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Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1) give a great deal of information about us. ...
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Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
clothes
clothing
wearing
appearances
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
grow
favour
keep
prefer
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
with
in
by
of
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
never
neither
and
or
offi
c
ial
medi
c
ine
pronun
c
iation
physi
c
ist
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
annoyingly
naively
appealingly
appallingly
A.second B.college C.physics D.physicist
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
clothes
clothing
wearing
appearances
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
never
also
once
seldom
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
with
in
by
of
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehairandfacial1giveagr
never
neither
and
or
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
sociable
social
solemn
sober
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
dissimilar
different
similiar
same
根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词每空一词Doyouknowanythingaboutfashio
单项选择题Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwordstherearefour
se
c
ond
c
ollege
physi
c
s
physi
c
ist
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
features
appearance
aspects
looks
A．official B．medicine C．pronunciation D．physicist
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
labour
teenagers
youngsters
youth
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
clothes
clothing
wearing
appearances
Clothesdecorationsphysiquehair andfacia
convert
transform
alter
vary
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Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirproduct’smanifestadvantages.Furthermoretheadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasonshowever.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudiesoneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaireoftheuniversityofCaliforniaconstructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburgercarrotsbreadbakingpowdercannedpeachesandpotatoeswiththebrandsoramountsspecified.Theseventhiteminfifthplaceonbothlistsread1lb.MaxwellHouseCoffeeononelistandNestleInstantCoffeeontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachoneinagroupoffiftywomenandtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribeasfarastheycouldthekindofwomenpersonalityandcharacterwhowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhandonlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewifewhohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlistaslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstant-coffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.Whichofthefollwingstatementsistrueabouttheresultofthetest
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 3
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.
GeorgeBernardShaw1856—1950wasborninDublinIreland.Attheageof14aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolShawwasputintoajobasclerkinalandagent’soffice.At20hewenttoLondonwhereheremainedjoblessfor9yearsdevotingmuchtimetoself-education.MeantimeShawtookanactivepartinthesocialistmovement.AcontemporaryofShaw’sthuswroteofhim:IusedtobeadailyfrequenteroftheBritishMuseumReadingRoom.Evenmoreassiduousinhisattendancewasayoungman....Mycuriositywaspiquedbytheoddconjunctionofhissubjectsofresearch.Dayafterdayforweekshehadbeforehimtwobooks—KarlMarx’s’DasKapital’inFrenchandanorchestralscore管弦乐乐谱of’TristanandIsolde’.ThoughShawadmittedMarx’sgreatinfluenceonhimhefailedtograspthenecessityofarevolutionaryreconstructionoftheworld.AstronginfluencewasexercisedonShawbytheFabiansocietytheEnglishreformistorganization.IntheearlyperiodofhisliterarycareerShawwrotesomenovelsAnUnsocialSocialistandothersinwhichhedevelopedthetraditionsofcriticalrealismbitterlycriticizingthestupiditysnobbishnessandpettytyrannyofthemiddleclass.IntheninetiesShawturnedtothetheatrefirstworkingasadramaticcriticthenwritingplaysforthestage.Hisroleinthedevelopmentofdramaturgyisverygreat.Shawwasanenemyofartforart’ssake.Hewroteforart’ssakeIwillnotfacethetoilofwritingasentence.Heusedthestagetocriticizetheevilsofcapitalism.Hewrote51playsintotaltheimportantonesincludingWidower’sHousesSaintJoanandTheAppleCart.InhisplaysShawlaidbarethegrossinjusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeoissociety.Thisheachievednotsomuchbythestructuresofplotsinhisplaysasbythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharacters.HisexposureofcapitalistsocietyisverysignificantanditplacesShawamongthemostimportantrepresentativesofcriticalrealisminmodernEnglishliterature.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect
InrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreasingawarenessoftheinadequaciesofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStates.Costsarestaggeringbothforthetaxpayersandthelitigants—andthelitigantsorpartieshavetowaitsometimesmanyyearsbeforehavingtheirdayincourt.Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeconcerningmethodsofamelioratingthesituationbutasinmostbranchesofgovernmentchangescomeslowly.Onesuggestionthathasbeenmadeinordertomaximizetheefficiencyofthesystemistoallowdistrictsthathaveanoverabundanceofpendingcasestoborrowjudgesfromotherdistrictsthatdonothavesuchabacklog.Anothersuggestionistousepretrialconferencesinwhichthejudgemeetsinhischamberswiththelitigantsandtheirattorneysinordertonarrowtheissueslimitthewitnessesandprovideforamoreorderlytrial.Thetheorybehindpretrialconferencesisthatjudgeswillspendleastimeoneachcaseandpartieswillmorereadilysettlebeforetrialwhentheyrealizetheadequacyoftheirclaimsandtheiropponents’evidence.Unfortunatelyatleastonestudyhasshownthatpretrialconferencesactuallyusemorejudicialtimethantheysaverarelyresultinpretrialsettlementsandactuallyresultinhigherdamagesettlements.Manystateshavenowestablishedanothermethodsmall-claimscourtsinwhichcasesoversmallsumsofmoneycanbedisposedofwithconsiderabledispatch.Suchproceedingscostthelitigantsalmostnothing.InCaliforniaforexamplethepartiesmustappearbeforethejudgewithouttheassistanceofcounsel.Theproceedingsarequiteinformalandthereisnopleading—thelitigantsneedtomakeonlyaone-sentencestatementoftheirclaim.Bygoingtothistypeofcourttheplaintiffwaivesanyrighttoajurytrialandtherighttoappealthedecision.Incomingyearswecanexpecttoseemoreandmoreinnovationsinthecontinuingefforttoremedyasituationwhichmustberemediedifthecitizenswhohavevalidclaimsaregoingtobeabletohavetheirdayincourt.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage
InaninterviewlastmonthFrankChurchchairmanoftheSenatecommitteethatisinvestigatingtheCIAissuedanobliquebutimpassionedwarningthatthetechnologyofeavesdroppinghadbecomesohighlydevelopedthatAmericansmightsoonbeleftwithnoplacetohide.Thatdaymayhavearrived.Newsweekhaslearnedthatthecountry’smostsecretintelligenceoperationtheNationalSecurityAgencyalreadypossessesthecomputerizedequipmenttomonitornearlyalloverseastelephonecallsandmostdomesticandinternationalprintedmessages.Theagency’sdevicesmonitorthousandsoftelephonecircuitscablelinesandthemicrowavetransmissonsthatcarryanincreasingshareofbothspokenandwrittencommunications.Computersareprogramedtowatchfortriggerwordsorphrasesindicatingthatamessagemightinterestintelligenceanalysiswhenthetriggerispulledentiremessagesaretape-recordedorprintedout.Thatkindofeavesdroppingishoweverrelativelysimplecomparedwiththebreakthroughsthatlieaheadinthefieldofsnoopery.Alreadyitistechnicallyfeasibletobuganelectrictypewriterbypickingupitsfeebleelectronicemissionsfromaremotelocationandthentranslatingthemintowords.Andsomescientistsbelievethatitmaybepossibleinthefutureforremoteelectronicequipmenttointerceptandreadhumanbrainwaves.Wheresuchcapabilitiesexistsotoodoesthepotentialforabuse.Itistheoldstoryoftechnologyrushingforwardwithsomenewwonderbeforethemanwhosupposedlycontrolthemachineshavefigureouthowtopreventthemachinesfromcontrollingthem.