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Malthusian fears that population growth will outstrip food supplies have been widely discounted a...
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Shetoldhimofallher_____and_____.
hope; fear
hopes; fear
hopes; fears
hope; fears
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短文填空根据短文内容及首字母提示填写所缺单词每空一词Fearsaresomethingweallha
Thesearedefensivebehaviorpatternswhichderivefromou
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A．familiar B．popular C．farther D．forward
grammar A.card B.garden C.popular
A．nature B．population C．natural D．nation
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Fearcanbeawonderfulfeelinginourlivesprotectingusfr
A.familiar B.popular C.farther D.forward
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WhenNickA.Coreodilosstartedoutintheheadhuntingbusiness20yearsagohehadakeeneyefortrackingtalents.FromhisbaseinSiliconValleyhewouldsendall-starperformerstoblue-chipcompanieslikeXeroxIBMandGeneralElectric.Butwhilehewouldsucceedinhispartofthehuntthejob-seekershelocatedwouldoftenfailintheirs.Theywerestrikingoutbeforeduringoraftertheinterview.SoinsteadofsimplyhuntingfortalentCorcodilosbeganadvisingjobcandidatesaswell.Hehelpedimprovetheirsuccessratiobyteachingthemtopursuefewercompaniesmaketherightcontactsanddeliverwhatcompaniesarelookingforinaninterview.Inhismyth-bustingbookAsktheHeadhunterPlume1997Coreodiloshasreinventedtherulesofthejobsearchfrompreparationtointerviewtechniques.Herearehissixnewprinciplesforsuccessfuljobhunting:41.Yourresumeismeaningless.Headhuntersknowaresumerarelygetsyouinsideacompany.Allitdoesistooutlineyourpastlargelyirrelevantsinceitdoesn’tdemonstratethatyoucandotheworkthehiringmanagerneedstobedone.42.Don’tgetlostinHR.Headhunterstrytogetaroundthehumanresourcesdepartmentwheneverpossible.43.Therealmatchmakingtakesplacebeforetheinterview.Aheadhuntersendsacandidateintoaninterviewonlyifheorsheisclearlyqualifiedfortheposition.Inyourownjobhuntmakethesameefforttoensureagoodfit.Knowtheparametersofthejobwhenyouwalkintotheinterview.Researchthecompanyfindingoutaboutitsculturegoalsandcompetitors.Remembertheemployerwantstohireyou.AcompanyholdsinterviewssoitcanfindthebestpersonforthejobCorcodilossays.Themanagerwillbeecstaticifthatpersonturnsouttobeyoubecausethenheorshecanstopinterviewingandgetbacktowork.44.Pretendtheinterviewisyourfirstdayatwork.Mostpeopletreataninterviewasifitwereaninterrogation.Theemployerasksquestionsandthecandidategivesanswers.Headhuntersgooutoftheirwaytoavoidthatscenario.45.Gotanoffer.Interviewthecompany.Whenanemployermakesanofferhedoesmorethandeliveratitleandacompensationpackagehealsocedespartofhiscontroloverthehiringprocess.OnceyougetthatofferYouhavethepowersaysCoreodilostodecidewhetherandonwhattermsyouwanttohirethatcompany.[A]ConsiderhowCorcodiloscoachedGerryZagorskiofEdison.N.J.whowaspursuinganopeningatAT&T.Zagorskiwalkedovertothevicepresident’smarkerboardandoutlinedthecompany’schallengesandthestepshewouldtaketoincreaseitsprofits.FifteenminuteslaterasZagorskiwrotedownhisestimateofwhathewouldaddtothebottomlinehelookedupathisinterviewer.[B]Oneofthebestwaystolearnaboutacompanyistotalktopeoplewhoworkthere.KentonGreenofAnnArborMich.usedthistechniquewhilecompletingadoctoralprograminelectricalengineeringandopticsattheUniversityofRochester:Iwouldfindanarticlepublishedbysomeoneinmyfieldwhoworkedatacompany1wasinterestedin.ThenI’dcallthatpersonandasktotalkmentionmyemployabilityanddiscussthecompany’sneeds.Oneoftwothingshappened:I’deithergetanintervieworlearnweweren’tagoodmatchafterall.[C]MostHRdepartmentscreateaninfrastructurethatprimarilyinvolvesprocessingpaperCorcodilossays.Theypackageorganizefileandsortyou.Thenifyouhaven’tgottenlostintheshuffletheymightpassyouontoamanagerwhoactuallyknowswhattheworkisallabout.WhilethetypicalcandidateiswaitingtobeinterviewedbyHRtheheadhunterisonthephoneusingabackchanneltogettothehiringmanager.[D]AttheoutsetoftheinterviewtheemployercontrolstheofferantithepowerthatcomeswithitCorcodilossays.Butuponmakinganofferhetransfersthatpowertothecandidate.Thisisapowerfewpeopleinthatsituationrealizetheyhave.It’sthetimeforyoutoexplorechangingtheoffertosuityourgoalsandfidlyinterviewthecompany.[E]Theguy’sjawwasonthefloorCorcodilossays.HetoldZagorskithatfinishingtheinterviewwouldn’tbenecessary.InsteadtheVPbroughtintherestofhisteamandthemeetinglastedfortwohours.[F]AresmneleavesituptoemployerstofigureouthowyoucanhelptheirorganizationCorcodilossays.That’snowaytosellyourself.[G]Oneofmyformercolleaguesforexamplewroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultisofcoursetheonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.41.______42.______43.______44.______45.______
EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalonemorethan250animalsareslaughteredforfoodaddinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone’sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial. Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetesobesityarthritisandmanyotherillnesses.Furthermoremeat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseasesincludingcancerandtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrientsespeciallyproteinandiron.ActuallyaccordingtoATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarianbyJudyKrizmanicproteinisfoundinalmosteveryfoodandironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A1988studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier. Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infacttheoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecornand95%oftheoatsgrownintheUSarefedtolivestock.Theworld’scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeoplemorethantheentirehumanpopulation.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitesStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1poundofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplantstheamountofavailablefoodwillincrease. Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalf.asquarefootofspaceeachandsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogetherahotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewisepigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother’stailssoboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn. Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimalsthehealthofpeopleandtothehealthoftheworld. Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians
Directions: MissWangwhoisinyourUniversityPlacementofficehassuggestedyoutowriteto××companytolookforapart-timejobinitsAccountingDepartment. Thefollowingpointsshouldalsobecoveredinyourletter: 1introduceyourselfandyourpersonallifebriefly; 2yourwork-time; 3wishtohaveaninterview; 4thewayofcontactingyou. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Themostdamningthingthatcanbesaidabouttheworld’sbest-endowedandrichestcountryisthatitisnotonlynottheleaderinhealthstatusbutthatitissolowintheranksofthenations.TheUnitedStatesranks18thamongnationsoftheworldinmalelifeexpectancyatbirth9thinfemalelifeexpectancyatbirthand12thininfantmortality.MoreimportantlyhugevariationsareevidentinhealthstatusintheUnitedStatesfromoneplacetothenextandfromonegrouptothenext. Theforcesthataffecthealthcanbedividedintofourgroupingsthatlendthemselvestoanalysisofallhealthproblems.Clearlythelargestgroupofforcesresidesintheperson’senvironment.Behaviorinpartderivedfromexperienceswiththeenvironmentisthenextgreatestforceaffectinghealth.Medicalcareservicestreatedasseparatefromotherenvironmentalfactorsbecauseofthespecialinterestwehaveinthemmakeamodestcontributiontohealthstatus.Finallythecontributionsofhereditytohealtharedifficulttojudge. Noothercountryspendswhatwedopercapitaformedicalcare.Thecareavailableisamongthebesttechnicallyevenifusedtoofreelyandthusdangerously.Giventheevidencethatmedicalcareisnotthatvaluableandaccesstocarenotthatbaditseemsmostunlikelythatourbadshowingiscausedbythesignificantproportionwhoarepoorlyserved.Otherhypotheseshavegreaterexplanatorypower:excessivepovertybothactualandrelativeandexcessivewealth. ExcessivepovertyisprobablymoreprevalentintheU.S.thaninanyofthecountriesthathaveabetterinfantmortalityrateandfemalelifeexpectancyatbirth.Thisisprobablytruealsoforallbutfourorfiveofthecountrieswithalongermalelifeexpectancy.Inthenotablypoorcountriesthatexceedusinmalesurvivaldifficultlivingconditionsareamoreacceptedwayoflifeandinseveralofthemagoodbasicdietbasicmedicalcareandbasiceducationandlifelongemploymentopportunitiesareaneverydayfactoflife.IntheU.S.anationalunemploymentlevelof10percentmaybe40percentintheghettowhilelessthan4percentelsewhere.Thecountriesthathavesurpassedusinhealthdonothavesuchsevereproblems.Noraresuchahighproportionoftheirpeopleinvolvedinthem. Excessivewealthisnotsoobviousacauseofillhealthbutatleast:untilrecentlyfewothernationscouldaffordsuchunhealthfulwaysofliving.Excessiveintakeofanimalproteinandfatsanduseoftobaccoanddrugsanddangerousrecreationalsportsanddrivinghabitsareallpossibleonlywhenoneiswealthy.Ourheritagedesiresandopportunitiescombinedwiththerelativelylowcostofbadfoodsandspeedyvehiclesmakeusparticularlyvulnerable.Ourunacceptablehealthstatusthenwillnotbeimprovedappreciablybyexpandedmedicalresourcesnorbytheirredistributionsomuchasbyageneralattempttoimprovethequalityoflifeforall. Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageprovideinformationtoanswer
KevinHinesamanic-depressivewas19andinoneofhisweeklydownswingsonanovercastMondaymorningin2000.HewenttothenearbyGoldenGateBridgetokillhimselfmostlybecausewithonlyafour-foot1.2-metrerailingtoleap"Ifigureditwastheeasiestway."Hedivedoverbutflippedandhitthewaterat75mphwithhisfeetfirst.HislegswerecrushedbuthesomehowstayedconsciousandstartedpaddlingwithhisupperbodyuntiltheCoastGuardfishedhimout. Mr.Hinesisoneof26peoplewhohavesurvivedsuicideattemptsatthebridgebut1223areknowntohavesucceededi.e.wereseenjumpingorfoundfloating.Peoplearethrowingthemselvesoffthebridgeattherateoftwoamonthwhichmakesitthemostpopularplaceintheworldforsuicides.OnebookonthesubjectsaysthattheGoldenGateis"tosuicidewhatNiagaraFallsistohoneymooners". ManySanFranciscansthinkthatthesolutionistoemulatetheEmpireStateBuildingtheSydneyHarbourBridgetheEiffelTowerSt.Peter’sbasilicaandothersuchplacesandputupasimplebarrier.Thishoweverisadecisionforthe19boardmembersoftheGoldenGateBridgeHighwayandTransportationDistrictanentitythatoverseesthebridgeitselfandthebusesandferriesthatoperateinthearea.Mostofitsrevenues’comefromtollsandfaresandthedistrictlosesmoney.Abarrierwouldcostbetween$15millionand$25million. SothePsychiatricFoundationofNorthernCaliforniawhichhasadoptedthebarrierasitscauseconsidersitasuccessthattheboardhasmerelyallowedafeasibilitystudyforwhichvariousprivateandpublicdonorshaveraised $2million.MelBlausteinadirectoratthefoundationhasheardseveralargumentsagainstabarrierovertheyears-toouglytooexpensiveandsoforth--butthemostpersistenthasbeenthatpeoplewouldsimplykillthemselvessomewhereelsesowhybother.’Thisisnonsensehesays"Mostsuicidesareimpulsiveandpreventable."AbridgewithoutabarrieraddsPatHinesKevin’sfatheris"likeleavingaloadedguninthepsychiatricward./ WhydoestheauthormentionNiagaraFallsandhoneymooners
Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandofcardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythegameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongandhealthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterriblediseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsaredealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeopleneverknewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefutureonlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsorgrandparents. Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofinddangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretestedpositiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelseexceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortestresults. SofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestforafatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsforsevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’sgeneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseofgeneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthetestsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswerisclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcostlifeinsurersdearly. Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgeneticanswerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskofdeathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththeriskofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticorenvironmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredictwhetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyearsresearcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenesandwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwiththem. Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis
WhenNickA.Coreodilosstartedoutintheheadhuntingbusiness20yearsagohehadakeeneyefortrackingtalents.FromhisbaseinSiliconValleyhewouldsendall-starperformerstoblue-chipcompanieslikeXeroxIBMandGeneralElectric.Butwhilehewouldsucceedinhispartofthehuntthejob-seekershelocatedwouldoftenfailintheirs.Theywerestrikingoutbeforeduringoraftertheinterview.SoinsteadofsimplyhuntingfortalentCorcodilosbeganadvisingjobcandidatesaswell.Hehelpedimprovetheirsuccessratiobyteachingthemtopursuefewercompaniesmaketherightcontactsanddeliverwhatcompaniesarelookingforinaninterview.Inhismyth-bustingbookAsktheHeadhunterPlume1997Coreodiloshasreinventedtherulesofthejobsearchfrompreparationtointerviewtechniques.Herearehissixnewprinciplesforsuccessfuljobhunting:41.Yourresumeismeaningless.Headhuntersknowaresumerarelygetsyouinsideacompany.Allitdoesistooutlineyourpastlargelyirrelevantsinceitdoesn’tdemonstratethatyoucandotheworkthehiringmanagerneedstobedone.42.Don’tgetlostinHR.Headhunterstrytogetaroundthehumanresourcesdepartmentwheneverpossible.43.Therealmatchmakingtakesplacebeforetheinterview.Aheadhuntersendsacandidateintoaninterviewonlyifheorsheisclearlyqualifiedfortheposition.Inyourownjobhuntmakethesameefforttoensureagoodfit.Knowtheparametersofthejobwhenyouwalkintotheinterview.Researchthecompanyfindingoutaboutitsculturegoalsandcompetitors.Remembertheemployerwantstohireyou.AcompanyholdsinterviewssoitcanfindthebestpersonforthejobCorcodilossays.Themanagerwillbeecstaticifthatpersonturnsouttobeyoubecausethenheorshecanstopinterviewingandgetbacktowork.44.Pretendtheinterviewisyourfirstdayatwork.Mostpeopletreataninterviewasifitwereaninterrogation.Theemployerasksquestionsandthecandidategivesanswers.Headhuntersgooutoftheirwaytoavoidthatscenario.45.Gotanoffer.Interviewthecompany.Whenanemployermakesanofferhedoesmorethandeliveratitleandacompensationpackagehealsocedespartofhiscontroloverthehiringprocess.OnceyougetthatofferYouhavethepowersaysCoreodilostodecidewhetherandonwhattermsyouwanttohirethatcompany.[A]ConsiderhowCorcodiloscoachedGerryZagorskiofEdison.N.J.whowaspursuinganopeningatAT&T.Zagorskiwalkedovertothevicepresident’smarkerboardandoutlinedthecompany’schallengesandthestepshewouldtaketoincreaseitsprofits.FifteenminuteslaterasZagorskiwrotedownhisestimateofwhathewouldaddtothebottomlinehelookedupathisinterviewer.[B]Oneofthebestwaystolearnaboutacompanyistotalktopeoplewhoworkthere.KentonGreenofAnnArborMich.usedthistechniquewhilecompletingadoctoralprograminelectricalengineeringandopticsattheUniversityofRochester:Iwouldfindanarticlepublishedbysomeoneinmyfieldwhoworkedatacompany1wasinterestedin.ThenI’dcallthatpersonandasktotalkmentionmyemployabilityanddiscussthecompany’sneeds.Oneoftwothingshappened:I’deithergetanintervieworlearnweweren’tagoodmatchafterall.[C]MostHRdepartmentscreateaninfrastructurethatprimarilyinvolvesprocessingpaperCorcodilossays.Theypackageorganizefileandsortyou.Thenifyouhaven’tgottenlostintheshuffletheymightpassyouontoamanagerwhoactuallyknowswhattheworkisallabout.WhilethetypicalcandidateiswaitingtobeinterviewedbyHRtheheadhunterisonthephoneusingabackchanneltogettothehiringmanager.[D]AttheoutsetoftheinterviewtheemployercontrolstheofferantithepowerthatcomeswithitCorcodilossays.Butuponmakinganofferhetransfersthatpowertothecandidate.Thisisapowerfewpeopleinthatsituationrealizetheyhave.It’sthetimeforyoutoexplorechangingtheoffertosuityourgoalsandfidlyinterviewthecompany.[E]Theguy’sjawwasonthefloorCorcodilossays.HetoldZagorskithatfinishingtheinterviewwouldn’tbenecessary.InsteadtheVPbroughtintherestofhisteamandthemeetinglastedfortwohours.[F]AresmneleavesituptoemployerstofigureouthowyoucanhelptheirorganizationCorcodilossays.That’snowaytosellyourself.[G]Oneofmyformercolleaguesforexamplewroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultisofcoursetheonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.41.______42.______43.______44.______45.______
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 13
Themostdamningthingthatcanbesaidabouttheworld’sbest-endowedandrichestcountryisthatitisnotonlynottheleaderinhealthstatusbutthatitissolowintheranksofthenations.TheUnitedStatesranks18thamongnationsoftheworldinmalelifeexpectancyatbirth9thinfemalelifeexpectancyatbirthand12thininfantmortality.MoreimportantlyhugevariationsareevidentinhealthstatusintheUnitedStatesfromoneplacetothenextandfromonegrouptothenext. Theforcesthataffecthealthcanbedividedintofourgroupingsthatlendthemselvestoanalysisofallhealthproblems.Clearlythelargestgroupofforcesresidesintheperson’senvironment.Behaviorinpartderivedfromexperienceswiththeenvironmentisthenextgreatestforceaffectinghealth.Medicalcareservicestreatedasseparatefromotherenvironmentalfactorsbecauseofthespecialinterestwehaveinthemmakeamodestcontributiontohealthstatus.Finallythecontributionsofhereditytohealtharedifficulttojudge. Noothercountryspendswhatwedopercapitaformedicalcare.Thecareavailableisamongthebesttechnicallyevenifusedtoofreelyandthusdangerously.Giventheevidencethatmedicalcareisnotthatvaluableandaccesstocarenotthatbaditseemsmostunlikelythatourbadshowingiscausedbythesignificantproportionwhoarepoorlyserved.Otherhypotheseshavegreaterexplanatorypower:excessivepovertybothactualandrelativeandexcessivewealth. ExcessivepovertyisprobablymoreprevalentintheU.S.thaninanyofthecountriesthathaveabetterinfantmortalityrateandfemalelifeexpectancyatbirth.Thisisprobablytruealsoforallbutfourorfiveofthecountrieswithalongermalelifeexpectancy.Inthenotablypoorcountriesthatexceedusinmalesurvivaldifficultlivingconditionsareamoreacceptedwayoflifeandinseveralofthemagoodbasicdietbasicmedicalcareandbasiceducationandlifelongemploymentopportunitiesareaneverydayfactoflife.IntheU.S.anationalunemploymentlevelof10percentmaybe40percentintheghettowhilelessthan4percentelsewhere.Thecountriesthathavesurpassedusinhealthdonothavesuchsevereproblems.Noraresuchahighproportionoftheirpeopleinvolvedinthem. Excessivewealthisnotsoobviousacauseofillhealthbutatleast:untilrecentlyfewothernationscouldaffordsuchunhealthfulwaysofliving.Excessiveintakeofanimalproteinandfatsanduseoftobaccoanddrugsanddangerousrecreationalsportsanddrivinghabitsareallpossibleonlywhenoneiswealthy.Ourheritagedesiresandopportunitiescombinedwiththerelativelylowcostofbadfoodsandspeedyvehiclesmakeusparticularlyvulnerable.Ourunacceptablehealthstatusthenwillnotbeimprovedappreciablybyexpandedmedicalresourcesnorbytheirredistributionsomuchasbyageneralattempttoimprovethequalityoflifeforall. Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 17
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 3
Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandofcardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythegameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongandhealthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterriblediseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsaredealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeopleneverknewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefutureonlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsorgrandparents. Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofinddangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretestedpositiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelseexceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortestresults. SofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestforafatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsforsevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’sgeneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseofgeneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthetestsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswerisclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcostlifeinsurersdearly. Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgeneticanswerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskofdeathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththeriskofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticorenvironmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredictwhetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyearsresearcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenesandwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwiththem. WhatdoesthewordcardsLine1Para.1referto
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 5
LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLawJournaltolditsreadersthat"employmentlawyersarewarninglovestruckco-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside".TheadvicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedtoresignlastweekend--forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd--afterhisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeenconductingwithafemaleemployee"whodidnotreportdirectlytohim". Inevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffairrolledout.TheotherpartywasreportedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarriedandhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.ThecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgottogetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.Afterthatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr.Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthefirm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsitseemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMrStonecipher’sdownfall. LewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthatMrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:"Employeeswillnotengageinconductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonestyimpartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany."Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompanyrules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthatthecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeenmadepublic.GonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofitsbusinessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkofWallStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporatejet. AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthemessagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibletoanyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstallsoftwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas"sex"and"CEO".Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmericanManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincomingandoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees.Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthanelectronicbilletsdoux. Boeingisparticularlysensitivetoembarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschieffinancialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvinganillegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial. MrStonecipheracrustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethecompany’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedlypuritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verballyexplicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseemsthoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthatone-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthatover40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwithacolleagueandthatinhalfofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthetime.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeingapparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebeforetheymarried. Theauthorseemstobelievethat
EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalonemorethan250animalsareslaughteredforfoodaddinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone’sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial. Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetesobesityarthritisandmanyotherillnesses.Furthermoremeat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseasesincludingcancerandtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrientsespeciallyproteinandiron.ActuallyaccordingtoATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarianbyJudyKrizmanicproteinisfoundinalmosteveryfoodandironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A1988studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier. Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infacttheoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecornand95%oftheoatsgrownintheUSarefedtolivestock.Theworld’scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeoplemorethantheentirehumanpopulation.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitesStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1poundofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplantstheamountofavailablefoodwillincrease. Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalf.asquarefootofspaceeachandsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogetherahotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewisepigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother’stailssoboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn. Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimalsthehealthofpeopleandtothehealthoftheworld. WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 11
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 9
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 15
KevinHinesamanic-depressivewas19andinoneofhisweeklydownswingsonanovercastMondaymorningin2000.HewenttothenearbyGoldenGateBridgetokillhimselfmostlybecausewithonlyafour-foot1.2-metrerailingtoleap"Ifigureditwastheeasiestway."Hedivedoverbutflippedandhitthewaterat75mphwithhisfeetfirst.HislegswerecrushedbuthesomehowstayedconsciousandstartedpaddlingwithhisupperbodyuntiltheCoastGuardfishedhimout. Mr.Hinesisoneof26peoplewhohavesurvivedsuicideattemptsatthebridgebut1223areknowntohavesucceededi.e.wereseenjumpingorfoundfloating.Peoplearethrowingthemselvesoffthebridgeattherateoftwoamonthwhichmakesitthemostpopularplaceintheworldforsuicides.OnebookonthesubjectsaysthattheGoldenGateis"tosuicidewhatNiagaraFallsistohoneymooners". ManySanFranciscansthinkthatthesolutionistoemulatetheEmpireStateBuildingtheSydneyHarbourBridgetheEiffelTowerSt.Peter’sbasilicaandothersuchplacesandputupasimplebarrier.Thishoweverisadecisionforthe19boardmembersoftheGoldenGateBridgeHighwayandTransportationDistrictanentitythatoverseesthebridgeitselfandthebusesandferriesthatoperateinthearea.Mostofitsrevenues’comefromtollsandfaresandthedistrictlosesmoney.Abarrierwouldcostbetween$15millionand$25million. SothePsychiatricFoundationofNorthernCaliforniawhichhasadoptedthebarrierasitscauseconsidersitasuccessthattheboardhasmerelyallowedafeasibilitystudyforwhichvariousprivateandpublicdonorshaveraised $2million.MelBlausteinadirectoratthefoundationhasheardseveralargumentsagainstabarrierovertheyears-toouglytooexpensiveandsoforth--butthemostpersistenthasbeenthatpeoplewouldsimplykillthemselvessomewhereelsesowhybother.’Thisisnonsensehesays"Mostsuicidesareimpulsiveandpreventable."AbridgewithoutabarrieraddsPatHinesKevin’sfatheris"likeleavingaloadedguninthepsychiatricward./ WhatwilltheauthormentionafterParagraph4
LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLawJournaltolditsreadersthat"employmentlawyersarewarninglovestruckco-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside".TheadvicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedtoresignlastweekend--forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd--afterhisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeenconductingwithafemaleemployee"whodidnotreportdirectlytohim". Inevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffairrolledout.TheotherpartywasreportedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarriedandhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.ThecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgottogetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.Afterthatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr.Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthefirm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsitseemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMrStonecipher’sdownfall. LewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthatMrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:"Employeeswillnotengageinconductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonestyimpartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany."Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompanyrules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthatthecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeenmadepublic.GonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofitsbusinessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkofWallStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporatejet. AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthemessagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibletoanyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstallsoftwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas"sex"and"CEO".Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmericanManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincomingandoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees.Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthanelectronicbilletsdoux. Boeingisparticularlysensitivetoembarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschieffinancialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvinganillegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial. MrStonecipheracrustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethecompany’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedlypuritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verballyexplicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseemsthoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthatone-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthatover40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwithacolleagueandthatinhalfofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthetime.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeingapparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebeforetheymarried. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext
[A]Internationalstudentshavethesameneedsaslocalstudentsandshouldbeaccordedequivalentrightsandprotections—exceptinafewareassuchasvotinginnationalelections.Amorecomprehensiveandrights-basedapproachtothesecurityofinternationalstudentscouldbeobtainedthroughbilateralnegotiationsbetweenthecountriesthatsendandreceivethem.ChinaIndiaMalaysiaandothernationsshouldseekasystematicregimeofprotectionandrespectfortheircitizenswhostudyinothercountries.Asapatternofbilateralnegotiationsbecameestablishedcommonglobalstandardscouldemerge. [B]WhatdidwefindTheexperienceofinternationalstudentsdiffersfromthatoflocalstudentsinthreeways.Firstthelivesofinternationalstudentsaremoremarginallonelierandlessinformedthanthoseoftheirlocalpeers.SecondthemajorityofinternationalstudentsinAustraliafaceatleastsomebarrierstocommunicatinginEnglishthataffectnotjustacademicprogressbutalsodailylife.Problemsofabuseordiscriminationareoftenassociatedwithcommunicationsissues.Thirdtherearepronounceddifferencesbetweenlocalandinternationalstudentsinareaswhereculturalidentityareatplaynotjustincross-culturalrelationsbutinlookingforrentalhousingseekingajobandsoon. [C]Nationalandstategovernmentsshouldalsosubsidizeaffordablehousingforamixofinternationalandlocalstudentsinareaswherestudentsstudyandwork.Thegovernmentsshouldalsorequireinspectionsofstudents’rentalhousing.Theyshouldprovidesupervisedtransportespeciallyatnight.Thepoliceshouldpatrolhotspotswhereviolenceisoccurringormightoccur.Internationalstudentsshouldreceiveadequateinformationaboutsafetyandsecurityuponarrivalintheirnewcountries. [D]Wedefinedstudentsecurityasincludingthefullrangeofissuesaffectingtheempowermentandprotectionofinternationalstudents:financialsupporthousinghealthsafetyworkissuesandrelationswiththeiruniversitiesandthegovernment’simmigrationdepartment.Wealsolookedintointernationalstudents’personalnetworkscommunicationsandinterculturalissues.WeconductedtheempiricalworkforourstudyinAustraliabutourresearchandthatofotherscholarsshowthattheunderlyingissuesarecommontosomeextenttoallcountries. [E]Thefundamentalproblemhoweverlieswithnations’regulatoryframeworkswhichshouldbemodifiedforaglobalizedworld.Wemustfindwaysofmovinginternational-studentsecurityupthepolicyagendaofnationalgovernmentsmultilateralforumsandglobalagencies.AustralianinternationaleducationforexampleisnowregulatedthroughtheEducationServicesforOverseasStudentsAct.Itimposesobligationsonproviderinstitutionsmostlyinrelationtoconsumerprotectionandimmigrationcompliance.Butsafetyoncampusisnotmentioned.Theactdoesnotcoverstudents’livesinthecommunityoutsidethecampuswheremostproblemsofsecurityoccur. [F]Butdelvedeeperandyouwillfindthatalthoughmoststudentssucceedabroadandhavesatisfyingexperiencescertainlynotallofthemdo—andsomehavemajorproblemswhichcanrangefarbeyondlonelinessanddifficultiesadjustingtonewcultures.Someinternationalstudentsarevictimsofterriblecrimes.Unfortunatelytheirsecurityisnotadequatelyensuredbythecountrieswheretheystudywhichstilltreatthemasoutsidersandtheirrightsasprivilegesthatcanbeignored.Eventhoughglobalmobilityineducationhasrenderedsuchanapproachobsoletenationalregulationshavenotkeptpace. [G]WhatshouldbedonetoimprovethesafetyandsecurityofinternationalstudentsForthemsecuritymeansnotonlyprotectionbutalsothecapacitytooperateasfreehumanagentsmakingchoices.Formanyinternationalstudentsacquiringcommunicationskillsisalmostasimportantasacquiringdegrees.UniversitiesinEnglish-speakingcountriesshouldmakeEnglish-languagecommunicationaformalrequirementfordegreestatus. 41
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 7
Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandofcardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythegameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongandhealthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterriblediseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsaredealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeopleneverknewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefutureonlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsorgrandparents. Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofinddangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretestedpositiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelseexceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortestresults. SofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestforafatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsforsevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’sgeneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseofgeneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthetestsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswerisclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcostlifeinsurersdearly. Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgeneticanswerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskofdeathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththeriskofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticorenvironmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredictwhetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyearsresearcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenesandwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwiththem. Healthauthoritiesallowinsurerstousegeneticinformationforthepurposeof
