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Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an article on the waste of energy. In y...
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PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwri
Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwri
Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandw
PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandw
Directions: Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwri
Directions: Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwrite
Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandw
Directions:Youareplanningtostudyinaforeignuniversi
Directions:Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwritean
Directions:Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwrite
PartB Directions: Studythefollowingdrawingcareful
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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Text2 Animalstudiesareunderwayhuman trialprotocolsaretakingshapeanddrugmakersareonalert.Allthe internationalhealthcommunityneedsnowisahumanvaccineforthebirdflu pandemicsweepingaclusterofAsiancountries.Theracefora vaccinebeganafterthefirsthumancaseemergedinHongKongin1997.Backedby theWorldHealthOrganizationWHOthreeresearchteamsintheUSandUKare tryingtocreateaseedvirusforanewvaccine.Theirtaskisformidablebut researchersremainoptimistic.Thereareobstaclesbutmostoftheobstacles havebeentreatedsensiblysaysRichardWebbyavirologistatSt.Jude Children’sResearchHospitalinMemphisTennessee.Thebiggest challengeislikelytobetherapidlymutatingvirus.Candidatevaccines producedlastyearagainsttheH5N1virusareineffectiveagainstthisyear’s strain.Scientistswillhavetoconstantlymonitorthechangesandtrytotailor thevaccineasthevirusmutates.Theycan’twaittoseewhichonecomes next.TheurgencystemsfromfearsthatI-ISN1willcombinewith ahumanfluviruscreatingapathogen病原体thatcouldbetransmittedfrom persontoperson.Butifpeoplehavenoimmunitytothevirusthestrainmay notmutateasrapidlyinpeopleasitdoesinbirds.Toquickly generatethevaccineresearchersareusingreversegeneticswhichallowsthem toskipthelongprocessofsearchingthroughreassortedvirusesforthecorrect geneticcombination.Insteadscientistsclonesequencesfor hemagglutinin红血球凝聚素andneuraminidase神经氨酸苷酶thetwokeyproteinsinthe virus.Thesequencesarethencombinedwithhumaninfluenzagenestocreatea customizedreferencestrain.Becauseproductsdevelopedwith reversegeneticshaveneverbeentestedinhumansthecandidatevaccineswill firsthavetoclearregulatoryreview.InanticipationtheUSFoodandDrug AdministrationFDAandtheEuropeanAgencyfortheEvaluationofMedicinal ProductsEMEAarebothpreparingpandemicresponseplans.TheEMEAhas producedafist-tracklicensingprogramanindustrytaskforceanddetailed guidanceforpotentialapplicants.InEuropeareassortant influenzavirus--butnottheinactivatedvaccine--producedbyreverse geneticswouldbeconsideredageneticallymodifiedorganismandmanufacturers wouldneedapprovalfromtheirnationalorlocalsafetyauthorities.TheWHOhas preparedapreliminarybiosafetyriskassessmentofpilot-lotvaccinewhich couldhelpspeedupthereview.Apreliminaryversionoftheir protocolcallsforseveralhundredsubjectsbeginningwithagroupofyoung adultsandgraduallyexpandingtoincludethosemostsusceptibletotheflu-- childrenandtheelderly.IfwehadproductsaysLambertitwouldprobably beacoupleofmonthsattheearliestbeforewehaveearlydatainhealthy adults.Thevaccinegeneratedbyreversegeneticsisrequiredtoreviewinthat______.
Text4 WashingtonDChastraditionallybeen anunbalancedcitywhenitcomestothelifeofthemind.Ithasgreatnational monumentsfromtheSmithsonianmuseumstotheLibraryofCongress.But day-to-dayculturallifecanbethin.Itattractssomeofthecountry’sbest brains.Butfartoomuchofthecity’sintellectuallifeisdevotedtothe minutiaeofthepoliticalprocess.Dinnertableconversationcanalltooeasily turntobudgetreconciliationorsocialsecurity.Thisis changing.OnOctober1sttheShakespeareTheatreCompanyopeneda775-seatnew theatreintheheartofdowntown.SidneyHarmanhallnotonlyprovidesanew stageforatheatrecompanythathashithertohadtomakedowiththe450-seat LansburghTheatrearoundthecorner.Itwillalsoprovideaplatformformany smallerartscompanies.Thefactthatsomanyoftheseoutfits arequeuinguptoperformistestimonytoWashington’sculturalvitality.The recently-expandedKennedyCentreisbysomemeasuresthebusiestperformingarts complex.Butitstillhasagrowingnumberofartsgroupswhicharedesperate formid-sizedspacedown-town.MichaelKahnthetheatrecompany’sartistic directorjokesthatdespiteWashington’saversion厌恶tokeepingsecretsit hasmadeaprettygoodjobofkeepingquietaboutitsartisticlife.TheHarman Centreshouldactasawhistleblower.Washingtonstill bowsthekneetoNewYorkandChicagowhenitcomestoculture.Butithasa goodclaimtobeAmerica’sintellectualcapital.Ithasthegreatestcollection ofthink-tanksontheplanetanditregularlysucksinagiantshareofthe country’sbestbrains.WashingtonissecondonlytoSanFranciscoforthe proportionofresidentstwenty-fiveyearsandolderwithabachelor’sdegreeor higher.Washington’sintellectuallifehasbeensupercharged duringtheBushyearsdespitetheDecider’saversiontoideas.September11th 2001putquestionsofglobalstrategyatthecenterofthenationaldebate. MostofAmerica’sintellectualcentersarefirmlyinthegripofthe left-liberalestablishment.ForalltheirtalkofdiversityAmerican universitiesareallergictoadiversityofideas.Washingtonisoneofthefew citieswhereconservativesregularlydobattlewithliberals.Itisalsothe centerofafiercedebateaboutthefuturedirectionofconservatism. ThedangerforWashingtonisthatthisintellectualandcultural renaissancewillleavethemajorityofthecitizensuntouched.Thecapital remainsacitydeeplydividedbetweenover-educatedwhiteitinerantsandunder- educatedblacklocals.StillthenewShakespearetheatreispartof job-generatingdowntownrevival.Twentyyearsagodowntownwasadesertof dilapidated破旧的buildingsandbagpeople.Todayitisbustlingwithlife.If Washingtonisstrugglingtofixtheworldatleastitismakingareasonable joboffixingitself.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext