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage
WiththerapidgrowthofChina’seconomyinrecentyearsChina’sforeigntradehasbegunanumberofnewpragmaticandflexiblepracticesinforeigntradepolicyopendoorpolicyandforeigntradesystem. 46InthefirstplaceChina’sforeigntradepolicyiscoupledwithChina’sdomesticeconomicreformprogram.47ImportpolicyisaimedatacquiringcapitalthatembodiesthemoderntechnologyneededtodevelopChina’seconomy.48China’sexportcapabilityisexpandingduetotheimprovementoftheimportationofforeigncapitaltechnologyandmanagementskills.AccordingtothefiguresissuedbyChina’sMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTradeMOFERTthetotalvalueofimportsandexportsisincreasingsteadily. NexttherapidgrowthofChina’seconomyneeds"OpenDoorPolicy".ThekeytothispolicyistoopenChinatoinflowsofforeigntechnologyandforeigninvestment.TowardthisendtheChineseestablished"specialeconomiczones"in1979wherespecialincentivesarebeingusedtoattractforeigncapitalandtechnology.FoursuchzonesweresetupthreeinGuangdongProvinceandoneinFujianProvince.49Withtheestablishmentoffourspecialeconomiczones"economicandtechnicaldevelopmentzones"weresetupin14coastalcitiesin1980andasthenextsteptheChinesehaveannouncedthattheywillopenupseveralriverdeltaregionsincludingtheChangjiangRiverdeltaandthePearlRiverdelta. ThirdlyChina’sforeigntradesystemhasundergonesignificantchangesinthelastfewyears.AlthoughforeigntradeisstillcarriedoutbytheForeignTradeCorporationFTCsupervisedbytheMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTradeChina’sindustrialdepartmentsandprovincialandlocalenterpriseshavetakenamoreactiveroleinChina’sforeigntrade.Manyoftheseorganizationshaveestablishedimportandexportcorporationsoftheirownwiththeauthoritytoconducttechnicalandcommercialnegotiationswithforeignfirms.Industrialcorporationsareresponsiblefortheirownprofitsandlosses.Certainplantsandfactoriesarealsopermittedtohavemorecontactwithforeignfirmsandauthoritytonegotiatesalescontractsbythemselves. 50ThedecentralizatoinofChina’sforeigntradehasbenefitedforeigntradeorganizationsatdifferentlevelscitiesprovincesandautonomousregionswheretheforeigntradehasthereforebeenbetterhandled. ImportpolicyisaimedatacquiringcapitalthatembodiesthemoderntechnologyneededtodevelopChina’seconomy
41__________.Themysteryinvolvesachangeintheatmoshpere—aholeorthinningoftheozoneintheatmosphereoverAntarctica.Scientistswerenotsurewhatwascausingit. 42__________.Itisfoundbothintheairwebreatheandintheupperatmosphere.Neartheearthozoneintheairisadangertolife.Itisapollutant.Butozonefound10kilometersto50kilometersupintheatmosphereprotectslifeonearth.Ozoneformsintheatmospherethroughtheactionofsolarradiation.Onceformedtheozoneblocksharmfulradiationfromreachingtheearth.Scientistssayadecreaseinozoneandanincreaseintheharmfulradiationwillcausemanymorecasesofskincancerandwillharmcropsanimalsandfish. 