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Text 1 With Robert Laurent and William Zorach, direct carving enters into the story of modem sc...
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PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranasareformerwithresult.ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBush’steamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill.Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistakesaysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept.TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop.ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC.TheconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetextthatinthewakeofAndersen’sscandalthegovernment
Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlatterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupsoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism--andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-year-oldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’Shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’StroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter--whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign-shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysiientwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidasSalomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup.Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectationsfortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent.StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle.FortheGoodoftheGameisFIFA’Sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue.Thewriter’sattitudetowardFIFAPresidentBlatterseemstobethatof
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 12
PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranasareformerwithresult.ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBush’steamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill.Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistakesaysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept.TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop.ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC.ByoutragedrhetoricParagraph3theauthoristalkingabout
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 6
Thestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthcontinuestodecline.What’sthesolution InthemonthsbeforeMassachusettsInstituteoftechnologysophomoreElizabethShindiedshespokewithsevenpsychiatristsandonesocialworker.Thepsychiatristsdiagnosedmajordepression;thetherapistrecommendedhospitalization.Shintoldadeanthatshewascuttingherselfandletaprofessorknowthatshewantedtocommitsuicide.Thehousemasterofherdormandtwoofherfriendsstayedupnightstowatchher.Butitwasn’tenough.OnApril102000ElizabethShinlockedherdormroomdoorandsetherclothesonfire.Fourdayslatershewasdead. 41.Manycollegesarerunningintothornysituation. HerparentsKisukandChoHyunShinfiledsuitagainstMITchargingitsemployeeswithgrossnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.It’sanextremecasebutitillustratesaproblemfacingmanyotherschoolsasmoreandmorestudentslineupatcounselingcentersrequiringincreasinglyintensivetherapyormedicationorboth. 42.Studentswithsubstantialpersonalityproblems. Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985accordingtothenewestdatafromanannualnationwidesurveybytheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngeles. Reasonsforthedeclineofcollegestudents’mentalhealth Collegetherapistsciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamilyitisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougherstudentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblemswhointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeit.tocollegenowtakepsychotropicdrugsthathelpthemsucceed. 43.Thesoaringnumberofvisitorstocollegepsychiatrists. CollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvicesaysRobertGallagherauthorofthecounselingcentersurveyandformerdirectoroftheUniversityofPittsburghs’services.Aspsychologicalcounselingtookoverthecenters’otheradvisingfunctionswerepackedofftootherpartsofthecampus. 44.Inadequaciesofcollegetherapyservices. Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled."Youcan’tjustloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople"saysGallagher.Insteadcollegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises. 45.What’sthesolution Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.TheUniversityofSouthCarolinatheUniversityofNevada-RenoandTexasA&MofferindepthseminarsonthetransitiontoCollegethathelpstudentsgettoknowoneprofessorreallywell. SowheredoparentsfitinallthisInmanycasestheydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreinforcetheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebutthestudent.SodespitethoseheftytuitionchecksparentsliketheShinoftendon’tgetafullypictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike. Shindidnotwantherparentstoknowabouthermiseryandnoonetoldthemabouthercriesforhelpuntilaftershehadburnedherself.Herfatherbelievesheandhiswifecouldhavesavedher.Withhislawsuithesayshehopestoremindschoolsthatforeachstudent"Thereisafamily." [A]Buttodaytheoriginalcentersareswamped:Davidsonforonehasseena52percentincreaseinstudentvisitstoschooltherapistssincethe1992--93schoolyear. [B]TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt"overwhelmed"lastyearwhile22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.MeanwhileinthelatestNationalSurveyofCounselingCenterDirectors85percentofdirectorssurveyednotedanincreaseinseverepsychologicalflawsoverthepastfiveyears;30percentreportedatleastonestudentsuicideontheircampuslastyear. [C]"Ifastudenttellsyoushetookfiveextrapillsovertheweekend"saysGertrudeCarterdirectorofpsychologicalservicesatBenningtonCollegeinVermont"it’shardtotellifthat’sagrabforattentionoranactualthreat." [D]Newstatisticsshowthatmanyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametimecollegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheirchargesnotchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults. [E]InresponsetothetaskforcereportMITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysiciansotherhealth-careprofessionalsandexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedorms;socializingwiththestudentsandkeepinganeyeonthem. [F]OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice."ItfeltlikethepersonIwastalkingtowasn’treallythere"hesays.Afterfivesessionshestoppedgoing."Iwouldn’twanttogothereagain"hesays"butwhatelseisthere" 42