Text2 Animalstudiesareunderwayhuman trialprotocolsaretakingshapeanddrugmakersareonalert.Allthe internationalhealthcommunityneedsnowisahumanvaccineforthebirdflu pandemicsweepingaclusterofAsiancountries.Theracefora vaccinebeganafterthefirsthumancaseemergedinHongKongin1997.Backedby theWorldHealthOrganizationWHOthreeresearchteamsintheUSandUKare tryingtocreateaseedvirusforanewvaccine.Theirtaskisformidablebut researchersremainoptimistic.Thereareobstaclesbutmostoftheobstacles havebeentreatedsensiblysaysRichardWebbyavirologistatSt.Jude Children’sResearchHospitalinMemphisTennessee.Thebiggest challengeislikelytobetherapidlymutatingvirus.Candidatevaccines producedlastyearagainsttheH5N1virusareineffectiveagainstthisyear’s strain.Scientistswillhavetoconstantlymonitorthechangesandtrytotailor thevaccineasthevirusmutates.Theycan’twaittoseewhichonecomes next.TheurgencystemsfromfearsthatI-ISN1willcombinewith ahumanfluviruscreatingapathogen病原体thatcouldbetransmittedfrom persontoperson.Butifpeoplehavenoimmunitytothevirusthestrainmay notmutateasrapidlyinpeopleasitdoesinbirds.Toquickly generatethevaccineresearchersareusingreversegeneticswhichallowsthem toskipthelongprocessofsearchingthroughreassortedvirusesforthecorrect geneticcombination.Insteadscientistsclonesequencesfor hemagglutinin红血球凝聚素andneuraminidase神经氨酸苷酶thetwokeyproteinsinthe virus.Thesequencesarethencombinedwithhumaninfluenzagenestocreatea customizedreferencestrain.Becauseproductsdevelopedwith reversegeneticshaveneverbeentestedinhumansthecandidatevaccineswill firsthavetoclearregulatoryreview.InanticipationtheUSFoodandDrug AdministrationFDAandtheEuropeanAgencyfortheEvaluationofMedicinal ProductsEMEAarebothpreparingpandemicresponseplans.TheEMEAhas producedafist-tracklicensingprogramanindustrytaskforceanddetailed guidanceforpotentialapplicants.InEuropeareassortant influenzavirus--butnottheinactivatedvaccine--producedbyreverse geneticswouldbeconsideredageneticallymodifiedorganismandmanufacturers wouldneedapprovalfromtheirnationalorlocalsafetyauthorities.TheWHOhas preparedapreliminarybiosafetyriskassessmentofpilot-lotvaccinewhich couldhelpspeedupthereview.Apreliminaryversionoftheir protocolcallsforseveralhundredsubjectsbeginningwithagroupofyoung adultsandgraduallyexpandingtoincludethosemostsusceptibletotheflu-- childrenandtheelderly.IfwehadproductsaysLambertitwouldprobably beacoupleofmonthsattheearliestbeforewehaveearlydatainhealthy adults.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewlydevelopedbirdfluvaccine
Text3 Peoplecangetemotionalabout immigration.BillO’Reillyatalk-showhostdevotedarecentsegmenttothe storyofanillegalalienwhogotdrunkandaccidentallykilledtwoattractive whitegirlswithhiscar.Ifonlyhehadbeendeportedforprevious misdemeanoursMr.O’Reillyragedthosegirlswouldstillbealive. Anothertalk-showhostGeraldoRiveraduringanon-airshout-joust争吵with Mr.O’Reillydenouncedhisdemagogicchoiceofstory-angleasa sin.PresidentGeorgeBushtriedagainthisweektobringa morerationaltonetothedebate.HeurgedthenewDemocraticCongresstorevive theimmigrationreformsthattheoldRepublicanCongresskilledlastyear.His proposalwasbroadlythesameasbefore.Hesaidhewantedtomakeitharderto enterAmericaillegallybuteasiertodosolegallyandtoofferapathto citizenshipfortheestimated12millegalswhohavealreadysnuckin. Thefirstpartfacesfewpoliticalhurdlesandisalreadywellunderway. Mr.BushexpectstohavedoubledthenumberofBorderPatrolagentsbytheend ofnextyear.Thenewrecruitsarebeingtrained.Andtodefendagainstthe invadinglegionsofwould-begardenersandhotelcleanersthefrontierisalso equippedwithhigh-techmilitarygizmos小发明suchasunmannedspyplaneswith infra-red红外cameras.Thismaybehavingsomeeffect.Mr.Bushboastedthatthe numberofpeoplecaughtsneakingovertheborderhadfallenbynearly30%this year.AndthecontroversialpartofMr.Bush’simmigration package--allowingmoreimmigrantsinandofferingthosealreadyinAmericaa chancetobecomelegal--isstilljustaplan.HouseRepublicanssquashedit lastyear.Mr.BushsensesasecondchancewiththenewDemocraticCongressbut DemocratslikeRepublicansaresplitontheissue.SomenotablyTedKennedy thinkAmericashouldembracehard-workingmigrants.Othersfretthat hard-workingmigrantswillundercutthewagesofthenative-born. Mr.Bushwouldliketoseethepro-immigrantwingsofbothpartieswork togethertogivehimabillhecansign.TheSenateisexpectedtosqueezeina debatenextmonth.Theadministrationistryingtoenticelaw-and-order Republicansonboard;arecentleakedmemotalkedofsubstantialfinesfor illegalsbeforetheycanbecomelegalandmuchbiggerfinesforemployerswho hirethembeforetheydo.Thebiggesthurdlehowevermaybe theDemocrats’reluctancetoco-operatewithMr.Bush.Somefigurethatrather thanlettingtheirhatedadversarysharethecreditforfixingtheimmigration systemtheyshouldstalluntilaDemocratisintheWhiteHouseandthentake itall.Sothereisaselfishaswellasamoralargumentformakinga deal.AccordingtothetextMr.Bush’splanwasopposedby______.