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In some early attempts by psychologists to describe the basic learning process, the terms ’stimul...
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句型转换1.Whydon’tyouaskyourteacherforhelp?改为同义句______
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GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactorsincludinggeneticenvironmentalandlifestylecomponents.Manymediareportshowevercanteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoywecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.Clearlythisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon结肠.Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaintsincludingcirrhosis硬化.Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas黑素瘤.Alwaysthereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyleandgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsofhealthyfoodsincludingfibercarrotsbroccolietc.alsotendtodrinklessalcoholtakemoreexerciseavoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.Thereishoweveronethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoungevenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhichbyanycriteriaareclearlyhealthyones.Thissingleincontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.ComparingcancersurvivalratesthestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUSbutthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservicestargetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareasratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.AccordingtotheauthortoreducecancerdeathsinEnglandandWalesthegovernmentshould______.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
[A]Storytellersfromantiquityknewthepowerofstar-crossedromanceandsodidAudreyNiffenegger.Her2003bestsellerTheTimeTraveler’sWifeissoplangentataleoffatallovewithtwoadorablepeoplefightingtobeattheoddsagainstthem. [B]Henryyouseehasthegiftorcurseoftime-traveling:disappearingfromonetemporalandspatialrealitytopopupnakedinanother.Thisscience-fictiontropewillbefamiliartofansofTheTerminatorbutHenryisnoaction-fantasygod.He’sjustaguywhosebodyhasawanderlusthecan’tharness.That’swhyashetellsthebesottedClare"IneverwantedanythinginmylifethatIcouldn’tstandlosing."Ofcoursethey’redestinedtobeeachother’soneandonlyloves. [C]MyfriendandneighborthefilmmakerAlanWadehasaprovocativeexplanationforwhyTitanicstrucksuchastrongandreverberantchordwithhundredsofmillionsofmoviegoersespeciallywomen:theherodies.OKthatbreaksacardinalruleofmovieromance:thattheloverskisshappilyatthefinalfade-out.Mostexamplesofthegenreendwiththatrosyimageinpartbecausetheirmakersarereluctanttobumouttheiraudience. [D]HenryEricBanawhoworksinaChicagopubliclibraryisinthereadingroomwhenawomanhe’snevermetwalksuptohimandsaysdewily"I’velovedyouallmylife."She’sClareRachelMcAdamsayoungartistandinherpast--Henry’sfuture-hehasvisitedherandwonherundyingdevotion. [E]JamesCameronmusthavebeentemptedtoendhisfilmwithLeonardoDiCaprio’sJacksurvivingtheship’ssinkingandenjoyingalonglifewithKateWinslet’sRose. [F]Thatit’ssurprisingittooksixyearsforittogettothebigscreen.Maybeprospectiveproducerswerereluctanttobucktheprevailingwisdomofaconventionalhappyending.AnywayhereisthefilmversiondirectedbyRobertSchwentke.It’ssoppyenoughtosuittherequirementsoftheweepiegenreandthere’samusicscorethattriestocuealltheemotionsinviewersasifthey’reincapableoflocatingtheirownfeelings.Butthemoviealsohasanachingsoliditythatallowsyoutosurrendertoitscuddly-creepyfeelingswithouthatingyourselfinthemorning. [G]ButCameronrealizedthatbykillingoffJackhewasraisingthemovie’sstakesfromdomesticplatitudetoclassicromantictragedy.Jack’sdeathstampedbothfinalityandimmortalityonthelovers’shipboardtryst.Becauseheisgonetheirlovewillliveforever. Order:[*] 45
AssummerrollsaroundlawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It’snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens’jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironicgivenlastyear’smidrecessionminimumwageincreasewhichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummerUniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2009wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2007whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.It’shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there’snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit’slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentratesNeumarksays.Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilledhesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear’sincrease.Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinAprilcomparedwith9.9percentoverallaccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2007themonthbeforethestartoftherecessiontheunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percentversus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2007bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies.Thereasonsarediverse.ForonethingincreasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdeclineaccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute.Forteenstherehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollmentreportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetitionwhichisincreasinglyskilled.Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositionsbuttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaychecksaysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallengerGray&Christmas.WecaninferthatJohnChallenger’sattitudetowardsjob-huntingis______.