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 16
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 10
Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdisease.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnesscannowbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdisease.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.ButthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofthemwomenandchildrenontheroadsManversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosingThousandofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhisearbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindsteeringwheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatthesocietysmilessogentlyonthemotoristandseemstoforgivehisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgottenItishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadeformoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstrictannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldhebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotformotor-cars.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents
OnMar.14whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapantheBentonvilleArk.retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountlessotherforeigncompanieshavefailed.InthepastfiveyearsanumberoffamousWesternbrandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtocatchoninJapanoneoftheworld’slargest--butmostvariable--consumermarkets.MayWal-MartmakeagoofitwhereothershavestumbledOnegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushinginblindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.ThatgivesWal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy--orrunfortheexits.ThequestioniswhetherWal-MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.Thisafterallisanationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers--whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapanslippedintoadecade-longslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost-cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingpricesAnalystsareunderstandablyskeptical.ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart’sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapanStandard&Poor’ssaidinaMar.18report.MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsouttobeagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretailgroupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly’90s.ItalsohasdeeptiestotradinghouseSumitomoCorp.whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.PerhapsthebestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu’s400-oddstoresisthatthey’renotasdeeplytroubledasotherlocalretailers.Stillthere’sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures.We’veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricingsaysaSeiyuspokesman.AnotherpotentialproblemisSumitomowhichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextentthatWal-Martroutinelydoes.Theclockisticking.Wal-MartexecutivessaytheyneedseveralmonthstostudythedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonitbutinthemeantimeanewwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.IfWal-Martsucceedsitwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand--whoknows--itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S.WecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthatWal-MartStoresInc.will
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 14
Thestateofcollegestudents’mentalhealthcontinuestodecline.What’sthesolution InthemonthsbeforeMassachusettsInstituteoftechnologysophomoreElizabethShindiedshespokewithsevenpsychiatristsandonesocialworker.Thepsychiatristsdiagnosedmajordepression;thetherapistrecommendedhospitalization.Shintoldadeanthatshewascuttingherselfandletaprofessorknowthatshewantedtocommitsuicide.Thehousemasterofherdormandtwoofherfriendsstayedupnightstowatchher.Butitwasn’tenough.OnApril102000ElizabethShinlockedherdormroomdoorandsetherclothesonfire.Fourdayslatershewasdead. 41.Manycollegesarerunningintothornysituation. HerparentsKisukandChoHyunShinfiledsuitagainstMITchargingitsemployeeswithgrossnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.It’sanextremecasebutitillustratesaproblemfacingmanyotherschoolsasmoreandmorestudentslineupatcounselingcentersrequiringincreasinglyintensivetherapyormedicationorboth. 42.Studentswithsubstantialpersonalityproblems. Thenumberoffreshmenreportinglessthanaverageemotionalhealthhasbeensteadilyrisingsince1985accordingtothenewestdatafromanannualnationwidesurveybytheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngeles. Reasonsforthedeclineofcollegestudents’mentalhealth Collegetherapistsciteseveralreasonsfortheapparentdeteriorationinstudentmentalhealth.Notonlyhasthisgenerationgrownupinthemuch-malignederaofthedisintegratingAmericanfamilyitisalsomoreusedtotherapyandsomorelikelytoseekhelp.Ascompetitiontogetintocollegegetstougherstudentsburnoutbeforetheyevengetthere.Andkidswithseverepsychologicalproblemswhointhepastwouldn’tevenhavemadeit.tocollegenowtakepsychotropicdrugsthathelpthemsucceed. 