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__指出：“依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。”因此，治国只能靠法治，不能靠德治。
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依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的
基本方略
基本国策
基本原则
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略法治是治国理政的基本方式
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方式
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本途径
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的法治是治国理政的
基本方略基本途径
基本方略基本方式
基本要求基本方略
基本途径基本方略
中共大提出依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
为什么说全面依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的
基本方针
基本政策
基本策略
基本方略
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的法治是治国理政的
基本要求 基本方略
基本方略 基本方式
基本途径 基本方略
基本方略 基本途径
依法治国是社会主义法治的核心内容是我们党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
党的十五大报告强调依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略请简述我国依法治国的特色及其重要意义
简述依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
简答党的十五大报告强调依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略请简述我国依法治国的特色及其重要意义
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
依法治国是我们党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
发展社会主义民主政治最根本的是要把坚持党的领导人民当家做主和依法治国有机统一起来三者的关系描述正确的
党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
人民当家作主是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
人民当家作主指社会主义民主政治的本质要求
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略依法治国的核心是
有法可依
有法必依
违法必究
依宪治国
依法治国的主要内容是
党领导人民实行依法治国
依法治国要保证对所有国家事务、经济文化事业和社会事务的管理工作依法进行
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
依法治国所依的法，最重要的是__和法律
依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的
方针政策
基本方略
路线措施
方式方法
党领导人民治理国家的基本方略
依法行政
依法治国
共同富裕
依法治国
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费雪方程式强调的是货币交易手段功能而剑桥方程式则重视货币作为一种的功能
In1784fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStatesGeorgeWashington52wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw—havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves. That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecentlymanyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.MoresignificantlytheyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong--andyetmostdidlittletofightit. Morethananythingthehistorianssaythefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslaverytheyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate. ForonethingtheSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas"likehavingalargebankaccount"saysWiencekauthorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashingtonHisSlavesandtheCreationofAmerica.’ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe"peculiarinstitution"includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation. Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.OnceinofficeJeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13statesincludingthreeslavestates. StillJeffersonfreedHemings’schildren—thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarovercamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.OnlyadecadeearliersuchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia. Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat
Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationNBAlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseasonhoweverhewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyearsandmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes. Thetrendinsportsthoughmaybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsagotoday’speople—especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations--apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthegeneralpopulationto-dayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevelwe’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango"saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayerstheirin-creaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld. Growthwhichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20demandscaloriesandnutrients—notablyprotein—tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcenturyunder-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverageincreasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20yearsapatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionaverageheight—5’9"formen5’4"forwomen—hasn’treallychangedsince1960. Geneticallyspeakingthereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirthlargerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcan-noteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs."Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism"saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity. Geneticmaximumscanchangebutdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.GordonsenioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatickMass.ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthatunlikethoseforbasketballthelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.AndifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipmentGordonsaysthatbyandlarge"youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident." Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree
Directions: Inthefollowingtext.somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45.choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices.whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thetimeforsharpeningpencilsarrangingyourdeskanddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsitstanduporliedowntowrite.41______ Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenextbutdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounowworkitintothedraft.42______Grammarpunctuationandspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors. 43______Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatwayandifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhereyouwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside. Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessoryoucantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyour’writing.44______Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions. Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaperyoucandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind"wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.45______ Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes—andthenagainworkingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape. [A]Tomakerevisingeasierleavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoucaneasilyaddwordssentencesandcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper. [B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaperpayparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlastafteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression. [C]It’sworthrememberinghoweverthatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrificitwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems. [D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwritejustsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesisyoucanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade. [E]AlthoughthisisaninterestingissueithasnothingtodowiththethesiswhichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.InsteadofincludingthatparagraphsheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P"policy"heenforces. [F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin"A&P"thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies. [G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayyouwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound. 43
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Directions: Inthefollowingtext.somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45.choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices.whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thetimeforsharpeningpencilsarrangingyourdeskanddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsitstanduporliedowntowrite.41______ Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenextbutdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounowworkitintothedraft.42______Grammarpunctuationandspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors. 43______Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatwayandifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhereyouwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside. Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessoryoucantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyour’writing.44______Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions. Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaperyoucandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind"wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.45______ Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes—andthenagainworkingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape. [A]Tomakerevisingeasierleavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoucaneasilyaddwordssentencesandcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper. [B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaperpayparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlastafteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression. [C]It’sworthrememberinghoweverthatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrificitwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems. [D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwritejustsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesisyoucanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade. [E]AlthoughthisisaninterestingissueithasnothingtodowiththethesiswhichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.InsteadofincludingthatparagraphsheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P"policy"heenforces. [F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin"A&P"thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies. [G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayyouwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound. 45