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizethese paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Etofillin eachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouin Boxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.It producesfibrewhichcanbemadeintopaperfueloilstextilesfoodand rope.Formanycenturiesitwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountries becauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonial expansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothave beenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadaysships’cablesareusuallymadefrom’wire orsyntheticfibresbutscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationof hempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoits proponentsfourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghemprather thantressandmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivation ofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.[B]MuchofCanada’s forestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.Accordingtothe CanadianPulpandPaperAssociationCanadasupplies34%oftheworld’swood pulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproduced insomeotherwayCanadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recentlyapossible alternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsand environmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.[C]Inrecentyearstwomajor movementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Onegroupofactivists believesthatALLcannabisshouldbelegal--boththehempplantandthe marijuanaplant--andthattheuseofthedragmarijuanashouldnotbean offense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictiveandthatitis usedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersof society.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholor tobacco.[D]Howeverthereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountries oftheworld.Thisplantsousefulforfibreropeoilfuelandtextilesis aspeciesofcannabisrelatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanais produced.[E]Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehemp plantusedtoproducefibre;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatethe plantandsellthefibreforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphas hadamajortriumphrecently:in1997Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempfor fibre.Forthefirsttimesince1938hundredsoffarmersareplantingthis cropandsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnew source.[F]Inthelate1930samovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabeganto gatherforceresultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyof theplantusedtoproducethedrugbutalsoofthecommercialfibre-producing hempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempin largequantitiesontheirownlandanyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywould soonfindhimselfinprison--despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproduced fromthehempplantsinceitcontainsalmostnoTHCtheactiveingredientin thedrug.[G]Everysecond1hectareoftheworld’srainforestis destroyed.That’sequivalenttotwofootballfields.AnareathesizeofNew YorkCityislosteveryday.Inayearthataddsupto31millionhectares-- morethanthelandareaofPoland.Thisalarmingrateofdestructionhasserious consequencesfortheenvironment;scientistsestimateforexamplethat137 speciesofplantinsectoranimalbecomeextincteverydayduetologging.In BritishColumbiawheresince1990thirteenrainforestvalleyshavebeen clear-cut142speciesofsalmonhavealreadybecomeextinctandthehabitats ofgrizzlybearswolvesandmanyothercreaturesarethreatened.Logging howeverprovidesjobsprofitstaxesforthegovernmentandcheapproductsof allkindsforconsumerssothegovernmentisreluctanttorestrictorcontrol it.
Text3 Peoplecangetemotionalabout immigration.BillO’Reillyatalk-showhostdevotedarecentsegmenttothe storyofanillegalalienwhogotdrunkandaccidentallykilledtwoattractive whitegirlswithhiscar.Ifonlyhehadbeendeportedforprevious misdemeanoursMr.O’Reillyragedthosegirlswouldstillbealive. Anothertalk-showhostGeraldoRiveraduringanon-airshout-joust争吵with Mr.O’Reillydenouncedhisdemagogicchoiceofstory-angleasa sin.PresidentGeorgeBushtriedagainthisweektobringa morerationaltonetothedebate.HeurgedthenewDemocraticCongresstorevive theimmigrationreformsthattheoldRepublicanCongresskilledlastyear.His proposalwasbroadlythesameasbefore.Hesaidhewantedtomakeitharderto enterAmericaillegallybuteasiertodosolegallyandtoofferapathto citizenshipfortheestimated12millegalswhohavealreadysnuckin. Thefirstpartfacesfewpoliticalhurdlesandisalreadywellunderway. Mr.BushexpectstohavedoubledthenumberofBorderPatrolagentsbytheend ofnextyear.Thenewrecruitsarebeingtrained.Andtodefendagainstthe invadinglegionsofwould-begardenersandhotelcleanersthefrontierisalso equippedwithhigh-techmilitarygizmos小发明suchasunmannedspyplaneswith infra-red红外cameras.Thismaybehavingsomeeffect.Mr.Bushboastedthatthe numberofpeoplecaughtsneakingovertheborderhadfallenbynearly30%this year.AndthecontroversialpartofMr.Bush’simmigration package--allowingmoreimmigrantsinandofferingthosealreadyinAmericaa chancetobecomelegal--isstilljustaplan.HouseRepublicanssquashedit lastyear.Mr.BushsensesasecondchancewiththenewDemocraticCongressbut DemocratslikeRepublicansaresplitontheissue.SomenotablyTedKennedy thinkAmericashouldembracehard-workingmigrants.Othersfretthat hard-workingmigrantswillundercutthewagesofthenative-born. Mr.Bushwouldliketoseethepro-immigrantwingsofbothpartieswork togethertogivehimabillhecansign.TheSenateisexpectedtosqueezeina debatenextmonth.Theadministrationistryingtoenticelaw-and-order Republicansonboard;arecentleakedmemotalkedofsubstantialfinesfor illegalsbeforetheycanbecomelegalandmuchbiggerfinesforemployerswho hirethembeforetheydo.Thebiggesthurdlehowevermaybe theDemocrats’reluctancetoco-operatewithMr.Bush.Somefigurethatrather thanlettingtheirhatedadversarysharethecreditforfixingtheimmigration systemtheyshouldstalluntilaDemocratisintheWhiteHouseandthentake itall.Sothereisaselfishaswellasamoralargumentformakinga deal.WhichofthefollowingisproposedbyMr.Bush
