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简述影响信度的因素。
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影响测量信度和效度的主要因素有哪些
沟通可信度的影响因素
影响速动比率可信度的重要因素之一是应收账款的变现能力
什么是测验的信度影响信度的主要因素有哪些
影响调查信度和效度的主要因素有哪些
简述影响观察信度的因素
影响速动比率可信度的重要因素之一是应收账款的变现能力
影响速动比率可信度的重要因素是应收账款的变现能力
影响保单演示可信度的基本因素包括保险公司以外的因素和保险公司内部因素对于保险价值的影响下列哪一项不属
死亡率
利率
报酬率
附加保费
简述影响观察信度的主要因素
影响速动比率可信度的重要因素是存货占总资产的比重
教育和心理测验中可能造成测量误差从而影响信度的因素大致有哪些
影响信度的因素有
主试
时间间隔
难度
测验的长度
下列选项中属于影响信度的因素的是
受试者因素
实施测试的场景
意外干扰因素
以上都是
影响区间估计质量的因素不包括
置信度
总体参数
样本量
对企业而言绩效考评的结果直接影响员工的薪酬乃至职务的升迁因此研究绩效管理的信度与效度至关重要请您说明
影响速动比率可信度的最重要因素是营业周期
试述影响观察信度的因素以及提高观察信度的措施
影响研究信度的因素主要有方面的因素主试方面的因素研究设计方面的因素和研究实施方面的因素
影响速动比率可信度的重要因素是公司偿债能力的声誉
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Directions: ThegraphsbelowshowthetypesofmusicalbumspurchasedbypeopleinBritainaccordingtosexandage. Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Inthelongperiodfrom1500to1800westernEuropean nation-stateswereallinfluencedbyasetofideasknownasmercantilism. 46Mercantilistdoctrineandinstitutionswereimportantbecausetheywere heldbypracticalbusinesspeopleandheadsofstatewhostronglyinfluenced publicpolicyandinstitutionalchange.Theprimaryaimof mercantilistswastoachievepowerandwealthforthestate.Togeneratean inflowofgoldorsilverthroughtradethevalueofexportsshouldexceedthe valueofimports.Andthestatecouldattaingreatpoweronlyifpoliticaland economicunitybecameafact.47Ifallthematerialsnecessarytofoster domesticindustrywerenotavailabletheycouldbestbeobtainedby establishingcoloniesorfriendlyforeigntradingpostsfromwhichsuchgoods couldbeimported.Andastrongmerchantmarinecouldcarryforeigngoods therebyhelpingtosecurefavorabletradebalances.48Mercantilists believedthatthesemeansofachievingnationalpowercouldbemadeeffectiveby thepassageandstrictenforcementoflegislationregulatingeconomic life.49AlmostassoonasVirginiatobaccobegantobe shippedincommercialquantitiestoEnglandKingJamesIleviedataxonit whileagreeingtoprohibitthegrowthofcompetingtobaccoinEngland. Taxesregulationandsubsidieswereallusedasmercantilepoliciesbutthe primaryonesthataffectedthecoloniesweretheNavigationActs. In1640sAmericanshadslippedintothehabitofshippingtheirgoods directlytocontinentalportsandtheDutchmadegreatinroadsintothe carryingtradeofthecolonies.AftertheRestorationEnglandwasina positiontoenforceastrictcommercialpolicybeginningwiththeNavigation Actsof1660and1663.Despitethecontinuedmodificationstotheseactsby policychangesitissufficienttonotethreeprimarycategoriesoftrade restriction:50Alltradeofthecolonieswastobecarried invesselsthatwereEnglishbuiltandownedcommandedbyanEnglishcaptain andmannedbyacrewofwhomthree-quarterswereEnglish. Allforeignmerchantswereexcludedfromdealingdirectlyinthecommerce oftheEnglishcolonies.Theycouldengageincolonialtradeonlythrough Englandandmerchantsresidentthere.Certaincommodities producedinthecoloniescouldbeexportedonlytoEnglandessentiallyany destinationwithintheEmpire.Theseenumeratedgoodsincludedsugar tobaccocottonindigogingerandsoon.