In1784fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStatesGeorgeWashington52wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw—havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves. That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecentlymanyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.MoresignificantlytheyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong--andyetmostdidlittletofightit. Morethananythingthehistorianssaythefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslaverytheyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate. ForonethingtheSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas"likehavingalargebankaccount"saysWiencekauthorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashingtonHisSlavesandtheCreationofAmerica.’ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe"peculiarinstitution"includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation. Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.OnceinofficeJeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13statesincludingthreeslavestates. StillJeffersonfreedHemings’schildren—thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarovercamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.OnlyadecadeearliersuchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext
Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationNBAlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseasonhoweverhewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyearsandmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes. Thetrendinsportsthoughmaybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsagotoday’speople—especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations--apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthegeneralpopulationto-dayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevelwe’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango"saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayerstheirin-creaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld. Growthwhichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20demandscaloriesandnutrients—notablyprotein—tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcenturyunder-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverageincreasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20yearsapatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionaverageheight—5’9"formen5’4"forwomen—hasn’treallychangedsince1960. Geneticallyspeakingthereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirthlargerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcan-noteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs."Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism"saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity. Geneticmaximumscanchangebutdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.GordonsenioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatickMass.ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthatunlikethoseforbasketballthelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.AndifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipmentGordonsaysthatbyandlarge"youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident." WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto
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Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlifewomenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory."Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen"accordingtoDr.YehudachiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital. Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponsecausingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudieswhenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovariesthefemalereproductiveorgansremovedtheirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales. Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith"saysDr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s"sheobserves"it’sjust.thatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner." Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes."Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareex-posedtocombatstress.Menareexposedlomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituationsbyunfortunatelyparentsorotherfamilymembersandtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating." AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoasonbutwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschoolandgetaheadanddobetter."Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother."It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenagerhaveajobpaytherentpaythecarpaymentandpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck." NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligationswithfewbreaksandfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction. AccordingtoParagraph4thestresswomenconfronttendstobe
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Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlifewomenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory."Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen"accordingtoDr.YehudachiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital. Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponsecausingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudieswhenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovariesthefemalereproductiveorgansremovedtheirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales. Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased"opportunities"forstress."It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith"saysDr.Yehuda."Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s"sheobserves"it’sjust.thatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner." Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes."Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareex-posedtocombatstress.Menareexposedlomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituationsbyunfortunatelyparentsorotherfamilymembersandtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating." AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoasonbutwasdeterminedtofinishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschoolandgetaheadanddobetter."Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother."It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenagerhaveajobpaytherentpaythecarpaymentandpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck." NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligationswithfewbreaksandfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
已知某完全竞争成本不变行业中的单个厂商的长期总成本函数LTC=Q3－12Q2＋40Q.试求1当市场商品价格为P=100时厂商实现均衡时的产量平均成本和利润2该行业长期均衡时的价格和单个厂商的产量
网络银行
Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationNBAlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseasonhoweverhewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyearsandmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes. Thetrendinsportsthoughmaybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsagotoday’speople—especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations--apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthegeneralpopulationto-dayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevelwe’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango"saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayerstheirin-creaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld. Growthwhichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20demandscaloriesandnutrients—notablyprotein—tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcenturyunder-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverageincreasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20yearsapatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionaverageheight—5’9"formen5’4"forwomen—hasn’treallychangedsince1960. Geneticallyspeakingthereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirthlargerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcan-noteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs."Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism"saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity. Geneticmaximumscanchangebutdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.GordonsenioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatickMass.ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthatunlikethoseforbasketballthelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.AndifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipmentGordonsaysthatbyandlarge"youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident." Thetextintendstotellusthat