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. NowadaystheAmericansfrequentlyreadnewspaperarticles aboutviolentcrimesseeragesofinhumanityontheeveningnewsandhear soundbitesontheradiodescribingcrueltyandintolerance.46Weworry particularlyabouttheeffectsonourchildrenofourownsocietyasociety thatislesssafeandlesshospitablethantheoneweexperiencedaschildren growingupduringthe1950’sand1960’s.47Inmany schooldistrictsthroughoutAmericathereisalreadycompellingevidencethat adolescentshavebeenaffectednegativelybychangingsocialconditions includingbywhatmanyAmericanbelievetobeadeclineofbasichuman values.Parentsandteachersmustcontendoftenwithadolescentaggression profanityanddisrespect.Somestudentsdisplayantagonisticattitudesand behaveinappropriately.Somestudentsareinsensitiveandunkindtotheir classmatesdiscourteoustoadultsandquicktoexpresstheirangerbyraising theirvoicesorusingprofanity.Itistheresponsibilityof parentstoteachtheirchildrentobepolitecourteousandforbearing.48 Itisoneofparents’mostfundamentalresponsibilitiestoimparttotheir childrenthevaluesofintegritydecencyandrespectforothers;teachersand schooladministratorsshouldneverbecomehoweverethicalbystanders.If wewishtorealizeoureducationalphilosophynotonlytoeducateourstudents butalsotoencouragethemtoaccepttheinnateworthofeveryhumanbeingwe mustnotsurrendertheidealofmaintainingamoralcommunityatourschool whereallpeoplehaveanobligationtobepoliteandtolerantofindividual differences.49Someindividualsbelievethatschool personnelshouldnotinterferewiththebehaviorofstudentsunlessitis directlyrelatedtolearningoraffectsthesafetyofindividualswhoareinside theschoolbuildingorsomewhereoncampus.Butgoodteachersand administratorsdoteachvalues--notpersonalprivatevaluesbutcommonvalues ofcourtesymutualrespectpersistenceresponsibilityand self-reliance.50Ideallyeducatorsaffirming socially-responsiblevaluestaughtathomebyparentsanddemandingappropriate vocabularyandgoodmannersfromtheirstudentsshouldhavebeenvaluedas competentandsuccessfuleducators.Theyshouldremindthestudentsof sayingpleaseandthankyouandremindthemofnotinterruptingwhenothers arespeaking.Itisverymuchtheresponsibilityofteachersandadministrators topromoteourschool’straditionsofproperbehaviorandgoodsportsmanship. Thereforeschooleducatorsshouldbejudgedbythemoralandethicalclimateof theirschool.Alltheacademicimprovementsoftheschoolnotwithstandingno teachersshouldbeconsideredsuccessfuleducatorsunlesstheirstudents graduatednotonlyassuccessfullearnersbutalsoasladiesand gentlemen.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thispastacademicyear146NewYork Citykidsfrom4to14dutifullyattendedRosalynChao’sMandarinclassatSt. Patrick’sOldCathedralAcademy.Manyofthestudentswerefirst-generation Americans;forseveralMandarinwouldbetheirthirdlanguageafterEnglish andSpanish.Getusedtothispicture;aroundtheworldmore adultsandkidsarelearningChinese.Beijingispouringmoneyintonew ConfuciusInstitutesChineselanguageandculturecentersandtwoU.S. senatorsrecentlyproposedspending$1.3billiononChinese-languageprograms overthenextfiveyears.FromUlanBatortoChicagoitsometimesseemsasif everyoneistryingtolearnthelanguagenowspokenbyafifthoftheworld’s population.Theirreasoningiseasytounderstand.Chinais boomingandcitizensaroundtheglobewantapieceoftheaction.Speaking MandarincanfacilitatecommunicationwithnewlywealthyChinesetouristsor smoothbilateraltraderelations.Inaformofintenseculturaldiplomacy Beijingisalsopromotingitsfilmsmusicartandlanguageasneverbefore. FrontandcenteraretheConfuciusInstitutesmodeledontheBritishCouncil Germany’sGoetheInstitutesortheAllianceFrancaise.China’sMinistryof Educationissendingthousandsoflanguageinstructorstoforeignprogramsand invitingforeignstudentsfromAsiaAfricaandelsewheretostudyinits universities.AsaresultBeijingpredictsthat100million individualswillbestudyingMandarinasasecondlanguagebytheendofthe decade.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationannouncedearlierthisyearthatit hopestohave5percentofallelementarysecondaryandcollegestudents enrolledinMandarinstudiesby2010.TheChineseboomhasn’t escapedcriticismhowever.Foronethingthelanguageishardwithmorethan 2500charactersgenerallyemployedindailywritingandacomplextonal speakingsystem.Thenthere’sthedangerthatotherimportantlanguagessuchas RussianorJapanesewillbeneglected;forexampletherearenow10timesmore studentslearningMandarinthanJapaneseintheUnitedStates.Andother countriesfearagrowingencroachment侵蚀ofChinesepower;someAfricanshave complainedaboutBeijing’sneocolonialist新殖民主义attitudesforexampleand thiscouldbreedresentmentagainstConfuciusInstitutesontheir soil.YetmostMandarinstudentslikethoseatSt.Pat’s aren’tlettingsuchconcernsdissuadethem.Mandarinrepresentsanewwayof thinking.Chaosaysthatwemustbeginpreparingourstudentsforthe interconnectedworld.AccordinglyshehasencouragedherMandarinstudentsto correspondwithpenpalsinShanghai.ChaosaysthatinreadingtheChinese students’letterswelearnedquicklythatAmericanstudentsarefarbehind theirAsiancounterparts.IftheyhopetocatchuptotheirChinese competitorsherstudents--likethegrowinglegionsofMandarinpupilsaround theglobe--aregoingtohavetostudyhard indeed.MoreandmorepeopleintheworldlearnMandarinmainlybecause______.