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Most people hate rock music. While I am not an (1) or biased person by nature, two (2) and strik...
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IfsomeoneasksmeDoyoulikemusicLi?I’msureIwillanswer
RockandrollmusicdevelopedintheUnitedStatesintheear
Rockmusicmay________nicetoyoungpeoplebutmostoldpeo
hear
sound
look
listen
AmericanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworlD.People
Rockandrollmusicfirstbecamepopularinthe1950s.There
IfsomeoneasksmeDoyoulikemusic?I.’msureIwillanswerh
短文填空根据短文内容选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空使短文完整连贯althougharounddif
Rockandrollmusicfirstbecamepopularinthe1950s.There
Rockmusicmay_______nicetoyoungpeoplebutmostoldpeop
hear
sound
look
listen
阅读理解Ifsomeoneasksme:Doyoulikemusic?I’msureIwillans
阅读理解Ifsomeoneasksme:Doyoulikemusic?I’msureIwillans
IfsomeoneasksmeDoyoulikemusic?IamsureIwillanswerhi
AmericanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworlD.People
Ifsomeoneasksme:Doyoulikemusic?I’msureIwillanswerh
Rockmusicmaynicetoyoungpeoplebutmostoldpeoplecan't
hear
sound
look
listen
用所给词的适当形式填空5分boringlouddancesingbandRockandrollcam
•AmericanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworlD.Peopl
Rockmusicmay_______nicetoyoungpeoplebutmostoldpeop
hear
sound
look
listen
AmericanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworlD.People
阅读理解Musicisdifferentfromsongs.Songsexpressfeelings
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Text3 Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabour.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilieswhilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeopleandtherewasnotmuchopportunityformenorwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscenturymen’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed. Inthe1950seconomicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcaremenbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infactsomeyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.InadditionmanyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam. Intermsofnumbersthecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon"over-time"worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctorslawyersandteachersturned.awayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighbourhoods. Inthe1970sthefeministmovementorwomen’sliberationproducedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobssuchaspublicschoolteachingnursingandsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policeworkbankingdentistryandconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalworkandequalopportunitiesforpromotion. Thebesttitleforthearticleis
Text4 OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’ssideorthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountriescurlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell. ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreoverweliketothinkofourselvesasfriendlyyetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouchwhichmakesAmericansuncomfortable. Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastesgesturescustomsandlanguagesofothercountriesarelosingourfriendsbusinessandrespectintheworld. EvenhereintheUnitedStateswemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem. WhenwegoabroadwetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupateconditionedbythosenatives--usuallythericher--whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealingsaswellasthenation’sdiplomacyareconductedthroughinterpreters. FormanyyearsAmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.AfterallAmericawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworldthedistributorofneededfundsandgoods. Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthingsandweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcenturyeventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand. Theauthor'sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat
Text1 Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthierhavebettermarriagesandrespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivebetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecirclebeautycanbecomealiability. WhileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladderitisharmfultoaWOman. Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess. Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck. Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Increasinglythoughtheriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses. WhyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeableAnattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thusanattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobsbutanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired. Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheoneclueishowheorshelookspeopletreatmenandwomendifferently"saysAnneBowmanwhorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographsoneofmenandoneofwomeninorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagainintheordertheywouldvoteforthem. Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemenbutthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes. ThewordliabilityLine4ParA．1mostprobablymeans
