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Passage Four The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged....
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--Areyoupleasedwithyourwork--Yesitcouldn'tbe______.
PassageThree Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecological生态的balanceasitisknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposed处理ofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsareproducedandmadecomplextherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmore.complexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulation.Howeverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilisers人造肥料cannotbringbackthebalance. Whateverisunderlying潜在的reasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitter杂乱的废物andwaste.Foodcomeswrapedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteresourcesintermsofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofustobuythingswedon’twanttobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives. Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby
EveryoneusestheexpressionsAMandPM.Butdoyouexactlyknowwhattheymeanandhowtheycameintobeing Asyouknowtheturningoftheearthmakesthesunandthestarsseemtomoveacrossthesky.Daylightofcourse21whenthesunrisesintheeastandwhenthesunishigh22theskybetweenthesetwopositionshalfofthedaylighthourshavebeenspent. Thereforebynoticing23thesunstoodintheskyearlymanknowtheycouldtellthetimeoftheday.Atnightthemotionofthestars24thesamepurpose.Theimportantthinginkeepingtimeistoknowtheexactmomentof25.Foreachofuswhereverwearenooniswhenthesunisdirectlyoverhead.Thinkofanimaginaryline26theskystretchingfromthenorthpointofyourhorizonjusttothesouthpoint. Whenthesuncrossyourmeridian子午线itisnoonforyou.Whenthesunstill27ofthislineorthemeridianitismorning.Afterthesunhascrossedthislineitis28. TheLatinwordfor"midday"is"deridian"29whichcomesourwordmeridian.SoAMisanabbreviation缩写词for"antemeridean"orbeforemiddayandPMforaftermidday.Eachortheworld’stimezones时区isaboutfifteendegreeswideinlongitude经度whichisaboutthedistancethesunmovesthroughtheskyinanhour.30livesinthesametimezoneobservesnoonatthesamemoment.Inthiswaythetimeisdifferentbyonehourasyoumovethrougheachtimezone. 26
EveryoneusestheexpressionsAMandPM.Butdoyouexactlyknowwhattheymeanandhowtheycameintobeing Asyouknowtheturningoftheearthmakesthesunandthestarsseemtomoveacrossthesky.Daylightofcourse21whenthesunrisesintheeastandwhenthesunishigh22theskybetweenthesetwopositionshalfofthedaylighthourshavebeenspent. Thereforebynoticing23thesunstoodintheskyearlymanknowtheycouldtellthetimeoftheday.Atnightthemotionofthestars24thesamepurpose.Theimportantthinginkeepingtimeistoknowtheexactmomentof25.Foreachofuswhereverwearenooniswhenthesunisdirectlyoverhead.Thinkofanimaginaryline26theskystretchingfromthenorthpointofyourhorizonjusttothesouthpoint. Whenthesuncrossyourmeridian子午线itisnoonforyou.Whenthesunstill27ofthislineorthemeridianitismorning.Afterthesunhascrossedthislineitis28. TheLatinwordfor"midday"is"deridian"29whichcomesourwordmeridian.SoAMisanabbreviation缩写词for"antemeridean"orbeforemiddayandPMforaftermidday.Eachortheworld’stimezones时区isaboutfifteendegreeswideinlongitude经度whichisaboutthedistancethesunmovesthroughtheskyinanhour.30livesinthesametimezoneobservesnoonatthesamemoment.Inthiswaythetimeisdifferentbyonehourasyoumovethrougheachtimezone. 28
A．flood B．books C．other D．double
ItseemsthattheHopeProject______wellinChin
