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寸口脉动者，因其______，假令肝旺色青，四时______。
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寸口脉沉滑面目肿大目窠上徽拥如蚕新卧起状颈脉动时时咳按其手足上陷不起者应为
皮水
__
正水
石水
灵枢·顺气一日分为四时对于五腧穴中经的描述是
病在脏者
病变于音者
病时间时甚者
病变于色者
故阴阳四时者万物之也也
素问·脉要精微论提出的诊脉纲要包括
诊法常以平旦
持脉有道，虚静为保
脉象主病规律
脉与四时相合
诊脉独取寸口
寸口脉动而弱动即为弱即为
灵枢·顺气一日分为四时对于五腧穴中荥的描述是
病在脏者
病变于音者
病时间时甚者
病变于色者
按金匮要略旨意假令时在春季下列各组色脉中哪项提示病情最严重
微赤脉数
色白脉毛
色青脉弦
色黄脉洪
色黑脉弦
寸口脉沉滑面目肿大目窠上徽拥如蚕新卧起状颈脉动时时咳按其手足上陷不起者应为
皮水
__
正水
石水
据素问•玉机真藏论诊治疾病时四易是指
形气相得
色泽以浮
色夭不泽
脉从四时
脉弱以滑
据素问*玉机真藏论所述四易的诊候包括
形气相得
色泽以浮
脉从四时
脉弱以滑
少阴脉动甚
中国古代较为系统地阐释地域和四时气候因素的差异将影响生物的生长与形态即所谓毛协四时色合五方的医学著作
《黄帝内经》
《伤寒杂病论》
《唐本草》
《本草纲目》
下列不属于天人相应的表现的是
四时与气血
四时与脏腑
四时与发病
四时与昼夜晨昏
昼夜晨昏与生命活动
译句1.山川之美古来共谈2.两岸石壁五色交辉3.青林翠竹四时俱备4.晓雾将歇猿鸟乱鸣夕日欲颓沉鳞竞跃
试据原文寸口脉动而弱分析惊与悸的病因病机及二者间相互关系
若夫日出而林霏开云归而岩穴暝晦明变化者山间之朝暮也山间之四时也朝而往暮而归四时之景不同而乐亦无穷也
中的诗句风霜高洁水落而石出者山间之四时也中四时是指春夏秋冬四个季节
灵枢·顺气一日分为四时对于五腧穴中输的描述是
病在脏者
病变于音者
病时间时甚者
病变于色者
据素问•玉机真藏论诊治疾病时四难是指
脉从四时
形气相失
色夭不泽
脉实以坚
脉逆四时
翻译文中划线的句子答谢中书书山川之美古来共谈高峰入云清流见底两岸石壁五色交辉青林翠竹四时具备晓雾将歇
肝木乘脾之面目见证
鼻头色青者
鼻头色微黑者
面色黄者
面色赤者
面色白者
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Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlatterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurichbasedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupsoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism—andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-year-oldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm. BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’Shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster. Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’StroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying. Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatterwhoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign-shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits＄625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing. Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatoprankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’Sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. TheviewsofMichaelRiehlandBerndSchiphorstonsportsscandalsare
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
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PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay. ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult."ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBush’steamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact. Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedhillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery. AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept.TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop." ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDePt.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. Whattheauthorwantstosuggestmaybebestinterpretedas
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.T hestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthcontinuestodecline.What’sthesolution InthemonthsbeforeMassachusettsInstituteoftechnologysophomoreElizabethShindiedshespokewithsevenpsychiatristsandonesocialworker.Thepsychiatristsdiagnosedmajordepression;thetherapistrecommendedhospitalization.Shintoldadeanthatshewascuttingherselfandletaprofessorknowthatshewantedtocommitsuicide.Thehousemasterofherdormandtwoofherfriendsstayedupnightstowatchher.Butitwasn’tenough.OnApril102000ElizabethShinlockedherdormroomdoorandsetherclothesonfire.Fourdayslatershewasdead. 41.Manycollegesarerunningintothornysituation. HerparentsKisukandChoHyunShinfiledsuitagainstMITchargingitsemployeeswithgrossnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.It’sanextremecasebutitillustratesaproblemfacingmanyotherschoolsasmoreandmorestudentslineupatcounselingcentersrequiringincreasinglyintensivetherapyormedication—orboth. 42.Studentswithsubstantialpersonalityproblems. Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985accordingtothenewestdatafromanannualnationwidesurveybytheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngeles. Reasonsforthedeclineofcollegestudents’mentalhealth Collegetherapistsciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamilyitisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougherstudentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblemswhointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeittocollegenowtakepsychotropicdrugsthathelpthemsucceed. 43.Thesoaringnumberofvisitorstocollegepsychiatrists. CollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvicesaysRobertGallagherauthorofthecounselingcentersurveyandformerdirectoroftheUniversityofPittsburghs’services.Aspsychologicalcounselingtookoverthecenters’otheradvisingfunctionswerepackedofftootherpartsofthecampus. 44.Inadequaciesofcollegetherapyservices. Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled."Youcan’tjustloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople"saysGallagher.Insteadcollegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises. 45.What’sthesolution Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.TheUniversityofSouthCarolinatheUniversityofNevada-RenoandTexasA&Mofferindepthseminarsonthetransitiontocollegethathelpstudentsgettoknowoneprofessorreallywell. SowheredoparentsfitinallthisInmanycasestheydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreinforcetheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebutthestudent.SodespitethoseheftytuitionchecksparentsliketheShinoftendon’tgetafullypictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike. Shindidnotwantherparentstoknowabouthermiseryandnoonetoldthemabouthercriesforhelpuntilaftershehadburnedherself.Herfatherbelievesheandhiswifecouldhavesavedher.Withhislawsuithesayshehopestoremindschoolsthatforeachstudent"Thereisafamily." [A]Buttodaytheoriginalcentersareswamped:Davidsonforonehasseena52percentincreaseinstudentvisitstoschooltherapistssincethe1992—93schoolyear. [B]TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt"overwhelmed"lastyearwhile22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.MeanwhileinthelatestNationalSurveyofCounselingCenterDirectors85percentofdirectorssurveyednotedanincreaseinseverepsychologicalflawsoverthepastfiveyears;30percentreportedatleastonestudentsuicideontheircampuslastyear. [C]"Ifastudenttellsyoushetookfiveextrapillsovertheweekend"saysGertrudeCarterdirectorofpsychologicalservicesatBenningtonCollegeinVermont"it’shardtotellifthat’sagrabforattentionoranactualthreat." [D]Newstatisticsshowthatmanyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametimecollegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheirchargesnotchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults. [E]InresponsetothetaskforcereportMITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysiciansotherhealth-careprofessionalsandexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedormssocializingwiththestudentsandkeepinganeyeonthem. [F]OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice."ItfeltlikethepersonIwastalkingtowasn’treallythere"hesays.Afterfivesessionshestoppedgoing."Iwouldn’twanttogothereagain"hesays"butwhatelseisthere" 43
张某被判处死刑缓期2年执行于2001年9月7日考验期满其服刑的监狱于当日报送了将张某的死缓减为无期徒刑的材料两天后即9月9日张某因同监舍的郑某无故辱骂他而将郑某打聋了对张某应该
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident’sdefensewaspathetic:Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfreetradethatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstrugglingandthatthereliefwasatemporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.OnereasonthatthisargumentisabsurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompanies"BigSteel"havereceivedvariousformsofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years. Insteadofencouragingtheindustrytorestructurethelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesandcostU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.KruegernowdeputymanagingdirectoroftheInternationalMonetaryFundsaidinareportonBigSteel:"TheAmericanBigSteelindustryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerofprotection....ItprovidesakeyanddisillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthegeneralpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup." Since1950sBigSteelhasbeenreluctanttomaketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.Itagreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.HencethecompanieshavedifficultyincompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowithtechnologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-millswhichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.LedbyNucorCor.thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales. TheprofitabilityofU.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelpriceswhichdespiteattemptsatprotectionbytheU.S.andothergovernmentsaredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.Thesepricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworldrecessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.AlthoughtheselowpricesareunfortunateforU.S.producerstheyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.ThelowpricesarealsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutofbusinessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen. InsteadofleavingormodernizingthedyingBigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.HoweveritishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducerswishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.Afteralltheextremecaseofdumpingisonewhereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthing AccordingtoAnneKruegerlong-termgovernmentprotectiongiventosteelcompanies
以下行为不适用我国刑法的是
某甲是间歇性精神病人某日某甲喝醉了酒把某酒店老板打成重伤在群众抓捕他时某甲因惊恐而精神病发作则某甲
对于犯组织领导参加__组织罪的行为人又实施爆炸犯罪的应当
卡车司机甲在行车途中被一吉普车超过甲顿生不快便加速超过该车不一会儿该车又超过了甲甲又加速超过该车当该车再一次试图超车行至甲车左侧时甲对坐在副座的乙说我要吓他一下看他还敢超我随即将方向盘向左边一打吉普车为躲避碰撞而翻下路基司机重伤另有一人死亡甲驾车逃离甲的行为构成
Directions: Fenghuaisoneofyourgoodfriendsandschoolmates.Hehasbeenaddictedtosmokingforalongtime.Duringalecturethisweekyoulearnedalotaboutgreatdangersinvolvedinheavysmokingandnowyoudecidetowritealettertohim.Yourlettershouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline: 1yourconcernabouthishealth 2andyouradviceandsuggestions. Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletteruse"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress.
