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Changes of Museums (46) They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers...
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyareno
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyareno
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyar
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
AcausesofchangesBincreasingnumberofmuseumsandvisit
AcausesofchangesBincreasingnumberofmuseumsandvisit
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyareno
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
MuseumshavechangeD.Theyarenolongerplacesthatonesho
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyareno
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
MuseumshavechangeD.Theyarenolongerplacesthatonesho
??下面的短文后2项测试任务 1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个最佳的
AcausesofchangesBincreasingnumberofmuseumsandvisit
AcausesofchangesBincreasingnumberofmuseumsandvisit
ChangesofMuseums???46?Theyarenolongerplacesforthep
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyareno
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
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Wearerestrictedtoaspeedof30milesanhourinbuilt-upareas.
F.D.RooseveltWhenPresidentFrankinD.RooseveltcolapsedanddiedofastrokeinApril121945thenationwentintoastateofdepressionunknownsincethedeathofAbrahamLincoln.Roosevelthadbecomeinseparablylinkedwithaseriesofnationalcrises—inhiscasetheGreatDepressionandWorldWorldWarII.AndlikeLincolnRooseveltwasviewedasasavioramanwhohadredeemedhispeople.PutsimplyF.D.Rooseveltenjoyedtheelusivecharisma引起大众景仰的领袖soprizedbutpoliticians.Blessedwithenormousself-confidenceandaningratiatingpersonalityheinspiredtremendousloyaltyamongmostAmericans.TheylovedhimandputhimintheWhiteHouseonfourseparateoccasions193219361940and1944.ButlikeallcharismaticleadersRooseveltalsogeneratedtremendoushostilityinsomecirclesparticularlyincorporateboardroomandtheparlorsofthewell-to-do富人的会客厅.Theyviewedhimasatraitortohisclassapoliticiansoseducedbypower受权势__thatheposedathreattopropertyandthesocialorder.FranklinD.Rooseveltwasacomplicatedmanabelovedacquaintanceofthousandsbutanintimateofveryfew.Bonrichandraisedinpamperedsplendor优越受宠的环境heneverthelessledavirtualrevolutioninpublicpolicygivingethnicminoritieslaborunionsandpoorpeopletheirfirsttasteofinfluenceatfederallevel.AlthoughRooseveltinspiredalegionofintellectualstoinvesttheirenergiesinpublicservicehewasnotaninnovativethinkerhimself.Hepreferredthegive-andtakeofpoliticsandtheinherentexcitementofitsriskstotheintricatenutsandboltsofsocialandeconomicpolicy.HispublicoutwardcharacterwasoverwhelmingbuttherewasalsoaprivatesidetohislifethattheAmericanpeopleunderstoodonlysuperficially.DuringtheSummerof1921littlemorethanadecadebeforehebecamepresidentRooseveltcontractedpolioorinfantileparalysisadiseasethatcrippledhimfortherestofhislife.Franklinlikedcomplicatedsocialandeconomicpolicybetterthananythingelse.
ReinventingtheTableAnearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.46ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionandshowstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelementsthemselves.Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudentshesayscriss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.47Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensityhelpingtoexplainwhichionsreactwithwhich.Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelementssaysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge4849Heexplainsthatsulphurforexampleshowsupinthreedifferentspotsone-forsulphidewhichisfoundinmineralsoneforsulphiteandoneforsulphatewhichisfoundinseaslatforinstance.Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrientsandwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.50A.TherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.B.Railsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.C.Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.D.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.E.Andthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’scrust.F.Thetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
F.D.RooseveltWhenPresidentFrankinD.RooseveltcolapsedanddiedofastrokeinApril121945thenationwentintoastateofdepressionunknownsincethedeathofAbrahamLincoln.Roosevelthadbecomeinseparablylinkedwithaseriesofnationalcrises—inhiscasetheGreatDepressionandWorldWorldWarII.AndlikeLincolnRooseveltwasviewedasasavioramanwhohadredeemedhispeople.PutsimplyF.D.Rooseveltenjoyedtheelusivecharisma引起大众景仰的领袖soprizedbutpoliticians.Blessedwithenormousself-confidenceandaningratiatingpersonalityheinspiredtremendousloyaltyamongmostAmericans.TheylovedhimandputhimintheWhiteHouseonfourseparateoccasions193219361940and1944.ButlikeallcharismaticleadersRooseveltalsogeneratedtremendoushostilityinsomecirclesparticularlyincorporateboardroomandtheparlorsofthewell-to-do富人的会客厅.Theyviewedhimasatraitortohisclassapoliticiansoseducedbypower受权势__thatheposedathreattopropertyandthesocialorder.FranklinD.Rooseveltwasacomplicatedmanabelovedacquaintanceofthousandsbutanintimateofveryfew.Bonrichandraisedinpamperedsplendor优越受宠的环境heneverthelessledavirtualrevolutioninpublicpolicygivingethnicminoritieslaborunionsandpoorpeopletheirfirsttasteofinfluenceatfederallevel.AlthoughRooseveltinspiredalegionofintellectualstoinvesttheirenergiesinpublicservicehewasnotaninnovativethinkerhimself.Hepreferredthegive-andtakeofpoliticsandtheinherentexcitementofitsriskstotheintricatenutsandboltsofsocialandeconomicpolicy.HispublicoutwardcharacterwasoverwhelmingbuttherewasalsoaprivatesidetohislifethattheAmericanpeopleunderstoodonlysuperficially.DuringtheSummerof1921littlemorethanadecadebeforehebecamepresidentRooseveltcontractedpolioorinfantileparalysisadiseasethatcrippledhimfortherestofhislife.FranklinwaselectedPresidentforfourconsecutiveterms.
WaterPollutionThedemandforfreshwaterrisescontinuouslyastheworld’spopulationgrows.From1940to1990withdrawaloffreshwaterfromriverslakesreservoirsandothersourceshasincreasedfourfold.Ofthewaterconsumedeachyear69percentisusedforagriculture23percentforindustryand8percentfordomesticuses.Sewageindustrialwastesandagriculturalchemicalssuchasfertilizersandpesticidesarethemaincausesofwaterpollution.In1995theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPA.reportedthatabout37percentofthecountry’slakesandestuariesand36percentofitsriversaretoopollutedforbasicusessuchasfishingorswimmingduringallorpartoftheyear.Indevelopingnationsover95percentofurbansewageisdischargeduntreatedintoriversandbayscreatingamajorhumanhealthhazard.Waterrunoffcarriesfertilizingchemicalssuchasphosphatesandnitratesfromagriculturalfieldsandyardsintolakesstreamsandrivers.Thesecombinewiththephosphatesandnitratesfromsewagetospeedthegrowthofalgaeatypeofaquaticplant.Thewaterbodymaythenbecomechokedwithdecayingalgaewhichseverelydepletestheoxygensupply.Thisprocesscancausethedeathoffishandotheraquaticlife.Runoffalsocarriestoxicpesticidesandurbanandindustrialwastesintolakesandstreams.Erosionthewearingawayoftopsoilbywindandrainalsocontributestowaterpollution.Soilandsiltwashedfromloggedhillsidesplowedfieldsorconstructionsitescanclogwaterwaysandkillaquaticvegetation.Evensmallamountsofsiltcaneliminatedesirablefishspecies.Forexamplewhenloggingremovestheprotectiveplantcoverfromhillsidesrainmaywashsoilandsiltintostreamscoveringthegravelbedsthattroutorsalmonuseforspawning.Themarinefisheriessupportedbyoceanecosystemsareanessentialsourceofproteinparticularlyforpeopleindevelopingcountries;approximately950millionpeopleworldwideconsumefishastheirprimarysourceofprotein.Yetpollutionincoastalbaysestuariesandwetlandsthreatensfishstocksalreadydepletedbyoverfishing.In1989260000barrelsofoilwasspilledfromtheoiltankerExxonValdezintoAlaska’sPrinceWilliamSoundapristineandrichfishingground.In1992therewere8790reportedspillsinandaroundU.S.watersinvolving5.7millionliters1.5milliongallonsofoil.Waterrunoffcausesfishtodiepartlybecause______.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
Continuousshortbuzzesonthetelephoneindicatethatthelineisbusyafteryoudialthetelephonenumber.
