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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesinSouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilinIndonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmanydevelopingcountriespersistentcrimelousyeducationandalackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithoutgraftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewantthechanceofabetterlifeinthestablemeritocraticeconomiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlifesavingsoreventheirlivestobuythehopeofhigherearningsfairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgainsandnotjusttotheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrichworldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftradedgoods.Asoursurveyarguesthepotentialeconomicbenefitstotheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefromremovingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingandeconomiesaresluggishthebenefitsareespeciallygreat.Immigrantsunlikenativesmovereadilytoareaswherelabourisinshortsupplysoeasingbottlenecks.Theybringajust-in-timesupplyofskillstoowhichiswhyhospitalswanttohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmerssparehandstopickfruitandvegetables;andwealthycouplesnanniesfortheirchildren.Inmanycasesimmigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthantheycostinpublicspending.Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon’tseethingsthisway.Likeotherforcesofglobalizationimmigrationisdisruptiveandatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours’cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionateresistance.EvenincountriesbuiltonimmigrationliketheUnitedStatespoliticianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmorelegalmigrants.InEuropehostilityisdeeperandcanbemoredangerous.InthepastyearthefarrighthasgainedinelectionsinFranceDenmarkAustriaandNetherlands.Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthepastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsofjobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersistsunemploymentissuretobreedgreaterresentment.AnotherterroristattackalongthelinesofSeptember11th2001wouldrightlyorwronglyincreasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.AndasHIVspreadsinthepoorworldrichcountrieswillfretaboutthethreattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.HowthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsandeconomicsThefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters’righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttakeprecedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborninpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians--andofemployersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonlyinevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests. Fromthetextwelearnthat
Directions: YouhadawonderfulweekendwithFrank’sfamilyatPineRidge.WritealettertoFrankinwhichyoushould: 1expressyourgratitude 2recalltheexperienceatPineRidge 3showyourappreciationagain. Youshouldwrite100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
Text4ThomasHuxley’’Darwin’sbulldog"issaidtohavecomeupwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlifewascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxfordheisreportedtohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressedtypewriterkeysforalongenoughtimesoonerorlaterPsalm23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargumentbutitaccuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtimeandenoughsolarsystemsyou’llgetyouBach’scellosuitesandme.ThisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausibleandalthoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism--therampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlifenointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreatchallengetoatheism--theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.ScientistshavetakenupHuxley’spropositionandfoundfromexperimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfewevenendeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperimentmathematiciansthencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120charactersaminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower10followedby813zerosmonkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecentversionofShakespeare’sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsintheuniverse’sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducingafewsentencesletaloneaShakespeareplay.ProfessorRobertJastrowoneofthegreatestlivingastronomersheadoftheMountWilsonObservatoryandanagnosticbestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.JastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomersrefusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsoftheuniverse.InfactJastrowwritesmanyastronomerswereactuallyunhappyaboutit.WhyBecausetheBigBangimpliedabeginningtotheuniverseandabeginningimpliesaCreatorsomethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.ThisledJastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshavevestednonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefsespeciallythenon-existenceofaCreator.NeithermathsnorsciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomlywithoutaCreator.Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabeliefabeliefthatshouldbelaidtorest. Thelastparagraphindicatesthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text4ThomasHuxley’’Darwin’sbulldog"issaidtohavecomeupwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlifewascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxfordheisreportedtohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressedtypewriterkeysforalongenoughtimesoonerorlaterPsalm23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargumentbutitaccuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtimeandenoughsolarsystemsyou’llgetyouBach’scellosuitesandme.ThisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausibleandalthoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism--therampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlifenointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreatchallengetoatheism--theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.ScientistshavetakenupHuxley’spropositionandfoundfromexperimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfewevenendeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperimentmathematiciansthencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120charactersaminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower10followedby813zerosmonkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecentversionofShakespeare’sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsintheuniverse’sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducingafewsentencesletaloneaShakespeareplay.ProfessorRobertJastrowoneofthegreatestlivingastronomersheadoftheMountWilsonObservatoryandanagnosticbestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.JastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomersrefusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsoftheuniverse.InfactJastrowwritesmanyastronomerswereactuallyunhappyaboutit.WhyBecausetheBigBangimpliedabeginningtotheuniverseandabeginningimpliesaCreatorsomethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.ThisledJastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshavevestednonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefsespeciallythenon-existenceofaCreator.NeithermathsnorsciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomlywithoutaCreator.Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabeliefabeliefthatshouldbelaidtorest. Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthorbelieves
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestiontoanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepainswhichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenofotherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwordsandtoalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhattheyfeel.Wecanofcoursestudytheirbodilyreactionstothekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsandthishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedtoanimalstheirpupilsdilatetheirpulserateandbloodpressurerisetheymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandtheymaymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointedoutthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenasindicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycanallbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeenisolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermorewhendiseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthecorrespondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookforotherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.Basicallyallthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreasonthenforsupposingthatanimals.thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructuresdonotexperiencepainSuchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystemlieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehumanforebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontextonlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewascorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.Butmuchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationofconsciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeandhearandthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeelpain.Sowhilethereactionsofthepupilspulserateandbloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptionalcircumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpainitseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindicationsthatpainisbeingexperienced. Painisvitaltothesurvivalofhumanbeingandallmammalianbecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestiontoanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepainswhichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenofotherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwordsandtoalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhattheyfeel.Wecanofcoursestudytheirbodilyreactionstothekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsandthishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedtoanimalstheirpupilsdilatetheirpulserateandbloodpressurerisetheymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandtheymaymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointedoutthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenasindicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycanallbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeenisolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermorewhendiseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthecorrespondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookforotherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.Basicallyallthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreasonthenforsupposingthatanimals.thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructuresdonotexperiencepainSuchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystemlieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehumanforebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontextonlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewascorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.Butmuchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationofconsciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeandhearandthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeelpain.Sowhilethereactionsofthepupilspulserateandbloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptionalcircumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpainitseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindicationsthatpainisbeingexperienced. Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Text2Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously."CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem.Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV.TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank.Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary."ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch.SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". BothJeffandTomagreethat
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ThencameMerck’swithdrawalfromthemarketofitsblockbusteranti-in-flammatorydrugVioxxbecauseofanincreaseinsideeffectsincludingheartattacksandstrokes.ThisledoneofFDA’smedicalofficersinNovembertestimonybeforetheSenateFinanceCommitteetoaccusehisowncolleaguesofdiscountingrecommendationsfromtheagency’ssafetyresearchersandofconsistentlybeingindenialwhendataindicatesafetyproblemsfromanapproveddrug. [B]ThefirstkindoferrorishighlyvisiblecausingtheregulatorstobeattackedbythemediaandpatientgroupsandtobeinvestigatedbyCongress.Butthesecondkindoferror--keepingapotentiallyimportantproductoutofconsumers’hands--isusuallyanon-eventelicitinglittleattentionletaloneoutrage. [C]TheFDAisafavoritetargetofcriticswhovariouslyaccuseregulatorsofexcessiverisk-aversionanddelayofapprovalsoroftoocozyarelationshipwiththedrugindustry.Sen.CharlesE.GrassleyR-IowathechairmanoftheSenateFinanceCommitteerecentlychidedtheagency"ThehealthandsafetyofthepublicmustbetheFDA’sfirstandonlyconcern." [D]FirsttheFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationwasblindsidedbyChironCorp.’sinabilitytoprovidefluvaccinethisseasonbecauseofcontaminationatitsmanufacturingfacilitydeprivingAmericansofhalftheusualsupply. [E]Grassleyisrightbutparticularlywhengovernmentalpremarketingapprovalofaproductisrequiredgreatersafetyisnotsynonymouswithmorestringentregulation.Infactnetbenefittopatientsoftensuffersbecauseofanobscureregulatoryanomaly:theasymmetryofoutcomesfromthetwotypesofmistakesthatregulatorscanmake.Aregulatorcancommitanerrorbypermittingsomethingbadtohappenapprovingaharmfulproductorbypreventingsomethinggoodfrombecomingavailablenotapprovingabeneficialproduct.Bothoutcomesarebadforthepublicbuttheconsequencesfortheregulatorareverydifferent. [F]Asaresultregulatorsmakedecisionsdefensively--inotherwordstoavoidapprovalsofharmfulproductsatanycost--sotheytendtodelayorrejectnewproductsofallsortsfromfatsubstitutestovaccinesandpainkillers.That’sbadforpublichealthandforconsumers’freedomtochoose. [G]Congresshasalongandignoblehistoryofexaggeratedlegislativeresponsestoperceivedhealthcrises.Itseemstobeatitagain.RecenteventshaveshiftedtheCongressintocrisismodeoncemore. 45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ThencameMerck’swithdrawalfromthemarketofitsblockbusteranti-in-flammatorydrugVioxxbecauseofanincreaseinsideeffectsincludingheartattacksandstrokes.ThisledoneofFDA’smedicalofficersinNovembertestimonybeforetheSenateFinanceCommitteetoaccusehisowncolleaguesofdiscountingrecommendationsfromtheagency’ssafetyresearchersandofconsistentlybeingindenialwhendataindicatesafetyproblemsfromanapproveddrug. [B]ThefirstkindoferrorishighlyvisiblecausingtheregulatorstobeattackedbythemediaandpatientgroupsandtobeinvestigatedbyCongress.Butthesecondkindoferror--keepingapotentiallyimportantproductoutofconsumers’hands--isusuallyanon-eventelicitinglittleattentionletaloneoutrage. [C]TheFDAisafavoritetargetofcriticswhovariouslyaccuseregulatorsofexcessiverisk-aversionanddelayofapprovalsoroftoocozyarelationshipwiththedrugindustry.Sen.CharlesE.GrassleyR-IowathechairmanoftheSenateFinanceCommitteerecentlychidedtheagency"ThehealthandsafetyofthepublicmustbetheFDA’sfirstandonlyconcern." [D]FirsttheFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationwasblindsidedbyChironCorp.’sinabilitytoprovidefluvaccinethisseasonbecauseofcontaminationatitsmanufacturingfacilitydeprivingAmericansofhalftheusualsupply. [E]Grassleyisrightbutparticularlywhengovernmentalpremarketingapprovalofaproductisrequiredgreatersafetyisnotsynonymouswithmorestringentregulation.Infactnetbenefittopatientsoftensuffersbecauseofanobscureregulatoryanomaly:theasymmetryofoutcomesfromthetwotypesofmistakesthatregulatorscanmake.Aregulatorcancommitanerrorbypermittingsomethingbadtohappenapprovingaharmfulproductorbypreventingsomethinggoodfrombecomingavailablenotapprovingabeneficialproduct.Bothoutcomesarebadforthepublicbuttheconsequencesfortheregulatorareverydifferent. [F]Asaresultregulatorsmakedecisionsdefensively--inotherwordstoavoidapprovalsofharmfulproductsatanycost--sotheytendtodelayorrejectnewproductsofallsortsfromfatsubstitutestovaccinesandpainkillers.That’sbadforpublichealthandforconsumers’freedomtochoose. [G]Congresshasalongandignoblehistoryofexaggeratedlegislativeresponsestoperceivedhealthcrises.Itseemstobeatitagain.RecenteventshaveshiftedtheCongressintocrisismodeoncemore. 43