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thispastacademicyear146NewYork Citykidsfrom4to14dutifullyattendedRosalynChao’sMandarinclassatSt. Patrick’sOldCathedralAcademy.Manyofthestudentswerefirst-generation Americans;forseveralMandarinwouldbetheirthirdlanguageafterEnglish andSpanish.Getusedtothispicture;aroundtheworldmore adultsandkidsarelearningChinese.Beijingispouringmoneyintonew ConfuciusInstitutesChineselanguageandculturecentersandtwoU.S. senatorsrecentlyproposedspending$1.3billiononChinese-languageprograms overthenextfiveyears.FromUlanBatortoChicagoitsometimesseemsasif everyoneistryingtolearnthelanguagenowspokenbyafifthoftheworld’s population.Theirreasoningiseasytounderstand.Chinais boomingandcitizensaroundtheglobewantapieceoftheaction.Speaking MandarincanfacilitatecommunicationwithnewlywealthyChinesetouristsor smoothbilateraltraderelations.Inaformofintenseculturaldiplomacy Beijingisalsopromotingitsfilmsmusicartandlanguageasneverbefore. FrontandcenteraretheConfuciusInstitutesmodeledontheBritishCouncil Germany’sGoetheInstitutesortheAllianceFrancaise.China’sMinistryof Educationissendingthousandsoflanguageinstructorstoforeignprogramsand invitingforeignstudentsfromAsiaAfricaandelsewheretostudyinits universities.AsaresultBeijingpredictsthat100million individualswillbestudyingMandarinasasecondlanguagebytheendofthe decade.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationannouncedearlierthisyearthatit hopestohave5percentofallelementarysecondaryandcollegestudents enrolledinMandarinstudiesby2010.TheChineseboomhasn’t escapedcriticismhowever.Foronethingthelanguageishardwithmorethan 2500charactersgenerallyemployedindailywritingandacomplextonal speakingsystem.Thenthere’sthedangerthatotherimportantlanguagessuchas RussianorJapanesewillbeneglected;forexampletherearenow10timesmore studentslearningMandarinthanJapaneseintheUnitedStates.Andother countriesfearagrowingencroachment侵蚀ofChinesepower;someAfricanshave complainedaboutBeijing’sneocolonialist新殖民主义attitudesforexampleand thiscouldbreedresentmentagainstConfuciusInstitutesontheir soil.YetmostMandarinstudentslikethoseatSt.Pat’s aren’tlettingsuchconcernsdissuadethem.Mandarinrepresentsanewwayof thinking.Chaosaysthatwemustbeginpreparingourstudentsforthe interconnectedworld.AccordinglyshehasencouragedherMandarinstudentsto correspondwithpenpalsinShanghai.ChaosaysthatinreadingtheChinese students’letterswelearnedquicklythatAmericanstudentsarefarbehind theirAsiancounterparts.IftheyhopetocatchuptotheirChinese competitorsherstudents--likethegrowinglegionsofMandarinpupilsaround theglobe--aregoingtohavetostudyhard indeed.AccordingtothetextsomepeoplelayblameonChineseboominthat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions: Writeanessayof160--200wordsbasedonthefollowing.Inyouressayyoushould 1describethepicturebriefly 2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen 3supportyourviewwithanexample/examples. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
喻昌用人参败毒散治时疫初起并因外邪陷里的气虚外感是使陷里之邪还从表出而愈称其为逆流挽舟之法
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
试将安宫牛黄丸至宝丹紫雪丹三方的功用及适应证候作一简单比较
Text2 Animalstudiesareunderwayhuman trialprotocolsaretakingshapeanddrugmakersareonalert.Allthe internationalhealthcommunityneedsnowisahumanvaccineforthebirdflu pandemicsweepingaclusterofAsiancountries.Theracefora vaccinebeganafterthefirsthumancaseemergedinHongKongin1997.Backedby theWorldHealthOrganizationWHOthreeresearchteamsintheUSandUKare tryingtocreateaseedvirusforanewvaccine.Theirtaskisformidablebut researchersremainoptimistic.Thereareobstaclesbutmostoftheobstacles havebeentreatedsensiblysaysRichardWebbyavirologistatSt.Jude Children’sResearchHospitalinMemphisTennessee.Thebiggest challengeislikelytobetherapidlymutatingvirus.Candidatevaccines producedlastyearagainsttheH5N1virusareineffectiveagainstthisyear’s strain.Scientistswillhavetoconstantlymonitorthechangesandtrytotailor thevaccineasthevirusmutates.Theycan’twaittoseewhichonecomes next.TheurgencystemsfromfearsthatI-ISN1willcombinewith ahumanfluviruscreatingapathogen病原体thatcouldbetransmittedfrom persontoperson.Butifpeoplehavenoimmunitytothevirusthestrainmay notmutateasrapidlyinpeopleasitdoesinbirds.Toquickly generatethevaccineresearchersareusingreversegeneticswhichallowsthem toskipthelongprocessofsearchingthroughreassortedvirusesforthecorrect geneticcombination.Insteadscientistsclonesequencesfor hemagglutinin红血球凝聚素andneuraminidase神经氨酸苷酶thetwokeyproteinsinthe virus.Thesequencesarethencombinedwithhumaninfluenzagenestocreatea customizedreferencestrain.Becauseproductsdevelopedwith reversegeneticshaveneverbeentestedinhumansthecandidatevaccineswill firsthavetoclearregulatoryreview.InanticipationtheUSFoodandDrug AdministrationFDAandtheEuropeanAgencyfortheEvaluationofMedicinal ProductsEMEAarebothpreparingpandemicresponseplans.TheEMEAhas producedafist-tracklicensingprogramanindustrytaskforceanddetailed guidanceforpotentialapplicants.InEuropeareassortant influenzavirus--butnottheinactivatedvaccine--producedbyreverse geneticswouldbeconsideredageneticallymodifiedorganismandmanufacturers wouldneedapprovalfromtheirnationalorlocalsafetyauthorities.TheWHOhas