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Motor cars were first made in England just before 1900. The parts for the bodies and engines were...
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高中英语《安徽省六安市舒城中学2016年高二英语暑假作业 第十八天 试卷 试题及答案解析word版》真题及答案
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ThelateststudybytheUniversityofFloridahasfoundthateatingfromsmallerlessbeautifulandevenpaperplateswillhelppreventovereating.Eatingwithaforkinsteadofaspooncanhelpyouloseweighttheresearcherssay.Muchtotheirsurprisetheyfindthatputtingmirrorsinthediningroomwillalsohelpreduceweight.Theresearchersasked185collegestudentstochooseachocolatecakeorafruitsaladandevaluatedthetastE.Thosewhoateinaroomwithamirrorscoredthetasteofjunkfoodmuchlowerthanthoseinaroomwithoutamirror.ButthetasteoffruitsaladremainedthesameinanycasE.LeadscientistDr.AtaJamisaysthataglanceinthemirrortellspeoplemorethanjustabouttheirphysicalappearancE.Itenablesthemtoviewthemselvesobjectively客观地andhelpsthemtojudgethemselvesandtheirbehaviorinthesamewaythattheyjudgeotherpeoplE.Themirrorswerefoundtopushpeopletocompareandmatchtheirownbehaviorwithacceptedsocialstandards.Theresearchersbelieveitprovesthatpeopledon’twanttolookinthemirrorwhentheyfeeltheyarefollowingthesocialstandards.WhentheylookinthemirrorwithmouthsfullofjunkfoodfeelingsofdiscomfortandfailurecanbeincreaseD.ThereforethepresenceofthemirrorlowersthetasteofunhealthyfooD.HoweverresearcherssaythisisonlythecaseifpeopleselectthefoodtheyareeatingbecausetheyareresponsibleforthatchoicE.Theresearcherssuggestthatmirrorsbeplacedindiningroomsandothereatingspacessothatpeoplewillstarteatingmorehealthily.32.Researchersareamazedtofindthat______.A.paperplatesmakefoodlooknicerB.peopleusingaforkwilleatmoreC.mirrorscanhelppeopleloseweightD.peoplewilleatmoreinfrontofamirror33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A.Someteenagersgotinvolvedinit.B.Peoplewererequiredtoeatwithaspoon.C.PeoplepreferredachocolatecaketoafruitsalaD.D.ThemirrormaynotaffectthetasteofhealthyfooD.34.AccordingtoDr.AtaJamithemirror______.A.makespeoplejudgeotherscorrectlyB.makespeoplewelljudgethemselvesC.isanecessarypartofpeople’sdailylifeD.canonlyshowtheappearanceofaperson35.Howdoesthemirroraffectthetasteofjunkfood?A.Bymakingpeoplehungry.B.Byshowingthesocialstandards.C.ByattractingpeopletohealthyfooD.D.Bycausingafeelingofdiscomfort.
Astudynowlendssupporttotheideathatmeal-timedistractions分散注意canmaskthecluesthatwereallyhaveeatenquiteenough.Moreoveritfindsthecaloricconsequenceofnotpayingattentiontowhatwe’reeatingdoesn’tnecessarilyendwhenamealisover.RoseCooperfromEnglandandhercolleaguesgathered22menandanequalnumberofwomenforanexperiment.Eachpersonatealonecontinuouslyreceivingninesmallsharesoffooditems.Theserangedfromcheesetwistsandpotatochipstocarrotscherrytomatoesandsandwichesorsausagerolls.Becausethegoalwastotestthepotentialimpactsofdistractiononfullnesstheresearchersrandomlyassignedhalfoftheparticipantstoeatinfrontofacomputer—andtogainasmanywinsaspossibleatthecardgamE.Everyoneelsewastoldtofocusonthesensoryqualitiesoftheirmeal.Accordingtotheirinstructionstheparticipantsateallofthefoodgiventothem.YetpeoplewhoplayedacomputergameduringlunchfoundtheirmeallessfillingthanthemindfuleatershaD.Gameplayersalsoswallowdowntwiceasmanycookiesalmostanhourlaterwhentheywereallowedallthedesserttheywantedinthenameofatastetest.TheBritishscientistspresenttheirfindingsintheFebruaryAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition.Therealquestioniswhydistractedeatingshouldimpactsnacking.Itappearsthescientistssaythatmemoryplayssometrickyroleinhowweregisterwhatweeatandthedegreetowhichitsatisfies.InterestinglyeightyearsagoBrittaBarkelingofHuddingeUniversityinStockholmandhercolleaguesreportedsomewhatrelatedfindings.Their18overweightsubjectshadnochoiceotherthantogetridofeverythingbutlunchononeday—becausetheywereblindfoldeD.Comparedtoadaywhentheycouldviewwhattheywerediningonthesepeopleconsumedonlythreequartersasmanycalories.Yetevenhoursafterwardtheyreportedbeingnolessfullthanonthedaytheyhadbeenabletoseetheirplates.Ofcoursedininginthedarkisn’tpractical.Andsometimeswhatweeatdoesn’treallyinviteourabsoluteattention.Butthereiscertainlyagrowingmountainofdataindicatingthatmindlesseatingisawasteofresourcesarisktoourwaistlines—andacostlythreattohealth.67.RoseCooperandhercolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto_______.A.showthatallthepeopleenjoysnacksB.provethatplayingcomputergamesisharmfulwhilediningC.findpossibleeffectsofdistractiononfullnessD.testtheimpactsofeatingsnacksondifferentpeople68.Whichisthemosteffectivewaytoconcentrateonyourfoodwhendining?A.ViewingyourfooD.B.Blindfoldingyoureyes.C.Playingcomputergames.D.Eatingbyoneself.69.Thereasonwhydistractedeatinginfluencessnackingmaybethat________.A.youeatlessinthatcaseB.youarecheatedbyyourmemoryC.youhaveconsumedmorecaloriesD.youdigestwhatyou’veeatenfaster70.