RigobertoPadilla21cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicagojoinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla’sstatuswasn’taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn’tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumberhesays.InJanuarytheUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor轻罪paidafineandgotcourtsupervisionbutthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings.Itwasonemistakeinmylifehesays.Padilla’simpendingdeportationcatapulted猛投himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakersstudentsmembersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthemandperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrantstoearnlegalstatussaysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcementICEagreedlastweektodelayPadilla’sdeportationforayearmakinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJuneaccordingtoDreamActivistoneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportationsaysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.IwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountryPadillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalfandRep.JanSchakowskyD-Ill.introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay.Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaderssheasks.Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere.Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrezDill.introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfinespassbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopmentReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryoungerafive-yearresidencyormoreandatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2001withoutsuccess.ThefundamentalreasonforPadilla’sdeportationdelayisthat______.
Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactorsincludinggeneticenvironmentalandlifestylecomponents.Manymediareportshowevercanteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoywecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.Clearlythisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon结肠.Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaintsincludingcirrhosis硬化.Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas黑素瘤.Alwaysthereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyleandgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsofhealthyfoodsincludingfibercarrotsbroccolietc.alsotendtodrinklessalcoholtakemoreexerciseavoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.Thereishoweveronethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoungevenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhichbyanycriteriaareclearlyhealthyones.Thissingleincontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.ComparingcancersurvivalratesthestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUSbutthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservicestargetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareasratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.Accordingtotheauthorfiberandbroccoliaretheso-calledhealthyfoodsbecause______.
Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.HerdarkhaircutinaseverepageboyAynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcapeadollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.MelodramaticyesbutRanddidn’thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivismherphilosophyofradicalindividualismlimitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand’slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovelsTheFountainheadandAtlasShruggedsoaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated严厉批评forfomenting引发therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebatetwoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMadebyAnneC.HellerDoubleday;592pagesisacomprehensivestudyinnovelisticdetailofRand’spersonallifeandGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRightbyJenniterBurnsOxford;369pagesleansmoreheavilyonRand’stheoriesandpolitics.FromherearliestyearsRandwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.PetersburgRandwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.HerfamilysuddenlypoorwasforcedtofleeandRand’shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewnameAynrhymeswithfinemadeherwaytoHollywoodwhereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactorFrankO’Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie’slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurnsBeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimisticwriting’Thecapitalistworldislowunprincipledandcorrupt.’Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe’noblestcleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall’.TheFountainheadanepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalueswasherbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700-pagebooktopressshebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine一种兴奋剂的名称tofuelherefforts.Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovelincludingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofswritesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.AynRand’sstandpointdoesNOTinclude______.