Text4 Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealth careTakealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatient carearebeingconnectedtooneanotherandhowthisnewconnectivityisbeing exploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemay be.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardized symptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasinglyhoweverremotediagnosis telemedicinewillbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient. AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelf PDApersonaldataassistancesuchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephoneitis perfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.With thiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkitthecryaskingwhethertherewasa doctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.Other medicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare. Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisaster response—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overallthetrendistowardsproviding globalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.Butthereisone problem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedical imagesaroundtheworld—CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers. Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduring disasterssuchasearthquakeswarsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowards boththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthe futureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.Doctorshavemetto discusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosistrainingandtelemedicine. Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunicationsthenewtechnologiesshould usherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformationexpert opinionanddiagnosisarecommon.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.
Text3 Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleoffers practicalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.Oneapplication ofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademic activities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspanssothelengthoftime theycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduled tolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.Howeveratthestartoftheschool yearattentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.Toapply Guthrie’stheoryateachermightatthestartoftheyearlimitactivitiesto 15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincrease thetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.The thresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.When childrenfirstlearntoformletterstheirmovementsareawkwardandtheylack finemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposely widesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlines isinitiallyintroducedstudents’etterswouldspilloverthebordersand studentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithin thelargerborderstheycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefine theirskills.Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhen discipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacross theroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroomgivethema largestackofpaperandtellhimtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthe studentshavemadeseveralairplanestheactivityshouldloseitsattraction andpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.Some studentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysical educationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethodtheteachermightdecidetohave thesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshas begun.Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwith studentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatible withtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofind interestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudents findthebooksenjoyablethemediacenterwillovertimebecomeacuefor selectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithother students.Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfall asleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhile lecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelements intoeachlessonsuchasexperimentsanddebatesinanattempttoinvolve studentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevisionpeopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewingpaintingworkingcrosswordpuzzlesandsoforth.OvertimewatchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Text4 Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealth careTakealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatient carearebeingconnectedtooneanotherandhowthisnewconnectivityisbeing exploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemay be.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardized symptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasinglyhoweverremotediagnosis telemedicinewillbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient. AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelf PDApersonaldataassistancesuchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephoneitis perfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.With thiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkitthecryaskingwhethertherewasa doctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.Other medicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare. Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisaster response—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overallthetrendistowardsproviding globalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.Butthereisone problem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedical imagesaroundtheworld—CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers. Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduring disasterssuchasearthquakeswarsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowards boththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthe futureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.Doctorshavemetto discusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosistrainingandtelemedicine. Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunicationsthenewtechnologiesshould usherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformationexpert opinionanddiagnosisarecommon.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Text3 Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleoffers practicalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.Oneapplication ofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademic activities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspanssothelengthoftime theycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduled tolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.Howeveratthestartoftheschool yearattentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.Toapply Guthrie’stheoryateachermightatthestartoftheyearlimitactivitiesto 15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincrease thetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.The thresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.When childrenfirstlearntoformletterstheirmovementsareawkwardandtheylack finemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposely widesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlines isinitiallyintroducedstudents’etterswouldspilloverthebordersand studentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithin thelargerborderstheycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefine theirskills.Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhen discipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacross theroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroomgivethema largestackofpaperandtellhimtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthe studentshavemadeseveralairplanestheactivityshouldloseitsattraction andpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.Some studentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysical educationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethodtheteachermightdecidetohave thesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshas begun.Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwith studentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatible withtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofind interestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudents findthebooksenjoyablethemediacenterwillovertimebecomeacuefor selectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithother students.Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfall asleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhile lecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelements intoeachlessonsuchasexperimentsanddebatesinanattempttoinvolve studentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor______.
