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发生液化性坏死的基本条件应包括
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发生液化坏死基本条件
含较多的可凝固蛋白
组织凝血较严重
有腐败菌感染
产生蛋白酶较多
组织较松软
森林火灾发生的基本条件包括
发生液化性坏死基本条件应包括
含有较多的可凝固蛋白
组织淤血较严重
组织比较松软
产生蛋白酶较多
有腐败菌感染
医院感染发生应具备三个基本条件________________________
疾病发生的基本条件是____________________________________
发生液化性坏死基本条件应包括
含有较多的可凝固蛋白
组织淤血比较严重
组织比较松软
产生蛋白酶较多
有腐败菌感染
发生液化性坏死的基本条件包括
含有较多的可凝固蛋白
组织瘀血较严重
组织比较疏松
富含水分和磷脂
有腐败菌感染
发生液化性坏死基本条件应包括
组织淤血较严重
组织比较松软
含有较多的可凝固蛋白
产生蛋白酶较多
有腐败菌感染
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Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeedifhehasareputationforslackingyoumightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedasalltoohumanwiththeunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlantaGeorgiawhichhasjustbeenpublishedinNaturesuggeststhatitisalltoomonkeyaswell. Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-naturedco-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveallliketheirfemalehumancounterpartstheytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueofgoodsandservicesthanmales. SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’’sandDr.deWaal’’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normallythemonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.Howeverwhentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchamberssothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrocktheirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent. Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoodsandmuchpreferabletocucumbers.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertokenthesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatalltheothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamberorrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeedthemerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamberwithoutanactualmonkeytoeatitwasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin. Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeyslikehumansareguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewildtheyareaco-operativegroup-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousndignationitseemsarenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.Howeverwhethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumansorwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsagoisasyetanunansweredquestion. ThestatementitisalltoomonkeyLastlineParagraph1impliesthat
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreativepossessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61Furthermorehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.ThereforeitisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmannerwiththehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamorehannoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth."Anthropology."derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos"human"andlogos"thestudyof."Bvitsverynameanthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasonedorderlysystematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeographyeconomicspoliticalsciencepsychologyandsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.63Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-handcombinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresentmakesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.64Tylordefinedcultureas"...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbeliefartmoralslawcustomandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety."Thisinsightsoprofoundinitssimplicityopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearnedsharedandpatternedbehavior.65Thustheanthropologicalconceptof"culture"liketheconceptof"set"inmathematicsisanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding. Tylordefinedcultureas...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbeliefartmoralslawcustomandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.
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Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeedifhehasareputationforslackingyoumightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedasalltoohumanwiththeunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlantaGeorgiawhichhasjustbeenpublishedinNaturesuggeststhatitisalltoomonkeyaswell. Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-naturedco-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveallliketheirfemalehumancounterpartstheytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueofgoodsandservicesthanmales. SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’’sandDr.deWaal’’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normallythemonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.Howeverwhentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchamberssothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrocktheirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent. Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoodsandmuchpreferabletocucumbers.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertokenthesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatalltheothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamberorrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeedthemerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamberwithoutanactualmonkeytoeatitwasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin. Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeyslikehumansareguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewildtheyareaco-operativegroup-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousndignationitseemsarenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.Howeverwhethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumansorwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsagoisasyetanunansweredquestion. Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicapbutifproperlyhandleditmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWarithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitorgivingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’’sbestitsworkerswerethemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed. Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitablytheretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustriessuchasconsumerelectronicshadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleftZenith.Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’’sLGElectronicsinJuly.Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.ForawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductorswhichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragewasgoingtobethenextcasualty. Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailingandthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas. Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructurehasgoneonadiethaslearnttobemorequick-wittedaccordingtoRichardCavanaghexecutivedeanofHarvard’’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivitysaysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstituteathink-tankinWashingtonD.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodasagoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates. TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe__________.
