首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. In (51) a job or advancing in one, the abi...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
理工类《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Confucius’works______bymanypeopletoday.
are read
are readed
are reading
read
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Formanypeopletodayreadingisnolongerrelaxation.Toke
三阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读下面短文从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项并把答案写在
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
根据短文内容和首字母提示在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整每空一词Todaywehavemanyw_
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Readingisveryimportant.WorldBookDayfallsonApril23e
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
WorldBookDayfallsonApril23everyyear.Itwassetupbyth
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Manypeopleenjoyreadingtogetknowledgeorskillsbutnot
/; a
/; the
the; a
the; /
Somepeoplehavethefeelingthatnothingcanbedoneaboutt
语篇翻译阅读下面的短文然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语Readingisimportant.Wor
—Manypeoplepreferspendingmuchtimeonsmartphonestore
would
may
must
should
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Todaymanypeoplelikereadinge-bookssomostlibrariesa
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
热门试题
更多
Intelligentcardoorclampsupwhendanger’saboutAccidentscausedbycardoorsbeingopenedintothepathofoncomingvehiclesorcyclistsarecommonincities.Buttheseincidentscouldbecomeathingofthepastifdoorsthatreacttopotentialimpactscatchon.ThecreativeideaofMichaelGrafatBMWandMichaelStrolz’steamattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichthehaptic-technologythatgivestactilefeedback-doorscouldcutbothroadinjuriesandrepairbillstheysay.Thecurrentprototypelookslikeanormalcardoorbutanextrametalbarrunsthroughitscentreandconnectstothecar’sframebetweenthehinges.Innormalmodethebarmovesfreelyanddoesn’taffectthedoor’smovement.Howeverifsensorsdetectanearbyobstacleatthesametimeasanaccelerometerdetectsanattempttoopenthedoorthedoor’sswingisrestrictedbyalinearmotorattachedtothebar.Topassonmoreinformationtotheusertheamountofdoorresistanceisinproportiontotheproximityofanobject-forexampleyoumightswingadoorhalfwayopenwithoutproblemsbeforeitgetsstifferasitnearsalamppost.Thecurrentprototypeusessupersonicsensorstospotdangersbutbecausetheyhavealimitedfieldofviewthenextversionwillusecamerasthatcanspan180°saysStrolz.Thenwewillbeabletosensethecompleteworkspaceofthedooranddetectpeoplewalkingbythecarorcyclingtowardsithesays.Reactionsfrom16volunteerswhotriedthenewdooratBMW’sMunichresearchcentrehavebeenencouragingtheteamtoldarecentconferenceonhapticsinSaltLakeCityUtah.ThetechnologyismatureenoughthatacarfactorycouldbepumpingitoutincarswithinayearsaysStrolz.Thebasicmechanismislikeonealreadyfeaturedinsomecars-forexampletaxiswithautomaticpassengerdoors.HoweverBMWisyettomakeanydecisiononwhethertorollitout.Whatbenefitscanthenewtechnologypossiblybringaccordingtothepassage
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
1.TheGreatWallofChinaWallsandwallbuildinghaveplayedaveryimportantroleinChineseculture.Thesepeoplefromthedimmistsofprehistoryhavebeenwall-conscious;fromtheNeolithicperiod新石器时代-whenramparts防御土墙ofpoundedearthwereused-totheCommunistRevolutionwallswereanessentialpartofanyvillage.46ThenameforcityinChinesech’engmeanswallandoverthesewalledcitiesvillageshousesandtemplespresidesthegodofwallsandmountswhosedutieswereandstillaretoprotectandberesponsibleforthewelfareoftheinhabitants.47HoweveritisindeedacommonmistaketoperceivetheGreatWallasasinglearchitecturalstructureanditwouldalsobeerroneoustoassumethatitwasbuiltduringasingledynasty.Forthebuildingofthewallspannedthevariousdynastiesandeachofthesedynastiessomehowcontributedtotherefurbishingandtheconstructionofawallwhosefoundationshadbeenlaidmanycenturiesago.48Especiallythreeofthesestates:theCh’intheChaoandtheYencorrespondingrespectivelytothemodemprovincesofShensiShanziandHopeioverandabovebuildingwallsthatsurroundedtheirkingdomsalsolaidthefoundationsonwhichCh’inShihHuangDiwouldbuildhisfirstcontinuousGreatWall.49Throughoutthecenturiesmanysettlementswereestablishedalongthenewborder.Thegarrison驻军troopswereinstructedtoreclaimwastelandandtoplantcropsonitroadsandcanalswerebuilttomentionjustafewoftheworkscarriedout.50BuildersgarrisonsartisansfarmersandpeasantsleftbehindatrailofobjectsincludinginscribedtabletshouseholdarticlesandwrittenworkwhichhavebecomeextremelyvaluablearchaeologicalevidencetothestudyofdefenseinstitutionsoftheGreatWallandtheeverydaylifeofthesepeoplewholivedanddiedalongthewall.A.Notonlytownsandvillages;thehousesandthetempleswithinthemweresomehowwalledandthehousesalsohadnowindowsoverlookingthestreetthusgivingthefeelingofwanderingaroundahugemaze迷宫.B.Alltheseundertakingsgreatlyhelpedtoincreasethecountry’stradeandculturalexchangeswithmanyremoteareasandalsowiththesoutherncentralandwesternpartsofAsia-theformationoftheSilkRoute.C.Thusagreatandextremelylaborioustasksuchasconstructingawallwhichwassupposedtorunthroughoutthecountrymustnothaveseemedsuchanabsurdity谬论.D.TheconstructionoftheGreatWallisresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariousplaces.E.ItwasduringthefourthandthirdcenturyB.C.thateachwarringstatestartedbuildingwallstoprotecttheirkingdomsbothagainstoneanotherandagainstthenorthernnomads游牧民.F.TherolethattheGreatWallplayedinthegrowthofChineseeconomywasanimportanton
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Theprojectwascompletedontimebecausethecooperationbetweenthetwocompames.
Theseprogrammesareofimmenseimportancetotheyoungstudents.
2.SpaceJunkCosmos2251wasanordinarysatellitedesignedtotransmitsignalsacrossthevastRussianlandmass.Launchedin1993itwouldappearevery90minutesorsooverthenorthernskiesrelayelectronicblipsofinformationamonganetworkofsatellitesandgroundstationslikeahockeyplayerpassingthepuckanddisappearoverthesouthernhorizon.Iridium33launchedforMotorolain1997didsomethingsimilarthoughittookaslightlydifferentorbitthatbroughtitclosesttoEarthduringitspassoverNorthAmerica.Foryearsthetwosatellitescircledtheplanetmindingtheirownbusinessnevercomingwithinathousandkilometersofoneanother.ThensomethinghappenedtoCosmos.Itmayhavesprungasmallleak;perhapsitstruckatinyasteroidorapieceofdebris.NobodyknowsforsurebutforonereasonoranotherCosmosdriftedoffcourse.T.S.KelsoanaeronauticsexpertatAnalyticalGraphicswhichprovidessatellite-trackingservicestoNASAnoticedthattheorbitsofCosmosandIridiumwerebringingthetwosatellitesclosertoeachotherallthetime.InFebruaryheissuedawarningthattheywouldpasswithinakilometerofoneanothertiewasright.OnFeb.10MotorolalosttrackofIridium’ssignal.OverthenextfewdaysKelsoandotherssurmisedthatwhatmanyhadfearedforyearshadfinallycometopass:twointactsatelliteshadcollidedheadon.Theconsequencesgofarbeyondmerelythelossoftwopiecesofproperty.Eachsatelliteweighedmorethanhalfametrictonandwasmovingat7.5kilometerspersecond.Theresultingexplosionwascatastrophicgeneratingamassivecloudofcosmicdebris—perhapsl00000piecesofjunkbiggerthanonecentimeterindiameterestimatesDavidWrightaspaceexpertattheUnionofConcernedScientists.Inonestroketheaccidentincreasedbynearlyathirdthenumberofstrayobjectsinthecrucial700-to-900-kilometerhandknownaslowEarthorbitLEO.Thejunkcloudwilleventuallydispersearoundtheentireplanetlikeashroud.Theeventservedasawake-upcalltospaceplanners.Insuranceratesforthe$18billionworthofactivecommercialsatellitesnowinorbithavetickedupwardsby10to20percentsincetheaccident.Governmentstoohavegrowntorelyonnetworksofsatellitestogatherintelligencedirectweaponssystemsforecastclimateandweatherchangesmonitoragricultureandoperatecommunicationsandnavigationsystems.Expertscalculatethatdebriswillnowstrikeoneofthe900activesatellitesinLEOeverytwoorthreeyears.Forthefirsttimejunkisthesinglebiggestriskfactortoequipmentinsomeorbits.AmongtheorbitalthreatsaretwoformerSovietnuclearreactors.EventheInternationalSpaceStationmayonedaybeatriskasdebrisslowlydescendstoits350-kilometerorbit.Cosmos2251andIridium33arecommercialsatelliteswhosharethesameorbit.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Don’tTreatAnimalsasFurryTest-tubesMostofusagreethatthereisamoralobligationtominimizethesufferingofanycaptiveanimals.Inadditiontherearenumerousself-servingreasonswhyweshouldrespectthewelfareofourcaptivecompanions.Howevertheimpactofpooranimalwelfareonthequalityofanimalsciencealwaysconcernsascientistthemost.Rodents灵长类动物makeupover80%oftheanimalsusedinscientificproceduresandmostarekeptinsmallbarrencages.Suchhousingisknowntoconstrainnormaldevelopmentaffectingthestructureandfunctionofadultrodentbrains.Theserodentsmayspend50%ofwakinghoursperformingrepetitiveactivitieswithoutapparentpurpose.Thisabnormalbehaviorislikelytoreflectwhatisgoingoninsidethebody.AsethnologistHannoWfirbeloftheJustusLiebigUniversityofGiessenGermanyputsitThepointthattheenvironmentmightchangebehaviorbutitdoesn’tchangebiologyisridiculous.Everybehaviorhasaphysiologicalbackground.Ifwelfareaffectsbehaviorandthereforebiologyitwillaffectscientificoutcomes.Aslongaswecontinuetotreatexperimentalanimalsassimplefurrytest-tubesignoringtheirabilitiesandneedsweendangerthequalityoftheworkwedowiththem.SohowcanweimprovelifeforotherspecieswhenwecannotexperienceitastheydoWe’dbetterasktheanimals.Askthemwhattheyneedandwhatcausesthemsufferingthroughcarefullydesignedpreferencetestsandin-depthbehaviouralresearch.Scientistshavealreadybegunthistaskandhavebeentoldsomeimportantandunexpectedfactsbytheirstudysubjects.Byconsistentlyself-medicatingwithpainkillersbroilerchickens嫩鸡havetoldusthattheyareinchronicpain.Bymovingabarriertwicetheirsizemink水貂havetoldusthatwaterbathsarethemostimportantenrichmentforthem.Byonlystoppingtheirfruitlessstereotypicdiggingincertaincircumstancesgerbils沙鼠havetoldusthattheyneedtobeabletosleepintunnelednest-boxes.Bybehavingnormallyagainstarlingshavetoldusthattheyneedhighfrequencylightbulbs.Whatarescientistsmostconcernedaboutaccordingtothefirstparagraph
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Agreatdealhasbeendonetobetterthesituation
Halfofworld’sprimatesfaceextinctionAlmost50%oftheworld’s634primate灵长类动物speciesfaceextinctionaccordingtoareportfromtheInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature.Habitatlossisamajorcausebutmanymonkeysandapesarebeinghuntedtoextinctionforfoodespeciallyinforestsofsouth-eastAsia.It’scheapertogointotheforestandkillamonkeythantoraiseachickensaysJean-ChristopheriedeputyheadoftheIUCN’sspeciesprogrammeandaco—authorofthereport.We’veraisedconcernsforyearsaboutprimatesbeingindangerbutnowwehavesoliddatatoshowthesituationisfarmoreseverethanweimaginedsaysRussellMittermeierpresidentofConservationInternationalwhichco-fundedthestudy.TheareasmostatriskareinVietnamandCambodiawhere90%ofspeciesarebeingdriventoextinctionbydemandformonkeymeatandbabymonkeysaspets.Mostacutelyaffectedaremedium-sizedmonkeyssuchasgibbons长臂猿leafmonkeysandlangurswhichareeasyforhunterstotrackdownandkillbecauseoftheirsizeandthenoisetheymake.InSouthAmerica.spidermonkeysandcapuchinmonkeys卷尾猴havebeenhithardest.InAfricaredcolobusmonkeysarenowcriticallyendangered.Elevenofthe13speciesassessedwerelistedascriticallyendangeredorendangered.Twomayalreadybeextinct.AmongtheAfricanspeciesthegreatapessuchasgorillas大猩猩andbonoboshavealwaystendedtograbthelimelightandeventhoughtthey’redeeplythreateneditissmallerprimatessuchastheredcolobusthatcoulddieoutfirstsaysRichardWranghampresidentoftheInternationalPrimatologicalSociety.HugepoliticaleffortsareneedednowtoreversetheimpendinglossesofthreatenedspeciessaysVid.What’sneededisnationallegislationtoprotectbiodiversitycreationofprotectedareaswithdedicatedstaffcrackdownsoncorruptionandcaptivebreedingprogrammeshesays.Butitwillbedifficulttohaltandreversethedamagedonebyhabitatdestructionandthehunters.Oncehabitatisgoneanimalshavenowheretogo.Alsokillingprimatesrapidlydepletespopulationsbecausetheyhavefeweryoungthanmanyothermammalsandtakemuchlongertobreedandraisefamilies.WhichofthefollowingisnotaneffortsuggestedbyViétoreducethethreattospecies
1.TheGreatWallofChinaWallsandwallbuildinghaveplayedaveryimportantroleinChineseculture.Thesepeoplefromthedimmistsofprehistoryhavebeenwall-conscious;fromtheNeolithicperiod新石器时代-whenramparts防御土墙ofpoundedearthwereused-totheCommunistRevolutionwallswereanessentialpartofanyvillage.46ThenameforcityinChinesech’engmeanswallandoverthesewalledcitiesvillageshousesandtemplespresidesthegodofwallsandmountswhosedutieswereandstillaretoprotectandberesponsibleforthewelfareoftheinhabitants.47HoweveritisindeedacommonmistaketoperceivetheGreatWallasasinglearchitecturalstructureanditwouldalsobeerroneoustoassumethatitwasbuiltduringasingledynasty.Forthebuildingofthewallspannedthevariousdynastiesandeachofthesedynastiessomehowcontributedtotherefurbishingandtheconstructionofawallwhosefoundationshadbeenlaidmanycenturiesago.48Especiallythreeofthesestates:theCh’intheChaoandtheYencorrespondingrespectivelytothemodemprovincesofShensiShanziandHopeioverandabovebuildingwallsthatsurroundedtheirkingdomsalsolaidthefoundationsonwhichCh’inShihHuangDiwouldbuildhisfirstcontinuousGreatWall.49Throughoutthecenturiesmanysettlementswereestablishedalongthenewborder.Thegarrison驻军troopswereinstructedtoreclaimwastelandandtoplantcropsonitroadsandcanalswerebuilttomentionjustafewoftheworkscarriedout.50BuildersgarrisonsartisansfarmersandpeasantsleftbehindatrailofobjectsincludinginscribedtabletshouseholdarticlesandwrittenworkwhichhavebecomeextremelyvaluablearchaeologicalevidencetothestudyofdefenseinstitutionsoftheGreatWallandtheeverydaylifeofthesepeoplewholivedanddiedalongthewall.A.Notonlytownsandvillages;thehousesandthetempleswithinthemweresomehowwalledandthehousesalsohadnowindowsoverlookingthestreetthusgivingthefeelingofwanderingaroundahugemaze迷宫.B.Alltheseundertakingsgreatlyhelpedtoincreasethecountry’stradeandculturalexchangeswithmanyremoteareasandalsowiththesoutherncentralandwesternpartsofAsia-theformationoftheSilkRoute.C.Thusagreatandextremelylaborioustasksuchasconstructingawallwhichwassupposedtorunthroughoutthecountrymustnothaveseemedsuchanabsurdity谬论.D.TheconstructionoftheGreatWallisresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariousplaces.E.ItwasduringthefourthandthirdcenturyB.C.thateachwarringstatestartedbuildingwallstoprotecttheirkingdomsbothagainstoneanotherandagainstthenorthernnomads游牧民.F.TherolethattheGreatWallplayedinthegrowthofChineseeconomywasanimportanton