低碳也可促进经济 低碳经济是指温室气体排放量尽可能低的经济发展方式尤其要有效控制二氧化碳这一主要温室气体的排放在全球变暖的大背景下低碳经济受到越来越多国家的关注低碳经济以低能耗低排放低污染为基础其实质是提高能源利用效率和创建清洁能源结构核心是技术创新制度创新和发展观的改变发展低碳经济是一场涉及生产模式生活方式价值观念和国家权益的全球性革命 在即将于20日落幕的全国节能宣传周中低碳经济成了一个热门词汇低碳意味着环保彰显出我们应对气候变化的努力方向但它并不仅仅意味着减少使用化石燃料从国际经验来看低碳经济是一项系统工程低碳也可以促进经济 英国是全球低碳经济的积极倡导者和先行者在2003年的能源白皮书中英国首次以政府文件形式提出要创建低碳经济领先其他各国英国将发展低碳经济置于国家战略高度不仅是为了推动环保应对气候变化还希望通过发展应用和输出低碳技术来创造新的商机和就业机会在未来可能的低碳大产业中占据先机 以英国能源和气候变化部17日刚刚公布的“清洁煤炭”计划草案为例评估认为这一计划将在工程制造等领域提供3万到6万个就业岗位到2030年它对英国经济的贡献值将达到每年40亿英镑 其他发达国家在发展低碳经济上也不甘落后美国奥巴马政府将把发展绿色能源作为重要的经济刺激手段计划在10年内创造500万个新能源节能和清洁生产就业岗位日本的绿色经济与社会变革政策草案被认为可使日本环境领域的市场规模在2020年增长到120万亿日元1美元约合96日元 具体来说低碳目标最有可能在三个方面促进经济发展首先是加速太阳能风能等新能源产业的发展这是减少使用化石燃料从而减排二氧化碳等温室气体的治本之策目前世界新能源产业已具备相当规模并正得到各国持续追加的投资 其次是对传统产业的低碳化升级改造前述英国“清洁煤炭”计划便是针对煤电厂的技术改造计划要求煤电厂具有捕捉并储存二氧化碳的能力汽车产业中兴起的电动汽车生物能源汽车也是传统产业向低碳化发展的范例 最后全球碳交易市场本身也是一种新兴的经济活动根据联合国“清洁发展机制”等规定没有减排指标的发展中国家或减排工作做得较好的机构可以将碳排放配额拿到市场上交易碳交易已经有效帮助了许多发展中国家的经济发展 英国前首相布朗曾表示英国将力争用“低碳经济模式”帮助经济复苏在当前全球经济衰退的大背景下低碳经济将是科学而可持续发展的良好方向 我们也参与了上面提到的日本和英国的合作研究并进行了相应的针对中国低碳社会的研究这里的研究目标是在英国和日本等发达国家实现低碳社会理想的情况下发展中国家和发达国家共享技术和对策那么中国有可能迎接低碳未来这些技术或者政策有可能会晚些进入发展中国家但只是时间的问题 明年有关部门将对完成“十一五”节能目标有困难的地区加强督导确保节能减排设施的有效运行同时在全国范围内继续深入开展节能减排全民行动此外我国还将完善有关政策法规和标准促进节能减排积极推进十大重点节能工程全面实施节能产品惠民工程在做好财政补贴推广高效节能空调的基础上制定冰箱洗衣机平板电视燃气热水器电机等节能产品的财政补贴推广实施细则
[A]Storytellersfromantiquityknewthepowerofstar-crossedromanceandsodidAudreyNiffenegger.Her2003bestsellerTheTimeTraveler’sWifeissoplangentataleoffatallovewithtwoadorablepeoplefightingtobeattheoddsagainstthem. [B]Henryyouseehasthegiftorcurseoftime-traveling:disappearingfromonetemporalandspatialrealitytopopupnakedinanother.Thisscience-fictiontropewillbefamiliartofansofTheTerminatorbutHenryisnoaction-fantasygod.He’sjustaguywhosebodyhasawanderlusthecan’tharness.That’swhyashetellsthebesottedClare"IneverwantedanythinginmylifethatIcouldn’tstandlosing."Ofcoursethey’redestinedtobeeachother’soneandonlyloves. [C]MyfriendandneighborthefilmmakerAlanWadehasaprovocativeexplanationforwhyTitanicstrucksuchastrongandreverberantchordwithhundredsofmillionsofmoviegoersespeciallywomen:theherodies.OKthatbreaksacardinalruleofmovieromance:thattheloverskisshappilyatthefinalfade-out.Mostexamplesofthegenreendwiththatrosyimageinpartbecausetheirmakersarereluctanttobumouttheiraudience. [D]HenryEricBanawhoworksinaChicagopubliclibraryisinthereadingroomwhenawomanhe’snevermetwalksuptohimandsaysdewily"I’velovedyouallmylife."She’sClareRachelMcAdamsayoungartistandinherpast--Henry’sfuture-hehasvisitedherandwonherundyingdevotion. [E]JamesCameronmusthavebeentemptedtoendhisfilmwithLeonardoDiCaprio’sJacksurvivingtheship’ssinkingandenjoyingalonglifewithKateWinslet’sRose. [F]Thatit’ssurprisingittooksixyearsforittogettothebigscreen.Maybeprospectiveproducerswerereluctanttobucktheprevailingwisdomofaconventionalhappyending.AnywayhereisthefilmversiondirectedbyRobertSchwentke.It’ssoppyenoughtosuittherequirementsoftheweepiegenreandthere’samusicscorethattriestocuealltheemotionsinviewersasifthey’reincapableoflocatingtheirownfeelings.Butthemoviealsohasanachingsoliditythatallowsyoutosurrendertoitscuddly-creepyfeelingswithouthatingyourselfinthemorning. [G]ButCameronrealizedthatbykillingoffJackhewasraisingthemovie’sstakesfromdomesticplatitudetoclassicromantictragedy.Jack’sdeathstampedbothfinalityandimmortalityonthelovers’shipboardtryst.Becauseheisgonetheirlovewillliveforever. Order:[*] 41
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
AssummerrollsaroundlawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It’snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens’jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironicgivenlastyear’smidrecessionminimumwageincreasewhichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummerUniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2009wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2007whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.It’shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there’snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit’slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentratesNeumarksays.Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilledhesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear’sincrease.Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinAprilcomparedwith9.9percentoverallaccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2007themonthbeforethestartoftherecessiontheunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percentversus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2007bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies.Thereasonsarediverse.ForonethingincreasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdeclineaccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute.Forteenstherehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollmentreportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetitionwhichisincreasinglyskilled.Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositionsbuttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaychecksaysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallengerGray&Christmas.Themostimportantthingforjob-seekingteensis______.