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident’sdefensewaspathetic:Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfreetradethatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstrugglingandthatthereliefwasatemporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.OnereasonthatthisargumentisabsurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompanies"BigSteel"havereceivedvariousformsofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years. Insteadofencouragingtheindustrytorestructurethelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesandcostU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.KruegernowdeputymanagingdirectoroftheInternationalMonetaryFundsaidinareportonBigSteel:"TheAmericanBigSteelindustryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerofprotection....ItprovidesakeyanddisillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthegeneralpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup." Since1950sBigSteelhasbeenreluctanttomaketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.Itagreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.HencethecompanieshavedifficultyincompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowithtechnologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-millswhichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.LedbyNucorCor.thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales. TheprofitabilityofU.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelpriceswhichdespiteattemptsatprotectionbytheU.S.andothergovernmentsaredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.Thesepricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworldrecessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.AlthoughtheselowpricesareunfortunateforU.S.producerstheyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.ThelowpricesarealsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutofbusinessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen. InsteadofleavingormodernizingthedyingBigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.HoweveritishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducerswishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.Afteralltheextremecaseofdumpingisonewhereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthing WhichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofU.S.BigSteelaspointedoutinthetext
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.T hestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthcontinuestodecline.What’sthesolution InthemonthsbeforeMassachusettsInstituteoftechnologysophomoreElizabethShindiedshespokewithsevenpsychiatristsandonesocialworker.Thepsychiatristsdiagnosedmajordepression;thetherapistrecommendedhospitalization.Shintoldadeanthatshewascuttingherselfandletaprofessorknowthatshewantedtocommitsuicide.Thehousemasterofherdormandtwoofherfriendsstayedupnightstowatchher.Butitwasn’tenough.OnApril102000ElizabethShinlockedherdormroomdoorandsetherclothesonfire.Fourdayslatershewasdead. 41.Manycollegesarerunningintothornysituation. HerparentsKisukandChoHyunShinfiledsuitagainstMITchargingitsemployeeswithgrossnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.It’sanextremecasebutitillustratesaproblemfacingmanyotherschoolsasmoreandmorestudentslineupatcounselingcentersrequiringincreasinglyintensivetherapyormedication—orboth. 42.Studentswithsubstantialpersonalityproblems. Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985accordingtothenewestdatafromanannualnationwidesurveybytheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngeles. Reasonsforthedeclineofcollegestudents’mentalhealth Collegetherapistsciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamilyitisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougherstudentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblemswhointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeittocollegenowtakepsychotropicdrugsthathelpthemsucceed. 43.Thesoaringnumberofvisitorstocollegepsychiatrists. CollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvicesaysRobertGallagherauthorofthecounselingcentersurveyandformerdirectoroftheUniversityofPittsburghs’services.Aspsychologicalcounselingtookoverthecenters’otheradvisingfunctionswerepackedofftootherpartsofthecampus. 44.Inadequaciesofcollegetherapyservices. Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled."Youcan’tjustloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople"saysGallagher.Insteadcollegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises. 