Text2 Theideaofpublicworksprojectsasadevicetopreventorcontroldepressionwasdesignedasameansofcreatingjobopportunitiesforunemployedworkersandasa"pumppriming"devicetoaidbusinesstorevive.ItwasconceivedduringtheearlyyearsoftheNewDealEra1933--1937.By1933thenumberofunemployedworkershadreachedabout13million.Thismeantthatabout50millionpeople--aboutone-thirdofthenation--werewithoutmeansofsupport.AtfirstdirectreliefintheformofcashOrfoodwasprovidedthesepeople.Thismadethemrecipientsofgovernmentcharity.Inordertoremovethisstigmaandrestoretotheunemployedsomemeasureofrespectabilityandhumandignityaplanwasdevisedtocreategovernmentallysponsoredworkprojectsthatprivateindustrywouldnotorcouldnotprovide.Thiswouldalsostimulateproductionandrevivebusinessactivity. Thebestwaytoexplainhowthisprocedureisexpectedtoworkistoexplainhowitactuallyworkedwhenitwasfirsttried.ThefirstexperimentwithitwasthecreationoftheWorksProjectAdministrationWPA.Thisagencysetupworkprojectsinvariousfieldsinwhichthereweremanyunemployed.Forexampleunemployedactorswereorganizedintotheaterprojectsorchestraswereorganizedforunemployedmusiciansteachingprojectsforunemployedteachersandevenwriters’projectsforunemployedwriters.Unemployedlaborerswereputtoworkbuildingormaintainingroadsparksplaygroundsorpublicbuildings.Thesewerealltemporaryworkreliefprojects--ratherthanpermanentworkopportunities. MoresubstantialworkprojectsofapermanentnaturewereorganizedbyanotheragencythePublicWorksAdministrationPWA.Thisagencyundertooktheplanningofconstructionofschoolshousespostofficesdamsandotherpublicstructures.Itenteredintocontractswithprivateconstructionfirmstoerectthemoritloanedmoneytolocalorstategovernmentswhichundertooktheirconstructions.Thiscreatedmanyjobsinthefactoriesproducingthematerialaswellasintheprojectsthemselvesandgreatlyreducedthenumberofunemployed. StillanotheragencywhichprovidedworkprojectsfortheunemployedwastheCivilianConservationCorpsCCC.Thisagencyprovidedjobopportunitiesforyouthsaged16to20toworkinnationalparksorforestsclearinglandguardingagainstfiresbuildingroadsordoingotherconservationwork.Intheeventofafuturedepressionthefederategovernmentmightreviveanyoralloftheabovemethodstorelieveunemploymentandstimulatebusiness. Theauthorimpliesthat
Text2 Theideaofpublicworksprojectsasadevicetopreventorcontroldepressionwasdesignedasameansofcreatingjobopportunitiesforunemployedworkersandasa"pumppriming"devicetoaidbusinesstorevive.ItwasconceivedduringtheearlyyearsoftheNewDealEra1933--1937.By1933thenumberofunemployedworkershadreachedabout13million.Thismeantthatabout50millionpeople--aboutone-thirdofthenation--werewithoutmeansofsupport.AtfirstdirectreliefintheformofcashOrfoodwasprovidedthesepeople.Thismadethemrecipientsofgovernmentcharity.Inordertoremovethisstigmaandrestoretotheunemployedsomemeasureofrespectabilityandhumandignityaplanwasdevisedtocreategovernmentallysponsoredworkprojectsthatprivateindustrywouldnotorcouldnotprovide.Thiswouldalsostimulateproductionandrevivebusinessactivity. Thebestwaytoexplainhowthisprocedureisexpectedtoworkistoexplainhowitactuallyworkedwhenitwasfirsttried.ThefirstexperimentwithitwasthecreationoftheWorksProjectAdministrationWPA.Thisagencysetupworkprojectsinvariousfieldsinwhichthereweremanyunemployed.Forexampleunemployedactorswereorganizedintotheaterprojectsorchestraswereorganizedforunemployedmusiciansteachingprojectsforunemployedteachersandevenwriters’projectsforunemployedwriters.Unemployedlaborerswereputtoworkbuildingormaintainingroadsparksplaygroundsorpublicbuildings.Thesewerealltemporaryworkreliefprojects--ratherthanpermanentworkopportunities. MoresubstantialworkprojectsofapermanentnaturewereorganizedbyanotheragencythePublicWorksAdministrationPWA.Thisagencyundertooktheplanningofconstructionofschoolshousespostofficesdamsandotherpublicstructures.Itenteredintocontractswithprivateconstructionfirmstoerectthemoritloanedmoneytolocalorstategovernmentswhichundertooktheirconstructions.Thiscreatedmanyjobsinthefactoriesproducingthematerialaswellasintheprojectsthemselvesandgreatlyreducedthenumberofunemployed. StillanotheragencywhichprovidedworkprojectsfortheunemployedwastheCivilianConservationCorpsCCC.Thisagencyprovidedjobopportunitiesforyouthsaged16to20toworkinnationalparksorforestsclearinglandguardingagainstfiresbuildingroadsordoingotherconservationwork.Intheeventofafuturedepressionthefederategovernmentmightreviveanyoralloftheabovemethodstorelieveunemploymentandstimulatebusiness. OnemethodofpreventingoralleviatingdepressionNotmentionedbytheauthoristheuseof