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’’tknowforsureThattheevidencewasinconclusivethescienceuncertainThattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutofthewayLotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsenseandoverthreedecadessome10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves. Thereareupsettingparallelstodayasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciencesenlistedbytheWhiteHousetotellusthattheEarth’’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademyBruceAlbertsaddedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’’sreport:Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefutureanditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions. Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincompletethatit’’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisinitmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowingaprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow. FortunatelytheWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’’sadvisersstilldon’’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofactiontheycontinuetopressformoreresearch―aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis. Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanetwemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’’ttakethelegislativeinitiativeCongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginiawhichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphereitiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound. AccordingtotheauthorwhatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreativepossessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61Furthermorehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.ThereforeitisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmannerwiththehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamorehannoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth."Anthropology."derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos"human"andlogos"thestudyof."Bvitsverynameanthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasonedorderlysystematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeographyeconomicspoliticalsciencepsychologyandsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.63Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-handcombinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresentmakesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.64Tylordefinedcultureas"...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbeliefartmoralslawcustomandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety."Thisinsightsoprofoundinitssimplicityopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearnedsharedandpatternedbehavior.65Thustheanthropologicalconceptof"culture"liketheconceptof"set"inmathematicsisanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding. Furthermorehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicapbutifproperlyhandleditmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWarithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitorgivingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’’sbestitsworkerswerethemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed. Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitablytheretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustriessuchasconsumerelectronicshadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleftZenith.Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’’sLGElectronicsinJuly.Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.ForawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductorswhichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragewasgoingtobethenextcasualty. Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailingandthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas. Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructurehasgoneonadiethaslearnttobemorequick-wittedaccordingtoRichardCavanaghexecutivedeanofHarvard’’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivitysaysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstituteathink-tankinWashingtonD.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodasagoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates. ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican__________.
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Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.6
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.12
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreativepossessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61Furthermorehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.ThereforeitisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmannerwiththehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamorehannoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth."Anthropology."derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos"human"andlogos"thestudyof."Bvitsverynameanthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasonedorderlysystematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeographyeconomicspoliticalsciencepsychologyandsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.63Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-handcombinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresentmakesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.64Tylordefinedcultureas"...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbeliefartmoralslawcustomandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety."Thisinsightsoprofoundinitssimplicityopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearnedsharedandpatternedbehavior.65Thustheanthropologicalconceptof"culture"liketheconceptof"set"inmathematicsisanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding. Thustheanthropologicalconceptofcultureliketheconceptofsetinmathematicsisanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.