45.What’sthesolution Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.TheUniversityofSouthCarolinatheUniversityofNevada-RenoandTexasA&Mofferindepthseminarsonthetransitiontocollegethathelpstudentsgettoknowoneprofessorreallywell. SowheredoparentsfitinallthisInmanycasestheydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreinforcetheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebutthestudent.SodespitethoseheftytuitionchecksparentsliketheShinoftendon’tgetafullypictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike. Shindidnotwantherparentstoknowabouthermiseryandnoonetoldthemabouthercriesforhelpuntilaftershehadburnedherself.Herfatherbelievesheandhiswifecouldhavesavedher.Withhislawsuithesayshehopestoremindschoolsthatforeachstudent"Thereisafamily." [A]Buttodaytheoriginalcentersareswamped:Davidsonforonehasseena52percentincreaseinstudentvisitstoschooltherapistssincethe1992—93schoolyear. [B]TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt"overwhelmed"lastyearwhile22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.MeanwhileinthelatestNationalSurveyofCounselingCenterDirectors85percentofdirectorssurveyednotedanincreaseinseverepsychologicalflawsoverthepastfiveyears;30percentreportedatleastonestudentsuicideontheircampuslastyear. [C]"Ifastudenttellsyoushetookfiveextrapillsovertheweekend"saysGertrudeCarterdirectorofpsychologicalservicesatBenningtonCollegeinVermont"it’shardtotellifthat’sagrabforattentionoranactualthreat." [D]Newstatisticsshowthatmanyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametimecollegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheirchargesnotchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults. [E]InresponsetothetaskforcereportMITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysiciansotherhealth-careprofessionalsandexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedormssocializingwiththestudentsandkeepinganeyeonthem. [F]OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice."ItfeltlikethepersonIwastalkingtowasn’treallythere"hesays.Afterfivesessionshestoppedgoing."Iwouldn’twanttogothereagain"hesays"butwhatelseisthere" 41
PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay. ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult."ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBush’steamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact. Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedhillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery. AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept.TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop." ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDePt.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. ItseemsthatthePresidentinfaceofthepresentsituation
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’strans-Appalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
OnMar.14whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapantheBentonvilleArk.retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountlessotherforeigncompanieshavefailed.InthepastfiveyearsanumberoffamousWesternbrandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtoCatchoninJapanoneoftheworld’slargest—butmostvariable—consumermarkets. MayWal-MartmakeagoofitwhereothershavestumbledOnegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushinginblindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.ThatgivesWal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy—orrunfortheexits. ThequestioniswhetherWal-MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.Thisafterallisanationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers—whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapanslippedintoadecadelongslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost-cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingpricesAnalystsareunderstandablyskeptical."ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart’sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapan"Standard&Poor’ssaidinaMar.18report. MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsouttobeagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretailgroupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly’90s.ItalsohasdeeptiestotradinghouseSumitomoCorp.whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.PerhapsthebestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu’s400-oddstoresisthatthey’renotasdeeplytroubledasotherlocalretailers.Stillthere’sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures."We’veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricing"saysaSeiyuspokesman.AnotherpotentialproblemisSumitomowhichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextentthatWal-Martroutinelydoes. Theclockisticking.Wal-Martexecutivessaytheyneedseveralmonthsto"study"thedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonitbutinthemeantimeanewwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.IfWal-Martsucceedsitwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand—whoknows—itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S. ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.W hentheVikingsinvadedGreatBritaintheydidmorethanslaughterthepopulationransackthecitiesandscorchtheearth.TheyalsoleftsubstantialinfluenceontheEnglishlanguagewordslikeslaughterransackandscorch. 