PartCDirections:Readthe.followingtextCarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedSegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Stocksfinishedmixedinpost-holidaytradingyesterdayasWallStreetmeanderedthroughashortenedsession.46Themajorindexesendedtheweekhigherasinvestorslookedforwardtotheresultsofthefirstweekendofholidayshoppingandakeyjobsreportnextweek.WallStreetstruggledtocontinueitsbullishstreakalbeitinverylighttradingascontinuedweaknessinthedollarweighedonstocks.47ReportsthattheChinesecentralbankhadsoldoffsomeofitsUSTreasurynotesduetothelowdollarturnedouttobeunsubstantiatedboostingthedollaragainsttheyen.Thedollarreachedanothernewlowagainsttheeurohowever.Thetradingdayendedat1p.m.ESTaspartoftheThanksgivingholidayweekend.Investorsalreadylookedtonextweekforfurthernewshopingthatconsumerspendingovertheholidayswouldhelprevivetheoveralleconomy.TheLaborDepartmentisexpectedtoreleasejob-creationfiguresnextFridaythatWallStreethopeswillshowsignsofstrongerjobgrowth.48"Traditionallythisisaprettylighttradingdaybutthepeoplewhoareinthemarketreallywanttobehereandthey’recominginwithapositivebias"saidJackCaffreyequitiesstrategistatJ.P.MorganPrivateBank."Mosteveryoneelsewillbelookingaheadtonextweektoseehowtheretailersdidthisweekendandseehowjobgrowthwillprogress."Astheholidayshoppingseasongotunderwaywithearlymorningsalesacrossthecountryretailstocksweremostlyhigher.DowcomponentWal-MartStoresInc.lost18centsto＄55.32tobucktheoveralltrendwhileTargetCorp.added24centsto＄52.21FederatedDepartmentStoresInc.wasup34centsat＄57.33andMayDepartmentStoresCo.rose55centsto＄30.19.49ChipstocksfailedtogetasubstantialboostfromtheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation’slatestsalesreportwhichshoweda22percentyear-over-yearincreaseinsalesinOctober.Salesrose1.5percentmonth-to-month.DowcomponentIntelCorp.lost40centsto＄23.21onthenewswhileAdvancedMicroDevicesInc.slipped4centsto＄21.53.DeltaAirLinesInc.lost6centsto＄6.92afteritsaidlateWednesdaythatitreachednewagreementswithitslendersandaircraftlessorswrangling＄57millioninconcessionsfrom2005through2009inexchangefor4.4millionsharesofDeltastock.50OracleCorp.saiditwillnominatefourpeopletotheboardofPeopleSoftInc.partofitsbidtoacquiretherivalsoftwarecompanythatlikelywilltriggeraproxybattle.Oracleslipped13centsto＄12.66whilePeopleSoftwasup2centsat＄23.54. ChipstocksfailedtogetasubstantialboostfromtheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation’slatestsalesreportwhichshoweda22percentyear-over-yearincreaseinsalesinOctober.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
PartCDirections:Readthe.followingtextCarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedSegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Stocksfinishedmixedinpost-holidaytradingyesterdayasWallStreetmeanderedthroughashortenedsession.46Themajorindexesendedtheweekhigherasinvestorslookedforwardtotheresultsofthefirstweekendofholidayshoppingandakeyjobsreportnextweek.WallStreetstruggledtocontinueitsbullishstreakalbeitinverylighttradingascontinuedweaknessinthedollarweighedonstocks.47ReportsthattheChinesecentralbankhadsoldoffsomeofitsUSTreasurynotesduetothelowdollarturnedouttobeunsubstantiatedboostingthedollaragainsttheyen.Thedollarreachedanothernewlowagainsttheeurohowever.Thetradingdayendedat1p.m.ESTaspartoftheThanksgivingholidayweekend.Investorsalreadylookedtonextweekforfurthernewshopingthatconsumerspendingovertheholidayswouldhelprevivetheoveralleconomy.TheLaborDepartmentisexpectedtoreleasejob-creationfiguresnextFridaythatWallStreethopeswillshowsignsofstrongerjobgrowth.48"Traditionallythisisaprettylighttradingdaybutthepeoplewhoareinthemarketreallywanttobehereandthey’recominginwithapositivebias"saidJackCaffreyequitiesstrategistatJ.P.MorganPrivateBank."Mosteveryoneelsewillbelookingaheadtonextweektoseehowtheretailersdidthisweekendandseehowjobgrowthwillprogress."Astheholidayshoppingseasongotunderwaywithearlymorningsalesacrossthecountryretailstocksweremostlyhigher.DowcomponentWal-MartStoresInc.lost18centsto＄55.32tobucktheoveralltrendwhileTargetCorp.added24centsto＄52.21FederatedDepartmentStoresInc.wasup34centsat＄57.33andMayDepartmentStoresCo.rose55centsto＄30.19.49ChipstocksfailedtogetasubstantialboostfromtheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation’slatestsalesreportwhichshoweda22percentyear-over-yearincreaseinsalesinOctober.Salesrose1.5percentmonth-to-month.DowcomponentIntelCorp.lost40centsto＄23.21onthenewswhileAdvancedMicroDevicesInc.slipped4centsto＄21.53.DeltaAirLinesInc.lost6centsto＄6.92afteritsaidlateWednesdaythatitreachednewagreementswithitslendersandaircraftlessorswrangling＄57millioninconcessionsfrom2005through2009inexchangefor4.4millionsharesofDeltastock.50OracleCorp.saiditwillnominatefourpeopletotheboardofPeopleSoftInc.partofitsbidtoacquiretherivalsoftwarecompanythatlikelywilltriggeraproxybattle.Oracleslipped13centsto＄12.66whilePeopleSoftwasup2centsat＄23.54. ReportsthattheChinesecentralbankhadsoldoffsomeofitsUSTreasurynotesduetothelowdollarturnedouttobeunsubstantiatedboostingthedollaragainsttheyen.