Shecouldfixmachinewithoutreferringtotheinstructions.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
I’mSorryIWon’tApologizeAlmostdailynewsreportsincludeaccountsofpublicfiguresorheadsofcompaniesbeingforcedtosaythey’resorry.InarecentcaseMargeSchottmanagingpartneroftheCincinnatiRedsatfirstdidnotwanttoapologizeforherremarkthatHitlerwasgoodatthebeginningbuthejustwenttoofar.Underpressureshefinallysaidthatsheregrettedherremarksoffendedmanypeople.Predictably-andespeciallygivenherhistorywithsuchcomments-manywerenotsatisfiedwiththisresponseandsuccessfullylobbiedforherresignation.ThisparticularuseofI’msorryhasafamiliarring.TheotherdaymyhusbandsaidtomeI’msorryIhurtyourfeelings.Iknewhewasreallytrying.Hehaslearnedthroughouryearstogetherthatapologiesareimportanttome.ButhewasgrinningbecausehealsoknewthatI’msorryIhurtyourfeelingsleftopenthepossibility-indeedstronglysuggested-thatheregrettednotwhathedidbutmyemotionalreaction.Itsometimesseemsthathethinkstheearthwillopenupandswallowhimifheadmitsfault.Itmayappearthatinsistingsomeoneadmitfaultislikewantinghimtohumiliatehimself.ButIdon’tseeitthatwaysinceit’snobigdealformetosayImadeamistakeandapologize.Theproblemisthatitbecomesabigdealwhenbewon’t.ThisturnsouttobesimilartotheJapaneseview.FollowingafenderbenderaccordingtoaTimesarticletheJapanesetypicallygetoutoftheircarsandboweachclaimingresponsibility.IncontrastAmericansareinstructedbytheirinsurancecompaniestoavoidadmittingfault.WhenanAmericanlivinginJapandidjustthat-eventhoughheknewhewastoblame-theJapanesedriverwassoincensedbytheAmerican’sfailuretoshowcontritionthatbetookthehighlyunusualstepofsuinghim.TheJapanesedriverandIarenottheonlyoneswhoareoffendedwhensomeoneobviouslyatfaultdoesn’tjustlessupandapologize.Awomanwholivesinthecountrytoldmeofasimilarreaction.Onedayshegaveherhusbandsomethingtomailwhenhewentintotown.Thenextdaywhentheyleftthehousetogethershefoundherunmailedletterinthecar.HesaidOhIforgottomailyourletter.Shewasfurious-notbecausehehadforgottenbutbecausebedidn’tapologize.AccordingtothepassagewhatwouldJapanesedriversusuallydoafteracaraccident______.
A.SignificanceofTestingTechniquesforSamplingMicrobesintheDeepIceSheetB.SpecialFeaturesofLakeVidaC.LaterExpeditiononMarsD.2004RevisitPlannedforCollectingLakeWaterSpecimensE.AntarcticFrozenLifeSampledandRevivedF.AccidentalDiscoveryofIce-sealedLakeWaterinAntarcticaParagraph4______
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
I’mSorryIWon’tApologizeAlmostdailynewsreportsincludeaccountsofpublicfiguresorheadsofcompaniesbeingforcedtosaythey’resorry.InarecentcaseMargeSchottmanagingpartneroftheCincinnatiRedsatfirstdidnotwanttoapologizeforherremarkthatHitlerwasgoodatthebeginningbuthejustwenttoofar.Underpressureshefinallysaidthatsheregrettedherremarksoffendedmanypeople.Predictably-andespeciallygivenherhistorywithsuchcomments-manywerenotsatisfiedwiththisresponseandsuccessfullylobbiedforherresignation.ThisparticularuseofI’msorryhasafamiliarring.TheotherdaymyhusbandsaidtomeI’msorryIhurtyourfeelings.Iknewhewasreallytrying.Hehaslearnedthroughouryearstogetherthatapologiesareimportanttome.ButhewasgrinningbecausehealsoknewthatI’msorryIhurtyourfeelingsleftopenthepossibility-indeedstronglysuggested-thatheregrettednotwhathedidbutmyemotionalreaction.Itsometimesseemsthathethinkstheearthwillopenupandswallowhimifheadmitsfault.Itmayappearthatinsistingsomeoneadmitfaultislikewantinghimtohumiliatehimself.ButIdon’tseeitthatwaysinceit’snobigdealformetosayImadeamistakeandapologize.Theproblemisthatitbecomesabigdealwhenbewon’t.ThisturnsouttobesimilartotheJapaneseview.FollowingafenderbenderaccordingtoaTimesarticletheJapanesetypicallygetoutoftheircarsandboweachclaimingresponsibility.IncontrastAmericansareinstructedbytheirinsurancecompaniestoavoidadmittingfault.WhenanAmericanlivinginJapandidjustthat-eventhoughheknewhewastoblame-theJapanesedriverwassoincensedbytheAmerican’sfailuretoshowcontritionthatbetookthehighlyunusualstepofsuinghim.TheJapanesedriverandIarenottheonlyoneswhoareoffendedwhensomeoneobviouslyatfaultdoesn’tjustlessupandapologize.Awomanwholivesinthecountrytoldmeofasimilarreaction.Onedayshegaveherhusbandsomethingtomailwhenhewentintotown.Thenextdaywhentheyleftthehousetogethershefoundherunmailedletterinthecar.HesaidOhIforgottomailyourletter.Shewasfurious-notbecausehehadforgottenbutbecausebedidn’tapologize.Theauthorfelt______
TheMarketingMixMarketingisatotalsystemofbusinessactivitesdesignedtoplanpricepromoteanddistributewant-satisfyingproductstotargetmarketstoachieveorganizationalobjectives.Thisdefinitionimpliesthattheentiresystemofbusinessactivitiisshouldbecustomer-orientedandamarketingprogramshouldstartwithanideaaboutanewproductandshouldnotenduntilthecustomer’swantsarecompletelysatisfiedwhichmaybesometimeafterthesaleismade.Thecombinationofthefourprimaryelementsthatcompriseacompany’smarketingprogramistermedthemarketingmix.Thedesignimplementationandevaluationofthemarketingmixconstitutethebulkofafirm’smarketingeffort.Thefourelementsofthemarketingmixare.·Product—Managingtheproductingredientincludesplanninganddevelopingtherightgoodsand/orservicestobemarketedbythecompany.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededforchangingexistingproductsaddingnewonesandtakingotheractionsthataffecttheassortment分类ofproductscarried.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededregardingbrandingpackagingandvariousotherproductfeatures.·Price—Managementmustdeterminetherightbasepriceforitsproducts.Itmustthendecideonstrategiesconcerningdiscountsfreight货运paymentsandmanyotherprice-relatedfactors.·Distribution—Eventhoughmarketingintermediaries中介—primarilywholesalersandretailersarelargelyanoncontrollableenvironmentalfactoranexecutivehasconsiderablelatitudewhenworkingwiththem.Management’sresponsibilityistoselectandmanagethetradechannelsthroughwhichtheproductswillreachtherightmarketattherighttimeanddevelopadistributionsystemforphysicallyhandlingandtransportingtheproductsthroughthesechannels.·Promotion—Managementneedstoinformandpersuadethemarketregardingacompany’sproducts.Advertisingpersonalsellingsalespromotionandpublicityarethemajorpromotionalactivities.Thefouringredientsinthemarketingmixareinterrelated;decisionsinoneareausuallyaffectactionsintheothers.Eachofthefouralsocontainscountlessvariables.Acompanymaymarketoneitemorseveral—relatedorunrelated.Theitemmaybedistributedthroughwholesalersordirectlytoretailersandsoon.Ultimately最后fromthemultitudeofvariablesmanagementmustselectthecombinationthatwillbestadapttotheenvironmentsatisfytargetmarketsandstillmeetmarketingandorganizationalgoals.Whatarethetwowordsinthepassagewhicharethesynonymsofelementandmixwhichappearinthefirstsentenceoftheparagraph______.