43.Thesoaringnumberofvisitorstocollegepsychiatrists. CollegesfirstcreatedcounselingcentersforstudentswhoneededcareerandacademicadvicesaysRobertGallagherauthorofthecounselingcentersurveyandformerdirectoroftheUniversityofPittsburghs’services.Aspsychologicalcounselingtookoverthecenters’otheradvisingfunctionswerepackedofftootherpartsofthecampus. 44.Inadequaciesofcollegetherapyservices. Theballooningcaseloadsmeanthereisn’tthetimeorthestafftoofferlong-termtherapytoanybutthemosttroubled."Youcan’tjustloadupwiththefirst100studentsandseethemregularlywithouthavingopeningsfornewpeople"saysGallagher.Insteadcollegesfocusongettingstudentsoverimmediatecrises. 45.What’sthesolution Someschoolshavetriedfillingthegapbygettingmoreinvolvedinstudents’lives.TheUniversityofSouthCarolinatheUniversityofNevada-RenoandTexasA&MofferindepthseminarsonthetransitiontoCollegethathelpstudentsgettoknowoneprofessorreallywell. SowheredoparentsfitinallthisInmanycasestheydon’t.Federalprivacylawsreinforcetheseparationbyforbiddingthereleaseofeducationalrecordstoanyonebutthestudent.SodespitethoseheftytuitionchecksparentsliketheShinoftendon’tgetafullypictureofwhattheirchildren’slivesarereallylike. Shindidnotwantherparentstoknowabouthermiseryandnoonetoldthemabouthercriesforhelpuntilaftershehadburnedherself.Herfatherbelievesheandhiswifecouldhavesavedher.Withhislawsuithesayshehopestoremindschoolsthatforeachstudent"Thereisafamily." [A]Buttodaytheoriginalcentersareswamped:Davidsonforonehasseena52percentincreaseinstudentvisitstoschooltherapistssincethe1992--93schoolyear. [B]TheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationreportsthat76percentofstudentsfelt"overwhelmed"lastyearwhile22percentweresometimessodepressedtheycouldn’tfunction.MeanwhileinthelatestNationalSurveyofCounselingCenterDirectors85percentofdirectorssurveyednotedanincreaseinseverepsychologicalflawsoverthepastfiveyears;30percentreportedatleastonestudentsuicideontheircampuslastyear. [C]"Ifastudenttellsyoushetookfiveextrapillsovertheweekend"saysGertrudeCarterdirectorofpsychologicalservicesatBenningtonCollegeinVermont"it’shardtotellifthat’sagrabforattentionoranactualthreat." [D]Newstatisticsshowthatmanyfreshmenarriveoncampusdepressedandanxiousandfeelworseastheyearprogresses.Atthesametimecollegesmustalsonegotiatethelegalandemotionalpitfallsofcaringfortheirchargesnotchildrenbutnotyetfullyadults. [E]InresponsetothetaskforcereportMITisputtingtogethersupportteamsofphysiciansotherhealth-careprofessionalsandexperiencedcounselorstospendtimeinthedorms;socializingwiththestudentsandkeepinganeyeonthem. [F]OneYalestudentsufferingfromanxietyduringhissophomoreyearrarelysawthesamecounselortwice."ItfeltlikethepersonIwastalkingtowasn’treallythere"hesays.Afterfivesessionshestoppedgoing."Iwouldn’twanttogothereagain"hesays"butwhatelseisthere" 44
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’stransAppalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. 18
Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlatterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupsoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism--andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-year-oldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’Shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’StroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter--whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign-shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysiientwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidasSalomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup.Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectationsfortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent.StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle.FortheGoodoftheGameisFIFA’Sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue.BymentioningthedopingaffairintheTourdeFrancethelastpara.theauthoristalkingabout
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident’sdefensewaspathetic.Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfreetradethatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstrugglingtandthatthereliefwasatemporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.OnereasonthatthisargumentisabsurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompaniesBigSteelhavereceivedvariousformsofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years.Insteadofencouragingtheindustrytorestructurethelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesandcostU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.KruegernowdeputymanagingdirectoroftheInternationalMonetaryFundsaidinareportonBigSteel:TheAmericanBigSteelindustryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerofprotection...ItprovidesakeyanddisillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthegeneralpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup.Since1950sBigSteelhasbeenreluctanttomaketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.Itagreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.HencethecompanieshavedifficultyincompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowithtechnologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-millswhichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.LedbyNucorCor.thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales.TheprofitabilityofU.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelpriceswhichdespiteattemptsatprotectionbytheU.S.andothergovernmentsaredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.Thesepricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworldrecessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.AlthoughtheselowpricesareunfortunateforU.S.producerstheyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.ThelowpricesarealsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutofbusinessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen.InsteadofleavingormodernizingthedyingBigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.HoweveritishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducerswishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.AfteralltheextremecaseofdumpingisonewhereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthingWecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthattheoverallU.S.economy