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A.distractedeatingmaydamageyourhealthB.eatingsnackswillmakeyoufeelfullC.BrittabecamefamousbecauseoftheexperimentD.playingismoreimportantthanwhatweeat
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetoo.IntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.YoucantakestepstosavewaterinyourhomE.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.8.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.Usingriverwater.B.Pavingparkinglots.C.Throwingbatteriesaway.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.B.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.C.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizE.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.10.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathomeD.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus11.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupplyC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
PlanningfortheweatherNomatterwhattimeofyearyouvacationinSanDiegobesuretobringalightjacketorsweaterandbringshorts.Duringoursummermonthswehavewarmdaysbutcooleveningsespeciallyifyouareneartheocean.Thosecooleveningscanfeelcoldandfreshifyouarevisitingfromsomeplacethatistypicallyhotanddampallsummer.Andduringourwintermonthswecanhavedaysthatreach80degreesFahrenheit27degreesCelsius.InfactourwintermonthsarethesunniestmonthsoftheyearalongtheSanDiegocoast.HowtogetaroundSanDiegoDecidingwhetheryouneedtorentacarforyourvisittoSanDiego?IfyouareplanningtovisitattractionsinandarounddowntownSanDiegoincludingSeaWorldSanDiegoZooBalboaParkOldTownCoronadoandtheGaslampQuarteralloftheseattractionscanbereadilyaccessedbypublictransportationassumingthehotelorplaceyouarestayinginisclosetoabusortrolleystop.Tourguestscommentonhoweasyitistouseourtransportationsystemhowcleanitisandthelowcostforaone-dayormulti-daypassthatworksonbothbusesandtrolleys.HoweverifyouaregoingtovisitattractionsfurtherawayfromdowntownSanDiegosuchastheSafariParkorLegolandorifyouwanttovisitourlocalmountainsordesertwerecommendacarrental.HowtomaketimeforallthethingstodoOurfinaltipfornowistoplanaheaD.Unlikemostcitieswheretheremaybeafewconcentratedtouristareasandit’seasytofindthingsasyougoSanDiegooffershundredsofattractionsandgueststellustheyareoverwhelmedandcertainlydidn’tplanenoughtimeoncetheyfindhowmuchthereistodoinSanDiego.ManyguestsvisitSanDiegoaspartofanextendedtripthatincludesSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.TheyoftenplanfewerdaysinSanDiegobecausetheyassumeitisthesmallestcitywiththeleasttoofferonlytosaytheywishedtheyhadplannedmoredaysinSanDiegobecauseitoffersmorethingstodoinamuchmorerelaxingenvironment.Byplanningaheadyoucanalsogetdiscountsforvariousattractions.ForexampleyoucansavealotofmoneyatSeaWorldifyoubuyyourticketsinadvanceonlineatavisitorcenterorthroughyourhotel.AnotherreasontoplanaheadisthatsomeattractionscloseearlyorgetsoldoutsinceSanDiegoisabigdestinationformajorconventionsandbigcompaniesbringinginemployeesfromaroundtheworldforspecialeventsinbeautifulsunnySanDiego.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BriefIntroductiontoSanDiegoB.TipsforVisitingSanDiegoC.AttractionsinandaroundSanDiegoD.ReasonsforVisitingSanDiego47.WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatinSanDiego.A.thesummermonthsarethesunniestoftheyearB.theweatherissuitableforatourallyearroundC.theweatheralongthecoastismostpleasantD.thewintermonthsaretypicallyverycold48.You’dbetterrentacarifyouaretovisit.A.theGaslampQuarterB.SanDiegoZooC.theSafariParkD.BalboaPark49.WhymaysomeguestsfeelregretfulwhentheyarriveinSanDiego?A.Becausetheycan’tfindcheapandfinehotelstostayin.B.BecausetherearefewertouristattractionsthanexpecteD.C.Becausethetransportationsystemthereisunsatisfactory.D.Becausetheyhaven’tplannedenoughtimetovisitthecity.
SomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicinessayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobrominefoundincocoawasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeinewhichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful有害的itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeandthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblemsaidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteers志愿者weregiventheobrominecodeineorplaceboapillthatcontainsnomedicineduringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicinwhichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthatwhenthevolunteersweregiventheobrominethecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity神经活动whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatmentstheobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.48.AccordingtoProfessorBarnestheobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB.canbeharmfultopeople’shealthC.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolateD.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs49.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?A.TheobrominE.B.CodeinE.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.50.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Codeine:A.NewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughsC.CoughTreatment:A.HardCaseD.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs
DietCokedietPepsidietpillsno-fatdietvegetabledietWearesurroundedbytheworddieteverywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologically心理andphysically.Dietproductsgreatlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevelwearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweightbutincontrollingtheamountoffattyhigh-calorieunhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale秤insteaD.Allwehavetodoistorecognizetheworddietinfoodlabels.Onanotherleveldietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrinkwearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.DietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpainandthatlifecanbewithoutstrugglE.ThedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonusbutalsointhephysicalharmthattheycausE.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseeatingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.DietproductsmaynotbenutritionalandthechemicalsthatgointodietproductsarepossiblydangerousinthefuturE.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonusitistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofmindsnotinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethiswewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproductsandthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.65.FromParagraph1welearnthat__________.A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople’spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearetiredofdietproducts66.Onepsychologicaleffectofdietproductsisthatpeopletendto_________.A.tryoutavarietyofdietfoodsB.thinktwicebeforetheyenjoydietfoodsC.payattentiontotheirowneatinghabitsD.watchtheirweightratherthantheirdiet67.Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts______.A.areover-takenB.areshortofbasicnutrientsC.havenochemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy68.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion结论
ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatcitieswithsomekindoffunctioningecosystemsmakeforbetterplacesforhumanstolivE.MoreplantsandanimalsincitiesmakeforhappierhealthierpeoplE.AstudyconductedongreenspacesinSheffieldEnglandforinstancerevealedthatthegreaterthebiodiversity生物多样性thegreaterthepsychologicalwell-being健康ofthecity’scitizens.InParisresearchersfoundthatgettingcitizenstotakepartinday-longactivitiesinvolvingurbanwildlifeopenedtheireyestothenaturalworldforatimeatleast.FewcitieshavebeenassociatedwithurbanecologyforaslongasBerlin.SloweconomicrecoveryaftertheSecondWorldWarmeantthatreconstructionwouldtakealongtimE.Thisprovidedlocalecologistswiththeidealconditionstodevelopanambitiousecologicalresearchprograminthebombed-outwastelandsofWestBerlinsaidJensLachmundasociologistattheUniversityofMaastrichtintheNetherlands.ThepioneeringworkinBerlinhadseveralconsequencesespeciallytheformationofsignificantnaturalspaceswithinthecitysuchastheS.üdgel?ndeNaturePark.BerlinhasindeedbenefittedalotfrombeingacasestudyinurbanecologysaidLachmunD.TherecentresearchconductedbyMarkGoddardabiologistattheUniversityofLeedsandhiscolleaguesconfirmedtheimportanceofnaturalspaceswithinanurbansetting.GoddardandhisteamconductedastrikingglobalanalysisofbirdandplantdiversityquantifyingtheinfluenceofurbanizationonlevelsofbiodiversityaroundtheworlD.Functioningurbanecosystemswillbeextremelyimportanttohumanhealthandwell-beingsaidGoddarD.Citiestakeupjust3%ofthelandsurfaceareayetaccordingtothemostrecentfigurefromtheUnitedNationssome3.6billionpeoplejustover50%oftheglobalpopulationnowliveinurbanareas.By2050thisfigureisexpectedtoriseto6.3billion.WithoutanimalsandplantstokeepuscompanyitisadarkfuturE.28.ThefindingsinParagraph2arementionedtoexplainthelinkbetween________.A.citizensandtheirwell-beingB.greenspacesandurbanwildlifeC.urbanecologyandcitizens’well-beingD.functioningecosystemsandthenaturalworld29.WhatwouldbeGoddard’sattitudetowardsBerlin’swork?A.Cautious.B.NegativE.C.Uncaring.D.Admiring.30.Theauthorusesfiguresinthelastparagraphtoshow________.A.thenegativeeffectofoverpopulationB.theimportanceofurbanecosystemsC.theseriousproblemsofcitylifeD.therapidgrowthofurbanareas31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Shouldmorepeopleliveinurbanareas?B.ShouldBerlinhavemorenaturalspaces?C.Shouldcitiesbeforanimalsandplantstoo?D.Shouldtheglobalpopulationbecontrollednow?
Whydowelikedrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles塑料瓶?Somepeoplethinkitishealthyandclean.Othersdrinkbottledwaterbecauseit’seasy—youcancarryitaroundwithyou.InhotcountrieslikeGreeceweoftenbuybottlesofcoldwaterinthesummer.Howevermakinglotsofplasticisnotagoodideaformanyreasons.Firstofallweneedalotofoilforplasticproducts.Weusuallyuseoilasasourceofenergy.Ifwereducedthenumberofbottleswemadewewouldn’tneedsomuchoil.Plasticbottlesalsopollutetheenvironment.Ifwereusedallourplasticbottleswewouldn’tneedsomuchspaceforrubbishdumps.ButinGreecewedon’treusemuchoftheplasticweusE.In2006Greeksreusedonlyabout10%ofplasticwastE.Therestbecamerubbishonlandandinriversandseas.Sonexttimeyouwanttothrowawayaplasticbottleinthelitterbinstopandthink.Ifyoureuseityouwouldhelptheenvironment.Butwhatcanyoudowhenthereisn’tabinnearyou?Welltherearelotsofusefulwaysthatyoucanuseyourbottlesagain.Forexampleanemptybottlemakesagreatpiggybankforyourpocketmoneyandifyoucutabottleinhalfyouwillhaveaplantpot.Gogreen!YoucanmakeadifferencE.28.Whatisnotmentionedaboutbottledwaterinthispassage?A.It’shealthy.B.It’sclean.C.It’seasy.D.It’sexpensivE.29.Plasticproductsaremadefrom.A.energyB.oilC.rubbishD.plants30.Whichisthebestwaytodealwithusedplasticbottles?A.Toreusethem.B.Tomakeapiggybank.C.Tomakeaplantpot.D.Todropthemintotheriver.31.Theunderlinedpartinthispassagetellsus.A.Tomakeadifferentlifeyou’dbettergooutsidE.B.Tolookdifferentyou’dbetterweargreenclothes.C.Toprotecttheenvironmentyoucandosomething.D.Togogreenyoushoulduseplasticproducts.
WhatwillpoweryourhouseinthefutureNuclearwindorsolarpowerAccordingtoscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMITintheUSitmightbeleaves—butartificial人造的ones.Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoenergy.Itisknownasphotosynthesis光合作用.Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisseeminglysimpleprocess.TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecialsiliconchipwithcatalysts催化剂.Similartonaturalleavesitcansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenwhenputintoabucketofwater.ThehydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuelcellwhichusesthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricitylocatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehousE.Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercardscientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobeaninexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnologysaidNoceraataconferenceoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.TheartificialleafisnotanewideA.Thefirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensiveandunstableforpracticalusE.ThenewleafbycontrastismadeofcheapmaterialseasytouseandhighlystablE.InlaboratorystudiesNocerashowedthatanartificialleafprototype原型couldoperatecontinuouslyforatleast45hourswithoutadropinactivity.ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera'srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerfulnewandinexpensivecatalysts.Thesecatalystsmaketheenergytransformationinsidetheleafmoreefficientwithwaterandsunlight.Rightnowthenewleafisabout10timesmoreefficientatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananaturalonE.Besidesthedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailablethatisitdoesn'tneedpurewater.Thisisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon'thaveaccesstopurewater.WiththegoaltomakeeachhomeitsownpowerstationandgiveenergytothepoorscientistsbelievethatthenewtechnologycouldbewidelyusedindevelopingcountriesespeciallyinIndiaandruralChinA.13.Whichofthefollowingorderscorrectlyshowshowtheartificialleafisusedtoproduceelectricity?a.artificialleavessplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenb.thehydrogenandoxygengasesarestoredinafuelcellc.theartificialleavesareputinwaterd.thefuelcelluseshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricityA.cbadB.cabdC.bcadD.cadb14.ThepurposeofthescientistsatMITindevelopingthenewartificialleafisto________.A.buildupmorepowerstationsintheworldB.offerpeopleindevelopingcountriesaccesstopurewaterC.providecheaperenergyfordevelopingcountriesD.gainadeeperunderstandingofthephotosynthesisprocess15.Themainideaofthispassageis________.A.anintroductiontothehistoryofartificialleavesB.aninventioncopyingphotosynthesisC.givingenergytothepoorD.amixtureofwaterpowerandsolarenergy