TheMarketingMixMarketingisatotalsystemofbusinessactivitesdesignedtoplanpricepromoteanddistributewant-satisfyingproductstotargetmarketstoachieveorganizationalobjectives.Thisdefinitionimpliesthattheentiresystemofbusinessactivitiisshouldbecustomer-orientedandamarketingprogramshouldstartwithanideaaboutanewproductandshouldnotenduntilthecustomer’swantsarecompletelysatisfiedwhichmaybesometimeafterthesaleismade.Thecombinationofthefourprimaryelementsthatcompriseacompany’smarketingprogramistermedthemarketingmix.Thedesignimplementationandevaluationofthemarketingmixconstitutethebulkofafirm’smarketingeffort.Thefourelementsofthemarketingmixare.·Product—Managingtheproductingredientincludesplanninganddevelopingtherightgoodsand/orservicestobemarketedbythecompany.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededforchangingexistingproductsaddingnewonesandtakingotheractionsthataffecttheassortment分类ofproductscarried.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededregardingbrandingpackagingandvariousotherproductfeatures.·Price—Managementmustdeterminetherightbasepriceforitsproducts.Itmustthendecideonstrategiesconcerningdiscountsfreight货运paymentsandmanyotherprice-relatedfactors.·Distribution—Eventhoughmarketingintermediaries中介—primarilywholesalersandretailersarelargelyanoncontrollableenvironmentalfactoranexecutivehasconsiderablelatitudewhenworkingwiththem.Management’sresponsibilityistoselectandmanagethetradechannelsthroughwhichtheproductswillreachtherightmarketattherighttimeanddevelopadistributionsystemforphysicallyhandlingandtransportingtheproductsthroughthesechannels.·Promotion—Managementneedstoinformandpersuadethemarketregardingacompany’sproducts.Advertisingpersonalsellingsalespromotionandpublicityarethemajorpromotionalactivities.Thefouringredientsinthemarketingmixareinterrelated;decisionsinoneareausuallyaffectactionsintheothers.Eachofthefouralsocontainscountlessvariables.Acompanymaymarketoneitemorseveral—relatedorunrelated.Theitemmaybedistributedthroughwholesalersordirectlytoretailersandsoon.Ultimately最后fromthemultitudeofvariablesmanagementmustselectthecombinationthatwillbestadapttotheenvironmentsatisfytargetmarketsandstillmeetmarketingandorganizationalgoals.Personalsellingisnearestinmeaningtooneofthefollowing.______.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
Tomisstillfullofbeansat70.
Hisnovelwasadaptedforthestagein1949asamusicalplayentitledasSt.Louiswoman.
A.isfoundtobeagreatdealhigherthanthatofseawaterB.wasoflittlescientificvalueC.maybeolderthanthatcollectedbelow39feetoficeD.mighthavecomefromMarsE.istocollectsomebrinylakewaterforanalysisF.mayreturntolifesoonerthanmicrobesfrozeninthesurfaceiceWhatthescientistswilldoin2004______.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
TheMarketingMixMarketingisatotalsystemofbusinessactivitesdesignedtoplanpricepromoteanddistributewant-satisfyingproductstotargetmarketstoachieveorganizationalobjectives.Thisdefinitionimpliesthattheentiresystemofbusinessactivitiisshouldbecustomer-orientedandamarketingprogramshouldstartwithanideaaboutanewproductandshouldnotenduntilthecustomer’swantsarecompletelysatisfiedwhichmaybesometimeafterthesaleismade.Thecombinationofthefourprimaryelementsthatcompriseacompany’smarketingprogramistermedthemarketingmix.Thedesignimplementationandevaluationofthemarketingmixconstitutethebulkofafirm’smarketingeffort.Thefourelementsofthemarketingmixare.·Product—Managingtheproductingredientincludesplanninganddevelopingtherightgoodsand/orservicestobemarketedbythecompany.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededforchangingexistingproductsaddingnewonesandtakingotheractionsthataffecttheassortment分类ofproductscarried.Strategicdecisionsarealsoneededregardingbrandingpackagingandvariousotherproductfeatures.·Price—Managementmustdeterminetherightbasepriceforitsproducts.Itmustthendecideonstrategiesconcerningdiscountsfreight货运paymentsandmanyotherprice-relatedfactors.·Distribution—Eventhoughmarketingintermediaries中介—primarilywholesalersandretailersarelargelyanoncontrollableenvironmentalfactoranexecutivehasconsiderablelatitudewhenworkingwiththem.Management’sresponsibilityistoselectandmanagethetradechannelsthroughwhichtheproductswillreachtherightmarketattherighttimeanddevelopadistributionsystemforphysicallyhandlingandtransportingtheproductsthroughthesechannels.·Promotion—Managementneedstoinformandpersuadethemarketregardingacompany’sproducts.Advertisingpersonalsellingsalespromotionandpublicityarethemajorpromotionalactivities.Thefouringredientsinthemarketingmixareinterrelated;decisionsinoneareausuallyaffectactionsintheothers.Eachofthefouralsocontainscountlessvariables.Acompanymaymarketoneitemorseveral—relatedorunrelated.Theitemmaybedistributedthroughwholesalersordirectlytoretailersandsoon.Ultimately最后fromthemultitudeofvariablesmanagementmustselectthecombinationthatwillbestadapttotheenvironmentsatisfytargetmarketsandstillmeetmarketingandorganizationalgoals.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheintendedmeaningofthelastsentenceinthesecondparagraph______
ReinventingtheTableAnearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.46ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionandshowstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelementsthemselves.Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudentshesayscriss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.47Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensityhelpingtoexplainwhichionsreactwithwhich.Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelementssaysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge4849Heexplainsthatsulphurforexampleshowsupinthreedifferentspotsone-forsulphidewhichisfoundinmineralsoneforsulphiteandoneforsulphatewhichisfoundinseaslatforinstance.Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrientsandwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.50A.TherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.B.Railsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.C.Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.D.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.E.Andthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’scrust.F.Thetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.
WaterPollutionThedemandforfreshwaterrisescontinuouslyastheworld’spopulationgrows.From1940to1990withdrawaloffreshwaterfromriverslakesreservoirsandothersourceshasincreasedfourfold.Ofthewaterconsumedeachyear69percentisusedforagriculture23percentforindustryand8percentfordomesticuses.Sewageindustrialwastesandagriculturalchemicalssuchasfertilizersandpesticidesarethemaincausesofwaterpollution.In1995theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPA.reportedthatabout37percentofthecountry’slakesandestuariesand36percentofitsriversaretoopollutedforbasicusessuchasfishingorswimmingduringallorpartoftheyear.Indevelopingnationsover95percentofurbansewageisdischargeduntreatedintoriversandbayscreatingamajorhumanhealthhazard.Waterrunoffcarriesfertilizingchemicalssuchasphosphatesandnitratesfromagriculturalfieldsandyardsintolakesstreamsandrivers.Thesecombinewiththephosphatesandnitratesfromsewagetospeedthegrowthofalgaeatypeofaquaticplant.Thewaterbodymaythenbecomechokedwithdecayingalgaewhichseverelydepletestheoxygensupply.Thisprocesscancausethedeathoffishandotheraquaticlife.Runoffalsocarriestoxicpesticidesandurbanandindustrialwastesintolakesandstreams.Erosionthewearingawayoftopsoilbywindandrainalsocontributestowaterpollution.Soilandsiltwashedfromloggedhillsidesplowedfieldsorconstructionsitescanclogwaterwaysandkillaquaticvegetation.Evensmallamountsofsiltcaneliminatedesirablefishspecies.Forexamplewhenloggingremovestheprotectiveplantcoverfromhillsidesrainmaywashsoilandsiltintostreamscoveringthegravelbedsthattroutorsalmonuseforspawning.Themarinefisheriessupportedbyoceanecosystemsareanessentialsourceofproteinparticularlyforpeopleindevelopingcountries;approximately950millionpeopleworldwideconsumefishastheirprimarysourceofprotein.Yetpollutionincoastalbaysestuariesandwetlandsthreatensfishstocksalreadydepletedbyoverfishing.In1989260000barrelsofoilwasspilledfromtheoiltankerExxonValdezintoAlaska’sPrinceWilliamSoundapristineandrichfishingground.In1992therewere8790reportedspillsinandaroundU.S.watersinvolving5.7millionliters1.5milliongallonsofoil.Themainsubjectofthelastparagraphis______.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershave51anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection52suddendeathfromcardiacarrest.InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases53bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave54sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulininterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices56arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator57ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof58blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrendersofECGdata59Theoverwhelming60ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly61intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse62anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystemHagenKnafsays63changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased64600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow65thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter.