Itmayseemanexaggerationtosaythatambitionisthelinchpinofsocietyholdingmanyofitsdifferentelementstogetherbutitisnotanexaggerationbymuch.Removeambitionandtheessentialelementsofsocietyseemtoflyapart.Ambitionasopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesiresimpliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoalspersonalandsocialofakindsocietycannotsurvivewithout.Ambitionisintimatelyconnectedwithfamilyformenandwomennotonlyworkpartlyfortheirfamilies;husbandsandwivesareoftenambitiousforeachotherbutharborsomeoftheirmosteagerambitionsfortheirchildren.Yettohaveafamilynowadays-withbirthcontrolreadilyavailableandinflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren-isnearlyanexpressionofambitioninitself.Ambitionandfuturity-asenseofbuildingfortomorrow-areinescapable.Workingsavingplanning-thesethedailyaspectsofambition-havealwaysbeenthedistinguishingmarksofarisingmiddleclass.Theattackagainstambitionisnotincidentallyanattackonthemiddleclassandwhatitstandsfor.Likeitornotthemiddleclasshasdonemuchofsociety’’sworkinAmerica;anditthemiddleclasshasfromthebeginningrunonambition. Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldstrippedofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemandsanddisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.Competitionwouldneverenterin.Conflictwouldbeeliminatedtensionbecomeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Thefamilywouldbecomesuperfluousasasocialunitwithallitsformerpowerforbringingaboutneurosisdrainedaway.Longevitywouldbeincreasedforfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbyconfusedendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandonwithambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart. Wedonotchooseourparentsourhistoricalepochthecountryofourbirthortheimmediatecircumstancesofourupbringing.Wedonotmostofuschoosetodie;nordowechoosethetimeorconditionsofourdeath.Butwithinallthisrealmofchoicelessnesswedochoosehowweshalllive:courageouslyorincowardicehonorablyordishonorablywithpurposeorindrift.Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecidethatwhatmakesussignificantiseitherwhatwedoorwhatwerefusetodo.Butnomatterhowindifferenttheuniversemaybetoourchoicesanddecisionsthesechoicesanddecisionsareourstomake.Wedecide.Wechoose.Andaswedecideandchoosesoareourlivesformed.Intheendformingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout. Whatdistinguishesusonefromanotherseemstobe
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.8
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.16
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.14
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.2
心火亢盛证与膀胱湿热证均可出现小便赤涩灼痛如何从病机及症状加以鉴别
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.10
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’’tknowforsureThattheevidencewasinconclusivethescienceuncertainThattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutofthewayLotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsenseandoverthreedecadessome10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves. Thereareupsettingparallelstodayasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciencesenlistedbytheWhiteHousetotellusthattheEarth’’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademyBruceAlbertsaddedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’’sreport:Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefutureanditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions. Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincompletethatit’’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisinitmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowingaprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow. FortunatelytheWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’’sadvisersstilldon’’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofactiontheycontinuetopressformoreresearch―aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis. Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanetwemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’’ttakethelegislativeinitiativeCongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginiawhichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphereitiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound. AccordingtoBruceAlbertssciencecanserveas
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.20