PassageFour Womenearnlessthanmendo.Forexamplein1998thehourlywagesofwomenintheU.S.were26%lessthanthoseofmen.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleincomesbecomeswiderwithage.Thegapbetweenthelaborincomesofyoungwomenandyoungmenvaries.It’salsoclearthatjobsinwhichwomenareconcentratedpayless.Thelargerthenumberofworkerswhoarewomeninanindustrythelowertheaveragewages. WhydowomenearnlessthanmendoArethedifferencesexplainedbythefactthatwomenarelookeddownuponIfsothegovernmenthastointervene干预toforcetheemployerstopayequalwagestoequaljobs.Howeverthereisnoagreementamongeconomistsaboutthecausesofthegap.Oneviewarguesthatwomenontheaveragehavechosenlow-paidjobsinwhichworkersenjoythefreedomofenteringandleavingthelaborforcewhichreducestheiryearsofexperiencerelativetomen.Otherpeoplesaythegapcanalsobeexplainedbythedifferenceineducationalbackground. Muchofthegaphoweverhasnotbeenfullyexplained.Itmightbetheresultofsomeprejudice偏见againstwomen.Itisthispartthathasproducedcallsforgovernmentaction.WhatwouldhappenifthegovernmentdidintervenetoincreasethewagespaidtowomenOnepossibilityisthatincomesforwomenasagroupmightactuallydecline下降.Anincreaseinwagedecreasesthequantityoflaborimputdemandedresultingindecreasedemploymentastherateofhiringr~ewworkersdeclines.Theresultwillbeasurplus过剩oflabor.Thosewhocanfindjobsmightbebetteroffwhilethosewhohadjobsmightfindthemselvesoutofwork. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthatthegovernmentshoulddoforwomenworkers
PassageTwo Therewasabigpileofbricksonthetopofatallbuildingandamanhadtobringthemdowntotheground.Hehadalongropewhichwentoverapulley滑轮attheroofofthebuilding.Theotherendwasfastenedtoabigbox. Firsthepulledtheboxuptothetopofthebuildingandfastenedtheendoftheropesothattheboxcouldnotcomedown.Thenheclimbeduptheladderandfilledtheboxwithbricks.Nextheclimbeddowntheladderanduntiedtherope.Unfortunatelytheboxofbrickswasheavierthanthemanandasaresulthewaspulledupbytherope.Half-wayuptheboxofbrickshithimasitwascomingdown. Whenhereachedthetophisheadhitthepulley.Theboxofbrickshitthegroundandbroke.Asaresultthebricksfellout.Theboxwasthenlighterthanthemanandconsequentlyhebegantocomedownandtheboxbegantogoup. Half-wayuptheboxhittheman.Themanstillheldontotheropeandtheboxthereforecontinuedtogoup.Themanthenreachedtheground.Thenhelettotheropetorubhishead.Theboxofcoursethenfelldownandhitthemanontheheadagain.Asaresultanambulancecameandtookhimtohospital. Theboxofbrickshitthemanbecause
PassageOne Youngpeoplewhodrinkorusedrugsaremainlyinfluencedbyboththeirparentsandtheirpressure. Otherreasonstheytakethatfirstdrinkaretoberebellious__的forcuriosityor"kicks"刺激ortoescapeanunpleasantenvironment.Andyoungpeopledrinkandusedrugsbecausealcohol酒精anddrugsareathand. Afterfirstexperimentaluseyoungpeoplecontinuetodrinkorusedrugsbecausetheybelievethesesubstancescanrelieveboredomincreaseenergydecreaseanxietysolveproblemsorhelpthemsocially.Theymaysimplylikethe"high"theygetintheearlyandmiddlestagesofsubstanceuse.Aftercontinuedusetheywilldrinkorusedrugsbecausetheybecomephysicallyandpsychologically心理地addicted上瘾的. Nowthatwehaveadmittedthatwehavetosolvethisproblem.Wemustdecidehowtodealwiththischallenge.Winningthiswilltakeagreateffortinvolvinglocalstateandnationalgovernment.Itwillrequiretheeffortofschoolsbutitcannotbedonebyschoolsalone.Itwilltakefamilyandcommunityinvolvement.Alreadyagreatamountoftimeenergyandexpertknowledgehasbeendirectedtowarddealingwithitbuttheproblemcontinues. Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthereasonofdrinkingandusingdrugsinthepassage