43__________. Chlorineisreleasedintotheairfromthechlorofluorocarbons—orCFCs—usedinplasticairconditionersandspraycans.TheuseofCFCshasgreatlyincreasedworldwidesince1960andiscontinuingtoincrease.Thedestructionoftheozoneintheatmospherealsohasincreased. Aninternationaleffortisbeingmadetohaltthelossofatmosphericozone.Butmanyexpertsfeartheeffortwillnotproduceresultsfastenoughtopreventharmtolifeonearth.Thirty-onenationsnegotiatedatreatylastyear1987callingforareductionintheworldwideproductionofchlorofluorocarbons.Itwaspraisedatthetimeasamajorstepinhaltingfurtherdestructionoftheozone.CutsinthepresentproductionofCFCswillbegininthemid-1990s. 44__________. Harmfulchemicalstakefrom7to10yearstoriseupintotheatmosphere.DamagefromtheincreaseuseofCFCsinthispastdecadestillhasnotbeenfelt.Governmentscientistssaymorethantwotimesthemountofthesegaseswillbeintheatmospherebeforethelevelsstoprising. 45__________.Scientistspointoutamoleculeofchlorineremainsintheatmosphereforaslongas100years.Duringthattimeitdestroystensofthousandsofozonemolecules. [A]WhyhastheozoneproblemdevelopedNooneknowsforsure.Butscientistssaytheevidenceisverystrongthatthechlorineinchlorofluorocarbons含氯氟烃iscausingmuchoftheproblem. [B]Almost30yearsafterscientistsdiscoveredthatcommonindustrialgasesweredestroyingEarth’sprotectiveozonelayersatellitereadingsandgroundobservationsshowforthefirsttimethatthedangerousrateofozonelossisfinallyslowing. [C]Ozoneisathree-atomformofoxygengas. [D]Therehavebeensomenewdevelopmentsinacontinuingmysterywehavereportedaboutmanytimes. [E]Scientistsalsosaydamagetoozonewillcontinuebecauseofthelonglifeofthechemicalgasesreleasedintotheatmosphere. [F]TheozoneproblemcausedbyCFCswasfirstnoticedasearlyasthe1960s. [G]Howevermostscientistsnowagreedestructionoftheozonewillcontinuefordecades.Theysaythiswillhappeneventhoughindustriesandgovernmentsdotheirbesttocontrolthedamage. 41
WiththerapidgrowthofChina’seconomyinrecentyearsChina’sforeigntradehasbegunanumberofnewpragmaticandflexiblepracticesinforeigntradepolicyopendoorpolicyandforeigntradesystem. 46InthefirstplaceChina’sforeigntradepolicyiscoupledwithChina’sdomesticeconomicreformprogram.47ImportpolicyisaimedatacquiringcapitalthatembodiesthemoderntechnologyneededtodevelopChina’seconomy.48China’sexportcapabilityisexpandingduetotheimprovementoftheimportationofforeigncapitaltechnologyandmanagementskills.AccordingtothefiguresissuedbyChina’sMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTradeMOFERTthetotalvalueofimportsandexportsisincreasingsteadily. NexttherapidgrowthofChina’seconomyneeds"OpenDoorPolicy".ThekeytothispolicyistoopenChinatoinflowsofforeigntechnologyandforeigninvestment.TowardthisendtheChineseestablished"specialeconomiczones"in1979wherespecialincentivesarebeingusedtoattractforeigncapitalandtechnology.FoursuchzonesweresetupthreeinGuangdongProvinceandoneinFujianProvince.49Withtheestablishmentoffourspecialeconomiczones"economicandtechnicaldevelopmentzones"weresetupin14coastalcitiesin1980andasthenextsteptheChinesehaveannouncedthattheywillopenupseveralriverdeltaregionsincludingtheChangjiangRiverdeltaandthePearlRiverdelta. ThirdlyChina’sforeigntradesystemhasundergonesignificantchangesinthelastfewyears.AlthoughforeigntradeisstillcarriedoutbytheForeignTradeCorporationFTCsupervisedbytheMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTradeChina’sindustrialdepartmentsandprovincialandlocalenterpriseshavetakenamoreactiveroleinChina’sforeigntrade.Manyoftheseorganizationshaveestablishedimportandexportcorporationsoftheirownwiththeauthoritytoconducttechnicalandcommercialnegotiationswithforeignfirms.Industrialcorporationsareresponsiblefortheirownprofitsandlosses.Certainplantsandfactoriesarealsopermittedtohavemorecontactwithforeignfirmsandauthoritytonegotiatesalescontractsbythemselves. 50ThedecentralizatoinofChina’sforeigntradehasbenefitedforeigntradeorganizationsatdifferentlevelscitiesprovincesandautonomousregionswheretheforeigntradehasthereforebeenbetterhandled. Withtheestablishmentoffourspecialeconomiczoneseconomicandtechnicaldevelopmentzonesweresetupin14coastalcitiesin1980andasthenextsteptheChinesehaveannouncedthattheywillopenupseveralriverdeltaregionsincludingtheChangjiangRiverdeltaandthePearlRiverdelta.