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 4
OnMar.14whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapantheBentonvilleArk.retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountlessotherforeigncompanieshavefailed.InthepastfiveyearsanumberoffamousWesternbrandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtocatchoninJapanoneoftheworld’slargest--butmostvariable--consumermarkets.MayWal-MartmakeagoofitwhereothershavestumbledOnegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushinginblindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.ThatgivesWal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy--orrunfortheexits.ThequestioniswhetherWal-MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.Thisafterallisanationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers--whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapanslippedintoadecade-longslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost-cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingpricesAnalystsareunderstandablyskeptical.ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart’sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapanStandard&Poor’ssaidinaMar.18report.MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsouttobeagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretailgroupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly’90s.ItalsohasdeeptiestotradinghouseSumitomoCorp.whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.PerhapsthebestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu’s400-oddstoresisthatthey’renotasdeeplytroubledasotherlocalretailers.Stillthere’sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures.We’veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricingsaysaSeiyuspokesman.AnotherpotentialproblemisSumitomowhichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextentthatWal-Martroutinelydoes.Theclockisticking.Wal-MartexecutivessaytheyneedseveralmonthstostudythedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonitbutinthemeantimeanewwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.IfWal-Martsucceedsitwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand--whoknows--itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S.ThephrasemakeagoofitParagraph2mostprobablymeans
Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdisease.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnesscannowbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdisease.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.ButthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofthemwomenandchildrenontheroadsManversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosingThousandofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhisearbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindsteeringwheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatthesocietysmilessogentlyonthemotoristandseemstoforgivehisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgottenItishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadeformoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstrictannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldhebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotformotor-cars.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 8
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.1evenbeforeindependencefromBritainwas2itbecameclearthat3thedilemmassurroundingthepublicdomainmightprovenecessaryto4theUnionitself. AtthepeacenegotiationwithBritainAmericansobtainedawestern5attheMississippiRiver.Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.But6theircolonialcharterssevenstatesclaimed7ofthewesternwilderness.Virginia’sclaimwasthelargest8northandwesttoencompassthelaterstates.Thelanguageofthecharterswas9andtheirvalidityquestionablebutduringthewarVirginiareinforceditstitlebysponsoringColonelGeorgiaRogersClark’s177810toVicennesandKaskaskiawhich11America’stransAppalachianpretensionsatthepeacetable. Thesixstatesholdingnoclaimtothetransmontaneregion12whetheraconfederacyinwhichterritorywassounevenlyapportionedwouldtrulyprovewhatitclaimedtobeaunionofequals.AlreadyNewJerseyDelawareRhodeIsalandandMarylandwere13thesmallestandleastpopulousofthestates.14theyleviedheavytaxestorepaystatewardebtstheirlargerneighborsmightretiredebtsoutofland-saleproceeds.15byfreshlandsandlowtaxespeoplewoulddesertthesmallstates16thelargeleavingtheformertofall17bankruptcyandeventuallyintopoliticalsubjugation.Allthestatessharedinthewarefforthowthencouldhalfofthem"beleftnosinkunderan18debtwhilstothersareenabledinashortperiodto19alltheirexpendituresfromthehardearningsofthewholeconfederacy"AstheRevolutionwasacommonendeavor20oughtitsfruitsincludingthewesternlandsbeacommonproperty. 20