Itmayseemanexaggerationtosaythatambitionisthelinchpinofsocietyholdingmanyofitsdifferentelementstogetherbutitisnotanexaggerationbymuch.Removeambitionandtheessentialelementsofsocietyseemtoflyapart.Ambitionasopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesiresimpliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoalspersonalandsocialofakindsocietycannotsurvivewithout.Ambitionisintimatelyconnectedwithfamilyformenandwomennotonlyworkpartlyfortheirfamilies;husbandsandwivesareoftenambitiousforeachotherbutharborsomeoftheirmosteagerambitionsfortheirchildren.Yettohaveafamilynowadays-withbirthcontrolreadilyavailableandinflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren-isnearlyanexpressionofambitioninitself.Ambitionandfuturity-asenseofbuildingfortomorrow-areinescapable.Workingsavingplanning-thesethedailyaspectsofambition-havealwaysbeenthedistinguishingmarksofarisingmiddleclass.Theattackagainstambitionisnotincidentallyanattackonthemiddleclassandwhatitstandsfor.Likeitornotthemiddleclasshasdonemuchofsociety’’sworkinAmerica;anditthemiddleclasshasfromthebeginningrunonambition. Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldstrippedofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemandsanddisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.Competitionwouldneverenterin.Conflictwouldbeeliminatedtensionbecomeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Thefamilywouldbecomesuperfluousasasocialunitwithallitsformerpowerforbringingaboutneurosisdrainedaway.Longevitywouldbeincreasedforfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbyconfusedendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandonwithambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart. Wedonotchooseourparentsourhistoricalepochthecountryofourbirthortheimmediatecircumstancesofourupbringing.Wedonotmostofuschoosetodie;nordowechoosethetimeorconditionsofourdeath.Butwithinallthisrealmofchoicelessnesswedochoosehowweshalllive:courageouslyorincowardicehonorablyordishonorablywithpurposeorindrift.Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecidethatwhatmakesussignificantiseitherwhatwedoorwhatwerefusetodo.Butnomatterhowindifferenttheuniversemaybetoourchoicesanddecisionsthesechoicesanddecisionsareourstomake.Wedecide.Wechoose.Andaswedecideandchoosesoareourlivesformed.Intheendformingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout. Theauthorbelievesthatwithoutambition
腐苔与腻苔在形态和主病上有何不同
Itmayseemanexaggerationtosaythatambitionisthelinchpinofsocietyholdingmanyofitsdifferentelementstogetherbutitisnotanexaggerationbymuch.Removeambitionandtheessentialelementsofsocietyseemtoflyapart.Ambitionasopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesiresimpliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoalspersonalandsocialofakindsocietycannotsurvivewithout.Ambitionisintimatelyconnectedwithfamilyformenandwomennotonlyworkpartlyfortheirfamilies;husbandsandwivesareoftenambitiousforeachotherbutharborsomeoftheirmosteagerambitionsfortheirchildren.Yettohaveafamilynowadays-withbirthcontrolreadilyavailableandinflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren-isnearlyanexpressionofambitioninitself.Ambitionandfuturity-asenseofbuildingfortomorrow-areinescapable.Workingsavingplanning-thesethedailyaspectsofambition-havealwaysbeenthedistinguishingmarksofarisingmiddleclass.Theattackagainstambitionisnotincidentallyanattackonthemiddleclassandwhatitstandsfor.Likeitornotthemiddleclasshasdonemuchofsociety’’sworkinAmerica;anditthemiddleclasshasfromthebeginningrunonambition. Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldstrippedofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemandsanddisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.Competitionwouldneverenterin.Conflictwouldbeeliminatedtensionbecomeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Thefamilywouldbecomesuperfluousasasocialunitwithallitsformerpowerforbringingaboutneurosisdrainedaway.Longevitywouldbeincreasedforfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbyconfusedendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandonwithambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart. Wedonotchooseourparentsourhistoricalepochthecountryofourbirthortheimmediatecircumstancesofourupbringing.Wedonotmostofuschoosetodie;nordowechoosethetimeorconditionsofourdeath.Butwithinallthisrealmofchoicelessnesswedochoosehowweshalllive:courageouslyorincowardicehonorablyordishonorablywithpurposeorindrift.Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecidethatwhatmakesussignificantiseitherwhatwedoorwhatwerefusetodo.Butnomatterhowindifferenttheuniversemaybetoourchoicesanddecisionsthesechoicesanddecisionsareourstomake.Wedecide.Wechoose.Andaswedecideandchoosesoareourlivesformed.Intheendformingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout. Theauthorholdsambitiontobe
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.4
角弓反张
Newsreportsoftenfocusondisputesamongscientistsoverthevalidityofpreliminaryuntesteddatahypothesesandmodelswhichbydefinitionaretentative.Thisaspectofscience-1becauseithasnotbeenwidely2andaccepted-iscalledfrontierscience.Themedia3tofocusonfrontiersciencebecauseitsso-called"breakthroughs"makegoodnewsstories.Justbecausesomethingisinthe4offrontierscience5doesnotmeanthatitisn’’tworthyofseriousconsideration;6suchmattersneedfurtherstudytodeterminetheir7.8contrastconsensusscienceconsistsofdatamodelstheoriesandlawsthatarewidelyaccepted.Thisaspectofscienceisveryreliablebutis9considerednewsworthy.Thetroubleisthatthewordscienceisusedto10bothfrontierandconsensussciencewithout11Themediapreference12frontiersciencegivesthepublicthe13impressionthatfrontierscience14verycertainconclusionswhichmayormaynotbecorrect.However15somefrontierscienceislatershowntobeunreliablemembersofthepublicoftenfalsely16thatconsensusscienceisalsoquiteuncertain.Weneedtotakebothfrontierandconsensusscience17butrecognizetheirdifferences.Onewaytofindoutwhatscientistsgenerallyagree18istoseekoutreportsbyscientificbodiesthatattemptto19consensusin20areasofscienceandtechnology. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points.18
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