生产可能性曲线向外凸出的原因是
Directions: Inthefollowingtext.somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45.choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices.whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thetimeforsharpeningpencilsarrangingyourdeskanddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsitstanduporliedowntowrite.41______ Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenextbutdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounowworkitintothedraft.42______Grammarpunctuationandspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors. 43______Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatwayandifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhereyouwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside. Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessoryoucantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyour’writing.44______Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions. Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaperyoucandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind"wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.45______ Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes—andthenagainworkingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape. [A]Tomakerevisingeasierleavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoucaneasilyaddwordssentencesandcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper. [B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaperpayparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlastafteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression. [C]It’sworthrememberinghoweverthatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrificitwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems. [D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwritejustsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesisyoucanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade. [E]AlthoughthisisaninterestingissueithasnothingtodowiththethesiswhichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.InsteadofincludingthatparagraphsheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P"policy"heenforces. [F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin"A&P"thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies. [G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayyouwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound. 41
PartC InhisautobiographyDarwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconciselybut46hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentenceandthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.HedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwitsuchasdistinguishedHuxley.47Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimitedforwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemorytoohedescribedasextensivebuthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasifthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.48Ontheotherhandhedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthatwhilehewasagoodobserverhehadnopowerofreasoning.Thishethoughtcouldnotbetruebecausethe"Originofspecies"isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheendandhasconvincedmanyablemen.NOonehesubmitscouldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat"IhaveafairshareofinventionandofcommonsenseorjudgmentsuchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthavebutnotIbelieveinanyhigherdegree."49Headdshumblythatperhapshewas"superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattentionandinobservingthemcarefully." Writinginthelastyearofhislifeheexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerlytoopictureshadgivenhimconsiderableandmusicverygreatdelight.In1881howeverhesaid:"NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic."50Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappinessbutmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter. Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimitedforwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics
PartC InhisautobiographyDarwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconciselybut46hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentenceandthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.HedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwitsuchasdistinguishedHuxley.47Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimitedforwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemorytoohedescribedasextensivebuthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasifthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.48Ontheotherhandhedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthatwhilehewasagoodobserverhehadnopowerofreasoning.Thishethoughtcouldnotbetruebecausethe"Originofspecies"isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheendandhasconvincedmanyablemen.NOonehesubmitscouldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat"IhaveafairshareofinventionandofcommonsenseorjudgmentsuchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthavebutnotIbelieveinanyhigherdegree."49Headdshumblythatperhapshewas"superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattentionandinobservingthemcarefully." Writinginthelastyearofhislifeheexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerlytoopictureshadgivenhimconsiderableandmusicverygreatdelight.In1881howeverhesaid:"NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic."50Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappinessbutmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter. Headdshumblythatperhapshewassuperiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattentionandinobservingthemcarefully.
Directions: YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottore-turntoBobyourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto 1makeanapologyand 2suggestasolution. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress.10points
货币需求的利率弹性表示
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceivedtheeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisherandresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal. Nolonger.TheInternet—andpressurefromfundingagencieswhoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit—ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOECDhasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.ThereportbyJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECDmakesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohavesofarmadehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathasuntilnowbeenakeyelementofscientificendeavor. Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdependsinpartuponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmericathecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientificTechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16000journals. Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreportsome75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdealwhereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishingtypicallysup-portedbyaskingtheauthororhisemployertopayforthepapertobepublished:Finallythereareopen-accessarchiveswhereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethreesuchasdelayedopen-accesswhere.journalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonthsbeforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocessatleastforthepublicationofpapers. WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceivedtheeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisherandresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal. Nolonger.TheInternet—andpressurefromfundingagencieswhoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit—ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOECDhasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.ThereportbyJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECDmakesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohavesofarmadehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathasuntilnowbeenakeyelementofscientificendeavor. Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdependsinpartuponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmericathecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientificTechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16000journals. Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreportsome75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdealwhereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishingtypicallysup-portedbyaskingtheauthororhisemployertopayforthepapertobepublished:Finallythereareopen-accessarchiveswhereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethreesuchasdelayedopen-accesswhere.journalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonthsbeforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocessatleastforthepublicationofpapers. Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodeltheauthorofapaperisrequiredto
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