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750年阿拔斯王朝创建时，被消灭的倭马亚王朝的王子阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼逃至西班牙，在当地贵族和柏柏尔人的支持下，建立了( )。
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在750年阿拔斯王朝创建时被消灭的倭马亚王朝的王子阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼逃至西班牙在当地贵族和柏柏尔人的支
图伦王朝
后倭马亚王朝
撒法利王朝
萨玛尼王朝
下列人民起义不是发生在阿拔斯王朝时期的是
麦瓦利阿布穆斯林起义
巴贝克起义
黑奴起义
卡尔马特派起义
以下人民起义哪次不是发生在阿拔斯王朝的
麦瓦利阿布·穆斯林起义
巴贝克起义
黑奴起义
卡尔马特派起义
750年反倭马亚统治的起义军攻占大马士革倭马亚王朝灭亡开始了阿拉伯历史上的
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
法蒂玛王朝
马木路克王朝
横跨亚洲欧洲非洲的阿拉伯帝国由阿拔斯王朝统治了多少年
808年
708年
608年
508年
下列说法中全部符合历史事实的是①阿拉伯阿拔斯王朝的首都是麦地那②穆罕默德死后他的继承人改称为哈里发第
①③④
①②⑤
②③
④⑤
中国史书中被称为白衣大食和黑衣大食的阿拉伯王朝分别是
都是指倭马亚王朝
都是指阿巴斯王朝
倭马亚王朝、阿巴斯王朝
阿巴斯王朝、倭马亚王朝
属于世界古代中世纪史范围中国史书中的白衣大食是指阿拉伯的
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
伊德利斯王朝
阿格拉布王朝
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
下列说法中全部符合历史事实的是①阿拉伯阿拔斯王朝的首都是麦地那②穆罕默德死后他的继承人改称为哈里发第
①③④
①②⑤
②③
④⑤
阿拔斯王朝是伊斯兰的第几大王朝
一
二
三
四
中国史书中称之为白衣大食和黑衣大食指的是阿拉伯的哪个王朝
都是指倭马亚王朝
都是指阿拔斯王朝
倭马亚王朝、阿拔斯王朝
阿拔斯王朝、倭马亚王朝
661年穆阿维叶即位首都迁到大马士革将哈里发职位改为世袭建立
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
法蒂玛王朝
马木路克王朝
属于世界古代中世纪史范围 中国史书中的白衣大食是指阿拉伯的
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
伊德利斯王朝
阿格拉布王朝
在阿拉伯统治时期阿拉伯军队曾与当时中国的唐朝军队发生冲突
穆罕默德
第一任哈里发
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
我国史籍上记载的黑衣大食是指
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
罗马帝国
波斯帝国
我国史籍上记载的白衣大食是指
倭马亚王朝
阿拔斯王朝
罗马帝国
波斯帝国
一千零一夜的故事来源有
波斯故事
印度故事
阿拔斯王朝的故事
埃及麦马立克王朝的故事
阿拉伯民间故事
阿拔斯王朝建立后倭马亚家族的王子逃到西班牙建立后倭马亚王朝都于科尔多瓦中国史书称其为西大食或
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SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1There’sonethingaboveallwrongwiththenewBritishpostalcodes:noteveryonehasthatsortofmemory.Someofusofcourseforgetevenh6usenumbersandthepresentpostaldistrictsbutthatmatterslesswhenthereisahumanbeingateverystagetospotthemistake.Whenallthesortingisdoneinoneoperationbyamansittingatamachinetypingspecialmarksontoanenvelopeonesliponyourpartcouldsendyourletterwayoutsidetheareawherethelocalpostmanorafriendlyneighborknowsyourname.OtherwisethenewcodesareallthePostOfficesclaims.Theyarethemostcarefullydesignedintheworldidealforcomputers.Aconfusionoflettersandnumberstheyhavetwopartsseparatedbythegapinthemiddle.Togethertheyclassifyaletternotonlythecitywhereitisgoingbutrightdowntotheroundoftheparticularpostmanwhoistocarryitandeventoagroupofhousesorasinglebigbuilding.Inthelongrunthiswillspeedthemailandcutcosts.Thelongrunis10yearsawaythough.Infactthereareonly12PostOfficesinthecountrywhichhavetherightmachinesfullyworkingandthesystemcannotworkatfullefficiencyuntilitisnationwide.YetthePostOfficewantsustostartusingthecodesnowsothatweshallbetrainedwhenthemachinesareready.ButwillweAbusinessmanImetpraisingthevirtuesofthenewsystemexplainedthatlargecompanieslikehiscouldhavecodesoftheirown.Whatwashiscode“Ohdearme.Nowyou’vegotme.Awfullysorry.HoldonaminutewhileIfindasheetofmyheadednotepaper.”Thenhereadpainfullyasifspellingoutawordinaforeignlanguage"W-I-X-6A-B". Thebusinessmanfoundthathispostalcodewasdifficult
偏好原则
Text2Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetryartormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.HowcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechildThereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystem.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchildbecauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechild’forbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybehoweverthatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematicstheywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalabilityitmaybethatwhatisinheritedifanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthe.vocalorgansconnectibnsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecuteandparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactorsinothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup. Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismothersuchasanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorganshewill
Text4Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17th-centurytrifil’forhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury~Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattacked’antiscience’inseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason"heldinNewYorkCityin1995and"ScienceintheAgeofMissinformation"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenpmenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberthosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarnfingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm’antiscience’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened." Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage
Text2Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetryartormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.HowcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechildThereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystem.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchildbecauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechild’forbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybehoweverthatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematicstheywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalabilityitmaybethatwhatisinheritedifanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthe.vocalorgansconnectibnsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecuteandparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactorsinothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup. Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsAgreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcoloursthatistosaythecolourationwarnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk臭鼬isoneofthebest1ofthiswithhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks2eveninbroaddaylightandshowsno3whenheseesyou.Heheavily4hisfeetandputshis5upintheairdaringyounottocome6closer.Andifyoudon’ttake7ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling8andnoanimalthathasbeen9byaskunkwillletithappen10IntheReptileHouseatazooyouwillprobablyfindacase11ofsmalltreefrogs.Nowagreat12ofcreaturesliketoeatfrogsandsosomefrogsasa13canoozeoutasubstanceontheirskin14makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded15brightwarningcolourslikeorangeredyellowandbrightgreen.Thisofcoursemakesthem16likebrightly-colouredsweetsandrathergoodto17butthebirdsandanimalsintheforesthavelearnt18bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe19thattastestheworstandsotheyleavethem20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwo.extrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsHere’safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoverjoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintownevenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestauranthediscoversthatthisetherial轻飘的creatureisonadiet.Shemustn’teatthisandshemustn’tthat.Ohbutofcourseshedoesn’twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it’sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.41______42______.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcalorie卡路里charts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghipsprotrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercisessweatinginsaunabathsbeingpummelledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor’healthcures’.Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don’tthinkit’sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.43______44______wellforonethingthey’realwayshungry.Youcan’tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.’Wonderfoodisacompletefoodtheadvertisementsays.’Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater...’Acompletefooditmaybebutnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.Andofcoursethey’realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchforthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.AndwhocanblamethemAtleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.45______What’sallthisself-inflictedtortureforSaintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyhatdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings! A.Manyoftheseb.rightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutairwaterandthegoodwillofGod. B.Dietersdeprivethemselvesof’deliciousfoodtoattainagracestaturebutsomepeoplethinkitismiserableandfoolishforthemtodoso. C.Dietersundertaketostarvefftemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable D.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain. E.Whatanuttertortureitis’alwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice! F.Peoplewhoareonadietmustn’thavechocolateandthisishardforsomegirls. G.Whatamiserablelotofdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognisethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces. 44
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsAgreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcoloursthatistosaythecolourationwarnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk臭鼬isoneofthebest1ofthiswithhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks2eveninbroaddaylightandshowsno3whenheseesyou.Heheavily4hisfeetandputshis5upintheairdaringyounottocome6closer.Andifyoudon’ttake7ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling8andnoanimalthathasbeen9byaskunkwillletithappen10IntheReptileHouseatazooyouwillprobablyfindacase11ofsmalltreefrogs.Nowagreat12ofcreaturesliketoeatfrogsandsosomefrogsasa13canoozeoutasubstanceontheirskin14makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded15brightwarningcolourslikeorangeredyellowandbrightgreen.Thisofcoursemakesthem16likebrightly-colouredsweetsandrathergoodto17butthebirdsandanimalsintheforesthavelearnt18bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe19thattastestheworstandsotheyleavethem20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