WhenNickA.Coreodilosstartedoutintheheadhuntingbusiness20yearsagohehadakeeneyefortrackingtalents.FromhisbaseinSiliconValleyhewouldsendall-starperformerstoblue-chipcompanieslikeXeroxIBMandGeneralElectric.Butwhilehewouldsucceedinhispartofthehuntthejob-seekershelocatedwouldoftenfailintheirs.Theywerestrikingoutbeforeduringoraftertheinterview.SoinsteadofsimplyhuntingfortalentCorcodilosbeganadvisingjobcandidatesaswell.Hehelpedimprovetheirsuccessratiobyteachingthemtopursuefewercompaniesmaketherightcontactsanddeliverwhatcompaniesarelookingforinaninterview.Inhismyth-bustingbookAsktheHeadhunterPlume1997Coreodiloshasreinventedtherulesofthejobsearchfrompreparationtointerviewtechniques.Herearehissixnewprinciplesforsuccessfuljobhunting:41.Yourresumeismeaningless.Headhuntersknowaresumerarelygetsyouinsideacompany.Allitdoesistooutlineyourpastlargelyirrelevantsinceitdoesn’tdemonstratethatyoucandotheworkthehiringmanagerneedstobedone.42.Don’tgetlostinHR.Headhunterstrytogetaroundthehumanresourcesdepartmentwheneverpossible.43.Therealmatchmakingtakesplacebeforetheinterview.Aheadhuntersendsacandidateintoaninterviewonlyifheorsheisclearlyqualifiedfortheposition.Inyourownjobhuntmakethesameefforttoensureagoodfit.Knowtheparametersofthejobwhenyouwalkintotheinterview.Researchthecompanyfindingoutaboutitsculturegoalsandcompetitors.Remembertheemployerwantstohireyou.AcompanyholdsinterviewssoitcanfindthebestpersonforthejobCorcodilossays.Themanagerwillbeecstaticifthatpersonturnsouttobeyoubecausethenheorshecanstopinterviewingandgetbacktowork.44.Pretendtheinterviewisyourfirstdayatwork.Mostpeopletreataninterviewasifitwereaninterrogation.Theemployerasksquestionsandthecandidategivesanswers.Headhuntersgooutoftheirwaytoavoidthatscenario.45.Gotanoffer.Interviewthecompany.Whenanemployermakesanofferhedoesmorethandeliveratitleandacompensationpackagehealsocedespartofhiscontroloverthehiringprocess.OnceyougetthatofferYouhavethepowersaysCoreodilostodecidewhetherandonwhattermsyouwanttohirethatcompany.[A]ConsiderhowCorcodiloscoachedGerryZagorskiofEdison.N.J.whowaspursuinganopeningatAT&T.Zagorskiwalkedovertothevicepresident’smarkerboardandoutlinedthecompany’schallengesandthestepshewouldtaketoincreaseitsprofits.FifteenminuteslaterasZagorskiwrotedownhisestimateofwhathewouldaddtothebottomlinehelookedupathisinterviewer.[B]Oneofthebestwaystolearnaboutacompanyistotalktopeoplewhoworkthere.KentonGreenofAnnArborMich.usedthistechniquewhilecompletingadoctoralprograminelectricalengineeringandopticsattheUniversityofRochester:Iwouldfindanarticlepublishedbysomeoneinmyfieldwhoworkedatacompany1wasinterestedin.ThenI’dcallthatpersonandasktotalkmentionmyemployabilityanddiscussthecompany’sneeds.Oneoftwothingshappened:I’deithergetanintervieworlearnweweren’tagoodmatchafterall.[C]MostHRdepartmentscreateaninfrastructurethatprimarilyinvolvesprocessingpaperCorcodilossays.Theypackageorganizefileandsortyou.Thenifyouhaven’tgottenlostintheshuffletheymightpassyouontoamanagerwhoactuallyknowswhattheworkisallabout.WhilethetypicalcandidateiswaitingtobeinterviewedbyHRtheheadhunterisonthephoneusingabackchanneltogettothehiringmanager.[D]AttheoutsetoftheinterviewtheemployercontrolstheofferantithepowerthatcomeswithitCorcodilossays.Butuponmakinganofferhetransfersthatpowertothecandidate.Thisisapowerfewpeopleinthatsituationrealizetheyhave.It’sthetimeforyoutoexplorechangingtheoffertosuityourgoalsandfidlyinterviewthecompany.[E]Theguy’sjawwasonthefloorCorcodilossays.HetoldZagorskithatfinishingtheinterviewwouldn’tbenecessary.InsteadtheVPbroughtintherestofhisteamandthemeetinglastedfortwohours.[F]AresmneleavesituptoemployerstofigureouthowyoucanhelptheirorganizationCorcodilossays.That’snowaytosellyourself.[G]Oneofmyformercolleaguesforexamplewroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultisofcoursetheonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.41.______42.______43.______44.______45.______
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 1
EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalonemorethan250animalsareslaughteredforfoodaddinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone’sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial. Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetesobesityarthritisandmanyotherillnesses.Furthermoremeat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseasesincludingcancerandtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrientsespeciallyproteinandiron.ActuallyaccordingtoATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarianbyJudyKrizmanicproteinisfoundinalmosteveryfoodandironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A1988studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier. Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infacttheoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecornand95%oftheoatsgrownintheUSarefedtolivestock.Theworld’scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeoplemorethantheentirehumanpopulation.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitesStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1poundofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplantstheamountofavailablefoodwillincrease. Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalf.asquarefootofspaceeachandsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogetherahotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewisepigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother’stailssoboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn. Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimalsthehealthofpeopleandtothehealthoftheworld. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