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 17
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 15
GeorgeBernardShaw1856—1950wasborninDublinIreland.Attheageof14aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolShawwasputintoajobasclerkinalandagent’soffice.At20hewenttoLondonwhereheremainedjoblessfor9yearsdevotingmuchtimetoself-education.MeantimeShawtookanactivepartinthesocialistmovement.AcontemporaryofShaw’sthuswroteofhim:IusedtobeadailyfrequenteroftheBritishMuseumReadingRoom.Evenmoreassiduousinhisattendancewasayoungman....Mycuriositywaspiquedbytheoddconjunctionofhissubjectsofresearch.Dayafterdayforweekshehadbeforehimtwobooks—KarlMarx’s’DasKapital’inFrenchandanorchestralscore管弦乐乐谱of’TristanandIsolde’.ThoughShawadmittedMarx’sgreatinfluenceonhimhefailedtograspthenecessityofarevolutionaryreconstructionoftheworld.AstronginfluencewasexercisedonShawbytheFabiansocietytheEnglishreformistorganization.IntheearlyperiodofhisliterarycareerShawwrotesomenovelsAnUnsocialSocialistandothersinwhichhedevelopedthetraditionsofcriticalrealismbitterlycriticizingthestupiditysnobbishnessandpettytyrannyofthemiddleclass.IntheninetiesShawturnedtothetheatrefirstworkingasadramaticcriticthenwritingplaysforthestage.Hisroleinthedevelopmentofdramaturgyisverygreat.Shawwasanenemyofartforart’ssake.Hewroteforart’ssakeIwillnotfacethetoilofwritingasentence.Heusedthestagetocriticizetheevilsofcapitalism.Hewrote51playsintotaltheimportantonesincludingWidower’sHousesSaintJoanandTheAppleCart.InhisplaysShawlaidbarethegrossinjusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeoissociety.Thisheachievednotsomuchbythestructuresofplotsinhisplaysasbythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharacters.HisexposureofcapitalistsocietyisverysignificantanditplacesShawamongthemostimportantrepresentativesofcriticalrealisminmodernEnglishliterature.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 5
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 13
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 11
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 19
41__________.Themysteryinvolvesachangeintheatmoshpere—aholeorthinningoftheozoneintheatmosphereoverAntarctica.Scientistswerenotsurewhatwascausingit. 42__________.Itisfoundbothintheairwebreatheandintheupperatmosphere.Neartheearthozoneintheairisadangertolife.Itisapollutant.Butozonefound10kilometersto50kilometersupintheatmosphereprotectslifeonearth.Ozoneformsintheatmospherethroughtheactionofsolarradiation.Onceformedtheozoneblocksharmfulradiationfromreachingtheearth.Scientistssayadecreaseinozoneandanincreaseintheharmfulradiationwillcausemanymorecasesofskincancerandwillharmcropsanimalsandfish. 43__________. Chlorineisreleasedintotheairfromthechlorofluorocarbons—orCFCs—usedinplasticairconditionersandspraycans.TheuseofCFCshasgreatlyincreasedworldwidesince1960andiscontinuingtoincrease.Thedestructionoftheozoneintheatmospherealsohasincreased. Aninternationaleffortisbeingmadetohaltthelossofatmosphericozone.Butmanyexpertsfeartheeffortwillnotproduceresultsfastenoughtopreventharmtolifeonearth.Thirty-onenationsnegotiatedatreatylastyear1987callingforareductionintheworldwideproductionofchlorofluorocarbons.Itwaspraisedatthetimeasamajorstepinhaltingfurtherdestructionoftheozone.CutsinthepresentproductionofCFCswillbegininthemid-1990s. 44__________. Harmfulchemicalstakefrom7to10yearstoriseupintotheatmosphere.DamagefromtheincreaseuseofCFCsinthispastdecadestillhasnotbeenfelt.Governmentscientistssaymorethantwotimesthemountofthesegaseswillbeintheatmospherebeforethelevelsstoprising. 