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseJackinstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Scienceiscommittedtotheuniversal.Asignofthisisthatthemoresuccessfulasciencebecomesthebroadertheagreementaboutitsbasicconcepts:thereisnotaseparateChineseorAmericanorSovietthermodynamics热力学forexample;thereissimplythermodynamics41______ 42______Thisiswhythespreadoftechnologymakestheworldlookevermorehomogeneous.Architecturalstylesdressstylesmusicalstyleseveneatingstylestendincreasinglytobeworldstyles.Theworldlooksmorehomogeneousbecauseitismorehomogeneous.Childrenwhogrowupinthisworldthereforeexperienceitasasamenessratherthanadiversityandbecausetheiridentitiesareshapedbythissamenesstheirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesandindividualsdiminishes.43______ Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreatclarity.Atechnologicalinnovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmayberejectedinitiallybutifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobilesitwillreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversallyregardedasanasset.44______ Ifmancreatesmachinesmachinesinturnshapetheircreators.Astheautomobileisuniversalizedituniversalizesthosewhouseit.LiketheWorldCarhedrivesmodemmanisbecominguniversal.Nolongerquiteanindividualnolongerquitetheproductofauniquegeographyandculturehemovesfromoneclimate-controlledshoppingmalltoanotheroneairporttothenextfromoneHolidayInntoitssuccessorthreehundredmilesdowntheroad;butsomehowhislocationneverchanges.Heiscosmopolitan四海为家者.Thepricehepaysisthathenolongerhasahomeinthetraditionalsenseofthe’word.45______ Theuniversalizingimperativeoftechnologyisirresistible.Barringthecatastropheofnuclearwarit.willcontinuetoshapebothmodemcultureandtheconsciousnessofthosewhoinhabitthatculture. A.Thermodynamicsbelongst6physicsthatdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenheatandotherformsofenergy. B.Asthecorollary必然结果ofsciencetechnologyalsoexhibitstheuniversalizingtendency. C.Today’sautomobileisnolongeruniquetoagivencompanyoreventoagivennationalcultureitsbasicfeaturesarefoundwithvariationsinautomobilesingeneralnomatterwhomakesthem. D.Geneticsisthebranchofbiologythatdealswithheredityespeciallythemechanismsofhereditarytransmissionandthevariationofinheritedcharacteristicsamongsimilarorrelatedorganisms. E.Asbuildingsbecomemorealikethepeoplewhoinhabitthebuildingsbecomemorealike.Theresultisdescribedpreciselyinaphrasethatisalreadyfamiliar:thedisappearanceofhistory. F.ForseveraldecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherewasaWesternandaSovietgenetics遗传学thelatterassociatedwithLysenko’stheorythatenvironmentalstresscanproducegeneticmutations变化.TodayLysenko’stheoryisdiscreditedandthereisnowonlyonegenetics. G.Thebenefitisthathebeginstosuspecthomeinthetraditionalsenseisanothernameforlimitationsandthathomeinthemodemsenseiseverywhereandalwayssurroundedbyneighbors. 43
Text1 Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthierhavebettermarriagesandrespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivebetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecirclebeautycanbecomealiability. WhileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladderitisharmfultoaWOman. Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess. Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck. Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Increasinglythoughtheriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses. WhyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeableAnattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thusanattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobsbutanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired. Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheoneclueishowheorshelookspeopletreatmenandwomendifferently"saysAnneBowmanwhorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographsoneofmenandoneofwomeninorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagainintheordertheywouldvoteforthem. Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemenbutthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes. Intraditionallyfemalejobsattractiveness
ThetimehascomeforhumanitytojourneytoMars.We’reready.46ThoughMarsisdistantwearefarbetterpreparedtodaytosendhumanstoMarsthanweweretotraveltotheMoonatthecommencementofthespaceage.GiventhewillwecouldhaveourfirstteamsonMarswithinadecade.ThereasonsforgoingtoMarsarepowerful. WemustgofortheknowledgeofMars.OurroboticprobeshaverevealedthatMarswasonceawarmandwetplanetsuitableforhostinglife’sorigin.ButdiditAsearchforfossilsontheMartiansurfaceormicrobesingroundwaterbelowcouldprovidetheanswer.IffoundtheywouldshowthattheoriginoflifeisnotuniquetotheEarthandbyimplicationrevealauniversethatisfilledwithlifeandprobablyintelligenceaswell.47FromtheviewpointoflearningourtrueplaceintheuniversethiswouldbethemostimportantscientificenlightenmentsinceCopernicus. WemustgoforknowledgeofEarth.Aswebeginthetwenty-firstcenturywehaveevidencethatwearechangingtheEarth’satmosphereandenvironmentinsignificantways.Ithasbecomeacriticalmatterforustobetterunderstandallaspectsofourenvironment.48InthisprojectcomparativeplanetologyisaverypowerfultoolafactalreadyshownbytherolethatVenusianatmosphericstudiesplayedinourdiscoveryofthepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingbygreenhousegases.MarstheplanetmostlikeEarthwillhaveevenmoretoteachusaboutourhomeworld.Theknowledgewegaincouldbekeytooursurvival. Wemustgoforthefuture.49Marsisnotjustascientificcuriosity;itisaworldwithasurfaceareaequaltoallthecontinentsofEarthcombined;possessingalltheelementsthatareneededtosupportnotonlylifebuttechnologicalsociety.50ItisaNewWorldfilledwithhistorywaitingtobemadebyanewandyouthfulbranchofhumancivilizationthatiswaitingtobeborn.WemustgotoMarstomakethatpotentialareality.Wemustgonotforusbutforapeoplewhoareyettobe.WemustdoitfortheMartians. FromtheviewpointoflearningourtrueplaceintheuniversethiswouldbethemostimportantscientificenlightenmentsinceCopernicus.