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
AssummerrollsaroundlawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It’snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens’jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironicgivenlastyear’smidrecessionminimumwageincreasewhichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummerUniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2009wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2007whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.It’shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there’snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit’slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentratesNeumarksays.Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilledhesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear’sincrease.Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinAprilcomparedwith9.9percentoverallaccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2007themonthbeforethestartoftherecessiontheunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percentversus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2007bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies.Thereasonsarediverse.ForonethingincreasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdeclineaccordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute.Forteenstherehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollmentreportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetitionwhichisincreasinglyskilled.Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositionsbuttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaychecksaysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallengerGray&Christmas.ThewordwallopedLine3Paragraph1mostprobablymeans______.
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.HerdarkhaircutinaseverepageboyAynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcapeadollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.MelodramaticyesbutRanddidn’thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivismherphilosophyofradicalindividualismlimitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand’slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovelsTheFountainheadandAtlasShruggedsoaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated严厉批评forfomenting引发therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebatetwoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMadebyAnneC.HellerDoubleday;592pagesisacomprehensivestudyinnovelisticdetailofRand’spersonallifeandGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRightbyJenniterBurnsOxford;369pagesleansmoreheavilyonRand’stheoriesandpolitics.FromherearliestyearsRandwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.PetersburgRandwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.HerfamilysuddenlypoorwasforcedtofleeandRand’shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewnameAynrhymeswithfinemadeherwaytoHollywoodwhereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactorFrankO’Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie’slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurnsBeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimisticwriting’Thecapitalistworldislowunprincipledandcorrupt.’Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe’noblestcleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall’.TheFountainheadanepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalueswasherbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700-pagebooktopressshebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine一种兴奋剂的名称tofuelherefforts.Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovelincludingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofswritesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.WhatdowelearnaboutAynRand
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
[A]Storytellersfromantiquityknewthepowerofstar-crossedromanceandsodidAudreyNiffenegger.Her2003bestsellerTheTimeTraveler’sWifeissoplangentataleoffatallovewithtwoadorablepeoplefightingtobeattheoddsagainstthem. [B]Henryyouseehasthegiftorcurseoftime-traveling:disappearingfromonetemporalandspatialrealitytopopupnakedinanother.Thisscience-fictiontropewillbefamiliartofansofTheTerminatorbutHenryisnoaction-fantasygod.He’sjustaguywhosebodyhasawanderlusthecan’tharness.That’swhyashetellsthebesottedClare"IneverwantedanythinginmylifethatIcouldn’tstandlosing."Ofcoursethey’redestinedtobeeachother’soneandonlyloves. [C]MyfriendandneighborthefilmmakerAlanWadehasaprovocativeexplanationforwhyTitanicstrucksuchastrongandreverberantchordwithhundredsofmillionsofmoviegoersespeciallywomen:theherodies.OKthatbreaksacardinalruleofmovieromance:thattheloverskisshappilyatthefinalfade-out.Mostexamplesofthegenreendwiththatrosyimageinpartbecausetheirmakersarereluctanttobumouttheiraudience. [D]HenryEricBanawhoworksinaChicagopubliclibraryisinthereadingroomwhenawomanhe’snevermetwalksuptohimandsaysdewily"I’velovedyouallmylife."She’sClareRachelMcAdamsayoungartistandinherpast--Henry’sfuture-hehasvisitedherandwonherundyingdevotion. [E]JamesCameronmusthavebeentemptedtoendhisfilmwithLeonardoDiCaprio’sJacksurvivingtheship’ssinkingandenjoyingalonglifewithKateWinslet’sRose. [F]Thatit’ssurprisingittooksixyearsforittogettothebigscreen.Maybeprospectiveproducerswerereluctanttobucktheprevailingwisdomofaconventionalhappyending.AnywayhereisthefilmversiondirectedbyRobertSchwentke.It’ssoppyenoughtosuittherequirementsoftheweepiegenreandthere’samusicscorethattriestocuealltheemotionsinviewersasifthey’reincapableoflocatingtheirownfeelings.Butthemoviealsohasanachingsoliditythatallowsyoutosurrendertoitscuddly-creepyfeelingswithouthatingyourselfinthemorning. [G]ButCameronrealizedthatbykillingoffJackhewasraisingthemovie’sstakesfromdomesticplatitudetoclassicromantictragedy.Jack’sdeathstampedbothfinalityandimmortalityonthelovers’shipboardtryst.Becauseheisgonetheirlovewillliveforever. Order:[*] 43