preparedapreliminarybiosafetyriskassessmentofpilot-lotvaccinewhich couldhelpspeedupthereview.Apreliminaryversionoftheir protocolcallsforseveralhundredsubjectsbeginningwithagroupofyoung adultsandgraduallyexpandingtoincludethosemostsusceptibletotheflu-- childrenandtheelderly.IfwehadproductsaysLambertitwouldprobably beacoupleofmonthsattheearliestbeforewehaveearlydatainhealthy adults.WecaninferfromParagraph2thatfacingthetoughtasktheresearchersofWHO______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. NowadaystheAmericansfrequentlyreadnewspaperarticles aboutviolentcrimesseeragesofinhumanityontheeveningnewsandhear soundbitesontheradiodescribingcrueltyandintolerance.46Weworry particularlyabouttheeffectsonourchildrenofourownsocietyasociety thatislesssafeandlesshospitablethantheoneweexperiencedaschildren growingupduringthe1950’sand1960’s.47Inmany schooldistrictsthroughoutAmericathereisalreadycompellingevidencethat adolescentshavebeenaffectednegativelybychangingsocialconditions includingbywhatmanyAmericanbelievetobeadeclineofbasichuman values.Parentsandteachersmustcontendoftenwithadolescentaggression profanityanddisrespect.Somestudentsdisplayantagonisticattitudesand behaveinappropriately.Somestudentsareinsensitiveandunkindtotheir classmatesdiscourteoustoadultsandquicktoexpresstheirangerbyraising theirvoicesorusingprofanity.Itistheresponsibilityof parentstoteachtheirchildrentobepolitecourteousandforbearing.48 Itisoneofparents’mostfundamentalresponsibilitiestoimparttotheir childrenthevaluesofintegritydecencyandrespectforothers;teachersand schooladministratorsshouldneverbecomehoweverethicalbystanders.If wewishtorealizeoureducationalphilosophynotonlytoeducateourstudents butalsotoencouragethemtoaccepttheinnateworthofeveryhumanbeingwe mustnotsurrendertheidealofmaintainingamoralcommunityatourschool whereallpeoplehaveanobligationtobepoliteandtolerantofindividual differences.49Someindividualsbelievethatschool personnelshouldnotinterferewiththebehaviorofstudentsunlessitis directlyrelatedtolearningoraffectsthesafetyofindividualswhoareinside theschoolbuildingorsomewhereoncampus.Butgoodteachersand administratorsdoteachvalues--notpersonalprivatevaluesbutcommonvalues ofcourtesymutualrespectpersistenceresponsibilityand self-reliance.50Ideallyeducatorsaffirming socially-responsiblevaluestaughtathomebyparentsanddemandingappropriate vocabularyandgoodmannersfromtheirstudentsshouldhavebeenvaluedas competentandsuccessfuleducators.Theyshouldremindthestudentsof sayingpleaseandthankyouandremindthemofnotinterruptingwhenothers arespeaking.Itisverymuchtheresponsibilityofteachersandadministrators topromoteourschool’straditionsofproperbehaviorandgoodsportsmanship. Thereforeschooleducatorsshouldbejudgedbythemoralandethicalclimateof theirschool.Alltheacademicimprovementsoftheschoolnotwithstandingno teachersshouldbeconsideredsuccessfuleducatorsunlesstheirstudents graduatednotonlyassuccessfullearnersbutalsoasladiesand gentlemen.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. NowadaystheAmericansfrequentlyreadnewspaperarticles aboutviolentcrimesseeragesofinhumanityontheeveningnewsandhear soundbitesontheradiodescribingcrueltyandintolerance.46Weworry particularlyabouttheeffectsonourchildrenofourownsocietyasociety thatislesssafeandlesshospitablethantheoneweexperiencedaschildren growingupduringthe1950’sand1960’s.47Inmany schooldistrictsthroughoutAmericathereisalreadycompellingevidencethat adolescentshavebeenaffectednegativelybychangingsocialconditions includingbywhatmanyAmericanbelievetobeadeclineofbasichuman values.Parentsandteachersmustcontendoftenwithadolescentaggression profanityanddisrespect.Somestudentsdisplayantagonisticattitudesand behaveinappropriately.Somestudentsareinsensitiveandunkindtotheir classmatesdiscourteoustoadultsandquicktoexpresstheirangerbyraising theirvoicesorusingprofanity.Itistheresponsibilityof parentstoteachtheirchildrentobepolitecourteousandforbearing.48 Itisoneofparents’mostfundamentalresponsibilitiestoimparttotheir childrenthevaluesofintegritydecencyandrespectforothers;teachersand schooladministratorsshouldneverbecomehoweverethicalbystanders.If wewishtorealizeoureducationalphilosophynotonlytoeducateourstudents butalsotoencouragethemtoaccepttheinnateworthofeveryhumanbeingwe mustnotsurrendertheidealofmaintainingamoralcommunityatourschool whereallpeoplehaveanobligationtobepoliteandtolerantofindividual differences.49Someindividualsbelievethatschool personnelshouldnotinterferewiththebehaviorofstudentsunlessitis directlyrelatedtolearningoraffectsthesafetyofindividualswhoareinside theschoolbuildingorsomewhereoncampus.Butgoodteachersand administratorsdoteachvalues--notpersonalprivatevaluesbutcommonvalues ofcourtesymutualrespectpersistenceresponsibilityand self-reliance.50Ideallyeducatorsaffirming socially-responsiblevaluestaughtathomebyparentsanddemandingappropriate vocabularyandgoodmannersfromtheirstudentsshouldhavebeenvaluedas competentandsuccessfuleducators.Theyshouldremindthestudentsof sayingpleaseandthankyouandremindthemofnotinterruptingwhenothers arespeaking.Itisverymuchtheresponsibilityofteachersandadministrators topromoteourschool’straditionsofproperbehaviorandgoodsportsmanship. Thereforeschooleducatorsshouldbejudgedbythemoralandethicalclimateof theirschool.Alltheacademicimprovementsoftheschoolnotwithstandingno teachersshouldbeconsideredsuccessfuleducatorsunlesstheirstudents graduatednotonlyassuccessfullearnersbutalsoasladiesand gentlemen.