A.SignificanceofTestingTechniquesforSamplingMicrobesintheDeepIceSheetB.SpecialFeaturesofLakeVidaC.LaterExpeditiononMarsD.2004RevisitPlannedforCollectingLakeWaterSpecimensE.AntarcticFrozenLifeSampledandRevivedF.AccidentalDiscoveryofIce-sealedLakeWaterinAntarcticaParagraph2______
A.isfoundtobeagreatdealhigherthanthatofseawaterB.wasoflittlescientificvalueC.maybeolderthanthatcollectedbelow39feetoficeD.mighthavecomefromMarsE.istocollectsomebrinylakewaterforanalysisF.mayreturntolifesoonerthanmicrobesfrozeninthesurfaceiceScientistsignoredLakeVidabecausetheythoughtthatalakeofice______.
WaterPollutionThedemandforfreshwaterrisescontinuouslyastheworld’spopulationgrows.From1940to1990withdrawaloffreshwaterfromriverslakesreservoirsandothersourceshasincreasedfourfold.Ofthewaterconsumedeachyear69percentisusedforagriculture23percentforindustryand8percentfordomesticuses.Sewageindustrialwastesandagriculturalchemicalssuchasfertilizersandpesticidesarethemaincausesofwaterpollution.In1995theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPA.reportedthatabout37percentofthecountry’slakesandestuariesand36percentofitsriversaretoopollutedforbasicusessuchasfishingorswimmingduringallorpartoftheyear.Indevelopingnationsover95percentofurbansewageisdischargeduntreatedintoriversandbayscreatingamajorhumanhealthhazard.Waterrunoffcarriesfertilizingchemicalssuchasphosphatesandnitratesfromagriculturalfieldsandyardsintolakesstreamsandrivers.Thesecombinewiththephosphatesandnitratesfromsewagetospeedthegrowthofalgaeatypeofaquaticplant.Thewaterbodymaythenbecomechokedwithdecayingalgaewhichseverelydepletestheoxygensupply.Thisprocesscancausethedeathoffishandotheraquaticlife.Runoffalsocarriestoxicpesticidesandurbanandindustrialwastesintolakesandstreams.Erosionthewearingawayoftopsoilbywindandrainalsocontributestowaterpollution.Soilandsiltwashedfromloggedhillsidesplowedfieldsorconstructionsitescanclogwaterwaysandkillaquaticvegetation.Evensmallamountsofsiltcaneliminatedesirablefishspecies.Forexamplewhenloggingremovestheprotectiveplantcoverfromhillsidesrainmaywashsoilandsiltintostreamscoveringthegravelbedsthattroutorsalmonuseforspawning.Themarinefisheriessupportedbyoceanecosystemsareanessentialsourceofproteinparticularlyforpeopleindevelopingcountries;approximately950millionpeopleworldwideconsumefishastheirprimarysourceofprotein.Yetpollutionincoastalbaysestuariesandwetlandsthreatensfishstocksalreadydepletedbyoverfishing.In1989260000barrelsofoilwasspilledfromtheoiltankerExxonValdezintoAlaska’sPrinceWilliamSoundapristineandrichfishingground.In1992therewere8790reportedspillsinandaroundU.S.watersinvolving5.7millionliters1.5milliongallonsofoil.Accordingtothispassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofyearlywaterconsumption______
Icannolongertoleratehisactions.
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