46NowasinglewordinanancientmanuscripthasledaU.S.linguisttoconcludethattheinfluenceoftheNorseontheEnglishlanguagemayhavecomeasmuchasacenturyearlierthanmostscholarshadthought.ThefindcamewhenEnglishprofessorJonathanEvansoftheUniversityofGeorgiawasreadingapassagetohisOldEnglishclassfromtheAnglo-SaxonChronicleandaNorsewordtheorajumpedoutathim. The1122textaccordingtogenerationsofscholarswassupposedtobetooearlytocontainevidenceofDanishinfluenceonOldEnglish.47ButthefactthatthetextusedtheNordicformof"their"ratherthantheOldEnglishhieraorheorasuggestedthatNorsemenandtheirEnglishhostswerenotonlylivingside-by-sideinEngland’sEastMidlandsbutalsowerein"frequentpeacefulcommunication"Evanscontends. "IthoughtIhadmadeamistake"whenhefirstsawthewordhesaid."Thereitwassittingthereinplainsight.NobodysawthisDanishwordsittingthere.IkeptitquietbecauseIthoughtImadeamistake." ButhewasurgedtoinvestigatebyavisitingDanishscholarHansNielsen.48SoEvansspentseveralyearspursuingahunchthataRomanCatholicmonkslippedintothelocaldialectwhilecopyingouttheancienthistoricalworkforhismonastery.IfsothatsuggeststoEvansthatNorseandWest-SaxondialectsofOldEnglishhadmingledsignificantlybythe12thcenturyifnotearlier. TheresultofEvans’researchisapaperrecentlypublishedinthejournalNorth-WesternEuropeanLanguageEvolution.49Hispaperputsforththetheorythatthemonk’suseoftheNorsewordisthefirstdatableexampleinEnglishofScandinavian-derivedpluralpronounsantecedentsofthemodernEnglishwordstheythemandtheir. 50"Thisisafootnoteinamuchmorewell-knownstory—thestoryofScandinavianborrowingsintheEnglishlanguage."saidEvanswhocanreadtextsinDanishFrenchOldEnglishandOldIcelandic."It’sgoingtobeinterestingtoseehowotherscholarsviewthisdiscoverybutIthinkI’vemademycaseforit." ButthefactthatthetextusedtheNordicformoftheirratherthantheOldEnglishhieraorheorasuggestedthatNorsemenandtheirEnglishhostswerenotonlylivingside-by-sideinEngland’sEastMidlandsbutalsowereinfrequentpeacefulcommunicationEvanscontends.
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident’sdefensewaspathetic:Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfreetradethatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstrugglingandthatthereliefwasatemporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.OnereasonthatthisargumentisabsurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompanies"BigSteel"havereceivedvariousformsofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years. Insteadofencouragingtheindustrytorestructurethelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesandcostU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.KruegernowdeputymanagingdirectoroftheInternationalMonetaryFundsaidinareportonBigSteel:"TheAmericanBigSteelindustryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerofprotection....ItprovidesakeyanddisillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthegeneralpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup." Since1950sBigSteelhasbeenreluctanttomaketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.Itagreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.HencethecompanieshavedifficultyincompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowithtechnologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-millswhichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.LedbyNucorCor.thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales. TheprofitabilityofU.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelpriceswhichdespiteattemptsatprotectionbytheU.S.andothergovernmentsaredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.Thesepricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworldrecessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.AlthoughtheselowpricesareunfortunateforU.S.producerstheyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.ThelowpricesarealsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutofbusinessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen. InsteadofleavingormodernizingthedyingBigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.HoweveritishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducerswishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.Afteralltheextremecaseofdumpingisonewhereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthing Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasureadoptedbythePresidentseemstobethatof
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.T hestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthcontinuestodecline.What’sthesolution InthemonthsbeforeMassachusettsInstituteoftechnologysophomoreElizabethShindiedshespokewithsevenpsychiatristsandonesocialworker.Thepsychiatristsdiagnosedmajordepression;thetherapistrecommendedhospitalization.Shintoldadeanthatshewascuttingherselfandletaprofessorknowthatshewantedtocommitsuicide.Thehousemasterofherdormandtwoofherfriendsstayedupnightstowatchher.Butitwasn’tenough.OnApril102000ElizabethShinlockedherdormroomdoorandsetherclothesonfire.Fourdayslatershewasdead. 41.Manycollegesarerunningintothornysituation. HerparentsKisukandChoHyunShinfiledsuitagainstMITchargingitsemployeeswithgrossnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.It’sanextremecasebutitillustratesaproblemfacingmanyotherschoolsasmoreandmorestudentslineupatcounselingcentersrequiringincreasinglyintensivetherapyormedication—orboth. 42.Studentswithsubstantialpersonalityproblems. Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985accordingtothenewestdatafromanannualnationwidesurveybytheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngeles. Reasonsforthedeclineofcollegestudents’mentalhealth Collegetherapistsciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamilyitisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougherstudentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblemswhointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeittocollegenowtakepsychotropicdrugsthathelpthemsucceed. 