GermanChancellorAngelaMerkelwonoverGermanvotersintheFederalElectiononSept.27.CanshenowbewonoverbyaFrenchcharmoffensive1atrepairingtherelationshipthatwasonceattheheartofEuropeThat’sthequestionbeingaskedinParis2topgovernmentofficialsare3talkingabouttheirdesiretorekindlecloserties4theirneighborsacrosstheRhine.5theendofWorldWarIItheFranco-GermanrelationshiphasbeenthemotorofEuropeanintegrationthe6forcebehindthecreationoftheEuropeanUnionandmorerecentlytheintroductionoftheeuro.Buttheardorhas7inthisdecadeparticularlyunderMerkelwhohasregularlystruggledto8herirritationwithFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy’sgrandstanding.Sarkozy9hasoftenbeenimpatientwithwhathe10Merkel’slackofresolve. Thesometimes11personalrapportisalongwayfromthepublicshowsofaffectiontheirpredecessorsstagedparticularlyHelmutKohlandFranCoisMitterrandwhomovinglyheld12in1984inaVerduncemetery.There’sbeentensionon13too.CharlesGrantdirectoroftheLondon-basedthinktankCentreforEuropeanReformpointsoutthatFranceandGermanyhavebeen14onissuesfromhowbesttoreflatetheireconomiesduringtheeconomic15tothesmarteststrategiesfordealingwithRussia. ButinfluentialmoversinFrancearenow16toputtherelationshipbackonafriendlierfooting.InarecentpaperFrenchthinktankInstituteMontaigne17anambitiousagendaforthetwonations18thatanewimpetusisneededifEurope’svoiceistobeheardinaworld19ofbignewplayerssuchasBrazilandIndiaandatatimewhenPresidentObamaseemsfaxmore20withChinaandtherestofAsiathanwithAmerica’straditionalalliesinEurope. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Whenlabratssleeptheirbrainsrevisitthemazetheynavigatedduringthedayaccordingtoanewstudy1yesterdayofferingsomeofthestrongestevidence2thatanimalsdoindeeddream.Experimentswithsleepingratsfoundthatcellsintheanimals’brainsfireinadistinctivepattern3thepatternthatoccurswhentheyare4andtryingtolearntheirwayaroundamaze. Basedontheresultstheresearchersconcludedtheratsweredreamingaboutthemaze5reviewingwhattheyhadlearnedwhileawaketo6thememories. Researchershavelongknownthatanimalsgo7thesametypesofsleepphasesthatpeopledoincludingrapid-eye-movementREMsleepwhichiswhenpeopledream.But8theoccasionaltwitchinggrowlingorbarkingthatanydogownerhas9inhisorhersleepingpetthere’sbeen10directevidencethatanimals11.Ifanimalsdreamitsuggeststheymighthavemore12mentalfunctionsthanhadbeen13. "Wehaveashumansfeltthatthis14ofmemory—ourabilitytorecallsequencesofexperiences—wassomethingthatwas15human"Wilsonsaid."Thefactthatweseethisinrodents16suggesttheycanevaluatetheirexperienceinasignificantway.Animalsmaybe17aboutmorethanwehadpreviouslyconsidered." Thefindingsalsoprovidenewsupportforaleadingtheoryfor18humanssleep—tosolidifynewlearning."Peoplearenowreallynailingdownthefactthatthebrainduringsleepis19itsactivityatleastforthetimeimmediatelybeforesleepandalmostundoubtedlyusingthatreviewto20orintegratethosememoriesintomoreusableforms"saidanassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactorsincludinggeneticenvironmentalandlifestylecomponents.Manymediareportshowevercanteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoywecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.Clearlythisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon结肠.Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaintsincludingcirrhosis硬化.Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas黑素瘤.Alwaysthereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyleandgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsofhealthyfoodsincludingfibercarrotsbroccolietc.alsotendtodrinklessalcoholtakemoreexerciseavoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.Thereishoweveronethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoungevenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhichbyanycriteriaareclearlyhealthyones.Thissingleincontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.ComparingcancersurvivalratesthestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUSbutthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservicestargetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareasratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhatarewelikelytoreadinmanymediareports
Whenworkersbecomemoreefficientit’snormallyagoodthing.Butlatelyithasactedasapowerfulbrakeonjobcreation.Andthequestionofwhethertherecentsurgeinproductivityhasrunitscourseisthekeytowhetherjobgrowthisfinallypoisedtotakeoff. Oneofthegreatsurprisesoftheeconomicdownturnthatbegan27monthsagoisthis..Businessesareproducingonly3percentfewergoodsandservicesthantheywereattheendof2007yetAmericansareworkingnearly10percentfewerhoursbecauseofamixoflayoffsandcutbacksintheworkweek. 46Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.Solongasemployerscansqueezedramaticallyhigheroutputfromeveryworkertheywon’tneedtohireagaindespitethegrowingeconomy. 47OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms. AstrongMarchjob-growthnumber-atatimewhentheeconomyisgrowingatonlyamiddlingpace--wouldsuggestthattheproductivityboomhaslargelyrunitscourse.48Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear. "Itisanepisodethatwe’regoingto--weeconomistsingeneral--aregoingtowanttounderstandbetterandlookatforalongtime"FederalReserveChairmanBenS.Bernankesaidatahearinglastweekinwhichhedescribedtheproductivitygainsas"extraordinary"andacknowledgedhehadnotforeseenthem. 49Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly.50Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector. Sowhat’shappeningAsbestasanyonecanguessthecrisisthatbeganin2007anddeepenedin2008causedbothbusinessesandworkerstopanic. OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms.