45__________.Scientistspointoutamoleculeofchlorineremainsintheatmosphereforaslongas100years.Duringthattimeitdestroystensofthousandsofozonemolecules. [A]WhyhastheozoneproblemdevelopedNooneknowsforsure.Butscientistssaytheevidenceisverystrongthatthechlorineinchlorofluorocarbons含氯氟烃iscausingmuchoftheproblem. [B]Almost30yearsafterscientistsdiscoveredthatcommonindustrialgasesweredestroyingEarth’sprotectiveozonelayersatellitereadingsandgroundobservationsshowforthefirsttimethatthedangerousrateofozonelossisfinallyslowing. [C]Ozoneisathree-atomformofoxygengas. [D]Therehavebeensomenewdevelopmentsinacontinuingmysterywehavereportedaboutmanytimes. [E]Scientistsalsosaydamagetoozonewillcontinuebecauseofthelonglifeofthechemicalgasesreleasedintotheatmosphere. [F]TheozoneproblemcausedbyCFCswasfirstnoticedasearlyasthe1960s. [G]Howevermostscientistsnowagreedestructionoftheozonewillcontinuefordecades.Theysaythiswillhappeneventhoughindustriesandgovernmentsdotheirbesttocontrolthedamage. 45
GeorgeBernardShaw1856—1950wasborninDublinIreland.Attheageof14aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolShawwasputintoajobasclerkinalandagent’soffice.At20hewenttoLondonwhereheremainedjoblessfor9yearsdevotingmuchtimetoself-education.MeantimeShawtookanactivepartinthesocialistmovement.AcontemporaryofShaw’sthuswroteofhim:IusedtobeadailyfrequenteroftheBritishMuseumReadingRoom.Evenmoreassiduousinhisattendancewasayoungman....Mycuriositywaspiquedbytheoddconjunctionofhissubjectsofresearch.Dayafterdayforweekshehadbeforehimtwobooks—KarlMarx’s’DasKapital’inFrenchandanorchestralscore管弦乐乐谱of’TristanandIsolde’.ThoughShawadmittedMarx’sgreatinfluenceonhimhefailedtograspthenecessityofarevolutionaryreconstructionoftheworld.AstronginfluencewasexercisedonShawbytheFabiansocietytheEnglishreformistorganization.IntheearlyperiodofhisliterarycareerShawwrotesomenovelsAnUnsocialSocialistandothersinwhichhedevelopedthetraditionsofcriticalrealismbitterlycriticizingthestupiditysnobbishnessandpettytyrannyofthemiddleclass.IntheninetiesShawturnedtothetheatrefirstworkingasadramaticcriticthenwritingplaysforthestage.Hisroleinthedevelopmentofdramaturgyisverygreat.Shawwasanenemyofartforart’ssake.Hewroteforart’ssakeIwillnotfacethetoilofwritingasentence.Heusedthestagetocriticizetheevilsofcapitalism.Hewrote51playsintotaltheimportantonesincludingWidower’sHousesSaintJoanandTheAppleCart.InhisplaysShawlaidbarethegrossinjusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeoissociety.Thisheachievednotsomuchbythestructuresofplotsinhisplaysasbythebrilliantdialoguesbetweenthecharacters.HisexposureofcapitalistsocietyisverysignificantanditplacesShawamongthemostimportantrepresentativesofcriticalrealisminmodernEnglishliterature.TheinferencewecandrawfromwhatacontemporaryofShaw’sisthat______.
InaninterviewlastmonthFrankChurchchairmanoftheSenatecommitteethatisinvestigatingtheCIAissuedanobliquebutimpassionedwarningthatthetechnologyofeavesdroppinghadbecomesohighlydevelopedthatAmericansmightsoonbeleftwithnoplacetohide.Thatdaymayhavearrived.Newsweekhaslearnedthatthecountry’smostsecretintelligenceoperationtheNationalSecurityAgencyalreadypossessesthecomputerizedequipmenttomonitornearlyalloverseastelephonecallsandmostdomesticandinternationalprintedmessages.Theagency’sdevicesmonitorthousandsoftelephonecircuitscablelinesandthemicrowavetransmissonsthatcarryanincreasingshareofbothspokenandwrittencommunications.Computersareprogramedtowatchfortriggerwordsorphrasesindicatingthatamessagemightinterestintelligenceanalysiswhenthetriggerispulledentiremessagesaretape-recordedorprintedout.Thatkindofeavesdroppingishoweverrelativelysimplecomparedwiththebreakthroughsthatlieaheadinthefieldofsnoopery.Alreadyitistechnicallyfeasibletobuganelectrictypewriterbypickingupitsfeebleelectronicemissionsfromaremotelocationandthentranslatingthemintowords.Andsomescientistsbelievethatitmaybepossibleinthefutureforremoteelectronicequipmenttointerceptandreadhumanbrainwaves.Wheresuchcapabilitiesexistsotoodoesthepotentialforabuse.Itistheoldstoryoftechnologyrushingforwardwithsomenewwonderbeforethemanwhosupposedlycontrolthemachineshavefigureouthowtopreventthemachinesfromcontrollingthem.Itcanbeinferredthat______.
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 9
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.