Text2 Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and 1930overtenpercenttotheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStatesleftthe SouthwherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocatedand migratedtonorthernstateswiththelargestnumbermovingitisclaimed between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumedbutnotprovedthatthe majorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcame fromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapse ofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestationwhichbegan in1898andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationof EuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin 1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequent lackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackgroundabackground thatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrial skills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhas neverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigations documentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortothe GreatMigration.Noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedon tonortherncities.In1910over600000Blackworkersortenpercentofthe Blackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedinmanufacturingand mechanicalpursuitsthefederalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingthe entireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeup entirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoargue thatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomovebutanexplanationliesin thelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.About thirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedin skilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery-blacksmiths masonscarpenters-whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintradesbuttheywere graduallybeingpushedoutbycompetitionmechanizationandobsolescence.The remainingsixty-fivepercentmorerecentlyurbanizedworkedinnewlydeveloped industries—tobaccolumbercoalandironmanufactureandrailroads.Wagesin theSouthhoweverwerelowandBlackworkerswereawarethroughlabor recruitersandtheBlackpressthattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilled workersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll weevilinfestationurbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuing influxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkerswhoweredriventoundercutthe wagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenas advantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployedand theeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthto theirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Inthelongperiodfrom1500to1800westernEuropean nation-stateswereallinfluencedbyasetofideasknownasmercantilism. 46Mercantilistdoctrineandinstitutionswereimportantbecausetheywere heldbypracticalbusinesspeopleandheadsofstatewhostronglyinfluenced publicpolicyandinstitutionalchange.Theprimaryaimof mercantilistswastoachievepowerandwealthforthestate.Togeneratean inflowofgoldorsilverthroughtradethevalueofexportsshouldexceedthe valueofimports.Andthestatecouldattaingreatpoweronlyifpoliticaland economicunitybecameafact.47Ifallthematerialsnecessarytofoster domesticindustrywerenotavailabletheycouldbestbeobtainedby establishingcoloniesorfriendlyforeigntradingpostsfromwhichsuchgoods couldbeimported.Andastrongmerchantmarinecouldcarryforeigngoods therebyhelpingtosecurefavorabletradebalances.48Mercantilists believedthatthesemeansofachievingnationalpowercouldbemadeeffectiveby thepassageandstrictenforcementoflegislationregulatingeconomic life.49AlmostassoonasVirginiatobaccobegantobe shippedincommercialquantitiestoEnglandKingJamesIleviedataxonit whileagreeingtoprohibitthegrowthofcompetingtobaccoinEngland. Taxesregulationandsubsidieswereallusedasmercantilepoliciesbutthe primaryonesthataffectedthecoloniesweretheNavigationActs. In1640sAmericanshadslippedintothehabitofshippingtheirgoods directlytocontinentalportsandtheDutchmadegreatinroadsintothe carryingtradeofthecolonies.AftertheRestorationEnglandwasina positiontoenforceastrictcommercialpolicybeginningwiththeNavigation Actsof1660and1663.Despitethecontinuedmodificationstotheseactsby policychangesitissufficienttonotethreeprimarycategoriesoftrade restriction:50Alltradeofthecolonieswastobecarried invesselsthatwereEnglishbuiltandownedcommandedbyanEnglishcaptain andmannedbyacrewofwhomthree-quarterswereEnglish. Allforeignmerchantswereexcludedfromdealingdirectlyinthecommerce oftheEnglishcolonies.Theycouldengageincolonialtradeonlythrough Englandandmerchantsresidentthere.Certaincommodities producedinthecoloniescouldbeexportedonlytoEnglandessentiallyany destinationwithintheEmpire.Theseenumeratedgoodsincludedsugar tobaccocottonindigogingerandsoon.