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 5
Scienceiscommittedtotheuniversal.Asignofthisisthatthemoresuccessfulasciencebecomesthebroadertheagreementaboutitsbasicconcepts:thereisnotaseparateChineseorAmericanorSovietthermodynamics热力学forexample;thereissimplythermodynamics41______ 42______Thisiswhythespreadoftechnologymakestheworldlookevermorehomogeneous.Architecturalstylesdressstylesmusicalstyleseveneatingstylestendincreasinglytobeworldstyles.Theworldlooksmorehomogeneousbecauseitismorehomogeneous.Childrenwhogrowupinthisworldthereforeexperienceitasasamenessratherthanadiversityandbecausetheiridentitiesareshapedbythissamenesstheirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesandindividualsdiminishes.43______ Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreatclarity.Atechnologicalinnovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmayberejectedinitiallybutifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobilesitwillreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversallyregardedasanasset.44______ Ifmancreatesmachinesmachinesinturnshapetheircreators.Astheautomobileisuniversalizedituniversalizesthosewhouseit.LiketheWorldCarhedrivesmodemmanisbecominguniversal.Nolongerquiteanindividualnolongerquitetheproductofauniquegeographyandculturehemovesfromoneclimate-controlledshoppingmalltoanotheroneairporttothenextfromoneHolidayInntoitssuccessorthreehundredmilesdowntheroad;butsomehowhislocationneverchanges.Heiscosmopolitan四海为家者.Thepricehepaysisthathenolongerhasahomeinthetraditionalsenseofthe’word.45______ Theuniversalizingimperativeoftechnologyisirresistible.Barringthecatastropheofnuclearwarit.willcontinuetoshapebothmodemcultureandtheconsciousnessofthosewhoinhabitthatculture. A.Thermodynamicsbelongst6physicsthatdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenheatandotherformsofenergy. B.Asthecorollary必然结果ofsciencetechnologyalsoexhibitstheuniversalizingtendency. C.Today’sautomobileisnolongeruniquetoagivencompanyoreventoagivennationalcultureitsbasicfeaturesarefoundwithvariationsinautomobilesingeneralnomatterwhomakesthem. D.Geneticsisthebranchofbiologythatdealswithheredityespeciallythemechanismsofhereditarytransmissionandthevariationofinheritedcharacteristicsamongsimilarorrelatedorganisms. E.Asbuildingsbecomemorealikethepeoplewhoinhabitthebuildingsbecomemorealike.Theresultisdescribedpreciselyinaphrasethatisalreadyfamiliar:thedisappearanceofhistory. F.ForseveraldecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherewasaWesternandaSovietgenetics遗传学thelatterassociatedwithLysenko’stheorythatenvironmentalstresscanproducegeneticmutations变化.TodayLysenko’stheoryisdiscreditedandthereisnowonlyonegenetics. G.Thebenefitisthathebeginstosuspecthomeinthetraditionalsenseisanothernameforlimitationsandthathomeinthemodemsenseiseverywhereandalwayssurroundedbyneighbors. 45
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 13
Text1 Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthierhavebettermarriagesandrespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivebetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecirclebeautycanbecomealiability. WhileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladderitisharmfultoaWOman. Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess. Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck. Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Increasinglythoughtheriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses. WhyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeableAnattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thusanattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobsbutanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired. Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheoneclueishowheorshelookspeopletreatmenandwomendifferently"saysAnneBowmanwhorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographsoneofmenandoneofwomeninorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagainintheordertheywouldvoteforthem. Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemenbutthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften
Text4 OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’ssideorthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountriescurlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell. ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreoverweliketothinkofourselvesasfriendlyyetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouchwhichmakesAmericansuncomfortable. Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastesgesturescustomsandlanguagesofothercountriesarelosingourfriendsbusinessandrespectintheworld. EvenhereintheUnitedStateswemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem. WhenwegoabroadwetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupateconditionedbythosenatives--usuallythericher--whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealingsaswellasthenation’sdiplomacyareconductedthroughinterpreters. FormanyyearsAmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.AfterallAmericawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworldthedistributorofneededfundsandgoods. Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthingsandweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcenturyeventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand. TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir
Text3 Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabour.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilieswhilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeopleandtherewasnotmuchopportunityformenorwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscenturymen’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed. Inthe1950seconomicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcaremenbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infactsomeyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.InadditionmanyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam. Intermsofnumbersthecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon"over-time"worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctorslawyersandteachersturned.awayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighbourhoods. Inthe1970sthefeministmovementorwomen’sliberationproducedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobssuchaspublicschoolteachingnursingandsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policeworkbankingdentistryandconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalworkandequalopportunitiesforpromotion. Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 11
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
ThetimehascomeforhumanitytojourneytoMars.We’reready.46ThoughMarsisdistantwearefarbetterpreparedtodaytosendhumanstoMarsthanweweretotraveltotheMoonatthecommencementofthespaceage.GiventhewillwecouldhaveourfirstteamsonMarswithinadecade.ThereasonsforgoingtoMarsarepowerful. WemustgofortheknowledgeofMars.OurroboticprobeshaverevealedthatMarswasonceawarmandwetplanetsuitableforhostinglife’sorigin.ButdiditAsearchforfossilsontheMartiansurfaceormicrobesingroundwaterbelowcouldprovidetheanswer.IffoundtheywouldshowthattheoriginoflifeisnotuniquetotheEarthandbyimplicationrevealauniversethatisfilledwithlifeandprobablyintelligenceaswell.47FromtheviewpointoflearningourtrueplaceintheuniversethiswouldbethemostimportantscientificenlightenmentsinceCopernicus. WemustgoforknowledgeofEarth.Aswebeginthetwenty-firstcenturywehaveevidencethatwearechangingtheEarth’satmosphereandenvironmentinsignificantways.Ithasbecomeacriticalmatterforustobetterunderstandallaspectsofourenvironment.48InthisprojectcomparativeplanetologyisaverypowerfultoolafactalreadyshownbytherolethatVenusianatmosphericstudiesplayedinourdiscoveryofthepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingbygreenhousegases.MarstheplanetmostlikeEarthwillhaveevenmoretoteachusaboutourhomeworld.Theknowledgewegaincouldbekeytooursurvival. Wemustgoforthefuture.49Marsisnotjustascientificcuriosity;itisaworldwithasurfaceareaequaltoallthecontinentsofEarthcombined;possessingalltheelementsthatareneededtosupportnotonlylifebuttechnologicalsociety.50ItisaNewWorldfilledwithhistorywaitingtobemadebyanewandyouthfulbranchofhumancivilizationthatiswaitingtobeborn.WemustgotoMarstomakethatpotentialareality.Wemustgonotforusbutforapeoplewhoareyettobe.WemustdoitfortheMartians. Marsisnotjustascientificcuriosity;itisaworldwithasurfaceareaequaltoallthecontinentsofEarthcombined;possessingalltheelementsthatareneededtosupportnotonlylifebuttechnologicalsociety.