Childreninanysocietyareexpectedtolearntoconformtoanumberofsocialrulesandexpectationsiftheyaretobecomeparticipantsintheculture.46Amongtherulesthatchildreninoursocietyareexpectedtolearnarethatcertainclassesofadultssuchasteachersanddoctorsareaddressedbytitlesthatmalesandfemalesuseseparaterestroomfacilitiesandthatwomenbutnotmenweardresses.Theseareexamplesofsocialconventions.Intheabsenceofsuchasharednormtheactsareneitherrightnorwrong.Forthisreasonconventionsmaybesaidtobearbitrary.Forexample47wecouldjustaseasilyhavestudentsaddressteachersbyfirstnamesashavethemcallteachersbytheirlastnamesandformaltitlesofMr.orMs.Conventionshoweverserveanimportantfunctionbyprovidingpredictabilityandordertosociallife.48Withoutsocialconventionsitwouldbeimpossibletoorganizesocialinstitutionssuchasschoolsandsocietiesasorganizedsystemscouldnotexist.Thearbitrarinessofconventionsmakestheirimportancedifficultforchildrentofigureout.49Itisnotuntilsometimeinadolescencethatchildrencometofullyunderstandthefunctionthatthesearbitraryconventionsservetoprovidepredictabilityandordertooursocialinteractions.Incontrastwithissuesofconventionaremattersofmorality.Moralityreferstoissuesofhumanwelfarejusticeandrightsthatareafunctionoftheinherentfeaturesofinterpersonalrelations.Becauseofthistherightandwrongofmoralactionsarenotsimplydeterminedbysocialconsensusortheviewsofauthority.Forexampleitisnotpossibletohitanotherpersonwithforceandnothurttheotherperson.Similarlyitisnotpossibletostealsomethingvaluablefromsomeoneelseandnotcausethepersontoexperiencethesenseofloss.AmoraljudgmentaboutunprovokedharmItiswrongtohitwouldnotbedependentontheexistenceofasociallyagreeduponruleorstandardbutcouldbegeneratedsolelyfromtheintrinsiceffectsoftheacti.e.hittinghurts.50Similaranalysescouldbedoneregardingabroaderrangeofissuesthatwouldextendbeyonddirectharmtoconcernsforwhatitmeanstobejustcompassionateandconsiderateoftherightsofothers.
What’syourearliestchildhoodmemoryCanyourememberlearningtowalkOrtalkThefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogramAdultsseldom1eventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool2childrenyoungerthanthreeorfour3retainanyspecificpersonalexperiences. Avarietyofexplanationshavebeen4bypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia".Onearguesthatthehippo-campus;theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemoriesdoesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6thatsinceadultsdon’tthinklikechildrentheycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwordsandtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestorytheydon’tfindanythatfitthe11.It’sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary. NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren’tanyearlychildhoodmemoriesto13.AccordingtoDr.Simmschildrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse’sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshort-termquicklyforgotten15ofthemintolong-termmemories.Inother16childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkabout17--Mothertalkingabouttheafternoon18lookingforseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcementsaysDr.Simmschildrencannotform20memoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences. Notes:childhoodamnesia儿童失忆症 19
Childreninanysocietyareexpectedtolearntoconformtoanumberofsocialrulesandexpectationsiftheyaretobecomeparticipantsintheculture.46Amongtherulesthatchildreninoursocietyareexpectedtolearnarethatcertainclassesofadultssuchasteachersanddoctorsareaddressedbytitlesthatmalesandfemalesuseseparaterestroomfacilitiesandthatwomenbutnotmenweardresses.Theseareexamplesofsocialconventions.Intheabsenceofsuchasharednormtheactsareneitherrightnorwrong.Forthisreasonconventionsmaybesaidtobearbitrary.Forexample47wecouldjustaseasilyhavestudentsaddressteachersbyfirstnamesashavethemcallteachersbytheirlastnamesandformaltitlesofMr.orMs.Conventionshoweverserveanimportantfunctionbyprovidingpredictabilityandordertosociallife.48Withoutsocialconventionsitwouldbeimpossibletoorganizesocialinstitutionssuchasschoolsandsocietiesasorganizedsystemscouldnotexist.Thearbitrarinessofconventionsmakestheirimportancedifficultforchildrentofigureout.49Itisnotuntilsometimeinadolescencethatchildrencometofullyunderstandthefunctionthatthesearbitraryconventionsservetoprovidepredictabilityandordertooursocialinteractions.Incontrastwithissuesofconventionaremattersofmorality.Moralityreferstoissuesofhumanwelfarejusticeandrightsthatareafunctionoftheinherentfeaturesofinterpersonalrelations.Becauseofthistherightandwrongofmoralactionsarenotsimplydeterminedbysocialconsensusortheviewsofauthority.Forexampleitisnotpossibletohitanotherpersonwithforceandnothurttheotherperson.Similarlyitisnotpossibletostealsomethingvaluablefromsomeoneelseandnotcausethepersontoexperiencethesenseofloss.AmoraljudgmentaboutunprovokedharmItiswrongtohitwouldnotbedependentontheexistenceofasociallyagreeduponruleorstandardbutcouldbegeneratedsolelyfromtheintrinsiceffectsoftheacti.e.hittinghurts.50Similaranalysescouldbedoneregardingabroaderrangeofissuesthatwouldextendbeyonddirectharmtoconcernsforwhatitmeanstobejustcompassionateandconsiderateoftherightsofothers.
Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhichunder-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies. By1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthesecompaniesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBride"FarfrompastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyearexpectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale."Thatsaysomeanalystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencreditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot. DuetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritishPortsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.ClosertohomeformostBritonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheirhome.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers. Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslongsynonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%ofemployeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany. "Whenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomething"saidHenryDundeeofAssociatedBritishPorts"theythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworktomakeitprosper."AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangertolaborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits."Privatizationwasonlythestart"saysonemarketanalyst"whatwemayhavehereisanewindustrialrevolution./ Thebesttitleforthetextmightbe
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