Text2 Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and 1930overtenpercenttotheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStatesleftthe SouthwherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocatedand migratedtonorthernstateswiththelargestnumbermovingitisclaimed between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumedbutnotprovedthatthe majorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcame fromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapse ofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestationwhichbegan in1898andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationof EuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin 1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequent lackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackgroundabackground thatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrial skills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhas neverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigations documentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortothe GreatMigration.Noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedon tonortherncities.In1910over600000Blackworkersortenpercentofthe Blackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedinmanufacturingand mechanicalpursuitsthefederalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingthe entireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeup entirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoargue thatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomovebutanexplanationliesin thelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.About thirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedin skilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery-blacksmiths masonscarpenters-whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintradesbuttheywere graduallybeingpushedoutbycompetitionmechanizationandobsolescence.The remainingsixty-fivepercentmorerecentlyurbanizedworkedinnewlydeveloped industries—tobaccolumbercoalandironmanufactureandrailroads.Wagesin theSouthhoweverwerelowandBlackworkerswereawarethroughlabor recruitersandtheBlackpressthattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilled workersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll weevilinfestationurbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuing influxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkerswhoweredriventoundercutthe wagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenas advantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployedand theeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthto theirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation______
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 RealpolicemenbothBritainandthe UnitedStateshardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhatthey seeonTV—iftheyevergethomeintime.Therearesimilaritiesofcoursebut thecopsdon’tthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthat apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisin criminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidence canbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasa professionallawyerandwhatismorehehastoapplyitonhisfeetinthe darkandrainrunningdownanalleyaftersomeonehehastotalkto. Littleofhistimeisspentinchattingtoscantilycladladiesorin dramaticconfrontationswithdesperatecriminal.Hewillspendmostofhis workinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsof sadunimportantpeoplewhoareguilty—ornot—ofstupidpettycrimes. Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal;assoonashe’s arrestedthestoryisover.Inreallifefindingcriminalsisseldommuchofa problem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattacks—where failuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice—littleeffort isspentonsearching.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventually showsupmostwantedmen.Havingmadeanarrestadetective reallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoften hastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Muchofthishastobegivenby peoplewhodon’twanttogetinvolvedinacourtcase.Soaswellasbeing overworkedadetectivehastobeoutatallhoursofthedayandnight interviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthemusuallyagainsttheirownbest intereststohelphim.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedrama detectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwilightinwhichthereal onelives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:firstasmembersof apoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehavewithabsolutelegalitysecondlyas expensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdo both.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmall ways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworldtheworldoften deceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparation thedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythe simplemindedness—asheseesit—ofcitizenssocialworkersdoctorslaw makersandjudgeswhoinsteadofstampingoutcrimepunishthe criminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult detectivesfeelisthatninetenthsoftheirworkisreachingpeoplewhoshould havestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrather cynical.Theeverydaylifeofapolicemanordetectiveis______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ForexampletheUnitedStatesisamajorconsumerof coffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.Consequently theUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombia andGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.OntheotherhandtheUnited Stateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuch aschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.If nationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffee foreigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.Soinsteadof barterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnited Statesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.ItpaysforBraziliancoffee withdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichin turncanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromthe UnitedStates.[B]Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountry oftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.Althoughthe UnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduce internallyandthusmustimportsugar.[C]Foreigntradethe exchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.The firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatit needs.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.Largedepositsofcopper areminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumis recoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithin theirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem. [D]Intoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsare self-suffi-cient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;people havedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeand economicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinance andbankinghaveevolved.[E]Finallyforeigntradetakesplace becauseofinnovationorstyle.EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmore automobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfrom GermanyJapanandSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketfortheminthe UnitedStates.[F]Formostnationsexportsandimportsarethe mostimportantinternationalactivity.Whennationsexportmorethanthey importtheyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.Whentheyimport morethantheyexportanunfavorablebalanceoftradeexists.Nationstryto maintainafavorablebalanceoftradewhichassuresthemofthemeanstobuy necessaryimports.[G]Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsat alowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlarge quantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmore efficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuy thesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.Accordingtoeconomic theoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesa comparativeadvantage.Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthose countriesthathaveacomparativeadvantageinthedesireditems. Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Inthelongperiodfrom1500to1800westernEuropean nation-stateswereallinfluencedbyasetofideasknownasmercantilism. 46Mercantilistdoctrineandinstitutionswereimportantbecausetheywere heldbypracticalbusinesspeopleandheadsofstatewhostronglyinfluenced publicpolicyandinstitutionalchange.Theprimaryaimof mercantilistswastoachievepowerandwealthforthestate.Togeneratean inflowofgoldorsilverthroughtradethevalueofexportsshouldexceedthe valueofimports.Andthestatecouldattaingreatpoweronlyifpoliticaland economicunitybecameafact.47Ifallthematerialsnecessarytofoster domesticindustrywerenotavailabletheycouldbestbeobtainedby establishingcoloniesorfriendlyforeigntradingpostsfromwhichsuchgoods couldbeimported.Andastrongmerchantmarinecouldcarryforeigngoods therebyhelpingtosecurefavorabletradebalances.48Mercantilists believedthatthesemeansofachievingnationalpowercouldbemadeeffectiveby thepassageandstrictenforcementoflegislationregulatingeconomic life.49AlmostassoonasVirginiatobaccobegantobe shippedincommercialquantitiestoEnglandKingJamesIleviedataxonit whileagreeingtoprohibitthegrowthofcompetingtobaccoinEngland. Taxesregulationandsubsidieswereallusedasmercantilepoliciesbutthe primaryonesthataffectedthecoloniesweretheNavigationActs. In1640sAmericanshadslippedintothehabitofshippingtheirgoods directlytocontinentalportsandtheDutchmadegreatinroadsintothe carryingtradeofthecolonies.AftertheRestorationEnglandwasina positiontoenforceastrictcommercialpolicybeginningwiththeNavigation Actsof1660and1663.Despitethecontinuedmodificationstotheseactsby policychangesitissufficienttonotethreeprimarycategoriesoftrade restriction:50Alltradeofthecolonieswastobecarried invesselsthatwereEnglishbuiltandownedcommandedbyanEnglishcaptain andmannedbyacrewofwhomthree-quarterswereEnglish. Allforeignmerchantswereexcludedfromdealingdirectlyinthecommerce oftheEnglishcolonies.Theycouldengageincolonialtradeonlythrough Englandandmerchantsresidentthere.Certaincommodities producedinthecoloniescouldbeexportedonlytoEnglandessentiallyany destinationwithintheEmpire.Theseenumeratedgoodsincludedsugar tobaccocottonindigogingerandsoon.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ForexampletheUnitedStatesisamajorconsumerof coffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.Consequently theUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombia andGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.OntheotherhandtheUnited Stateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuch aschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.If nationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffee foreigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.Soinsteadof barterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnited Statesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.ItpaysforBraziliancoffee withdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichin turncanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromthe UnitedStates.[B]Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountry oftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.Althoughthe UnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduce internallyandthusmustimportsugar.[C]Foreigntradethe exchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.The firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatit needs.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.Largedepositsofcopper areminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumis recoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithin theirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem. [D]Intoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsare self-suffi-cient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;people havedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeand economicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinance andbankinghaveevolved.[E]Finallyforeigntradetakesplace becauseofinnovationorstyle.EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmore automobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfrom GermanyJapanandSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketfortheminthe UnitedStates.[F]Formostnationsexportsandimportsarethe mostimportantinternationalactivity.Whennationsexportmorethanthey importtheyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.Whentheyimport morethantheyexportanunfavorablebalanceoftradeexists.Nationstryto maintainafavorablebalanceoftradewhichassuresthemofthemeanstobuy necessaryimports.[G]Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsat alowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlarge quantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmore efficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuy thesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.Accordingtoeconomic theoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesa comparativeadvantage.Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthose countriesthathaveacomparativeadvantageinthedesireditems. Order:
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 RealpolicemenbothBritainandthe UnitedStateshardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhatthey seeonTV—iftheyevergethomeintime.Therearesimilaritiesofcoursebut thecopsdon’tthinkmuchofthem.Thefirstdifferenceisthat apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundthelaw.Mostofhistrainingisin criminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidence canbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasa professionallawyerandwhatismorehehastoapplyitonhisfeetinthe darkandrainrunningdownanalleyaftersomeonehehastotalkto. Littleofhistimeisspentinchattingtoscantilycladladiesorin dramaticconfrontationswithdesperatecriminal.Hewillspendmostofhis workinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsof sadunimportantpeoplewhoareguilty—ornot—ofstupidpettycrimes. Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal;assoonashe’s arrestedthestoryisover.Inreallifefindingcriminalsisseldommuchofa problem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattacks—where failuretoproduceresultsreflectsonthestandingofthepolice—littleeffort isspentonsearching.Thepolicehaveanelaboratemachinerywhicheventually showsupmostwantedmen.Havingmadeanarrestadetective reallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoften hastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Muchofthishastobegivenby peoplewhodon’twanttogetinvolvedinacourtcase.Soaswellasbeing overworkedadetectivehastobeoutatallhoursofthedayandnight interviewinghiswitnessesandpersuadingthemusuallyagainsttheirownbest intereststohelphim.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedrama detectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantmoraltwilightinwhichthereal onelives.Detectivesaresubjecttotwoopposingpressures:firstasmembersof apoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehavewithabsolutelegalitysecondlyas expensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdo both.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmall ways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworldtheworldoften deceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparation thedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythe simplemindedness—asheseesit—ofcitizenssocialworkersdoctorslaw makersandjudgeswhoinsteadofstampingoutcrimepunishthe criminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult detectivesfeelisthatninetenthsoftheirworkisreachingpeoplewhoshould havestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrather cynical.Therealdetectivelivesinanunpleasantmoraltwilightbecause______.