虚金本位制
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwo.extrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsHere’safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoverjoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintownevenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestauranthediscoversthatthisetherial轻飘的creatureisonadiet.Shemustn’teatthisandshemustn’tthat.Ohbutofcourseshedoesn’twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it’sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.41______42______.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcalorie卡路里charts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghipsprotrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercisessweatinginsaunabathsbeingpummelledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor’healthcures’.Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don’tthinkit’sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.43______44______wellforonethingthey’realwayshungry.Youcan’tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.’Wonderfoodisacompletefoodtheadvertisementsays.’Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater...’Acompletefooditmaybebutnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.Andofcoursethey’realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchforthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.AndwhocanblamethemAtleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.45______What’sallthisself-inflictedtortureforSaintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyhatdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings! A.Manyoftheseb.rightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutairwaterandthegoodwillofGod. B.Dietersdeprivethemselvesof’deliciousfoodtoattainagracestaturebutsomepeoplethinkitismiserableandfoolishforthemtodoso. C.Dietersundertaketostarvefftemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable D.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain. E.Whatanuttertortureitis’alwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice! F.Peoplewhoareonadietmustn’thavechocolateandthisishardforsomegirls. G.Whatamiserablelotofdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognisethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces. `42
Text3Morethanoneintenpeoplewhoareregularlyexposedtoorganophosphatepesticides有机磷酸脂农药willsufferunrecoverablephysicalandmentaldamageateamofpsychiatristswarns.Theinvestigatorssaythattheirsisthefirstseriousattempttoestimatethenumberofpeoplesufferingbecauseofchroniclow-levelexposuretothepesticides."Thisisaworryinghighlevelofillness"saysoneresearcher.ThefindingsbytheresearcherwhoalsotreatsmanyofthevictimsconflictwiththoseoftheBritain’sgovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealthwhichsaysthereisnogoodevidencetosuggestchronicexposureleadstowidespreadillness.Theresearchteamsentquestionnairesto400farmersselectedatrandomfromaphonebook.Of179whoreplied130reportedthattheyhadbeenexposedtoorganophosphates.And21farmerscomplainedofenoughsymptomstobeclassedassufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning.Allowingforbiasinherentinthesurveymethodtheysuggestthataround10percentoffarmersexposedtothepesticidessufferfrompoisoning.Theresearchersalsouncoveredaconsistentpatternofsymptomsrangingfromextremetirednessandspeechdifficultytosuicidalimpulses.Againthiscontrastswiththegovernmentagency’sviewthatthereisnoclearpatternofsymptomsforpesticidepoisoningmakingadiagnosisdifficult.Theybelievetherealfigureforpoisoningismuchhigheronceyouincludecancersandheartdiseaselinkedtothepesticide.LastyearBritishspecialistsalsofoundevidenceofalinkbetweenorganophosphatesandsevereboneabnormalitiesineightmen.OneoftheresearchersAnthonyLyonsofQueen’sMedicalcentreinNottinghamsayspreliminaryresultsfromalargerfollow-upstudysuggesttheextentofbonedamagemaybeworsethantheyfeared.Allthosewhosufferfromorganophosphatepoisoningcomplainofbecoming"exquisitelysensitive"toanyfurtherexposure.ThisisbadnewsforanyGulfWarveteranssentbacktotheMiddleEast.ManyscientistsanddoctorsareconvincedthatGulfWarSyndromeisatleastpartlycausedbyorganophosphatepesticideswhichweresprayedintentsandonclothestoprotecttroopsfrombitinginsects.AspokesmanforBritain’sMinistryofDefensesaystherearenoimmediateplanstosendgroundtroopstotheGulf.ButtheUSismoving5000troopsintotheregion.Returningtroops"wouldbemorevulnerabletopoisoning"saysoneoftheleadingUSauthoritiesonsuchpoisoning. Whichofthefollowingisexcludedinasymptomoforganophosphatepoisoning
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1There’sonethingaboveallwrongwiththenewBritishpostalcodes:noteveryonehasthatsortofmemory.Someofusofcourseforgetevenh6usenumbersandthepresentpostaldistrictsbutthatmatterslesswhenthereisahumanbeingateverystagetospotthemistake.Whenallthesortingisdoneinoneoperationbyamansittingatamachinetypingspecialmarksontoanenvelopeonesliponyourpartcouldsendyourletterwayoutsidetheareawherethelocalpostmanorafriendlyneighborknowsyourname.OtherwisethenewcodesareallthePostOfficesclaims.Theyarethemostcarefullydesignedintheworldidealforcomputers.Aconfusionoflettersandnumberstheyhavetwopartsseparatedbythegapinthemiddle.Togethertheyclassifyaletternotonlythecitywhereitisgoingbutrightdowntotheroundoftheparticularpostmanwhoistocarryitandeventoagroupofhousesorasinglebigbuilding.Inthelongrunthiswillspeedthemailandcutcosts.Thelongrunis10yearsawaythough.Infactthereareonly12PostOfficesinthecountrywhichhavetherightmachinesfullyworkingandthesystemcannotworkatfullefficiencyuntilitisnationwide.YetthePostOfficewantsustostartusingthecodesnowsothatweshallbetrainedwhenthemachinesareready.ButwillweAbusinessmanImetpraisingthevirtuesofthenewsystemexplainedthatlargecompanieslikehiscouldhavecodesoftheirown.Whatwashiscode“Ohdearme.Nowyou’vegotme.Awfullysorry.HoldonaminutewhileIfindasheetofmyheadednotepaper.”Thenhereadpainfullyasifspellingoutawordinaforeignlanguage"W-I-X-6A-B". AccordingtothepassagewhatmattersmostinletterdeliveryinBritainisthat
Text3Morethanoneintenpeoplewhoareregularlyexposedtoorganophosphatepesticides有机磷酸脂农药willsufferunrecoverablephysicalandmentaldamageateamofpsychiatristswarns.Theinvestigatorssaythattheirsisthefirstseriousattempttoestimatethenumberofpeoplesufferingbecauseofchroniclow-levelexposuretothepesticides."Thisisaworryinghighlevelofillness"saysoneresearcher.ThefindingsbytheresearcherwhoalsotreatsmanyofthevictimsconflictwiththoseoftheBritain’sgovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealthwhichsaysthereisnogoodevidencetosuggestchronicexposureleadstowidespreadillness.Theresearchteamsentquestionnairesto400farmersselectedatrandomfromaphonebook.Of179whoreplied130reportedthattheyhadbeenexposedtoorganophosphates.And21farmerscomplainedofenoughsymptomstobeclassedassufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning.Allowingforbiasinherentinthesurveymethodtheysuggestthataround10percentoffarmersexposedtothepesticidessufferfrompoisoning.Theresearchersalsouncoveredaconsistentpatternofsymptomsrangingfromextremetirednessandspeechdifficultytosuicidalimpulses.Againthiscontrastswiththegovernmentagency’sviewthatthereisnoclearpatternofsymptomsforpesticidepoisoningmakingadiagnosisdifficult.Theybelievetherealfigureforpoisoningismuchhigheronceyouincludecancersandheartdiseaselinkedtothepesticide.LastyearBritishspecialistsalsofoundevidenceofalinkbetweenorganophosphatesandsevereboneabnormalitiesineightmen.OneoftheresearchersAnthonyLyonsofQueen’sMedicalcentreinNottinghamsayspreliminaryresultsfromalargerfollow-upstudysuggesttheextentofbonedamagemaybeworsethantheyfeared.Allthosewhosufferfromorganophosphatepoisoningcomplainofbecoming"exquisitelysensitive"toanyfurtherexposure.ThisisbadnewsforanyGulfWarveteranssentbacktotheMiddleEast.ManyscientistsanddoctorsareconvincedthatGulfWarSyndromeisatleastpartlycausedbyorganophosphatepesticideswhichweresprayedintentsandonclothestoprotecttroopsfrombitinginsects.AspokesmanforBritain’sMinistryofDefensesaystherearenoimmediateplanstosendgroundtroopstotheGulf.ButtheUSismoving5000troopsintotheregion.Returningtroops"wouldbemorevulnerabletopoisoning"saysoneoftheleadingUSauthoritiesonsuchpoisoning. WhatisconsideredtobebadnewsforGulfWarveterans
Text4Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17th-centurytrifil’forhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury~Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattacked’antiscience’inseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason"heldinNewYorkCityin1995and"ScienceintheAgeofMissinformation"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenpmenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberthosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarnfingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm’antiscience’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened." Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle
投机性需求