Text4 WashingtonDChastraditionallybeen anunbalancedcitywhenitcomestothelifeofthemind.Ithasgreatnational monumentsfromtheSmithsonianmuseumstotheLibraryofCongress.But day-to-dayculturallifecanbethin.Itattractssomeofthecountry’sbest brains.Butfartoomuchofthecity’sintellectuallifeisdevotedtothe minutiaeofthepoliticalprocess.Dinnertableconversationcanalltooeasily turntobudgetreconciliationorsocialsecurity.Thisis changing.OnOctober1sttheShakespeareTheatreCompanyopeneda775-seatnew theatreintheheartofdowntown.SidneyHarmanhallnotonlyprovidesanew stageforatheatrecompanythathashithertohadtomakedowiththe450-seat LansburghTheatrearoundthecorner.Itwillalsoprovideaplatformformany smallerartscompanies.Thefactthatsomanyoftheseoutfits arequeuinguptoperformistestimonytoWashington’sculturalvitality.The recently-expandedKennedyCentreisbysomemeasuresthebusiestperformingarts complex.Butitstillhasagrowingnumberofartsgroupswhicharedesperate formid-sizedspacedown-town.MichaelKahnthetheatrecompany’sartistic directorjokesthatdespiteWashington’saversion厌恶tokeepingsecretsit hasmadeaprettygoodjobofkeepingquietaboutitsartisticlife.TheHarman Centreshouldactasawhistleblower.Washingtonstill bowsthekneetoNewYorkandChicagowhenitcomestoculture.Butithasa goodclaimtobeAmerica’sintellectualcapital.Ithasthegreatestcollection ofthink-tanksontheplanetanditregularlysucksinagiantshareofthe country’sbestbrains.WashingtonissecondonlytoSanFranciscoforthe proportionofresidentstwenty-fiveyearsandolderwithabachelor’sdegreeor higher.Washington’sintellectuallifehasbeensupercharged duringtheBushyearsdespitetheDecider’saversiontoideas.September11th 2001putquestionsofglobalstrategyatthecenterofthenationaldebate. MostofAmerica’sintellectualcentersarefirmlyinthegripofthe left-liberalestablishment.ForalltheirtalkofdiversityAmerican universitiesareallergictoadiversityofideas.Washingtonisoneofthefew citieswhereconservativesregularlydobattlewithliberals.Itisalsothe centerofafiercedebateaboutthefuturedirectionofconservatism. ThedangerforWashingtonisthatthisintellectualandcultural renaissancewillleavethemajorityofthecitizensuntouched.Thecapital remainsacitydeeplydividedbetweenover-educatedwhiteitinerantsandunder- educatedblacklocals.StillthenewShakespearetheatreispartof job-generatingdowntownrevival.Twentyyearsagodowntownwasadesertof dilapidated破旧的buildingsandbagpeople.Todayitisbustlingwithlife.If Washingtonisstrugglingtofixtheworldatleastitismakingareasonable joboffixingitself.TheunderlinedphrasewhistleblowerLastlineParagraph3probablymeans______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizethese paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Etofillin eachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouin Boxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.It producesfibrewhichcanbemadeintopaperfueloilstextilesfoodand rope.Formanycenturiesitwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountries becauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonial expansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothave beenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadaysships’cablesareusuallymadefrom’wire orsyntheticfibresbutscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationof hempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoits proponentsfourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghemprather thantressandmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivation ofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.[B]MuchofCanada’s forestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.Accordingtothe CanadianPulpandPaperAssociationCanadasupplies34%oftheworld’swood pulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproduced insomeotherwayCanadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recentlyapossible alternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsand environmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.[C]Inrecentyearstwomajor movementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Onegroupofactivists believesthatALLcannabisshouldbelegal--boththehempplantandthe marijuanaplant--andthattheuseofthedragmarijuanashouldnotbean offense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictiveandthatitis usedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersof society.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholor tobacco.[D]Howeverthereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountries oftheworld.Thisplantsousefulforfibreropeoilfuelandtextilesis aspeciesofcannabisrelatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanais produced.[E]Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehemp plantusedtoproducefibre;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatethe plantandsellthefibreforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphas hadamajortriumphrecently:in1997Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempfor fibre.Forthefirsttimesince1938hundredsoffarmersareplantingthis cropandsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnew source.