InaninterviewlastmonthFrankChurchchairmanoftheSenatecommitteethatisinvestigatingtheCIAissuedanobliquebutimpassionedwarningthatthetechnologyofeavesdroppinghadbecomesohighlydevelopedthatAmericansmightsoonbeleftwithnoplacetohide.Thatdaymayhavearrived.Newsweekhaslearnedthatthecountry’smostsecretintelligenceoperationtheNationalSecurityAgencyalreadypossessesthecomputerizedequipmenttomonitornearlyalloverseastelephonecallsandmostdomesticandinternationalprintedmessages.Theagency’sdevicesmonitorthousandsoftelephonecircuitscablelinesandthemicrowavetransmissonsthatcarryanincreasingshareofbothspokenandwrittencommunications.Computersareprogramedtowatchfortriggerwordsorphrasesindicatingthatamessagemightinterestintelligenceanalysiswhenthetriggerispulledentiremessagesaretape-recordedorprintedout.Thatkindofeavesdroppingishoweverrelativelysimplecomparedwiththebreakthroughsthatlieaheadinthefieldofsnoopery.Alreadyitistechnicallyfeasibletobuganelectrictypewriterbypickingupitsfeebleelectronicemissionsfromaremotelocationandthentranslatingthemintowords.Andsomescientistsbelievethatitmaybepossibleinthefutureforremoteelectronicequipmenttointerceptandreadhumanbrainwaves.Wheresuchcapabilitiesexistsotoodoesthepotentialforabuse.Itistheoldstoryoftechnologyrushingforwardwithsomenewwonderbeforethemanwhosupposedlycontrolthemachineshavefigureouthowtopreventthemachinesfromcontrollingthem.ThewarninggivenbyFrankChurchis______.
InrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreasingawarenessoftheinadequaciesofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStates.Costsarestaggeringbothforthetaxpayersandthelitigants—andthelitigantsorpartieshavetowaitsometimesmanyyearsbeforehavingtheirdayincourt.Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeconcerningmethodsofamelioratingthesituationbutasinmostbranchesofgovernmentchangescomeslowly.Onesuggestionthathasbeenmadeinordertomaximizetheefficiencyofthesystemistoallowdistrictsthathaveanoverabundanceofpendingcasestoborrowjudgesfromotherdistrictsthatdonothavesuchabacklog.Anothersuggestionistousepretrialconferencesinwhichthejudgemeetsinhischamberswiththelitigantsandtheirattorneysinordertonarrowtheissueslimitthewitnessesandprovideforamoreorderlytrial.Thetheorybehindpretrialconferencesisthatjudgeswillspendleastimeoneachcaseandpartieswillmorereadilysettlebeforetrialwhentheyrealizetheadequacyoftheirclaimsandtheiropponents’evidence.Unfortunatelyatleastonestudyhasshownthatpretrialconferencesactuallyusemorejudicialtimethantheysaverarelyresultinpretrialsettlementsandactuallyresultinhigherdamagesettlements.Manystateshavenowestablishedanothermethodsmall-claimscourtsinwhichcasesoversmallsumsofmoneycanbedisposedofwithconsiderabledispatch.Suchproceedingscostthelitigantsalmostnothing.InCaliforniaforexamplethepartiesmustappearbeforethejudgewithouttheassistanceofcounsel.Theproceedingsarequiteinformalandthereisnopleading—thelitigantsneedtomakeonlyaone-sentencestatementoftheirclaim.Bygoingtothistypeofcourttheplaintiffwaivesanyrighttoajurytrialandtherighttoappealthedecision.Incomingyearswecanexpecttoseemoreandmoreinnovationsinthecontinuingefforttoremedyasituationwhichmustberemediedifthecitizenswhohavevalidclaimsaregoingtobeabletohavetheirdayincourt.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutsmall-claimscourts
41__________.Themysteryinvolvesachangeintheatmoshpere—aholeorthinningoftheozoneintheatmosphereoverAntarctica.Scientistswerenotsurewhatwascausingit. 42__________.Itisfoundbothintheairwebreatheandintheupperatmosphere.Neartheearthozoneintheairisadangertolife.Itisapollutant.Butozonefound10kilometersto50kilometersupintheatmosphereprotectslifeonearth.Ozoneformsintheatmospherethroughtheactionofsolarradiation.Onceformedtheozoneblocksharmfulradiationfromreachingtheearth.Scientistssayadecreaseinozoneandanincreaseintheharmfulradiationwillcausemanymorecasesofskincancerandwillharmcropsanimalsandfish. 43__________. Chlorineisreleasedintotheairfromthechlorofluorocarbons—orCFCs—usedinplasticairconditionersandspraycans.TheuseofCFCshasgreatlyincreasedworldwidesince1960andiscontinuingtoincrease.Thedestructionoftheozoneintheatmospherealsohasincreased. Aninternationaleffortisbeingmadetohaltthelossofatmosphericozone.Butmanyexpertsfeartheeffortwillnotproduceresultsfastenoughtopreventharmtolifeonearth.Thirty-onenationsnegotiatedatreatylastyear1987callingforareductionintheworldwideproductionofchlorofluorocarbons.Itwaspraisedatthetimeasamajorstepinhaltingfurtherdestructionoftheozone.CutsinthepresentproductionofCFCswillbegininthemid-1990s. 44__________. Harmfulchemicalstakefrom7to10yearstoriseupintotheatmosphere.DamagefromtheincreaseuseofCFCsinthispastdecadestillhasnotbeenfelt.Governmentscientistssaymorethantwotimesthemountofthesegaseswillbeintheatmospherebeforethelevelsstoprising. 