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Don’tTreatAnimalsasFurryTest-tubesMostofusagreethatthereisamoralobligationtominimizethesufferingofanycaptiveanimals.Inadditiontherearenumerousself-servingreasonswhyweshouldrespectthewelfareofourcaptivecompanions.Howevertheimpactofpooranimalwelfareonthequalityofanimalsciencealwaysconcernsascientistthemost.Rodents灵长类动物makeupover80%oftheanimalsusedinscientificproceduresandmostarekeptinsmallbarrencages.Suchhousingisknowntoconstrainnormaldevelopmentaffectingthestructureandfunctionofadultrodentbrains.Theserodentsmayspend50%ofwakinghoursperformingrepetitiveactivitieswithoutapparentpurpose.Thisabnormalbehaviorislikelytoreflectwhatisgoingoninsidethebody.AsethnologistHannoWfirbeloftheJustusLiebigUniversityofGiessenGermanyputsitThepointthattheenvironmentmightchangebehaviorbutitdoesn’tchangebiologyisridiculous.Everybehaviorhasaphysiologicalbackground.Ifwelfareaffectsbehaviorandthereforebiologyitwillaffectscientificoutcomes.Aslongaswecontinuetotreatexperimentalanimalsassimplefurrytest-tubesignoringtheirabilitiesandneedsweendangerthequalityoftheworkwedowiththem.SohowcanweimprovelifeforotherspecieswhenwecannotexperienceitastheydoWe’dbetterasktheanimals.Askthemwhattheyneedandwhatcausesthemsufferingthroughcarefullydesignedpreferencetestsandin-depthbehaviouralresearch.Scientistshavealreadybegunthistaskandhavebeentoldsomeimportantandunexpectedfactsbytheirstudysubjects.Byconsistentlyself-medicatingwithpainkillersbroilerchickens嫩鸡havetoldusthattheyareinchronicpain.Bymovingabarriertwicetheirsizemink水貂havetoldusthatwaterbathsarethemostimportantenrichmentforthem.Byonlystoppingtheirfruitlessstereotypicdiggingincertaincircumstancesgerbils沙鼠havetoldusthattheyneedtobeabletosleepintunnelednest-boxes.Bybehavingnormallyagainstarlingshavetoldusthattheyneedhighfrequencylightbulbs.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutscientists’discoveryaboutanimals’needsandsufferings
A.AShortHistoryofNamingHurricanesB.HarnessingtheHurricaneEnergyC.DifficultyinForecastingtheCourseofaHurricaneD.HugeEnergyStoredinaHurricaneE.ForecastingaHurricaneThroughSatelliteWatchingF.DifferentNamesfortheSameThingsParagraph2______.
A.AShortHistoryofNamingHurricanesB.HarnessingtheHurricaneEnergyC.DifficultyinForecastingtheCourseofaHurricaneD.HugeEnergyStoredinaHurricaneE.ForecastingaHurricaneThroughSatelliteWatchingF.DifferentNamesfortheSameThingsParagraph5______.
A.thetimely及时的discoveryB.convenienceC.sexequalityD.itsconnectionwithhumansE.thehugepowerF.itsuncertainlyUsingweathersatellitescanensure______ofhurricanes.
2.SpaceJunkCosmos2251wasanordinarysatellitedesignedtotransmitsignalsacrossthevastRussianlandmass.Launchedin1993itwouldappearevery90minutesorsooverthenorthernskiesrelayelectronicblipsofinformationamonganetworkofsatellitesandgroundstationslikeahockeyplayerpassingthepuckanddisappearoverthesouthernhorizon.Iridium33launchedforMotorolain1997didsomethingsimilarthoughittookaslightlydifferentorbitthatbroughtitclosesttoEarthduringitspassoverNorthAmerica.Foryearsthetwosatellitescircledtheplanetmindingtheirownbusinessnevercomingwithinathousandkilometersofoneanother.ThensomethinghappenedtoCosmos.Itmayhavesprungasmallleak;perhapsitstruckatinyasteroidorapieceofdebris.NobodyknowsforsurebutforonereasonoranotherCosmosdriftedoffcourse.T.S.KelsoanaeronauticsexpertatAnalyticalGraphicswhichprovidessatellite-trackingservicestoNASAnoticedthattheorbitsofCosmosandIridiumwerebringingthetwosatellitesclosertoeachotherallthetime.InFebruaryheissuedawarningthattheywouldpasswithinakilometerofoneanothertiewasright.OnFeb.10MotorolalosttrackofIridium’ssignal.OverthenextfewdaysKelsoandotherssurmisedthatwhatmanyhadfearedforyearshadfinallycometopass:twointactsatelliteshadcollidedheadon.Theconsequencesgofarbeyondmerelythelossoftwopiecesofproperty.Eachsatelliteweighedmorethanhalfametrictonandwasmovingat7.5kilometerspersecond.Theresultingexplosionwascatastrophicgeneratingamassivecloudofcosmicdebris—perhapsl00000piecesofjunkbiggerthanonecentimeterindiameterestimatesDavidWrightaspaceexpertattheUnionofConcernedScientists.Inonestroketheaccidentincreasedbynearlyathirdthenumberofstrayobjectsinthecrucial700-to-900-kilometerhandknownaslowEarthorbitLEO.Thejunkcloudwilleventuallydispersearoundtheentireplanetlikeashroud.Theeventservedasawake-upcalltospaceplanners.Insuranceratesforthe$18billionworthofactivecommercialsatellitesnowinorbithavetickedupwardsby10to20percentsincetheaccident.Governmentstoohavegrowntorelyonnetworksofsatellitestogatherintelligencedirectweaponssystemsforecastclimateandweatherchangesmonitoragricultureandoperatecommunicationsandnavigationsystems.Expertscalculatethatdebriswillnowstrikeoneofthe900activesatellitesinLEOeverytwoorthreeyears.Forthefirsttimejunkisthesinglebiggestriskfactortoequipmentinsomeorbits.AmongtheorbitalthreatsaretwoformerSovietnuclearreactors.EventheInternationalSpaceStationmayonedaybeatriskasdebrisslowlydescendstoits350-kilometerorbit.T.S.KelsofoundthatCosmosandIridiumwerecomingtoeachother.
2.SpaceJunkCosmos2251wasanordinarysatellitedesignedtotransmitsignalsacrossthevastRussianlandmass.Launchedin1993itwouldappearevery90minutesorsooverthenorthernskiesrelayelectronicblipsofinformationamonganetworkofsatellitesandgroundstationslikeahockeyplayerpassingthepuckanddisappearoverthesouthernhorizon.Iridium33launchedforMotorolain1997didsomethingsimilarthoughittookaslightlydifferentorbitthatbroughtitclosesttoEarthduringitspassoverNorthAmerica.Foryearsthetwosatellitescircledtheplanetmindingtheirownbusinessnevercomingwithinathousandkilometersofoneanother.ThensomethinghappenedtoCosmos.Itmayhavesprungasmallleak;perhapsitstruckatinyasteroidorapieceofdebris.NobodyknowsforsurebutforonereasonoranotherCosmosdriftedoffcourse.T.S.KelsoanaeronauticsexpertatAnalyticalGraphicswhichprovidessatellite-trackingservicestoNASAnoticedthattheorbitsofCosmosandIridiumwerebringingthetwosatellitesclosertoeachotherallthetime.InFebruaryheissuedawarningthattheywouldpasswithinakilometerofoneanothertiewasright.OnFeb.10MotorolalosttrackofIridium’ssignal.OverthenextfewdaysKelsoandotherssurmisedthatwhatmanyhadfearedforyearshadfinallycometopass:twointactsatelliteshadcollidedheadon.Theconsequencesgofarbeyondmerelythelossoftwopiecesofproperty.Eachsatelliteweighedmorethanhalfametrictonandwasmovingat7.5kilometerspersecond.Theresultingexplosionwascatastrophicgeneratingamassivecloudofcosmicdebris—perhapsl00000piecesofjunkbiggerthanonecentimeterindiameterestimatesDavidWrightaspaceexpertattheUnionofConcernedScientists.Inonestroketheaccidentincreasedbynearlyathirdthenumberofstrayobjectsinthecrucial700-to-900-kilometerhandknownaslowEarthorbitLEO.Thejunkcloudwilleventuallydispersearoundtheentireplanetlikeashroud.Theeventservedasawake-upcalltospaceplanners.Insuranceratesforthe$18billionworthofactivecommercialsatellitesnowinorbithavetickedupwardsby10to20percentsincetheaccident.Governmentstoohavegrowntorelyonnetworksofsatellitestogatherintelligencedirectweaponssystemsforecastclimateandweatherchangesmonitoragricultureandoperatecommunicationsandnavigationsystems.Expertscalculatethatdebriswillnowstrikeoneofthe900activesatellitesinLEOeverytwoorthreeyears.Forthefirsttimejunkisthesinglebiggestriskfactortoequipmentinsomeorbits.AmongtheorbitalthreatsaretwoformerSovietnuclearreactors.EventheInternationalSpaceStationmayonedaybeatriskasdebrisslowlydescendstoits350-kilometerorbit.Junkhasbecomethesinglebiggestthreattoequipmentinallorbits.
