首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
简述学校教育内容的社会制约因素。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
影响人格发展的社会因素有
家庭教育模式、学校教育、同辈群体
家庭教育模式、学校教育、社会环境
父母性格、学校教育、同辈群体
家庭教育模式、校风校纪、同辈群体
制约儿童心理发展的因素有成熟与学习社会环境因素学校教育因素及主观能动因素
组织学生参加社会实践要紧紧围绕进行
学校教育内容
学校教育目的
学校教育途径
学校教育方法
制约儿童心理发展的因素有遗传与环境成熟与学习________学校教育因素及主观能动因素
简述社会流动的制约因素
影响人格发展的社会因素包括
家庭教养模式、学校教育、同辈群体
家庭教养模式、学校教育、社会环境
父母性格、学校教育、同辈群体
家庭教养模式、校风校纪、同辈群体
制约儿童心理发展的因素有遗传和环境..社会环境因素.学校教育因素及主观能动因素.
简述学校教育制度建立的依据影响学校教育制度的因素
简述学校教育家庭教育与社会教育的关系以及学校教育如何指导和配合家庭教育和社会教育
简述封建社会学校教育的基本特征
简述学校教育内容的特征
学校形成办学特色的制约因素是
校长
教师
传统和校风
时代和社会环境
简述社会保障水平的制约因素
简述学校教育与社会教育相互配合的主要途径
中小学生身心发展的影响受到学校多方面因素的制约主要包括______
学校工作的指导思想
学校教育水平的高低
学校与社会、家庭的联系程度
学校校园环境的优劣
请结合史实简述古代社会的学校教育内容是如何严重脱离生产劳动和社会实际的
热门试题
更多
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
直接影响细胞内cAMP含量的酶是
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.289words Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Directions: Achemicalplantshouldberesponsibleforthewaterpollutioninanearbyriver.WritealettertotheCityEnvironmentProtectionAgencyto 注投诉信是应用文命题的重点之一 1statethepresentsituation 2suggestwaystodealwiththeproblemand 3expressyoursincerehope. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead. Donotneedtowritetheaddress.
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese. YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. 46Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtowards"directed"or"programmed"research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand. Atthebeginningofthecenturyhoweverthesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense:thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemostassistedbyoneortwotechnicians.47Neverthelessthescientistoftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitableroomswasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationhelikedsincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform. 48Asthecenturydevelopedtheincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossibleinmanycasesfortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdatatechniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.49Owingtothelargesumsofmoneyinvolveditwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.Thisthenwasprogrammedprogrammaticresearch Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearchdevelopmentespeciallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.50Inconsequencethereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfieldwheretherearemorejobsavailablefrequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity. Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscienceitiseasytoseethatthissystemifextendedtoofarcarriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience--andnotonlypuresciencebutappliedscienceaswell.409words Owingtothelargesumsofmoneyinvolveditwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.
AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger. Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve. Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs. Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof"shopstewards"inmanyunions"shopstewards"beingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411words Whatbasicproblemarewetoldmosttradeunionsface
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities--aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacksHispanicsandotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackofaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongressinapparentagreementhasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan＄500000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeedsomefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises. Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom＄77millionin1972to1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover＄3billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade. Promisingasitisforminoritybusinessesthisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthemtoo.Firstminorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinanciallysincemostaresmallconcernsandunlikelargebusinessestheyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentinnewplantsstaffequipmentandthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Ifthereaftertheirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreducedsuchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresourcesandasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinordersorboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer. AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourseinmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearlyWhiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas"fronts"withWhitebackingratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures. Thirdaminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecomingandremainingdependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstancesfiercecompetitionfromlargermoreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactortheymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.469words Notes:civilrightsactivists公民权利激进分子Hispanics西班牙后裔美国人sizableorders大额订单subcontract转包合同onformsfiledwiththegovernment在政府存档备案percentagegoals指标apportionment分配分派publicworks市政工程letup减弱缓和promisingasitis...这是as引导的让步状语从句表语倒装了patronage优惠concernn.公司andthelike以及诸如此类的cripplingfixedexpenses引起损失的固定开支theworldof大量的bid投标tocashinon...靠……赚钱teamup一起工作合作"fronts"在此处意为“摆门面”complacency自满 Theauthorimpliesthataminority-ownedconcernthatdoesthegreaterpartofitsbusinesswithonelargecorporatecustomershould
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese. YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. 46Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtowards"directed"or"programmed"research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand. Atthebeginningofthecenturyhoweverthesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense:thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemostassistedbyoneortwotechnicians.47Neverthelessthescientistoftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitableroomswasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationhelikedsincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform. 48Asthecenturydevelopedtheincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossibleinmanycasesfortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdatatechniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.49Owingtothelargesumsofmoneyinvolveditwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.Thisthenwasprogrammedprogrammaticresearch Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearchdevelopmentespeciallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.50Inconsequencethereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfieldwheretherearemorejobsavailablefrequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity. Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscienceitiseasytoseethatthissystemifextendedtoofarcarriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience--andnotonlypuresciencebutappliedscienceaswell.409words Neverthelessthescientistoftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitableroomswasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationhelikedsincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread. Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem. Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans. Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions. Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences. Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips. Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.377words Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出touchupon触及creed信条教义inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities--aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacksHispanicsandotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackofaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongressinapparentagreementhasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan＄500000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeedsomefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises. Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom＄77millionin1972to1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover＄3billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade. Promisingasitisforminoritybusinessesthisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthemtoo.Firstminorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinanciallysincemostaresmallconcernsandunlikelargebusinessestheyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentinnewplantsstaffequipmentandthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Ifthereaftertheirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreducedsuchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresourcesandasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinordersorboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer. AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourseinmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearlyWhiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas"fronts"withWhitebackingratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures. Thirdaminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecomingandremainingdependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstancesfiercecompetitionfromlargermoreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactortheymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.469words Notes:civilrightsactivists公民权利激进分子Hispanics西班牙后裔美国人sizableorders大额订单subcontract转包合同onformsfiledwiththegovernment在政府存档备案percentagegoals指标apportionment分配分派publicworks市政工程letup减弱缓和promisingasitis...这是as引导的让步状语从句表语倒装了patronage优惠concernn.公司andthelike以及诸如此类的cripplingfixedexpenses引起损失的固定开支theworldof大量的bid投标tocashinon...靠……赚钱teamup一起工作合作"fronts"在此处意为“摆门面”complacency自满 Accordingtothetextcivilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Bycontrastsomewhatmorethan25percentoftheearth’spopulationcanbefoundintheindustrializedsocieties.Theyleadmodernlives.Theyareproductsofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturymoldedbymechanizationandmasseducationbroughtupwithlingeringmemoriesoftheirowncountry’sagriculturalpast.Theyareineffectthepeopleofthepresent. [B]Theremaining2or3percentoftheworld’spopulationhoweverarenolongerpeopleofeitherthepastorthepresent.ForwithinthemaincentersoftechnologicalandculturalchangeinSantaMonicaCaliforniaandCambridgeMassachusettsinNewYorkandLondonandTokyoaremillionsofmenandwomenwhocanalreadybesaidtobelivingthewayoflifeofthefuture.Trend-makersoftenwithoutbeingawareofitlivetodayasmillionswilllivetomorrow.Andwhiletheyaccountforonlyafewpercentoftheglobalpopulationtodaytheyarealreadyfromaninternationalnationofthefutureinourmidst.Theyaretheadvancedagentsofmantheearliestcitizensoftheworldwidesuper-industrialsocietynowinthethroesofbirth. [C]ItisinfactnottoomuchtosaythatthepaceoflifedrawsalinethroughhumanitydividingusintocampstriggeringbittermisunderstandingbetweenparentandchildbetweenMadisonAvenueandMainStreetbetweenmenandwomenbetweenAmericanandEuropeanbetweenEastandWest. [D]WhatmakesthemdifferentfromtherestofmankindCertainlytheyarericherbettereducatedmoremobilethanthemajorityofthehumanrace.Theyalsolivelonger.Butwhatspecificallymarksthepeopleofthefutureisthefactthattheyarealreadycaughtupinanewstepped-uppaceoflife.They"livefaster"thanthepeoplearoundthem. [E]Theinhabitantsoftheeartharedividednotonlybyracenationreligionorideologybutalsoinasensebytheirpositionsintime.Examiningthepresentpopulationoftheglobewefindatinygroupwhostilllivehuntingandfood-foragingasmendidmillenniaago.Othersthevastmajorityofmankinddependnotonbear-huntingorberry-pickingbutonagriculture.Theyliveinmanyrespectsastheirancestorsdidcenturiesago.Thesetwogroupstakentogethercomposeperhaps70percentofalllivinghumanbeings.Theyarethepeopleofthepast. [F]Somepeoplearedeeplyattractedtothishighlyacceleratedpaceoflife--goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitaboutandfeelinganxioustenseoruncomfortablewhenthepaceslows.Theywantdesperatelytobe"wheretheactionis."JamesA.Wilsonhasfoundforexamplethattheattractionforafastpaceoflifeisoneofthehiddenmotivatingforcesbehindthemuch-publicized"brain-drain"--themassmigrationofEuropeanscientistsandengineerswhomigratedtotheU.S.andCanada.Heconcludedthatitwasnohighersalariesorbetterresearchfacilitiesalonebutalsothequickertempothatlurethem.Themigrantshewrites"arenotputoffbywhattheyindicatedasthe’fasterpace~ofNorthAmerica;ifanythingtheyappeartopreferthispacetoothers." [G]Thepaceoflifeisfrequentlycommentedonbyordinarypeople.Yetoddlyenoughithasreceivedalmostnoattentionfromeitherpsychologistsorsociologists.Thisisagapinginadequacyinthebehavioralsciencesforthepaceoflifeprofoundlyinfluencesbehaviorevokingstrongandcontrastingreactionsfromdifferentpeople.578words Notes:gaping是gape的现在分词gapevi.裂开nottoomuch一点也不多一点也不过分MadisonAvenue麦迪逊街纽约一条街道的名字美国主要广告公司公共关系事务所集中于此常用以表示此等公司之作风做法等MainStreet实利主义社会food-foraging觅食的millennium千年trend-maker=trend-setter领导新潮的人inthethroesof为……而苦干搏斗becaughtupin陷入goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitabout远远没有阻碍它的诞生brain-drain高科技人才流动从欧洲到美洲 41
