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Find Yourself Packing It On Blame Friends Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a vir...
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WhyNotEatBreakfastBreakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup转动起来intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfastyouarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorningfeelirritableshort-tempered易怒的tiredorweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfastyourbodystaysinslowgear.Alsopeoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge无节制的在吃laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie高卡里路snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringthedayhavemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverageweeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorningtryeatingalighter-dinnerearlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughoutthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadsricenoodlesandcereals.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofapersonwhodoesnothavebreakfast
Television Television—thatmostpervasive普遍深入的andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologiesmarkedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoaneweraaneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatilitywhichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsortsmadepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies. Theword"television"derivedfromitsGreektele:distantandLatinvision:sightrootscanliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyputitworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronicstelevisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimagefocusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacameraintoelectronicimpulseswhichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulseswhenfedintoareceivertelevisionsetcanthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage. Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystemhowever.Itisameansofexpressionaswellasavehicleforcommunicationandassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings. Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.Firstthereisbroadcasttelevisionwhichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedair-wavestransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Secondthereisnon-broadcasttelevisionwhichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques. Traditionallytelevisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.DuringthoseyearsithasbeencontrolledforthemostpartbythebroadcastnetworksABCNBCandCBSwhohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnewsinformationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainmentplacingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer. Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups
{{*HTML*}}GlobalWarming??1?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse温室effect．Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.??2?ThiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUNSIntergovemmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions．Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2.C．Sothe0.6.Cofwarmingoverthepastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8.C.withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher--aerosolsmayhavereducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree—quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8.C.Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmerthanitisnow．Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5?thosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmospherewhileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesforestimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.{{*HTML*}}Theincreaseofgreenhousegases______.??A.willinfluencefutureclimatechange??B.wassomewhatsurprising??C.willriserapidly??D.wasknowntoUSall??E.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeenexpected??F.willdropdramatically
Hewasnoteligiblefortheexaminationbecausehewasoverage.
Television Television—thatmostpervasive普遍深入的andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologiesmarkedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoaneweraaneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatilitywhichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsortsmadepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies. Theword"television"derivedfromitsGreektele:distantandLatinvision:sightrootscanliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyputitworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronicstelevisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimagefocusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacameraintoelectronicimpulseswhichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulseswhenfedintoareceivertelevisionsetcanthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage. Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystemhowever.Itisameansofexpressionaswellasavehicleforcommunicationandassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings. Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.Firstthereisbroadcasttelevisionwhichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedair-wavestransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Secondthereisnon-broadcasttelevisionwhichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques. Traditionallytelevisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.DuringthoseyearsithasbeencontrolledforthemostpartbythebroadcastnetworksABCNBCandCBSwhohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnewsinformationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainmentplacingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer. Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage
HelenandMartin WithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch. OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother. Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings. Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved. 65.
WhyNotEatBreakfastBreakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup转动起来intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfastyouarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorningfeelirritableshort-tempered易怒的tiredorweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfastyourbodystaysinslowgear.Alsopeoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge无节制的在吃laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie高卡里路snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringthedayhavemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverageweeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorningtryeatingalighter-dinnerearlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughoutthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadsricenoodlesandcereals.Whichofthefollowingisahealthyeatinghabit
{{*HTML*}}GlobalWarming??1?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse温室effect．Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.??2?ThiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUNSIntergovemmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions．Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2.C．Sothe0.6.Cofwarmingoverthepastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8.C.withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher--aerosolsmayhavereducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree—quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8.C.Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmerthanitisnow．Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5?thosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmospherewhileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesforestimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.Paragraph3______.