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ThencameMerck’swithdrawalfromthemarketofitsblockbusteranti-in-flammatorydrugVioxxbecauseofanincreaseinsideeffectsincludingheartattacksandstrokes.ThisledoneofFDA’smedicalofficersinNovembertestimonybeforetheSenateFinanceCommitteetoaccusehisowncolleaguesofdiscountingrecommendationsfromtheagency’ssafetyresearchersandofconsistentlybeingindenialwhendataindicatesafetyproblemsfromanapproveddrug. [B]ThefirstkindoferrorishighlyvisiblecausingtheregulatorstobeattackedbythemediaandpatientgroupsandtobeinvestigatedbyCongress.Butthesecondkindoferror--keepingapotentiallyimportantproductoutofconsumers’hands--isusuallyanon-eventelicitinglittleattentionletaloneoutrage. [C]TheFDAisafavoritetargetofcriticswhovariouslyaccuseregulatorsofexcessiverisk-aversionanddelayofapprovalsoroftoocozyarelationshipwiththedrugindustry.Sen.CharlesE.GrassleyR-IowathechairmanoftheSenateFinanceCommitteerecentlychidedtheagency"ThehealthandsafetyofthepublicmustbetheFDA’sfirstandonlyconcern." [D]FirsttheFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationwasblindsidedbyChironCorp.’sinabilitytoprovidefluvaccinethisseasonbecauseofcontaminationatitsmanufacturingfacilitydeprivingAmericansofhalftheusualsupply. [E]Grassleyisrightbutparticularlywhengovernmentalpremarketingapprovalofaproductisrequiredgreatersafetyisnotsynonymouswithmorestringentregulation.Infactnetbenefittopatientsoftensuffersbecauseofanobscureregulatoryanomaly:theasymmetryofoutcomesfromthetwotypesofmistakesthatregulatorscanmake.Aregulatorcancommitanerrorbypermittingsomethingbadtohappenapprovingaharmfulproductorbypreventingsomethinggoodfrombecomingavailablenotapprovingabeneficialproduct.Bothoutcomesarebadforthepublicbuttheconsequencesfortheregulatorareverydifferent. [F]Asaresultregulatorsmakedecisionsdefensively--inotherwordstoavoidapprovalsofharmfulproductsatanycost--sotheytendtodelayorrejectnewproductsofallsortsfromfatsubstitutestovaccinesandpainkillers.That’sbadforpublichealthandforconsumers’freedomtochoose. [G]Congresshasalongandignoblehistoryofexaggeratedlegislativeresponsestoperceivedhealthcrises.Itseemstobeatitagain.RecenteventshaveshiftedtheCongressintocrisismodeoncemore. 41
Text2Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously."CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem.Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV.TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank.Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary."ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch.SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". ThewordflameoutLine1Paragraph4mayprobablymean
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestiontoanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepainswhichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenofotherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwordsandtoalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhattheyfeel.Wecanofcoursestudytheirbodilyreactionstothekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsandthishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedtoanimalstheirpupilsdilatetheirpulserateandbloodpressurerisetheymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandtheymaymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointedoutthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenasindicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycanallbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeenisolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermorewhendiseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthecorrespondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookforotherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.Basicallyallthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreasonthenforsupposingthatanimals.thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructuresdonotexperiencepainSuchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystemlieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehumanforebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontextonlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewascorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.Butmuchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationofconsciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeandhearandthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeelpain.Sowhilethereactionsofthepupilspulserateandbloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptionalcircumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpainitseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindicationsthatpainisbeingexperienced. Ourknowledgeofthepainsanimalsfeelcanbeobtainedthrough