Thelittleboycan'tdiscriminatetherightthingfromthewrongone.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Theydecidedtoabandonthesavingplanafterdiscussion.
Wecangetinadequatemoneyforournewproject.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeatafundamentallevel—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas51anewindustrycalledbiotcehnology.Asthenamesuggestsit52biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto53seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat54diseasesdroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicalsIfsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost55.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain56.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering57usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze58fromanarticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrostresistantinessencethenbiotechnologyallowshumansto59thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Justlikethegreenrevolution60somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmoreso61geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand62culture培养andprocessesthatproduceperfectly63copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew64suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.Wearetlyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential65saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.
Don’tTreatAnimalsasFurryTest-tubesMostofusagreethatthereisamoralobligationtominimizethesufferingofanycaptiveanimals.Inadditiontherearenumerousself-servingreasonswhyweshouldrespectthewelfareofourcaptivecompanions.Howevertheimpactofpooranimalwelfareonthequalityofanimalsciencealwaysconcernsascientistthemost.Rodents灵长类动物makeupover80%oftheanimalsusedinscientificproceduresandmostarekeptinsmallbarrencages.Suchhousingisknowntoconstrainnormaldevelopmentaffectingthestructureandfunctionofadultrodentbrains.Theserodentsmayspend50%ofwakinghoursperformingrepetitiveactivitieswithoutapparentpurpose.Thisabnormalbehaviorislikelytoreflectwhatisgoingoninsidethebody.AsethnologistHannoWfirbeloftheJustusLiebigUniversityofGiessenGermanyputsitThepointthattheenvironmentmightchangebehaviorbutitdoesn’tchangebiologyisridiculous.Everybehaviorhasaphysiologicalbackground.Ifwelfareaffectsbehaviorandthereforebiologyitwillaffectscientificoutcomes.Aslongaswecontinuetotreatexperimentalanimalsassimplefurrytest-tubesignoringtheirabilitiesandneedsweendangerthequalityoftheworkwedowiththem.SohowcanweimprovelifeforotherspecieswhenwecannotexperienceitastheydoWe’dbetterasktheanimals.Askthemwhattheyneedandwhatcausesthemsufferingthroughcarefullydesignedpreferencetestsandin-depthbehaviouralresearch.Scientistshavealreadybegunthistaskandhavebeentoldsomeimportantandunexpectedfactsbytheirstudysubjects.Byconsistentlyself-medicatingwithpainkillersbroilerchickens嫩鸡havetoldusthattheyareinchronicpain.Bymovingabarriertwicetheirsizemink水貂havetoldusthatwaterbathsarethemostimportantenrichmentforthem.Byonlystoppingtheirfruitlessstereotypicdiggingincertaincircumstancesgerbils沙鼠havetoldusthattheyneedtobeabletosleepintunnelednest-boxes.Bybehavingnormallyagainstarlingshavetoldusthattheyneedhighfrequencylightbulbs.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthewaymostexperimentalanimalsaretreated
Intelligentcardoorclampsupwhendanger’saboutAccidentscausedbycardoorsbeingopenedintothepathofoncomingvehiclesorcyclistsarecommonincities.Buttheseincidentscouldbecomeathingofthepastifdoorsthatreacttopotentialimpactscatchon.ThecreativeideaofMichaelGrafatBMWandMichaelStrolz’steamattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichthehaptic-technologythatgivestactilefeedback-doorscouldcutbothroadinjuriesandrepairbillstheysay.Thecurrentprototypelookslikeanormalcardoorbutanextrametalbarrunsthroughitscentreandconnectstothecar’sframebetweenthehinges.Innormalmodethebarmovesfreelyanddoesn’taffectthedoor’smovement.Howeverifsensorsdetectanearbyobstacleatthesametimeasanaccelerometerdetectsanattempttoopenthedoorthedoor’sswingisrestrictedbyalinearmotorattachedtothebar.Topassonmoreinformationtotheusertheamountofdoorresistanceisinproportiontotheproximityofanobject-forexampleyoumightswingadoorhalfwayopenwithoutproblemsbeforeitgetsstifferasitnearsalamppost.Thecurrentprototypeusessupersonicsensorstospotdangersbutbecausetheyhavealimitedfieldofviewthenextversionwillusecamerasthatcanspan180°saysStrolz.Thenwewillbeabletosensethecompleteworkspaceofthedooranddetectpeoplewalkingbythecarorcyclingtowardsithesays.Reactionsfrom16volunteerswhotriedthenewdooratBMW’sMunichresearchcentrehavebeenencouragingtheteamtoldarecentconferenceonhapticsinSaltLakeCityUtah.ThetechnologyismatureenoughthatacarfactorycouldbepumpingitoutincarswithinayearsaysStrolz.Thebasicmechanismislikeonealreadyfeaturedinsomecars-forexampletaxiswithautomaticpassengerdoors.HoweverBMWisyettomakeanydecisiononwhethertorollitout.HowdidthevolunteerswhotriedthenewdooratBMWrespondtoit
2.SpaceJunkCosmos2251wasanordinarysatellitedesignedtotransmitsignalsacrossthevastRussianlandmass.Launchedin1993itwouldappearevery90minutesorsooverthenorthernskiesrelayelectronicblipsofinformationamonganetworkofsatellitesandgroundstationslikeahockeyplayerpassingthepuckanddisappearoverthesouthernhorizon.Iridium33launchedforMotorolain1997didsomethingsimilarthoughittookaslightlydifferentorbitthatbroughtitclosesttoEarthduringitspassoverNorthAmerica.Foryearsthetwosatellitescircledtheplanetmindingtheirownbusinessnevercomingwithinathousandkilometersofoneanother.ThensomethinghappenedtoCosmos.Itmayhavesprungasmallleak;perhapsitstruckatinyasteroidorapieceofdebris.NobodyknowsforsurebutforonereasonoranotherCosmosdriftedoffcourse.T.S.KelsoanaeronauticsexpertatAnalyticalGraphicswhichprovidessatellite-trackingservicestoNASAnoticedthattheorbitsofCosmosandIridiumwerebringingthetwosatellitesclosertoeachotherallthetime.InFebruaryheissuedawarningthattheywouldpasswithinakilometerofoneanothertiewasright.OnFeb.10MotorolalosttrackofIridium’ssignal.OverthenextfewdaysKelsoandotherssurmisedthatwhatmanyhadfearedforyearshadfinallycometopass:twointactsatelliteshadcollidedheadon.Theconsequencesgofarbeyondmerelythelossoftwopiecesofproperty.Eachsatelliteweighedmorethanhalfametrictonandwasmovingat7.5kilometerspersecond.Theresultingexplosionwascatastrophicgeneratingamassivecloudofcosmicdebris—perhapsl00000piecesofjunkbiggerthanonecentimeterindiameterestimatesDavidWrightaspaceexpertattheUnionofConcernedScientists.Inonestroketheaccidentincreasedbynearlyathirdthenumberofstrayobjectsinthecrucial700-to-900-kilometerhandknownaslowEarthorbitLEO.Thejunkcloudwilleventuallydispersearoundtheentireplanetlikeashroud.Theeventservedasawake-upcalltospaceplanners.Insuranceratesforthe$18billionworthofactivecommercialsatellitesnowinorbithavetickedupwardsby10to20percentsincetheaccident.Governmentstoohavegrowntorelyonnetworksofsatellitestogatherintelligencedirectweaponssystemsforecastclimateandweatherchangesmonitoragricultureandoperatecommunicationsandnavigationsystems.Expertscalculatethatdebriswillnowstrikeoneofthe900activesatellitesinLEOeverytwoorthreeyears.Forthefirsttimejunkisthesinglebiggestriskfactortoequipmentinsomeorbits.AmongtheorbitalthreatsaretwoformerSovietnuclearreactors.EventheInternationalSpaceStationmayonedaybeatriskasdebrisslowlydescendstoits350-kilometerorbit.Thejunkcloudwillmainlydisperseinthe700-to-900-kilometerbandknownasLEO.
Thelectureissodullthathecan'tfocushisattentiononit
热门题库
更多
卫生类
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
外贸综合业务
外贸外语
跟单员基础理论
湘公网安备 43130202000226号