PassageThree Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecological生态的balanceasitisknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposed处理ofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsareproducedandmadecomplextherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmore.complexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulation.Howeverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilisers人造肥料cannotbringbackthebalance. Whateverisunderlying潜在的reasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitter杂乱的废物andwaste.Foodcomeswrapedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteresourcesintermsofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofustobuythingswedon’twanttobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives. Inthewriter;sviewthemorenewgoodsthereare
PassageFive AustraliaisnearlyaslargeastheUnitedStatesbutmostofitistoodryforpeopletolivein.Aroundthisdrypartarelargesheepandcowfarms.AfewofthemareaslargeasthesmalleststatesinAmerica.Oftenthenearestneighboursareseveralhundredkilometersaway. Thetwo-wayradioisveryimportanttopeoplewholiveonthesegreatAustralianfarms.Itworksmuchlikeatelephone.Apersoncanlistentosomeoneelsetalkandthengiveananswer.Forexamplepeopleonthelargefarmscouldtalktoadoctorfaraway.Theycouldtellthedoctoraboutsome-onewhowasillandthedoctorcouldletthemknowhowtolookafterthesickperson. Asthelargefarmsweresofarfromtownsthechildrencouldnotgotoschool.Radioschoolswerestartedfortheminsomeplaces.Atacertaintimeeachdayboysandgirlsturnontheirradiosandlistentoteachersincitiesfaraway. Familiesonthelargefarmswantedtogivenewstotheirneighbours.Theprogramme"RoundRobinTalks"byradiowasstartedtokeepfamiliesintouchwitheachother.Theycouldtalkaboutwhowasgoingawayandwhowasill.Themencouldtalkabouttheirsheepandcowsandhowmuchmoneythemarketswouldpayforthem.InmanywaystheradiobecameanewspaperforthefarmpeopleofAustralia. Thewordsickinthesecondparagraphmeans
A.That’sagoodidea. B.Sure. C.Ioftengothere. D.Yes.I’vepassedtheexam. E.Almost. F.Iaskedafewquestions. G.Herfather.wassick. H.Yougostraighttobed. Bill:WouldyoupleasegivemealiftJane:______
EveryoneusestheexpressionsAMandPM.Butdoyouexactlyknowwhattheymeanandhowtheycameintobeing Asyouknowtheturningoftheearthmakesthesunandthestarsseemtomoveacrossthesky.Daylightofcourse21whenthesunrisesintheeastandwhenthesunishigh22theskybetweenthesetwopositionshalfofthedaylighthourshavebeenspent. Thereforebynoticing23thesunstoodintheskyearlymanknowtheycouldtellthetimeoftheday.Atnightthemotionofthestars24thesamepurpose.Theimportantthinginkeepingtimeistoknowtheexactmomentof25.Foreachofuswhereverwearenooniswhenthesunisdirectlyoverhead.Thinkofanimaginaryline26theskystretchingfromthenorthpointofyourhorizonjusttothesouthpoint. Whenthesuncrossyourmeridian子午线itisnoonforyou.Whenthesunstill27ofthislineorthemeridianitismorning.Afterthesunhascrossedthislineitis28. TheLatinwordfor"midday"is"deridian"29whichcomesourwordmeridian.SoAMisanabbreviation缩写词for"antemeridean"orbeforemiddayandPMforaftermidday.Eachortheworld’stimezones时区isaboutfifteendegreeswideinlongitude经度whichisaboutthedistancethesunmovesthroughtheskyinanhour.30livesinthesametimezoneobservesnoonatthesamemoment.Inthiswaythetimeisdifferentbyonehourasyoumovethrougheachtimezone. 30
Tomwentouttoplaywithhishomework______.