AnAwfulAfternoon SometimesIfeelthatbeingthemotherofthreesmallchildrenislikerunningalargecircus马戏团.Oneafternoonlastweekmythreesonswereplayingpeacefullyinthebackyardthrowingtheballfromonetotheother.IjumpedatthechancetotalktooneofmyfriendsonthephonebutbeforeIgottothephoneIcouldtellthattheboyshadbeguntoquarrelwitheachotheroversomething.IrushedouttomakepeacebutbeforeIgotthereCharleshadbeguntofightoverthis.EvenDavidtheoldestboywhowon’tusuallyfightwithanybodyoveranythingwasinvolved.FirstImadethemstopfightingandthenIexaminedMark’seye.Idecidedthatitwasn’tgoingtodevelopintoablackeyebutIfeltthattheyshouldsufferatleastalittleforwhattheyhaddone."I’mgoingtospeaktoyourfatheraboutthesewhenhecomeshometonight"Isaid."HeandIwillthinkofhowtopunishyou."ThingswereprettyquietafterthatforabouthalfanhourandthenCharlesbrokeaglassinthekitchensinkandatalmostthesamemomentMarkfelloutoftheappletree.IsupposeIwillbeabletolaughatallthesethingssomeday.InthemeantimeIjustpraytoheavenforpatience. CharleshitDavidintheeye.
Heconfessesthathehasdoneit.
{{*HTML*}}GlobalWarming??1?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse温室effect．Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.??2?ThiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUNSIntergovemmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions．Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2.C．Sothe0.6.Cofwarmingoverthepastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8.C.withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher--aerosolsmayhavereducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree—quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8.C.Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmerthanitisnow．Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5?thosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmospherewhileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesforestimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.TheconclusionreachedattheBerlinworkshop______.
AnAwfulAfternoon SometimesIfeelthatbeingthemotherofthreesmallchildrenislikerunningalargecircus马戏团.Oneafternoonlastweekmythreesonswereplayingpeacefullyinthebackyardthrowingtheballfromonetotheother.IjumpedatthechancetotalktooneofmyfriendsonthephonebutbeforeIgottothephoneIcouldtellthattheboyshadbeguntoquarrelwitheachotheroversomething.IrushedouttomakepeacebutbeforeIgotthereCharleshadbeguntofightoverthis.EvenDavidtheoldestboywhowon’tusuallyfightwithanybodyoveranythingwasinvolved.FirstImadethemstopfightingandthenIexaminedMark’seye.Idecidedthatitwasn’tgoingtodevelopintoablackeyebutIfeltthattheyshouldsufferatleastalittleforwhattheyhaddone."I’mgoingtospeaktoyourfatheraboutthesewhenhecomeshometonight"Isaid."HeandIwillthinkofhowtopunishyou."ThingswereprettyquietafterthatforabouthalfanhourandthenCharlesbrokeaglassinthekitchensinkandatalmostthesamemomentMarkfelloutoftheappletree.IsupposeIwillbeabletolaughatallthesethingssomeday.InthemeantimeIjustpraytoheavenforpatience. Itisnoteasytolookafterthreesmallchildrenbecausesomethingalwayshappensunexpectedtothem.
{{*HTML*}}HappyBirthdaytoYou??ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmaincharacteristics:itwon’tstayAmerican.Nomatterwhatitiswhetheritisfilmsfoodandfashionmusiccasualsportsorslangit’ssoonathomeelsewhereintheworld.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthisappeal.??OnetheoryisthatithasbeenadvertisedandmarketedthroughAmericanfilmspopularmusicandmorerecentlytelevision.?1?.Theyareafterallincompetitionwiththoseproducedbyothercountries.??AnothertheoryprobablyamorecommononeisthatAmericanpopularcultureisinternationallyassociatedwithsomethingcalledthespiritofAmerica.?2?.??Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:Americanpopularcultureispopularbecausealotofpeopleintheworldlikeit.??RegardlessofwhyitspreadsAmericanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidlyadoptedandthenadaptedinmanyothercountries.?3?.HappyBirthdaytoYouforinstanceissuchaneverydaysongthatitssourceitsAmericancopyrightsotospeakisnotremembered.BlackleatherjacketswornbymanyheroesinAmericanmoviescouldbefoundagenerationlateronallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethismanly-looktheirown.??Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingandmusic.SomepeoplecanstillrememberatimewhenT-shirtsjoggingclothestennisshoesdenimjacketsandbluejeanswerenotcommondailyweareverywhere.OnlytwentyyearsagoitwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisorherclothes.Nolongerso:thosebrightcolorscheckeredjacketsandtrousershatsandsockswhichwereoncemadefunofincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.?4???ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginningwhenitwasstillclearlyAmericanitwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasoncethoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheirmoralsandwasactuallyoutlawedinseveralcountries.TodaywhilestillshowingitsratherAmericanrootsithasbecomesowellestablished.Rock’n’rollandallitsvariationscountry&westernmusicallhavemoreorlesssimilarhistories.TheywerefirstresistedofteninAmericanaswellasbeinglow-classandthenasadangertoournation’syouth.?5?.AndthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedanddevelopedandexportedbacktotheUS.??A.AsaresultitsAmericanoriginsandrootsareoftenquicklyforgotten.??B.ButthistheoryfailstoexplainwhyAmericanfilmsmusicandtelevisionprogramsaresopopularinthemselves.??C.Americaninorigininformalclothinghasbecometheworld’sfirsttrulyuniversalstyle.??D.TheBBCforexamplebannedrockandrolluntil1962.??E.Americanfoodhasbecomepopulararoundtheworldtoo.??F.Thisspiritisvariouslydescribedasbeingyoungandfreeoptimisticandconfidentinformalanddisrespectful.