[F]Inthelate1930samovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabeganto gatherforceresultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyof theplantusedtoproducethedrugbutalsoofthecommercialfibre-producing hempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempin largequantitiesontheirownlandanyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywould soonfindhimselfinprison--despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproduced fromthehempplantsinceitcontainsalmostnoTHCtheactiveingredientin thedrug.[G]Everysecond1hectareoftheworld’srainforestis destroyed.That’sequivalenttotwofootballfields.AnareathesizeofNew YorkCityislosteveryday.Inayearthataddsupto31millionhectares-- morethanthelandareaofPoland.Thisalarmingrateofdestructionhasserious consequencesfortheenvironment;scientistsestimateforexamplethat137 speciesofplantinsectoranimalbecomeextincteverydayduetologging.In BritishColumbiawheresince1990thirteenrainforestvalleyshavebeen clear-cut142speciesofsalmonhavealreadybecomeextinctandthehabitats ofgrizzlybearswolvesandmanyothercreaturesarethreatened.Logging howeverprovidesjobsprofitstaxesforthegovernmentandcheapproductsof allkindsforconsumerssothegovernmentisreluctanttorestrictorcontrol it.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1. Selectiontoparticipateinatop executive-educationprogramisanimportantrungontheladdertotopcorporate jobs.U.S.corporations1billionsofdollarsinthis formofmanagementdevelopment--anduseitto2and trainfast-trackmanagers.Yetone3ofexecutive educationfoundthatlessthan5%ofthemanagers4to thesehigh-profileprogramsarewomen--andminoritiesareterribly 5aswell.Thenumbersare6 .Inregularbusiness7usuallypaidforbythe participantnotanemployer--thereareplentyofwomenandminorities.Women forexample8forabout30%ofMBAcandidates.Yetinthe 9programspaidforbycorporationsthatroundouta manager’scredentialsata10careerpointusuallyatage 40or45companiesaremakingonlya11investmentin developingfemaleandminorityexecutives.Acase12 point:Onlyabout30%ofthe180executivesinStanford’srecent13 managementprogramwerewomen.Mostcompanies saythesedaystheyare14hiringandpromotingwomenand minorities--andtherearesome15trendsinoverall employmentandpaylevelssowhyarecompanies16theball whenit17executiveeducationTheschools18 thattheyareneitherthecauseofnorthecurefortheproblem.A HarvardBusinessSchooldeanfiguresthatcompaniesare19 ofsendingtheirfemaleexecutives20theydon’twantto losethemtocompetitors.
Text4 WashingtonDChastraditionallybeen anunbalancedcitywhenitcomestothelifeofthemind.Ithasgreatnational monumentsfromtheSmithsonianmuseumstotheLibraryofCongress.But day-to-dayculturallifecanbethin.Itattractssomeofthecountry’sbest brains.Butfartoomuchofthecity’sintellectuallifeisdevotedtothe minutiaeofthepoliticalprocess.Dinnertableconversationcanalltooeasily turntobudgetreconciliationorsocialsecurity.Thisis changing.OnOctober1sttheShakespeareTheatreCompanyopeneda775-seatnew theatreintheheartofdowntown.SidneyHarmanhallnotonlyprovidesanew stageforatheatrecompanythathashithertohadtomakedowiththe450-seat LansburghTheatrearoundthecorner.Itwillalsoprovideaplatformformany smallerartscompanies.Thefactthatsomanyoftheseoutfits arequeuinguptoperformistestimonytoWashington’sculturalvitality.The recently-expandedKennedyCentreisbysomemeasuresthebusiestperformingarts complex.Butitstillhasagrowingnumberofartsgroupswhicharedesperate formid-sizedspacedown-town.MichaelKahnthetheatrecompany’sartistic directorjokesthatdespiteWashington’saversion厌恶tokeepingsecretsit hasmadeaprettygoodjobofkeepingquietaboutitsartisticlife.TheHarman Centreshouldactasawhistleblower.Washingtonstill bowsthekneetoNewYorkandChicagowhenitcomestoculture.Butithasa goodclaimtobeAmerica’sintellectualcapital.Ithasthegreatestcollection ofthink-tanksontheplanetanditregularlysucksinagiantshareofthe country’sbestbrains.WashingtonissecondonlytoSanFranciscoforthe proportionofresidentstwenty-fiveyearsandolderwithabachelor’sdegreeor higher.Washington’sintellectuallifehasbeensupercharged duringtheBushyearsdespitetheDecider’saversiontoideas.September11th 2001putquestionsofglobalstrategyatthecenterofthenationaldebate. MostofAmerica’sintellectualcentersarefirmlyinthegripofthe left-liberalestablishment.ForalltheirtalkofdiversityAmerican universitiesareallergictoadiversityofideas.Washingtonisoneofthefew citieswhereconservativesregularlydobattlewithliberals.Itisalsothe centerofafiercedebateaboutthefuturedirectionofconservatism. ThedangerforWashingtonisthatthisintellectualandcultural renaissancewillleavethemajorityofthecitizensuntouched.Thecapital remainsacitydeeplydividedbetweenover-educatedwhiteitinerantsandunder- educatedblacklocals.StillthenewShakespearetheatreispartof job-generatingdowntownrevival.Twentyyearsagodowntownwasadesertof dilapidated破旧的buildingsandbagpeople.Todayitisbustlingwithlife.If Washingtonisstrugglingtofixtheworldatleastitismakingareasonable joboffixingitself.Bymentioningthe9·11terroristattackinParagraph5theauthorintendsto______.
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