PassageOne Youngpeoplewhodrinkorusedrugsaremainlyinfluencedbyboththeirparentsandtheirpressure. Otherreasonstheytakethatfirstdrinkaretoberebellious__的forcuriosityor"kicks"刺激ortoescapeanunpleasantenvironment.Andyoungpeopledrinkandusedrugsbecausealcohol酒精anddrugsareathand. Afterfirstexperimentaluseyoungpeoplecontinuetodrinkorusedrugsbecausetheybelievethesesubstancescanrelieveboredomincreaseenergydecreaseanxietysolveproblemsorhelpthemsocially.Theymaysimplylikethe"high"theygetintheearlyandmiddlestagesofsubstanceuse.Aftercontinuedusetheywilldrinkorusedrugsbecausetheybecomephysicallyandpsychologically心理地addicted上瘾的. Nowthatwehaveadmittedthatwehavetosolvethisproblem.Wemustdecidehowtodealwiththischallenge.Winningthiswilltakeagreateffortinvolvinglocalstateandnationalgovernment.Itwillrequiretheeffortofschoolsbutitcannotbedonebyschoolsalone.Itwilltakefamilyandcommunityinvolvement.Alreadyagreatamountoftimeenergyandexpertknowledgehasbeendirectedtowarddealingwithitbuttheproblemcontinues. shouldinvolveinthecampaigntodealwiththesubstanceabuseamongyouth.
A.That’sagoodidea. B.Sure. C.Ioftengothere. D.Yes.I’vepassedtheexam. E.Almost. F.Iaskedafewquestions. G.Herfather.wassick. H.Yougostraighttobed. Henry:HavewegoteverythingreadyforthetriptoNewYorkAlice:______
PassageFive AustraliaisnearlyaslargeastheUnitedStatesbutmostofitistoodryforpeopletolivein.Aroundthisdrypartarelargesheepandcowfarms.AfewofthemareaslargeasthesmalleststatesinAmerica.Oftenthenearestneighboursareseveralhundredkilometersaway. Thetwo-wayradioisveryimportanttopeoplewholiveonthesegreatAustralianfarms.Itworksmuchlikeatelephone.Apersoncanlistentosomeoneelsetalkandthengiveananswer.Forexamplepeopleonthelargefarmscouldtalktoadoctorfaraway.Theycouldtellthedoctoraboutsome-onewhowasillandthedoctorcouldletthemknowhowtolookafterthesickperson. Asthelargefarmsweresofarfromtownsthechildrencouldnotgotoschool.Radioschoolswerestartedfortheminsomeplaces.Atacertaintimeeachdayboysandgirlsturnontheirradiosandlistentoteachersincitiesfaraway. Familiesonthelargefarmswantedtogivenewstotheirneighbours.Theprogramme"RoundRobinTalks"byradiowasstartedtokeepfamiliesintouchwitheachother.Theycouldtalkaboutwhowasgoingawayandwhowasill.Themencouldtalkabouttheirsheepandcowsandhowmuchmoneythemarketswouldpayforthem.InmanywaystheradiobecameanewspaperforthefarmpeopleofAustralia. Thechildrenonthelargefarmsfaraway
PassageTwo Therewasabigpileofbricksonthetopofatallbuildingandamanhadtobringthemdowntotheground.Hehadalongropewhichwentoverapulley滑轮attheroofofthebuilding.Theotherendwasfastenedtoabigbox. Firsthepulledtheboxuptothetopofthebuildingandfastenedtheendoftheropesothattheboxcouldnotcomedown.Thenheclimbeduptheladderandfilledtheboxwithbricks.Nextheclimbeddowntheladderanduntiedtherope.Unfortunatelytheboxofbrickswasheavierthanthemanandasaresulthewaspulledupbytherope.Half-wayuptheboxofbrickshithimasitwascomingdown. Whenhereachedthetophisheadhitthepulley.Theboxofbrickshitthegroundandbroke.Asaresultthebricksfellout.Theboxwasthenlighterthanthemanandconsequentlyhebegantocomedownandtheboxbegantogoup. Half-wayuptheboxhittheman.Themanstillheldontotheropeandtheboxthereforecontinuedtogoup.Themanthenreachedtheground.Thenhelettotheropetorubhishead.Theboxofcoursethenfelldownandhitthemanontheheadagain.Asaresultanambulancecameandtookhimtohospital. Whydidthemanfastentheendoftheropebeforeheclimbeduptheladder
Mary______herkeysinherofficeandshehadto______outofthehouse.