Theyareendeavoringtoreformthepresentrules.
BritishGovernment WhenBritishvotersgotothepollsduringGeneralElectionstodecide51willgovernthemtheyusuallyhaveachoiceofatleastthreecandidateswhowilleach52oneofthethreemainpoliticalpartiesinBritaintoday. TheLabourPartyisthepartyof53whiletheToryConservativePartytherightand54thetwowithpoliciesandopinionsofitsownisthesmallerLiberalParty. Britainisdividedintoover600politicalunitscalled"constituencies"eachwith55owncandidateswhostandforParliamenthopingtobeelectedorre-electedwithlargemajorities.ThecitiesandlargetownsarethemselvesdividedintoconstituenciesandtheyalsochoosetheMembersofparliamentMPswhowillrepresenttheir56inthehousesofParliamentatWestminster.Hereinthe"House"thegovernment57thedayledbyitsPrimeministerandhisCabinet—ateamofspeciallyselectedministers—58itsdutiesofgoverningthecountry.Variousproposalsareputforwardfordebateanddiscussionandthesemay59becomepartofthelawoftheland.Thegovernment60hastofacethecriticismoftheotherpartieswhichareinopposition.This.isthesortofdemocraticprocessthatthemajorityofBritishpeopleseemto61HerMajesty’sGovernmentiswatchedoverbyHerMajesty’sOppositionand62acertainbalanceofpowerismaintained.Decisionsaremadebyamajorityvoteandthisofcourseis63theotherpartiestheliberalsthenationalandRegionalpartiesandotherindependentpartiescan64theirinfluence.Someissuesmaybedecidedona65handfulofvotes. 51
AnAwfulAfternoon SometimesIfeelthatbeingthemotherofthreesmallchildrenislikerunningalargecircus马戏团.Oneafternoonlastweekmythreesonswereplayingpeacefullyinthebackyardthrowingtheballfromonetotheother.IjumpedatthechancetotalktooneofmyfriendsonthephonebutbeforeIgottothephoneIcouldtellthattheboyshadbeguntoquarrelwitheachotheroversomething.IrushedouttomakepeacebutbeforeIgotthereCharleshadbeguntofightoverthis.EvenDavidtheoldestboywhowon’tusuallyfightwithanybodyoveranythingwasinvolved.FirstImadethemstopfightingandthenIexaminedMark’seye.Idecidedthatitwasn’tgoingtodevelopintoablackeyebutIfeltthattheyshouldsufferatleastalittleforwhattheyhaddone."I’mgoingtospeaktoyourfatheraboutthesewhenhecomeshometonight"Isaid."HeandIwillthinkofhowtopunishyou."ThingswereprettyquietafterthatforabouthalfanhourandthenCharlesbrokeaglassinthekitchensinkandatalmostthesamemomentMarkfelloutoftheappletree.IsupposeIwillbeabletolaughatallthesethingssomeday.InthemeantimeIjustpraytoheavenforpatience. Themotherofthethreechildrenisthemanagerofalargecircus.
Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnightlackoffreshairisoftenthecause.
AnAwfulAfternoon SometimesIfeelthatbeingthemotherofthreesmallchildrenislikerunningalargecircus马戏团.Oneafternoonlastweekmythreesonswereplayingpeacefullyinthebackyardthrowingtheballfromonetotheother.IjumpedatthechancetotalktooneofmyfriendsonthephonebutbeforeIgottothephoneIcouldtellthattheboyshadbeguntoquarrelwitheachotheroversomething.IrushedouttomakepeacebutbeforeIgotthereCharleshadbeguntofightoverthis.EvenDavidtheoldestboywhowon’tusuallyfightwithanybodyoveranythingwasinvolved.FirstImadethemstopfightingandthenIexaminedMark’seye.Idecidedthatitwasn’tgoingtodevelopintoablackeyebutIfeltthattheyshouldsufferatleastalittleforwhattheyhaddone."I’mgoingtospeaktoyourfatheraboutthesewhenhecomeshometonight"Isaid."HeandIwillthinkofhowtopunishyou."ThingswereprettyquietafterthatforabouthalfanhourandthenCharlesbrokeaglassinthekitchensinkandatalmostthesamemomentMarkfelloutoftheappletree.IsupposeIwillbeabletolaughatallthesethingssomeday.InthemeantimeIjustpraytoheavenforpatience. Whenthemothersawhersonfallouttheappletreeshelaughedathim.
Glaciersterminatewheretherateoficelossisequivalenttotheforwardadvanceoftheglacier.
Imusthavewaitedfortenminutesbeforethetelephoneoperatorputmethrough.
TheStreetViolinist小提琴手 Igotupanddressedstuckmyviolinundermyjacketandwentoutintothestreetstotrymyluck.IwanderedaboutforanhourlookingforalikelyspotfeelingasthoughIwereabouttocommitacrime.ThenIstoppedatlastunderabridgenearthestationanddecidedtohaveatry. Ifelttenseandnervous.Itwasthefirsttimeafterall.Idrewtheviolinfromundermycoatlikeagun.ItwashereinSouthamptonwithtrainsrattling咔嗒咔嗒地行驶overheadthatIwasabouttodeclaremyself.OnemomentIwaspartofthehurryingcrowdsthenextIstoodapartmybacktothewallmyhatonthepavementbeforemetheviolinundermychin. Thefirstnotes音符Iplayed’wereloudandrawlikeadeclarationofprotestthentheysettleddownandbegantorunmoresmoothlyandtostaymoreorlessintune.TomysurpriseIwasneitherarrestednortoldtoshutup.Indeednobodytookanynoticeatall.Thenanoldmanwithoutstoppingsurreptitiously偷偷摸摸地tossedapennyintomyhatasthoughgettingridofsomeguiltyevidence. IworkedthestreetsofSouthamptonforseveraldaysgraduallyacquiringthetruthsofthetradebytrialanderror.Itwasnotagoodthingforinstancetoletthehatfillupwithmoney-thesightcoulddiscouragethepatron:norwasitwisetoemptyitcompletelywhichcouldalsoconfusehim;givinghimnohintastowheretodrophismoney.Placingacoupleofpenniesinthehattostartthethinggoingsoonbecamearegularritualmakingsurebetweentunestohidemostoftheearningsbutalwaysleavingtwopenniesbehind. Oldladiesweremostgenerousandsowerewomenwithchildrenshopgirlstypistsandbarmaids酒吧女招待.Asforthemen:heavydrinkerswerealwayswillinglistenersandsowerebigguyswithmuscles.Butneveramanwithagentleman’shatbriefcaseordog:’respectabletypeswerethemeanestofall.Exceptforretiredarmyofficerswhowouldyell"Whyaren’tyouworkingyoungman"andthentosssomemoneyintothehattohidetheirconfusion. Thefirstpersonwhogavehimmoney
HelenandMartin WithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch. OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother. Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings. Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved. 61.