45__________.Scientistspointoutamoleculeofchlorineremainsintheatmosphereforaslongas100years.Duringthattimeitdestroystensofthousandsofozonemolecules. [A]WhyhastheozoneproblemdevelopedNooneknowsforsure.Butscientistssaytheevidenceisverystrongthatthechlorineinchlorofluorocarbons含氯氟烃iscausingmuchoftheproblem. [B]Almost30yearsafterscientistsdiscoveredthatcommonindustrialgasesweredestroyingEarth’sprotectiveozonelayersatellitereadingsandgroundobservationsshowforthefirsttimethatthedangerousrateofozonelossisfinallyslowing. [C]Ozoneisathree-atomformofoxygengas. [D]Therehavebeensomenewdevelopmentsinacontinuingmysterywehavereportedaboutmanytimes. [E]Scientistsalsosaydamagetoozonewillcontinuebecauseofthelonglifeofthechemicalgasesreleasedintotheatmosphere. [F]TheozoneproblemcausedbyCFCswasfirstnoticedasearlyasthe1960s. [G]Howevermostscientistsnowagreedestructionoftheozonewillcontinuefordecades.Theysaythiswillhappeneventhoughindustriesandgovernmentsdotheirbesttocontrolthedamage. 43
Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread1theglobelastweek2SouthAfricaNewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain’sEuropeanUnionpartnersin3importsofBritishbeef.InLondonsteakrestaurantswereemptyfollwingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda4linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman5Creutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseCJD. Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved6.FranceGermanyItalyFinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans7Britishbeefshipments. AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexpertsmeetinginBrussels8newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot9ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain’sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto10beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot11CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways12. "CoulditbeworsethanAIDS" ThestarkheadlineinFriday’sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty13Britain.CJD14humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain15itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese. Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow16ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie17sixmonths. Littleisknown18sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiformencephalopathieswhichexplains19someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto20ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions. 7
Directions:YourfriendlivesinanothercityandcametovisityoulastSundaybutduetosomereasonyouwerenotathome.Writeanoteexpressingyourregretsonhavingmissedseeinghimorher.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenote.UseLiMinginstead.
Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirproduct’smanifestadvantages.Furthermoretheadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasonshowever.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudiesoneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaireoftheuniversityofCaliforniaconstructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburgercarrotsbreadbakingpowdercannedpeachesandpotatoeswiththebrandsoramountsspecified.Theseventhiteminfifthplaceonbothlistsread1lb.MaxwellHouseCoffeeononelistandNestleInstantCoffeeontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachoneinagroupoffiftywomenandtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribeasfarastheycouldthekindofwomenpersonalityandcharacterwhowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhandonlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewifewhohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlistaslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstant-coffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.Whichofthefollowingwasconfirmedbythemotivationstudies
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