A．machine B．headache C．chemistry D．character
--Iamnotquitemyselftoday.--______goandseeadoctor
A．months B．mouths C．paths D．clothes
PassageTwo Therewasabigpileofbricksonthetopofatallbuildingandamanhadtobringthemdowntotheground.Hehadalongropewhichwentoverapulley滑轮attheroofofthebuilding.Theotherendwasfastenedtoabigbox. Firsthepulledtheboxuptothetopofthebuildingandfastenedtheendoftheropesothattheboxcouldnotcomedown.Thenheclimbeduptheladderandfilledtheboxwithbricks.Nextheclimbeddowntheladderanduntiedtherope.Unfortunatelytheboxofbrickswasheavierthanthemanandasaresulthewaspulledupbytherope.Half-wayuptheboxofbrickshithimasitwascomingdown. Whenhereachedthetophisheadhitthepulley.Theboxofbrickshitthegroundandbroke.Asaresultthebricksfellout.Theboxwasthenlighterthanthemanandconsequentlyhebegantocomedownandtheboxbegantogoup. Half-wayuptheboxhittheman.Themanstillheldontotheropeandtheboxthereforecontinuedtogoup.Themanthenreachedtheground.Thenhelettotheropetorubhishead.Theboxofcoursethenfelldownandhitthemanontheheadagain.Asaresultanambulancecameandtookhimtohospital. Whathappenedwhenthemanletgotherope
A.That’sagoodidea. B.Sure. C.Ioftengothere. D.Yes.I’vepassedtheexam. E.Almost. F.Iaskedafewquestions. G.Herfather.wassick. H.Yougostraighttobed. Fred:Whydidn’tKatecometoclasstodayNancy:______
PassageFour Womenearnlessthanmendo.Forexamplein1998thehourlywagesofwomenintheU.S.were26%lessthanthoseofmen.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleincomesbecomeswiderwithage.Thegapbetweenthelaborincomesofyoungwomenandyoungmenvaries.It’salsoclearthatjobsinwhichwomenareconcentratedpayless.Thelargerthenumberofworkerswhoarewomeninanindustrythelowertheaveragewages. WhydowomenearnlessthanmendoArethedifferencesexplainedbythefactthatwomenarelookeddownuponIfsothegovernmenthastointervene干预toforcetheemployerstopayequalwagestoequaljobs.Howeverthereisnoagreementamongeconomistsaboutthecausesofthegap.Oneviewarguesthatwomenontheaveragehavechosenlow-paidjobsinwhichworkersenjoythefreedomofenteringandleavingthelaborforcewhichreducestheiryearsofexperiencerelativetomen.Otherpeoplesaythegapcanalsobeexplainedbythedifferenceineducationalbackground. Muchofthegaphoweverhasnotbeenfullyexplained.Itmightbetheresultofsomeprejudice偏见againstwomen.Itisthispartthathasproducedcallsforgovernmentaction.WhatwouldhappenifthegovernmentdidintervenetoincreasethewagespaidtowomenOnepossibilityisthatincomesforwomenasagroupmightactuallydecline下降.Anincreaseinwagedecreasesthequantityoflaborimputdemandedresultingindecreasedemploymentastherateofhiringr~ewworkersdeclines.Theresultwillbeasurplus过剩oflabor.Thosewhocanfindjobsmightbebetteroffwhilethosewhohadjobsmightfindthemselvesoutofwork. WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph
Sheisalwaysthefirst______toschool.