Text2AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger. Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve. Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs. Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof"shopstewards"inmanyunions"shopstewards"beingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411words AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransportandharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger. Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries’economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritain’sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakesawagespolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve. Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembers’disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs. Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdoproblemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelectedorevenappointedforlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof"shopstewards"inmanyunions"shopstewards"beingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.411words Becauseoftheirout-of-dateorganizationsomeunionsfinditdifficultto
IstheliterarycriticlikethepoetrespondingcreativelyintuitivelysubjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientistfollowingaseriesofdemonstrableverifiablestepsusinganobjectivemethodofanalysis Forthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticismthesubjectivityversusobjectivityorcritic-as-artist-or-scientistdebatehasspecialsignificance;forherthequestionisnotonlyacademicbutpoliticalaswellandherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific--avalidverifiableintellectualmethodthatanyonewhethermanorwomancanperform--thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossiblebutmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinkingespeciallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitiveprivilegedasartthenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthinkandwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudiceswomenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalyticaltobeobjectiveortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artistwomenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense. Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggleinwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstakeandwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstandingacontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety. Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisas"masculine"andanintuitiveapproachas"feminine"thetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticismshewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.418words TheauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatparticularlyaffectwomenwhoaretheoreticiansoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPTthe
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread. Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem. Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans. Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions. Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences. Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips. Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.377words Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出touchupon触及creed信条教义inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Thetextspeciallystatesthat
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Bycontrastsomewhatmorethan25percentoftheearth’spopulationcanbefoundintheindustrializedsocieties.Theyleadmodernlives.Theyareproductsofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturymoldedbymechanizationandmasseducationbroughtupwithlingeringmemoriesoftheirowncountry’sagriculturalpast.Theyareineffectthepeopleofthepresent. [B]Theremaining2or3percentoftheworld’spopulationhoweverarenolongerpeopleofeitherthepastorthepresent.ForwithinthemaincentersoftechnologicalandculturalchangeinSantaMonicaCaliforniaandCambridgeMassachusettsinNewYorkandLondonandTokyoaremillionsofmenandwomenwhocanalreadybesaidtobelivingthewayoflifeofthefuture.Trend-makersoftenwithoutbeingawareofitlivetodayasmillionswilllivetomorrow.Andwhiletheyaccountforonlyafewpercentoftheglobalpopulationtodaytheyarealreadyfromaninternationalnationofthefutureinourmidst.Theyaretheadvancedagentsofmantheearliestcitizensoftheworldwidesuper-industrialsocietynowinthethroesofbirth. [C]ItisinfactnottoomuchtosaythatthepaceoflifedrawsalinethroughhumanitydividingusintocampstriggeringbittermisunderstandingbetweenparentandchildbetweenMadisonAvenueandMainStreetbetweenmenandwomenbetweenAmericanandEuropeanbetweenEastandWest. [D]WhatmakesthemdifferentfromtherestofmankindCertainlytheyarericherbettereducatedmoremobilethanthemajorityofthehumanrace.Theyalsolivelonger.Butwhatspecificallymarksthepeopleofthefutureisthefactthattheyarealreadycaughtupinanewstepped-uppaceoflife.They"livefaster"thanthepeoplearoundthem. [E]Theinhabitantsoftheeartharedividednotonlybyracenationreligionorideologybutalsoinasensebytheirpositionsintime.Examiningthepresentpopulationoftheglobewefindatinygroupwhostilllivehuntingandfood-foragingasmendidmillenniaago.Othersthevastmajorityofmankinddependnotonbear-huntingorberry-pickingbutonagriculture.Theyliveinmanyrespectsastheirancestorsdidcenturiesago.Thesetwogroupstakentogethercomposeperhaps70percentofalllivinghumanbeings.Theyarethepeopleofthepast. [F]Somepeoplearedeeplyattractedtothishighlyacceleratedpaceoflife--goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitaboutandfeelinganxioustenseoruncomfortablewhenthepaceslows.Theywantdesperatelytobe"wheretheactionis."JamesA.Wilsonhasfoundforexamplethattheattractionforafastpaceoflifeisoneofthehiddenmotivatingforcesbehindthemuch-publicized"brain-drain"--themassmigrationofEuropeanscientistsandengineerswhomigratedtotheU.S.andCanada.Heconcludedthatitwasnohighersalariesorbetterresearchfacilitiesalonebutalsothequickertempothatlurethem.Themigrantshewrites"arenotputoffbywhattheyindicatedasthe’fasterpace~ofNorthAmerica;ifanythingtheyappeartopreferthispacetoothers." [G]Thepaceoflifeisfrequentlycommentedonbyordinarypeople.Yetoddlyenoughithasreceivedalmostnoattentionfromeitherpsychologistsorsociologists.Thisisagapinginadequacyinthebehavioralsciencesforthepaceoflifeprofoundlyinfluencesbehaviorevokingstrongandcontrastingreactionsfromdifferentpeople.578words Notes:gaping是gape的现在分词gapevi.裂开nottoomuch一点也不多一点也不过分MadisonAvenue麦迪逊街纽约一条街道的名字美国主要广告公司公共关系事务所集中于此常用以表示此等公司之作风做法等MainStreet实利主义社会food-foraging觅食的millennium千年trend-maker=trend-setter领导新潮的人inthethroesof为……而苦干搏斗becaughtupin陷入goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitabout远远没有阻碍它的诞生brain-drain高科技人才流动从欧洲到美洲 45
IstheliterarycriticlikethepoetrespondingcreativelyintuitivelysubjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientistfollowingaseriesofdemonstrableverifiablestepsusinganobjectivemethodofanalysis Forthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticismthesubjectivityversusobjectivityorcritic-as-artist-or-scientistdebatehasspecialsignificance;forherthequestionisnotonlyacademicbutpoliticalaswellandherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific--avalidverifiableintellectualmethodthatanyonewhethermanorwomancanperform--thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossiblebutmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinkingespeciallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitiveprivilegedasartthenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthinkandwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudiceswomenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalyticaltobeobjectiveortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artistwomenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense. Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggleinwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstakeandwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstandingacontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety. Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisas"masculine"andanintuitiveapproachas"feminine"thetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticismshewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.418words Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeoneoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesmentionedbytheauthor
与细胞生长增殖和分化有关的信号转导途径主要有
通常血清中酶活性升高的主要原因是
通过胞内受体发挥作用的激素是
IstheliterarycriticlikethepoetrespondingcreativelyintuitivelysubjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperienceOristhecriticmorelikeascientistfollowingaseriesofdemonstrableverifiablestepsusinganobjectivemethodofanalysis Forthewomanwhoisapractitioneroffeministliterarycriticismthesubjectivityversusobjectivityorcritic-as-artist-or-scientistdebatehasspecialsignificance;forherthequestionisnotonlyacademicbutpoliticalaswellandherdefinitionwillprovokespecialriskswhicheversideoftheissueitfavors.