TheStreetViolinist小提琴手Igotupanddressedstuckmyviolinundermyjacketandwentoutintothestreetstotrymyluck.IwanderedaboutforanhourlookingforalikelyspotfeelingasthoughIwereabouttocommitacrime.ThenIstoppedatlastunderabridgenearthestationanddecidedtohaveatry.Ifelttenseandnervous.Itwasthefirsttimeafterall.Idrewtheviolinfromundermycoatlikeagun.ItwashereinSouthamptonwithtrainsrattling咔嗒咔嗒地行驶overheadthatIwasabouttodeclaremyself.OnemomentIwaspartofthehurryingcrowdsthenextIstoodapartmybacktothewallmyhatonthepavementbeforemetheviolinundermychin.Thefirstnotes音符Iplayed’wereloudandrawlikeadeclarationofprotestthentheysettleddownandbegantorunmoresmoothlyandtostaymoreorlessintune.TomysurpriseIwasneitherarrestednortoldtoshutup.Indeednobodytookanynoticeatall.Thenanoldmanwithoutstoppingsurreptitiously偷偷摸摸地tossedapennyintomyhatasthoughgettingridofsomeguiltyevidence.IworkedthestreetsofSouthamptonforseveraldaysgraduallyacquiringthetruthsofthetradebytrialanderror.Itwasnotagoodthingforinstancetoletthehatfillupwithmoney-thesightcoulddiscouragethepatron:norwasitwisetoemptyitcompletelywhichcouldalsoconfusehim;givinghimnohintastowheretodrophismoney.Placingacoupleofpenniesinthehattostartthethinggoingsoonbecamearegularritualmakingsurebetweentunestohidemostoftheearningsbutalwaysleavingtwopenniesbehind.Oldladiesweremostgenerousandsowerewomenwithchildrenshopgirlstypistsandbarmaids酒吧女招待.Asforthemen:heavydrinkerswerealwayswillinglistenersandsowerebigguyswithmuscles.Butneveramanwithagentleman’shatbriefcaseordog:’respectabletypeswerethemeanestofall.ExceptforretiredarmyofficerswhowouldyellWhyaren’tyouworkingyoungmanandthentosssomemoneyintothehattohidetheirconfusion.Theretiredarmyofficersgavehimmoney
Television Television—thatmostpervasive普遍深入的andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologiesmarkedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoaneweraaneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatilitywhichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsortsmadepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies. Theword"television"derivedfromitsGreektele:distantandLatinvision:sightrootscanliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyputitworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronicstelevisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimagefocusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacameraintoelectronicimpulseswhichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulseswhenfedintoareceivertelevisionsetcanthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage. Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystemhowever.Itisameansofexpressionaswellasavehicleforcommunicationandassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings. Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.Firstthereisbroadcasttelevisionwhichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedair-wavestransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Secondthereisnon-broadcasttelevisionwhichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques. Traditionallytelevisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.DuringthoseyearsithasbeencontrolledforthemostpartbythebroadcastnetworksABCNBCandCBSwhohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnewsinformationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainmentplacingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer. Whatistheliteralmeaningofthewordtelevision
HelenandMartin WithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch. OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother. Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings. Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved. 59.
HelenandMartin WithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch. OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother. Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings. Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved. 63.
TheStreetViolinist小提琴手 Igotupanddressedstuckmyviolinundermyjacketandwentoutintothestreetstotrymyluck.IwanderedaboutforanhourlookingforalikelyspotfeelingasthoughIwereabouttocommitacrime.ThenIstoppedatlastunderabridgenearthestationanddecidedtohaveatry. Ifelttenseandnervous.Itwasthefirsttimeafterall.Idrewtheviolinfromundermycoatlikeagun.ItwashereinSouthamptonwithtrainsrattling咔嗒咔嗒地行驶overheadthatIwasabouttodeclaremyself.OnemomentIwaspartofthehurryingcrowdsthenextIstoodapartmybacktothewallmyhatonthepavementbeforemetheviolinundermychin. Thefirstnotes音符Iplayed’wereloudandrawlikeadeclarationofprotestthentheysettleddownandbegantorunmoresmoothlyandtostaymoreorlessintune.TomysurpriseIwasneitherarrestednortoldtoshutup.Indeednobodytookanynoticeatall.Thenanoldmanwithoutstoppingsurreptitiously偷偷摸摸地tossedapennyintomyhatasthoughgettingridofsomeguiltyevidence. IworkedthestreetsofSouthamptonforseveraldaysgraduallyacquiringthetruthsofthetradebytrialanderror.Itwasnotagoodthingforinstancetoletthehatfillupwithmoney-thesightcoulddiscouragethepatron:norwasitwisetoemptyitcompletelywhichcouldalsoconfusehim;givinghimnohintastowheretodrophismoney.Placingacoupleofpenniesinthehattostartthethinggoingsoonbecamearegularritualmakingsurebetweentunestohidemostoftheearningsbutalwaysleavingtwopenniesbehind. Oldladiesweremostgenerousandsowerewomenwithchildrenshopgirlstypistsandbarmaids酒吧女招待.Asforthemen:heavydrinkerswerealwayswillinglistenersandsowerebigguyswithmuscles.Butneveramanwithagentleman’shatbriefcaseordog:’respectabletypeswerethemeanestofall.Exceptforretiredarmyofficerswhowouldyell"Whyaren’tyouworkingyoungman"andthentosssomemoneyintothehattohidetheirconfusion. Howlongdidtheauthorwanderaboutinthestreetsbeforehestoppedunderabridge
Wealsowanttousethewatertoirrigatebarrendesertland.