EveryoneusestheexpressionsAMandPM.Butdoyouexactlyknowwhattheymeanandhowtheycameintobeing Asyouknowtheturningoftheearthmakesthesunandthestarsseemtomoveacrossthesky.Daylightofcourse21whenthesunrisesintheeastandwhenthesunishigh22theskybetweenthesetwopositionshalfofthedaylighthourshavebeenspent. Thereforebynoticing23thesunstoodintheskyearlymanknowtheycouldtellthetimeoftheday.Atnightthemotionofthestars24thesamepurpose.Theimportantthinginkeepingtimeistoknowtheexactmomentof25.Foreachofuswhereverwearenooniswhenthesunisdirectlyoverhead.Thinkofanimaginaryline26theskystretchingfromthenorthpointofyourhorizonjusttothesouthpoint. Whenthesuncrossyourmeridian子午线itisnoonforyou.Whenthesunstill27ofthislineorthemeridianitismorning.Afterthesunhascrossedthislineitis28. TheLatinwordfor"midday"is"deridian"29whichcomesourwordmeridian.SoAMisanabbreviation缩写词for"antemeridean"orbeforemiddayandPMforaftermidday.Eachortheworld’stimezones时区isaboutfifteendegreeswideinlongitude经度whichisaboutthedistancethesunmovesthroughtheskyinanhour.30livesinthesametimezoneobservesnoonatthesamemoment.Inthiswaythetimeisdifferentbyonehourasyoumovethrougheachtimezone. 22
PassageFour Womenearnlessthanmendo.Forexamplein1998thehourlywagesofwomenintheU.S.were26%lessthanthoseofmen.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleincomesbecomeswiderwithage.Thegapbetweenthelaborincomesofyoungwomenandyoungmenvaries.It’salsoclearthatjobsinwhichwomenareconcentratedpayless.Thelargerthenumberofworkerswhoarewomeninanindustrythelowertheaveragewages. WhydowomenearnlessthanmendoArethedifferencesexplainedbythefactthatwomenarelookeddownuponIfsothegovernmenthastointervene干预toforcetheemployerstopayequalwagestoequaljobs.Howeverthereisnoagreementamongeconomistsaboutthecausesofthegap.Oneviewarguesthatwomenontheaveragehavechosenlow-paidjobsinwhichworkersenjoythefreedomofenteringandleavingthelaborforcewhichreducestheiryearsofexperiencerelativetomen.Otherpeoplesaythegapcanalsobeexplainedbythedifferenceineducationalbackground. Muchofthegaphoweverhasnotbeenfullyexplained.Itmightbetheresultofsomeprejudice偏见againstwomen.Itisthispartthathasproducedcallsforgovernmentaction.WhatwouldhappenifthegovernmentdidintervenetoincreasethewagespaidtowomenOnepossibilityisthatincomesforwomenasagroupmightactuallydecline下降.Anincreaseinwagedecreasesthequantityoflaborimputdemandedresultingindecreasedemploymentastherateofhiringr~ewworkersdeclines.Theresultwillbeasurplus过剩oflabor.Thosewhocanfindjobsmightbebetteroffwhilethosewhohadjobsmightfindthemselvesoutofwork. Thedifferenceinlaborincomesismostobviousbetween
EveryoneusestheexpressionsAMandPM.Butdoyouexactlyknowwhattheymeanandhowtheycameintobeing Asyouknowtheturningoftheearthmakesthesunandthestarsseemtomoveacrossthesky.Daylightofcourse21whenthesunrisesintheeastandwhenthesunishigh22theskybetweenthesetwopositionshalfofthedaylighthourshavebeenspent. Thereforebynoticing23thesunstoodintheskyearlymanknowtheycouldtellthetimeoftheday.Atnightthemotionofthestars24thesamepurpose.Theimportantthinginkeepingtimeistoknowtheexactmomentof25.Foreachofuswhereverwearenooniswhenthesunisdirectlyoverhead.Thinkofanimaginaryline26theskystretchingfromthenorthpointofyourhorizonjusttothesouthpoint. Whenthesuncrossyourmeridian子午线itisnoonforyou.Whenthesunstill27ofthislineorthemeridianitismorning.Afterthesunhascrossedthislineitis28. TheLatinwordfor"midday"is"deridian"29whichcomesourwordmeridian.SoAMisanabbreviation缩写词for"antemeridean"orbeforemiddayandPMforaftermidday.Eachortheworld’stimezones时区isaboutfifteendegreeswideinlongitude经度whichisaboutthedistancethesunmovesthroughtheskyinanhour.30livesinthesametimezoneobservesnoonatthesamemoment.Inthiswaythetimeisdifferentbyonehourasyoumovethrougheachtimezone. 24
Mr.Brownownsa______shopintown.Healsoemploysthree______assistants.
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