Text4 Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealth careTakealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatient carearebeingconnectedtooneanotherandhowthisnewconnectivityisbeing exploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemay be.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardized symptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasinglyhoweverremotediagnosis telemedicinewillbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient. AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelf PDApersonaldataassistancesuchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephoneitis perfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.With thiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkitthecryaskingwhethertherewasa doctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.Other medicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare. Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisaster response—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overallthetrendistowardsproviding globalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.Butthereisone problem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedical imagesaroundtheworld—CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers. Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduring disasterssuchasearthquakeswarsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowards boththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthe futureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.Doctorshavemetto discusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosistrainingandtelemedicine. Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunicationsthenewtechnologiesshould usherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformationexpert opinionanddiagnosisarecommon.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.
Text2 Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and 1930overtenpercenttotheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStatesleftthe SouthwherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocatedand migratedtonorthernstateswiththelargestnumbermovingitisclaimed between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumedbutnotprovedthatthe majorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcame fromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapse ofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestationwhichbegan in1898andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationof EuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin 1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequent lackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackgroundabackground thatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrial skills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhas neverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigations documentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortothe GreatMigration.Noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedon tonortherncities.In1910over600000Blackworkersortenpercentofthe Blackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedinmanufacturingand mechanicalpursuitsthefederalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingthe entireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeup entirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoargue thatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomovebutanexplanationliesin thelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.About thirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedin skilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery-blacksmiths masonscarpenters-whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintradesbuttheywere graduallybeingpushedoutbycompetitionmechanizationandobsolescence.The remainingsixty-fivepercentmorerecentlyurbanizedworkedinnewlydeveloped industries—tobaccolumbercoalandironmanufactureandrailroads.Wagesin theSouthhoweverwerelowandBlackworkerswereawarethroughlabor recruitersandtheBlackpressthattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilled workersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll weevilinfestationurbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuing influxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkerswhoweredriventoundercutthe wagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenas advantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployedand theeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthto theirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics______
为什么说唐律一准乎礼
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Forthepeoplewhohavenevertraveled acrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.Butforthepeoplewhocrossit frequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanotherandtheydo notmakethevoyageforthe1ofitsinterest.Mostofus arequitehappywhenwefeel2togotobedandpleased whenthejourney3OnthefirstnightthistimeIfelt especiallylazyandwenttobed4earlierthanusual.When I5mycabinIwassurprised6thatI wastohaveacompanionduringmytripwhichmademefeelalittleunhappy.I hadexpected7buttherewasasuitcase8 mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathe wouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumight meet9exceptthathewaswearing10 goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot11 whoeverhewasanddidnotsay12.AsIhad expectedhedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately. IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalready themiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered13aswell asIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata14 wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhad forgotten15thedoorsoIgotup16 thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwas comingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand17 themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.18 there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto19thedoor myself.Irealizedthatmycompanion20throughthewindow intothesea.
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