WhentheVikingsinvadedGreatBritaintheydidmorethanslaughterthepopulationransackthecitiesandscorchtheearth.TheyalsoleftsubstantialinfluenceontheEnglishlanguagewordslikeslaughterransackandscorch. 46NowasinglewordinanancientmanuscripthasledaU.S.linguisttoconcludethattheinfluenceoftheNorseontheEnglishlanguagemayhavecomeasmuchasacenturyearlierthanmostscholarshadthought.ThefindcamewhenEnglishprofessorJonathanEvansoftheUniversityofGeorgiawasreadingapassagetohisOldEnglishclassfromtheAnglo-SaxonChronicleandaNorsewordtheorajumpedoutathim. The1122textaccordingtogenerationsofscholarswassupposedtobetooearlytocontainevidenceofDanishinfluenceonOldEnglish.47ButthefactthatthetextusedtheNordicformof"their"ratherthantheOldEnglishhieraorheorasuggestedthatNorsemenandtheirEnglishhostswerenotonlylivingside-by-sideinEngland’sEastMidlandsbutalsowerein"frequentpeacefulcommunication"Evanscontends. "IthoughtIhadmadeamistake"whenhefirstsawthewordhesaid."Thereitwassittingthereinplainsight.NobodysawthisDanishwordsittingthere.IkeptitquietbecauseIthoughtImadeamistake.’ ButhewasurgedtoinvestigatebyavisitingDanishscholarHansNielsen.48SoEvansspentseveralyearspursuingahunchthataRomanCatholicmonkslippedintothelocaldialectwhilecopyingouttheancienthistoricalworkforhismonastery.IfsothatsuggeststoEvansthatNorseandWest-SaxondialectsofOldEnglishhadmingledsignificantlybythe12thcenturyifnotearlier. TheresultofEvans’researchisapaperrecentlypublishedinthejournalNorth-WesternEuropeanLanguageEvolution.49Hisparerputsforththetheorythatthemonk’suseoftheNorsewordisthefirstdatableexampleinEnglishofScandinavian-derivedpluralpronounsantecedentsofthemodernEnglishwords"theythem"and"their". 50"Thisisafootnoteinamuchmorewell-knownstory--thestoryofScandinavianborrowingsintheEnglishlanguage.’saidEvanswhocanreadtextsinDanishFrenchOldEnglishandOldIcelandic."It’sgoingtobeinterestingtoseehowotherscholarsviewthisdiscoverybutIthinkI’vemademycaseforit./ 48
OnMar.14whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapantheBentonvilleArk.retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountlessotherforeigncompanieshavefailed.InthepastfiveyearsanumberoffamousWesternbrandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtocatchoninJapanoneoftheworld’slargest--butmostvariable--consumermarkets.MayWal-MartmakeagoofitwhereothershavestumbledOnegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushinginblindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.ThatgivesWal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy--orrunfortheexits.ThequestioniswhetherWal-MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.Thisafterallisanationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers--whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapanslippedintoadecade-longslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost-cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingpricesAnalystsareunderstandablyskeptical.ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart’sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapanStandard&Poor’ssaidinaMar.18report.MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsouttobeagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretailgroupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly’90s.ItalsohasdeeptiestotradinghouseSumitomoCorp.whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.PerhapsthebestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu’s400-oddstoresisthatthey’renotasdeeplytroubledasotherlocalretailers.Stillthere’sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures.We’veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricingsaysaSeiyuspokesman.AnotherpotentialproblemisSumitomowhichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextentthatWal-Martroutinelydoes.Theclockisticking.Wal-MartexecutivessaytheyneedseveralmonthstostudythedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonitbutinthemeantimeanewwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.IfWal-Martsucceedsitwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand--whoknows--itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S.TowardthisadventureofWal-Marttheauthor’sattitudecanbebestsaidtobe
WhentheVikingsinvadedGreatBritaintheydidmorethanslaughterthepopulationransackthecitiesandscorchtheearth.TheyalsoleftsubstantialinfluenceontheEnglishlanguagewordslikeslaughterransackandscorch. 46NowasinglewordinanancientmanuscripthasledaU.S.linguisttoconcludethattheinfluenceoftheNorseontheEnglishlanguagemayhavecomeasmuchasacenturyearlierthanmostscholarshadthought.ThefindcamewhenEnglishprofessorJonathanEvansoftheUniversityofGeorgiawasreadingapassagetohisOldEnglishclassfromtheAnglo-SaxonChronicleandaNorsewordtheorajumpedoutathim. The1122textaccordingtogenerationsofscholarswassupposedtobetooearlytocontainevidenceofDanishinfluenceonOldEnglish.47ButthefactthatthetextusedtheNordicformof"their"ratherthantheOldEnglishhieraorheorasuggestedthatNorsemenandtheirEnglishhostswerenotonlylivingside-by-sideinEngland’sEastMidlandsbutalsowerein"frequentpeacefulcommunication"Evanscontends. "IthoughtIhadmadeamistake"whenhefirstsawthewordhesaid."Thereitwassittingthereinplainsight.NobodysawthisDanishwordsittingthere.IkeptitquietbecauseIthoughtImadeamistake.’ ButhewasurgedtoinvestigatebyavisitingDanishscholarHansNielsen.48SoEvansspentseveralyearspursuingahunchthataRomanCatholicmonkslippedintothelocaldialectwhilecopyingouttheancienthistoricalworkforhismonastery.IfsothatsuggeststoEvansthatNorseandWest-SaxondialectsofOldEnglishhadmingledsignificantlybythe12thcenturyifnotearlier. TheresultofEvans’researchisapaperrecentlypublishedinthejournalNorth-WesternEuropeanLanguageEvolution.49Hisparerputsforththetheorythatthemonk’suseoftheNorsewordisthefirstdatableexampleinEnglishofScandinavian-derivedpluralpronounsantecedentsofthemodernEnglishwords"theythem"and"their". 50"Thisisafootnoteinamuchmorewell-knownstory--thestoryofScandinavianborrowingsintheEnglishlanguage.’saidEvanswhocanreadtextsinDanishFrenchOldEnglishandOldIcelandic."It’sgoingtobeinterestingtoseehowotherscholarsviewthisdiscoverybutIthinkI’vemademycaseforit./ 46