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsAgreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcoloursthatistosaythecolourationwarnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk臭鼬isoneofthebest1ofthiswithhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks2eveninbroaddaylightandshowsno3whenheseesyou.Heheavily4hisfeetandputshis5upintheairdaringyounottocome6closer.Andifyoudon’ttake7ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling8andnoanimalthathasbeen9byaskunkwillletithappen10IntheReptileHouseatazooyouwillprobablyfindacase11ofsmalltreefrogs.Nowagreat12ofcreaturesliketoeatfrogsandsosomefrogsasa13canoozeoutasubstanceontheirskin14makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded15brightwarningcolourslikeorangeredyellowandbrightgreen.Thisofcoursemakesthem16likebrightly-colouredsweetsandrathergoodto17butthebirdsandanimalsintheforesthavelearnt18bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe19thattastestheworstandsotheyleavethem20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsIntoday’scomplexeconomicworldneitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworldtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivityinternationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexamplethe’UnitedStatesisamajorConsumerofcoffeeyetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.ConsequentlytheUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountriessuchasBrazilColombiaandGuatemalathatgrowcoffeeefficiently.46OntheotherhandtheUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoodssuchaschemicalsandairplaneswhichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitemsuchasoneautomobilefor10000bagsofcoffeeforeigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.SoinsteadofbarterwhichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoneytheUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.47ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollarswhichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustraliawhichinmmcanbuytextilesfromGreatBritainwhichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.Foreigntradetheexchangeofgoodsbetweennationstakesplaceformanyreasons.48Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZairediamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugaritconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Thirdonenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.AccordingtoeconomictheoryJapanshouldproduceandexportthoseitemsfromwhichitderivesacomparativeadvantage.49Itshouldalsobuyandimportwhatitneedsfromthosecountriesthathaveacomparative’advantageinthedesireditems.Finallyforeigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.50EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountryitstillimportslargenumbersofautosfromGermanyJapan’andSwedenprimarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates. Firstasmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.
Text2Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetryartormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.HowcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechildThereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystem.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchildbecauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechild’forbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybehoweverthatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematicstheywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalabilityitmaybethatwhatisinheritedifanespeciallysensitiveearapeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthe.vocalorgansconnectibnsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecuteandparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactorsinothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup. Accordingtothepassageachildmayinherit
Text4Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17th-centurytrifil’forhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury~Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattacked’antiscience’inseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason"heldinNewYorkCityin1995and"ScienceintheAgeofMissinformation"whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenpmenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberthosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.ButsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscienceasanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarnfingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm’antiscience’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthingsnotesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened." ThewordschismLine3Para.1inthecontextprobablymeans
1.Thereareatleastthreemajoradvantagestolivinginasmalltown.Thefirstistheeasewithwhichapersoncangetaround. 2.Thesecondadvantagesisthelowcostofliving. 3.Thegreatestbenefitofsmall-townlifeisthefriendliness.
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