatisseoriginallytrainedasalawyerturningtoartwhilstrecoveringfromappendicitis.46InitiallyseducedbytheImpressionistsandinparticularbyCezanneMatissebroughttogetheracircleoflike-mindedartistswhobecameknownastheFauvestheBeastsaftertheirsensationalexhibitionof.1905.TheseearlypaintingsrevealedanintuitiveandexplosivecoloursensewhichwastobecomethedefiningfeatureofMatisse’slongcareer.47Believingarttobe’"somethinglikeagoodarmchairinwhichonerestsfromphysicalfatigue"hewasdedicatedtoproducingworkthatexpressedaharmonyclosetoamusicalcomposition.48TherearetwoversionsofLaDanseoriginallyproducedwithanotherenormouspanelentitledMusiqueforaRussiancollector.DancewasapopulartopicatthetimeasDiaghilevandtheRussianBallethadjustvisitedParis.49Despiteorbecauseofthesimplificationofcolourformandlinethefiguresappeartobefulloflife.Matissemadesculpturesdesignedsetsandcostumesandillustratedbooks.50Hewasalsoanimportantgraphicartistwhoinhisbed-riddenfinalyearsevolvedhisownmethodofarrangingcut-outpapershapes.Heisindisputablythegreatestdecorativeartistofthetwentiethcentury. 46
Electionsoftentellyoumoreaboutwhatpeopleareagainstthanwhattheyarefor.SoitiswiththeEuropeanonesthattookplacelastweekinall25EuropeanUnionmembercountries.Theseelectionswidelytrumpetedastheworld’sbiggest-evermultination-aldemocraticvotewerefoughtforthemostpartas25separatenationalcontestswhichmakesittrickytopickoutmanycommonthemes.Butthestrongestareundoubtedlynegative.Europe’svotersareangryanddisillusioned—andtheyhavedemonstratedtheirangeranddisillusioninthreemainways.Themostobviouswasbyabstaining.Theaverageoverallturnoutwasjustover45%bysomemarginthelowesteverrecordedforelectionstotheEuropeanParliament.Andthataveragedisguisessomebigvariations:Italyforexamplenotchedupover70%butSwedenmanagedonly37%.MostdepressingofallatleasttobelieversintheEuropeanprojectwastheextremelylowvoteinmanyofthenewmembercountriesfromcentralEu-ropewhichaccountedforthewholeofthefallinturnoutsince1999.InthebiggestPo-landonlyjustoverafifthoftheelectorateturnedouttovote.OnlyayearagocentralEuropeansvotedinlargenumberstojointheEUwhichtheydidonMay1st.ThattheyabstainedinsuchlargenumbersintheEuropeanelectionspointstoearlydisillusionwiththeEuropeanUnion—aswellastoawidespreadfeelingsharedintheoldmembercountriesaswellthattheEuropeanParliamentdoesnotmatter.DisillusionwithEuropewasalsoabigfactorinthesecondwayinwhichvoterspro-testedwhichwasbysupportingaragbagofpopulistnationalistandexplicitlyanti-EUparties.Theserangedfromthe16%whobackedtheUKIndependencePartywhosedeclaredpolicyistowithdrawfromtheEUandwhoseleadersseetheirmissionaswrecking’’theEuropeanParliamenttothe14%whovotedforSweden’sJunelistandthe27%ofPoleswhobackedoneoftwoanti-EUpartiestheLeagueofCatholicFamiliesandSelfdefence.TheseresultshavereturnedmanymoreEuroscepticsandtrouble-makerstotheparliament:onsomemeasuresoveraquarterofthenewMEPSwillbelongtotheawkwardsquad.ThatisnotabadthinghoweverforitwillmaketheparliamentmorerepresentativeofEuropeanpublicopinion.ButitisthethirdtargetofEuropeanvoters’irethatisperhapsthemostimmediatelysignificant:thefactthatinmanyEUcountriesoldandnewtheychosetovoteheavilyagainsttheirowngovernments.Thisanti-incumbentvotewasstrongalmosteverywherebutitwasmostpronouncedinBritaintheCzechRepublicGermanyPolandandSweden.TheleadersofallthefourbiggestEuropeanUnioncountriesTonyBlairinBritainJacquesChiracinFranceGerhardSchroderinGermanyandSilvioBerlusconiinItalywereeachgivenabloodynosebytheirvoters.ThebigquestionnowishowEurope’sleadersshouldrespondtothis.ByasublimeorterriblecoincidencesoonaftertheelectionsandjustasTheEconomistwasgoingtopresstheyweregatheringinBrusselsforacrucialsummitatwhichtheyareduetoagreeanewconstitutionaltreatyfortheEUandtoselectanewpresidentfortheEuropeanCommission.GoingintothemeetingmostEUheadsofgovernmentseemeddeterminedtopressaheadwiththisagendaregardlessoftheEuropeanelections—eventhoughtheatmosphereaftertheresultsmaymakeitharderforthemtostrikedeals.ItisimpliedinthetextthatthedepartureofEuroscepticsandtrouble-makersfromtheEuropeanParliament______.