Whenworkersbecomemoreefficientit’snormallyagoodthing.Butlatelyithasactedasapowerfulbrakeonjobcreation.Andthequestionofwhethertherecentsurgeinproductivityhasrunitscourseisthekeytowhetherjobgrowthisfinallypoisedtotakeoff. Oneofthegreatsurprisesoftheeconomicdownturnthatbegan27monthsagoisthis..Businessesareproducingonly3percentfewergoodsandservicesthantheywereattheendof2007yetAmericansareworkingnearly10percentfewerhoursbecauseofamixoflayoffsandcutbacksintheworkweek. 46Thatmeanshigh-levelgainsinproductivity--whichinthelongrunisthekeytoahigherstandardoflivingbutintheshortruncontributestosky-highunemployment.Solongasemployerscansqueezedramaticallyhigheroutputfromeveryworkertheywon’tneedtohireagaindespitethegrowingeconomy. 47OnFridaytheLaborDepartmentwillreleaseacloselywatchedMarchemploymentreportexpectedtoshowthestrongestjobgrowthinthreeyearsdrivenbystabilizationintheeconomyandareboundfromFebruarysnowstorms. AstrongMarchjob-growthnumber-atatimewhentheeconomyisgrowingatonlyamiddlingpace--wouldsuggestthattheproductivityboomhaslargelyrunitscourse.48Regardlessthequestionofwhatcausedtheburstinworkers’efficiencyisoneofthegreatunansweredquestionsoftheexpansionandhashugestakesfortheeconomyoverthecomingyear. "Itisanepisodethatwe’regoingto--weeconomistsingeneral--aregoingtowanttounderstandbetterandlookatforalongtime"FederalReserveChairmanBenS.Bernankesaidatahearinglastweekinwhichhedescribedtheproductivitygainsas"extraordinary"andacknowledgedhehadnotforeseenthem. 49Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly.50Andthestructuralshiftsoccurringintheeconomyaresoprofoundthatonewouldexpectproductivitytobelowerratherthanhigheraspeopleneednewtrainingtoworkinpartsoftheeconomythataregrowingsuchasexportsandtheclean-energysector. Sowhat’shappeningAsbestasanyonecanguessthecrisisthatbeganin2007anddeepenedin2008causedbothbusinessesandworkerstopanic. Businesseshavecertainlynotbeeninvestinginnewequipmentthatmightenableworkerstobemoreefficient-capitalexpendituresplummetedduringtherecessionandarereboundingslowly
RigobertoPadilla21cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicagojoinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla’sstatuswasn’taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn’tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumberhesays.InJanuarytheUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor轻罪paidafineandgotcourtsupervisionbutthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings.Itwasonemistakeinmylifehesays.Padilla’simpendingdeportationcatapulted猛投himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakersstudentsmembersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthemandperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrantstoearnlegalstatussaysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcementICEagreedlastweektodelayPadilla’sdeportationforayearmakinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJuneaccordingtoDreamActivistoneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportationsaysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.IwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountryPadillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalfandRep.JanSchakowskyD-Ill.introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay.Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaderssheasks.Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere.Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrezDill.introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfinespassbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopmentReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryoungerafive-yearresidencyormoreandatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2001withoutsuccess.AccordingtothetextillegalimmigrantsintheUS______.
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