{{*HTML*}}HappyBirthdaytoYou??ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmaincharacteristics:itwon’tstayAmerican.Nomatterwhatitiswhetheritisfilmsfoodandfashionmusiccasualsportsorslangit’ssoonathomeelsewhereintheworld.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthisappeal.??OnetheoryisthatithasbeenadvertisedandmarketedthroughAmericanfilmspopularmusicandmorerecentlytelevision.?1?.Theyareafterallincompetitionwiththoseproducedbyothercountries.??AnothertheoryprobablyamorecommononeisthatAmericanpopularcultureisinternationallyassociatedwithsomethingcalledthespiritofAmerica.?2?.??Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:Americanpopularcultureispopularbecausealotofpeopleintheworldlikeit.??RegardlessofwhyitspreadsAmericanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidlyadoptedandthenadaptedinmanyothercountries.?3?.HappyBirthdaytoYouforinstanceissuchaneverydaysongthatitssourceitsAmericancopyrightsotospeakisnotremembered.BlackleatherjacketswornbymanyheroesinAmericanmoviescouldbefoundagenerationlateronallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethismanly-looktheirown.??Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingandmusic.SomepeoplecanstillrememberatimewhenT-shirtsjoggingclothestennisshoesdenimjacketsandbluejeanswerenotcommondailyweareverywhere.OnlytwentyyearsagoitwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisorherclothes.Nolongerso:thosebrightcolorscheckeredjacketsandtrousershatsandsockswhichwereoncemadefunofincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.?4???ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginningwhenitwasstillclearlyAmericanitwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasoncethoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheirmoralsandwasactuallyoutlawedinseveralcountries.TodaywhilestillshowingitsratherAmericanrootsithasbecomesowellestablished.Rock’n’rollandallitsvariationscountry&westernmusicallhavemoreorlesssimilarhistories.TheywerefirstresistedofteninAmericanaswellasbeinglow-classandthenasadangertoournation’syouth.?5?.AndthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedanddevelopedandexportedbacktotheUS.??A.AsaresultitsAmericanoriginsandrootsareoftenquicklyforgotten.??B.ButthistheoryfailstoexplainwhyAmericanfilmsmusicandtelevisionprogramsaresopopularinthemselves.??C.Americaninorigininformalclothinghasbecometheworld’sfirsttrulyuniversalstyle.??D.TheBBCforexamplebannedrockandrolluntil1962.??E.Americanfoodhasbecomepopulararoundtheworldtoo.??F.Thisspiritisvariouslydescribedasbeingyoungandfreeoptimisticandconfidentinformalanddisrespectful.
{{*HTML*}}GlobalWarming??1?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse温室effect．Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.??2?ThiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUNSIntergovemmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions．Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2.C．Sothe0.6.Cofwarmingoverthepastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8.C.withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher--aerosolsmayhavereducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree—quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8.C.Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmerthanitisnow．Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5?thosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmospherewhileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesforestimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.{{*HTML*}}Paragraph5______.??A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols??D.TheScientistsAgreement??E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGases
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