Directions: Studythefollowingbarchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethebarchartand 2deducethepossiblereasonsforthefact. 3Makearelevantprediction. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 4
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 16
HenriMatisseoriginallytrainedasalawyerturningtoartwhilstrecoveringfromappendicitis.46InitiallyseducedbytheImpressionistsandinparticularbyCezanneMatissebroughttogetheracircleoflike-mindedartistswhobecameknownastheFauvestheBeastsaftertheirsensationalexhibitionof.1905.TheseearlypaintingsrevealedanintuitiveandexplosivecoloursensewhichwastobecomethedefiningfeatureofMatisse’slongcareer.47Believingarttobe’"somethinglikeagoodarmchairinwhichonerestsfromphysicalfatigue"hewasdedicatedtoproducingworkthatexpressedaharmonyclosetoamusicalcomposition.48TherearetwoversionsofLaDanseoriginallyproducedwithanotherenormouspanelentitledMusiqueforaRussiancollector.DancewasapopulartopicatthetimeasDiaghilevandtheRussianBallethadjustvisitedParis.49Despiteorbecauseofthesimplificationofcolourformandlinethefiguresappeartobefulloflife.Matissemadesculpturesdesignedsetsandcostumesandillustratedbooks.50Hewasalsoanimportantgraphicartistwhoinhisbed-riddenfinalyearsevolvedhisownmethodofarrangingcut-outpapershapes.Heisindisputablythegreatestdecorativeartistofthetwentiethcentury. 48
[A]Bycontrastsomewhatmorethan25percentoftheearth’spopulationcanbefoundintheindustrializedsocieties.Theyleadmodernlives.Theyareproductsofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturymoldedbymechanizationandmasseducationbroughtupwithlingeringmemoriesoftheirowncountry’sagriculturalpast.Theyareineffectthepeopleofthepresent. [B]Theremaining2or3percentoftheworld’spopulationhoweverarenolongerpeopleofeitherthepastorthepresent.ForwithinthemaincentersoftechnologicalandculturalchangeinSantaMonicaCaliforniaandCambridgeMassachusettsinNewYorkandLondonandTokyoaremillionsofmenandwomenwhocanalreadybesaidtobelivingthewayoflifeofthefuture.Trend-makersoftenwithoutbeingawareofitlivetodayasmillionswilllivetomorrow.Andwhiletheyaccountforonlyafewpercentoftheglobalpopulationtodaytheyarealreadyfromaninternationalnationofthefutureinourmidst.Theyaretheadvancedagentsofmantheearliestcitizensoftheworldwidesuper-industrialsocietynowinthethroesofbirth. [C]ItisinfactnottoomuchtosaythatthepaceoflifedrawsalinethroughhumanitydividingusintocampstriggeringbittermisunderstandingbetweenparentandchildbetweenMadisonAvenueandMainStreetbetweenmenandwomenbetweenAmericanandEuropeanbetweenEastandWest. [D]WhatmakesthemdifferentfromtherestofmankindCertainlytheyarericherbettereducatedmoremobilethanthemajorityofthehumanrace.Theyalsolivelonger.Butwhatspecificallymarksthepeopleofthefutureisthefactthattheyarealreadycaughtupinanewstepped-uppaceoflife.They"livefaster"thanthepeoplearoundthem. [E]Theinhabitantsoftheeartharedividednotonlybyracenationreligionorideologybutalsoinasensebytheirpositionsintime.Examiningthepresentpopulationoftheglobewefindatinygroupwhostilllivehuntingandfood-foragingasmendidmillenniaago.Othersthevastmajorityofmankinddependnotonbear-huntingorberry-pickingbutonagriculture.Theyliveinmanyrespectsastheirancestorsdidcenturiesago.Thesetwogroupstakentogethercomposeperhaps70percentofalllivinghumanbeings.Theyarethepeopleofthepast. [F]Somepeoplearedeeplyattractedtothishighlyacceleratedpaceoflife--goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitaboutandfeelinganxioustenseoruncomfortablewhenthepaceslows.Theywantdesperatelytobe"wheretheactionis."JamesA.Wilsonhasfoundforexamplethattheattractionforafastpaceoflifeisoneofthehiddenmotivatingforcesbehindthemuch-publicized"brain-drain"--themassmigrationofEuropeanscientistsandengineerswhomigratedtotheU.S.andCanada.Heconcludedthatitwasnohighersalariesorbetterresearchfacilitiesalonebutalsothequickertempothatlurethem.Themigrantshewrites"arenotputoffbywhattheyindicatedasthe’fasterpace~ofNorthAmerica;ifanythingtheyappeartopreferthispacetoothers." [G]Thepaceoflifeisfrequentlycommentedonbyordinarypeople.Yetoddlyenoughithasreceivedalmostnoattentionfromeitherpsychologistsorsociologists.Thisisagapinginadequacyinthebehavioralsciencesforthepaceoflifeprofoundlyinfluencesbehaviorevokingstrongandcontrastingreactionsfromdifferentpeople.578words Notes:gaping是gape的现在分词gapevi.裂开nottoomuch一点也不多一点也不过分MadisonAvenue麦迪逊街纽约一条街道的名字美国主要广告公司公共关系事务所集中于此常用以表示此等公司之作风做法等MainStreet实利主义社会food-foraging觅食的millennium千年trend-maker=trend-setter领导新潮的人inthethroesof为……而苦干搏斗becaughtupin陷入goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitabout远远没有阻碍它的诞生brain-drain高科技人才流动从欧洲到美洲 42
HenriMatisseoriginallytrainedasalawyerturningtoartwhilstrecoveringfromappendicitis.46InitiallyseducedbytheImpressionistsandinparticularbyCezanneMatissebroughttogetheracircleoflike-mindedartistswhobecameknownastheFauvestheBeastsaftertheirsensationalexhibitionof.1905.TheseearlypaintingsrevealedanintuitiveandexplosivecoloursensewhichwastobecomethedefiningfeatureofMatisse’slongcareer.47Believingarttobe’"somethinglikeagoodarmchairinwhichonerestsfromphysicalfatigue"hewasdedicatedtoproducingworkthatexpressedaharmonyclosetoamusicalcomposition.48TherearetwoversionsofLaDanseoriginallyproducedwithanotherenormouspanelentitledMusiqueforaRussiancollector.DancewasapopulartopicatthetimeasDiaghilevandtheRussianBallethadjustvisitedParis.49Despiteorbecauseofthesimplificationofcolourformandlinethefiguresappeartobefulloflife.Matissemadesculpturesdesignedsetsandcostumesandillustratedbooks.50Hewasalsoanimportantgraphicartistwhoinhisbed-riddenfinalyearsevolvedhisownmethodofarrangingcut-outpapershapes.Heisindisputablythegreatestdecorativeartistofthetwentiethcentury. 50
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 18
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.Theburntchildfearsthefireisoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.377wordsNotes:pointup=emphasize强调突出touchupon触及creed信条教义inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗Astatementnotmadeorimpliedinthetextisthat
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 8
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号