43.Thesoaringnumberofvisitorstocollegepsychiatrists. CollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvicesaysRobertGallagherauthorofthecounselingcentersurveyandformerdirectoroftheUniversityofPittsburghs’services.Aspsychologicalcounselingtookoverthecenters’otheradvisingfunctionswerepackedofftootherpartsofthecampus. 44.Inadequaciesofcollegetherapyservices. Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled."Youcan’tjustloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople"saysGallagher.Insteadcollegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises. 45.What’sthesolution Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.TheUniversityofSouthCarolinatheUniversityofNevada-RenoandTexasA&Mofferindepthseminarsonthetransitiontocollegethathelpstudentsgettoknowoneprofessorreallywell. SowheredoparentsfitinallthisInmanycasestheydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreinforcetheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebutthestudent.SodespitethoseheftytuitionchecksparentsliketheShinoftendon’tgetafullypictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike. Shindidnotwantherparentstoknowabouthermiseryandnoonetoldthemabouthercriesforhelpuntilaftershehadburnedherself.Herfatherbelievesheandhiswifecouldhavesavedher.Withhislawsuithesayshehopestoremindschoolsthatforeachstudent"Thereisafamily." [A]Buttodaytheoriginalcentersareswamped:Davidsonforonehasseena52percentincreaseinstudentvisitstoschooltherapistssincethe1992—93schoolyear. [B]TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt"overwhelmed"lastyearwhile22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.MeanwhileinthelatestNationalSurveyofCounselingCenterDirectors85percentofdirectorssurveyednotedanincreaseinseverepsychologicalflawsoverthepastfiveyears;30percentreportedatleastonestudentsuicideontheircampuslastyear. [C]"Ifastudenttellsyoushetookfiveextrapillsovertheweekend"saysGertrudeCarterdirectorofpsychologicalservicesatBenningtonCollegeinVermont"it’shardtotellifthat’sagrabforattentionoranactualthreat." [D]Newstatisticsshowthatmanyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametimecollegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheirchargesnotchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults. [E]InresponsetothetaskforcereportMITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysiciansotherhealth-careprofessionalsandexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedormssocializingwiththestudentsandkeepinganeyeonthem. [F]OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice."ItfeltlikethepersonIwastalkingtowasn’treallythere"hesays.Afterfivesessionshestoppedgoing."Iwouldn’twanttogothereagain"hesays"butwhatelseisthere" 45
OnMar.14whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapantheBentonvilleArk.retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountlessotherforeigncompanieshavefailed.InthepastfiveyearsanumberoffamousWesternbrandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtoCatchoninJapanoneoftheworld’slargest—butmostvariable—consumermarkets. MayWal-MartmakeagoofitwhereothershavestumbledOnegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushinginblindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.ThatgivesWal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy—orrunfortheexits. ThequestioniswhetherWal-MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.Thisafterallisanationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers—whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapanslippedintoadecadelongslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost-cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingpricesAnalystsareunderstandablyskeptical."ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart’sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapan"Standard&Poor’ssaidinaMar.18report. MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsouttobeagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretailgroupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly’90s.ItalsohasdeeptiestotradinghouseSumitomoCorp.whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.PerhapsthebestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu’s400-oddstoresisthatthey’renotasdeeplytroubledasotherlocalretailers.Stillthere’sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures."We’veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricing"saysaSeiyuspokesman.AnotherpotentialproblemisSumitomowhichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextentthatWal-Martroutinelydoes. Theclockisticking.Wal-Martexecutivessaytheyneedseveralmonthsto"study"thedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonitbutinthemeantimeanewwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.IfWal-Martsucceedsitwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand—whoknows—itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S. AsmentionedinthetextJapaneseconsumersaregenerally
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