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismasobjectiveandscientific--avalidverifiableintellectualmethodthatanyonewhethermanorwomancanperform--thedefinitionnotonlymakesthecritic-as-artistapproachimpossiblebutmayalsohinderaccomplishmentoftheutilitarianpoliticalobjectivesofthosewhoseektochangetheacademicestablishmentanditsthinkingespeciallyaboutsexroles.Ifshedefinesfeministcriticismascreativeandintuitiveprivilegedasartthenherworkbecomesvulnerabletotheprejudicesofstereotypicideasaboutthewaysinwhichwomenthinkandwillbedismissedbymuchoftheacademicestablishment.Becauseoftheseprejudiceswomenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeanalyticaltobeobjectiveortothinkcritically.Whereasmenmaybefreetoclaimtheroleofcritic-as-artistwomenrundifferentprofessionalriskswhentheychooseintuitionandprivateexperienceascriticalmethodanddefense. Thesequestionsarepoliticalinthesensethatthedebateoverthemwillinevitablybelessanexplorationofabstractmattersinaspiritofdisinterestedinquirythananacademicpowerstruggleinwhichthecareersandprofessionalfortunesofmanywomenscholarsonlynowenteringtheacademicprofessioninsubstantialnumberswillbeatstakeandwiththemthechancesforadistinctivecontributiontohumanisticunderstandingacontributionthatmightbeanimportantinfluenceagainstsexisminoursociety. Aslongastheacademicestablishmentcontinuestoregardobjectiveanalysisas"masculine"andanintuitiveapproachas"feminine"thetheoreticianmuststeeradelicatephilosophicalcoursebetweenthetwo.Ifshewishestoconstructatheoryoffeministcriticismshewouldbewelladvisedtoplaceitwithintheframeworkofageneraltheoryofthecriticalprocessthatisneitherpurelyobjectivenorpurelyintuitive.Hertheoryisthenmorelikelytobecomparedandcontrastedwithothertheoriesofcriticismwithsomedegreeofdispassionatedistance.418words Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthetext
Directions: Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.[ A]Bycontrastsomewhatmorethan25percentoftheearth’spopulationcanbefoundintheindustrializedsocieties.Theyleadmodernlives.Theyareproductsofthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturymoldedbymechanizationandmasseducationbroughtupwithlingeringmemoriesoftheirowncountry’sagriculturalpast.Theyareineffectthepeopleofthepresent. [B]Theremaining2or3percentoftheworld’spopulationhoweverarenolongerpeopleofeitherthepastorthepresent.ForwithinthemaincentersoftechnologicalandculturalchangeinSantaMonicaCaliforniaandCambridgeMassachusettsinNewYorkandLondonandTokyoaremillionsofmenandwomenwhocanalreadybesaidtobelivingthewayoflifeofthefuture.Trend-makersoftenwithoutbeingawareofitlivetodayasmillionswilllivetomorrow.Andwhiletheyaccountforonlyafewpercentoftheglobalpopulationtodaytheyarealreadyfromaninternationalnationofthefutureinourmidst.Theyaretheadvancedagentsofmantheearliestcitizensoftheworldwidesuper-industrialsocietynowinthethroesofbirth. [C]ItisinfactnottoomuchtosaythatthepaceoflifedrawsalinethroughhumanitydividingusintocampstriggeringbittermisunderstandingbetweenparentandchildbetweenMadisonAvenueandMainStreetbetweenmenandwomenbetweenAmericanandEuropeanbetweenEastandWest. [D]WhatmakesthemdifferentfromtherestofmankindCertainlytheyarericherbettereducatedmoremobilethanthemajorityofthehumanrace.Theyalsolivelonger.Butwhatspecificallymarksthepeopleofthefutureisthefactthattheyarealreadycaughtupinanewstepped-uppaceoflife.They"livefaster"thanthepeoplearoundthem. [E]Theinhabitantsoftheeartharedividednotonlybyracenationreligionorideologybutalsoinasensebytheirpositionsintime.Examiningthepresentpopulationoftheglobewefindatinygroupwhostilllivehuntingandfood-foragingasmendidmillenniaago.Othersthevastmajorityofmankinddependnotonbear-huntingorberry-pickingbutonagriculture.Theyliveinmanyrespectsastheirancestorsdidcenturiesago.Thesetwogroupstakentogethercomposeperhaps70percentofalllivinghumanbeings.Theyarethepeopleofthepast. [F]Somepeoplearedeeplyattractedtothishighlyacceleratedpaceoflife--goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitaboutandfeelinganxioustenseoruncomfortablewhenthepaceslows.Theywantdesperatelytobe"wheretheactionis."JamesA.Wilsonhasfoundforexamplethattheattractionforafastpaceoflifeisoneofthehiddenmotivatingforcesbehindthemuch-publicized"brain-drain"--themassmigrationofEuropeanscientistsandengineerswhomigratedtotheU.S.andCanada.Heconcludedthatitwasnohighersalariesorbetterresearchfacilitiesalonebutalsothequickertempothatlurethem.Themigrantshewrites"arenotputoffbywhattheyindicatedasthe’fasterpace~ofNorthAmerica;ifanythingtheyappeartopreferthispacetoothers." [G]Thepaceoflifeisfrequentlycommentedonbyordinarypeople.Yetoddlyenoughithasreceivedalmostnoattentionfromeitherpsychologistsorsociologists.Thisisagapinginadequacyinthebehavioralsciencesforthepaceoflifeprofoundlyinfluencesbehaviorevokingstrongandcontrastingreactionsfromdifferentpeople.578words Notes:gaping是gape的现在分词gapevi.裂开nottoomuch一点也不多一点也不过分MadisonAvenue麦迪逊街纽约一条街道的名字美国主要广告公司公共关系事务所集中于此常用以表示此等公司之作风做法等MainStreet实利主义社会food-foraging觅食的millennium千年trend-maker=trend-setter领导新潮的人inthethroesof为……而苦干搏斗becaughtupin陷入goingfaroutoftheirwaytobringitabout远远没有阻碍它的诞生brain-drain高科技人才流动从欧洲到美洲 43
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread. Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem. Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans. Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions. Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences. Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips. Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.377words Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出touchupon触及creed信条教义inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Inparagraph6theauthorimpliesthat
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号