WhentheVikingsinvadedGreatBritaintheydidmorethanslaughterthepopulationransackthecitiesandscorchtheearth.TheyalsoleftsubstantialinfluenceontheEnglishlanguagewordslikeslaughterransackandscorch. 46NowasinglewordinanancientmanuscripthasledaU.S.linguisttoconcludethattheinfluenceoftheNorseontheEnglishlanguagemayhavecomeasmuchasacenturyearlierthanmostscholarshadthought.ThefindcamewhenEnglishprofessorJonathanEvansoftheUniversityofGeorgiawasreadingapassagetohisOldEnglishclassfromtheAnglo-SaxonChronicleandaNorsewordtheorajumpedoutathim. The1122textaccordingtogenerationsofscholarswassupposedtobetooearlytocontainevidenceofDanishinfluenceonOldEnglish.47ButthefactthatthetextusedtheNordicformof"their"ratherthantheOldEnglishhieraorheorasuggestedthatNorsemenandtheirEnglishhostswerenotonlylivingside-by-sideinEngland’sEastMidlandsbutalsowerein"frequentpeacefulcommunication"Evanscontends. "IthoughtIhadmadeamistake"whenhefirstsawthewordhesaid."Thereitwassittingthereinplainsight.NobodysawthisDanishwordsittingthere.IkeptitquietbecauseIthoughtImadeamistake.’ ButhewasurgedtoinvestigatebyavisitingDanishscholarHansNielsen.48SoEvansspentseveralyearspursuingahunchthataRomanCatholicmonkslippedintothelocaldialectwhilecopyingouttheancienthistoricalworkforhismonastery.IfsothatsuggeststoEvansthatNorseandWest-SaxondialectsofOldEnglishhadmingledsignificantlybythe12thcenturyifnotearlier. TheresultofEvans’researchisapaperrecentlypublishedinthejournalNorth-WesternEuropeanLanguageEvolution.49Hisparerputsforththetheorythatthemonk’suseoftheNorsewordisthefirstdatableexampleinEnglishofScandinavian-derivedpluralpronounsantecedentsofthemodernEnglishwords"theythem"and"their". 50"Thisisafootnoteinamuchmorewell-knownstory--thestoryofScandinavianborrowingsintheEnglishlanguage.’saidEvanswhocanreadtextsinDanishFrenchOldEnglishandOldIcelandic."It’sgoingtobeinterestingtoseehowotherscholarsviewthisdiscoverybutIthinkI’vemademycaseforit./ 50
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 18
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 2
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. 20
Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlatterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupsoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism--andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-year-oldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’Shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’StroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter--whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign-shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysiientwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidasSalomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup.Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectationsfortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent.StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle.FortheGoodoftheGameisFIFA’Sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue.Itcanbesafelyconcludedfromthetextthat
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident’sdefensewaspathetic.Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfreetradethatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstrugglingtandthatthereliefwasatemporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.OnereasonthatthisargumentisabsurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompaniesBigSteelhavereceivedvariousformsofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years.Insteadofencouragingtheindustrytorestructurethelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesandcostU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.KruegernowdeputymanagingdirectoroftheInternationalMonetaryFundsaidinareportonBigSteel:TheAmericanBigSteelindustryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerofprotection...ItprovidesakeyanddisillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthegeneralpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup.Since1950sBigSteelhasbeenreluctanttomaketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.Itagreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.HencethecompanieshavedifficultyincompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowithtechnologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-millswhichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.LedbyNucorCor.thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales.TheprofitabilityofU.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelpriceswhichdespiteattemptsatprotectionbytheU.S.andothergovernmentsaredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.Thesepricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworldrecessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.AlthoughtheselowpricesareunfortunateforU.S.producerstheyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.ThelowpricesarealsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutofbusinessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen.InsteadofleavingormodernizingthedyingBigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.HoweveritishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducerswishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.AfteralltheextremecaseofdumpingisonewhereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthingTheU.S.integratedsteelcompaniesbelievethattomodernizetheirtechnologiestheyareinneedof
A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160-200words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Describethefollowingdrawings 2interpretitsmeaningand 3giveyourcomments.
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