Text3ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesinSouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilinIndonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmanydevelopingcountriespersistentcrimelousyeducationandalackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithoutgraftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewantthechanceofabetterlifeinthestablemeritocraticeconomiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlifesavingsoreventheirlivestobuythehopeofhigherearningsfairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgainsandnotjusttotheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrichworldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftradedgoods.Asoursurveyarguesthepotentialeconomicbenefitstotheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefromremovingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingandeconomiesaresluggishthebenefitsareespeciallygreat.Immigrantsunlikenativesmovereadilytoareaswherelabourisinshortsupplysoeasingbottlenecks.Theybringajust-in-timesupplyofskillstoowhichiswhyhospitalswanttohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmerssparehandstopickfruitandvegetables;andwealthycouplesnanniesfortheirchildren.Inmanycasesimmigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthantheycostinpublicspending.Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon’tseethingsthisway.Likeotherforcesofglobalizationimmigrationisdisruptiveandatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours’cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionateresistance.EvenincountriesbuiltonimmigrationliketheUnitedStatespoliticianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmorelegalmigrants.InEuropehostilityisdeeperandcanbemoredangerous.InthepastyearthefarrighthasgainedinelectionsinFranceDenmarkAustriaandNetherlands.Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthepastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsofjobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersistsunemploymentissuretobreedgreaterresentment.AnotherterroristattackalongthelinesofSeptember11th2001wouldrightlyorwronglyincreasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.AndasHIVspreadsinthepoorworldrichcountrieswillfretaboutthethreattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.HowthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsandeconomicsThefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters’righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttakeprecedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborninpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians--andofemployersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonlyinevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests. Votersinrichcountriesthinkthat
Text3ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesinSouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilinIndonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmanydevelopingcountriespersistentcrimelousyeducationandalackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithoutgraftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewantthechanceofabetterlifeinthestablemeritocraticeconomiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlifesavingsoreventheirlivestobuythehopeofhigherearningsfairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgainsandnotjusttotheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrichworldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftradedgoods.Asoursurveyarguesthepotentialeconomicbenefitstotheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefromremovingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingandeconomiesaresluggishthebenefitsareespeciallygreat.Immigrantsunlikenativesmovereadilytoareaswherelabourisinshortsupplysoeasingbottlenecks.Theybringajust-in-timesupplyofskillstoowhichiswhyhospitalswanttohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmerssparehandstopickfruitandvegetables;andwealthycouplesnanniesfortheirchildren.Inmanycasesimmigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthantheycostinpublicspending.Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon’tseethingsthisway.Likeotherforcesofglobalizationimmigrationisdisruptiveandatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours’cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionateresistance.EvenincountriesbuiltonimmigrationliketheUnitedStatespoliticianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmorelegalmigrants.InEuropehostilityisdeeperandcanbemoredangerous.InthepastyearthefarrighthasgainedinelectionsinFranceDenmarkAustriaandNetherlands.Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthepastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsofjobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersistsunemploymentissuretobreedgreaterresentment.AnotherterroristattackalongthelinesofSeptember11th2001wouldrightlyorwronglyincreasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.AndasHIVspreadsinthepoorworldrichcountrieswillfretaboutthethreattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.HowthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsandeconomicsThefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters’righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttakeprecedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborninpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians--andofemployersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonlyinevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests. ThewordmeritocraticLine5Paragraph1isclosestinmeaningto
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