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 9
Scienceiscommittedtotheuniversal.Asignofthisisthatthemoresuccessfulasciencebecomesthebroadertheagreementaboutitsbasicconcepts:thereisnotaseparateChineseorAmericanorSovietthermodynamics热力学forexample;thereissimplythermodynamics41______ 42______Thisiswhythespreadoftechnologymakestheworldlookevermorehomogeneous.Architecturalstylesdressstylesmusicalstyleseveneatingstylestendincreasinglytobeworldstyles.Theworldlooksmorehomogeneousbecauseitismorehomogeneous.Childrenwhogrowupinthisworldthereforeexperienceitasasamenessratherthanadiversityandbecausetheiridentitiesareshapedbythissamenesstheirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesandindividualsdiminishes.43______ Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreatclarity.Atechnologicalinnovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmayberejectedinitiallybutifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobilesitwillreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversallyregardedasanasset.44______ Ifmancreatesmachinesmachinesinturnshapetheircreators.Astheautomobileisuniversalizedituniversalizesthosewhouseit.LiketheWorldCarhedrivesmodemmanisbecominguniversal.Nolongerquiteanindividualnolongerquitetheproductofauniquegeographyandculturehemovesfromoneclimate-controlledshoppingmalltoanotheroneairporttothenextfromoneHolidayInntoitssuccessorthreehundredmilesdowntheroad;butsomehowhislocationneverchanges.Heiscosmopolitan四海为家者.Thepricehepaysisthathenolongerhasahomeinthetraditionalsenseofthe’word.45______ Theuniversalizingimperativeoftechnologyisirresistible.Barringthecatastropheofnuclearwarit.willcontinuetoshapebothmodemcultureandtheconsciousnessofthosewhoinhabitthatculture. A.Thermodynamicsbelongst6physicsthatdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenheatandotherformsofenergy. B.Asthecorollary必然结果ofsciencetechnologyalsoexhibitstheuniversalizingtendency. C.Today’sautomobileisnolongeruniquetoagivencompanyoreventoagivennationalcultureitsbasicfeaturesarefoundwithvariationsinautomobilesingeneralnomatterwhomakesthem. D.Geneticsisthebranchofbiologythatdealswithheredityespeciallythemechanismsofhereditarytransmissionandthevariationofinheritedcharacteristicsamongsimilarorrelatedorganisms. E.Asbuildingsbecomemorealikethepeoplewhoinhabitthebuildingsbecomemorealike.Theresultisdescribedpreciselyinaphrasethatisalreadyfamiliar:thedisappearanceofhistory. F.ForseveraldecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherewasaWesternandaSovietgenetics遗传学thelatterassociatedwithLysenko’stheorythatenvironmentalstresscanproducegeneticmutations变化.TodayLysenko’stheoryisdiscreditedandthereisnowonlyonegenetics. G.Thebenefitisthathebeginstosuspecthomeinthetraditionalsenseisanothernameforlimitationsandthathomeinthemodemsenseiseverywhereandalwayssurroundedbyneighbors. 41
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 3
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 1
AtthemomentthesecondplanewasslammingintothesouthtowerPresidentBushwas1tothesecond-gradersofEmmaE.BookerElementaryinSarasotaFTA.Whenhearrivedattheschoolhehadbeenwhisked2aholdingroom:NationalSecurityAdvisorCondoleezzaRiceneededto3tohim.Buthesoonappearedintheclassroomandlistened4asthechildrenwentthroughtheirreadingdrill.Ashewasgettingreadytopose5pictureswiththeteachersandkidschiefofstaffAndyCardenteredtheroomwalked6tothePresidentandwhisperedinMsrightear.ThePresident’sfacebecame7tenseandserious.8noddedCardleftandforseveralminutesthePresidentseemeddistractedandsomberbutthenhe9hisinteractionwiththeclass."Reallygoodreaderswhew!"hetold10"Thesemustbesix-graders!" Meanwhileintheroom11Bushwasscheduledtogivehisremarksabout200people12localofficialsschoolpersonnelandstudentswaitedunderthehotlights.Wordofthecrashbeganto13reporterscalledtheireditorsbutdetailsweresparseuntilsomeone14therewasaTVinanearbyoffice.ThePresidentfinallyenteredabout35minuteslaterand15hisbriefcomments."Thisisa16timeforAmerica"hebegan.Heorderedamassive17to"huntdownthefolks18committedthisact."MeanwhilethebombdogstookafewextrapassesthroughAirForceOneandanextrafighterescortwasadded.19thePresidenttoowasgoingtohavetrouble20home. 7
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text3 Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabour.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilieswhilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeopleandtherewasnotmuchopportunityformenorwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscenturymen’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed. Inthe1950seconomicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcaremenbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infactsomeyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.InadditionmanyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam. Intermsofnumbersthecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon"over-time"worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctorslawyersandteachersturned.awayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighbourhoods. Inthe1970sthefeministmovementorwomen’sliberationproducedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobssuchaspublicschoolteachingnursingandsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policeworkbankingdentistryandconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalworkandequalopportunitiesforpromotion. WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofParagraph1
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1themmofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1890s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople:Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniedthe16Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
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