AsanexperiencedphotojournalistinNashvilleTennesseeIwashiredbyUSATodaynewspapertophotographaspinalbifida脊柱畸形correctivesurgicalprocedurE.Itwastobeperformedonatwenty-oneweekoldfetus胎儿inuterus子宫atVanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter.Atthattimein1999twenty-oneweeksinuteruswastheearliestthatthesurgicalteamwouldconsiderforsurgery.Theworstpossibleoutcomewouldbethatthesurgerywouldcauseprematuredeliveryandnochildbornearlierthantwenty-threeweekshadsurviveD.Thetensioncouldbefeltintheoperatingroomasthesurgerybegan.A.typicalC-sectioncutwasmadetoaccesstheuteruswhichwasthenliftedoutandlaidatthejunctionofthemother’sthighs大腿.Theentireprocedurewouldtakeplacewithintheuterusandnopartofthechildwastobreachthesurgicalopening.Duringtheprocedurethepositionofthefetuswasadjustedbygentlymovingtheoutsideoftheuterus.Theentiresurgicalprocedureonthechildwascompletedinonehourandthirteenminutes.WhenitwasoverthesurgicalteambreathedasighofreliefasdidI.AsadoctoraskedmewhatspeedoffilmIwasusingoutofthecornerofmyeyeIsawtheuterusshakebutnoone’shandswerenearit.Itwasshakingfromwithin.Suddenlyanentirearmthrustoutoftheopeningthenpulledbackuntiljustalittlehandwasshowing.Thedoctorreachedoverandliftedthehandwhichreactedandsqueezedthedoctor’sfinger.Asiftestingforstrengththedoctorshookthetinyfist.Samuelheldfirm.Itookthepicture!Wow!IthappenedsofastthatthenursestandingnexttomeaskedWhathappened?ThechildreachedoutIsaiD.Oh.TheydothatallthetimesherespondeD.ThesurgicalopeningtotheuteruswasclosedandtheuteruswasthenputbackintothemotherandtheC-sectionopeningwascloseD.ItwastendaysbeforeIknewifthepicturewaseveninfocus对焦.Toensurenodigitalmanipulation篡改ofimagesbeforetheyseethemUSATodayrequiresthatfilmbesubmittedunprocesseD.WhenthephotoeditorfinallyphonedmehesaidIt’sthemostincrediblepictureI’veeverseen.24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.A.it’saverycommonsurgerynowadays.B.therewaslittleriskintheoperation.C.thewriterwasreallyaterrificphotographer.D.thebaby’slittlehandreactedthedoctor’sfinger.25.In1999peoplebelievedthatitwas________.A.possibleforafetus21weeksborntosurviveB.likelyforafetusborn21weekstobecomeabnormalC.righttimeforafetusborn21weekstoreceiveanoperationD.riskyforafetus21weeksinuterustoreceiveanoperation26.Fromthesecondparagraphwecanseethatthesurgerywas________.A.challengingbutsuccessfulB.demandingandunsuccessfulC.simpleandshortD.long-lastinganddifficult27.TheunderlinedItinparagraph3refersto________.A.theuterusB.thearmofthefetusC.thepictureD.theheadofthefetus
SurvivingHurricaneSandy飓风桑迪NatalieDoan14hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockawayNewYork.LivingjustafewblocksfromthebeachNataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhousE.It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecialshesays.OnOctober292012thatoceanturnedfierce狂暴的.ThatnightHurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoastandRockawaywashitespeciallyharD.FortunatelyNatalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgecloseD.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextdaytheyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundherpeopleweresufferingespeciallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarily临时attendaschoolinBrooklyn.InthefollowingfewdaysthemenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNataliE.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.NeighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuilD.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstomeNataliesays.butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrickwholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.WithindaysPatrick’scollectionwasreplaceD.Inthecomingmonthsherwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopherwhoreceivedanewbasketball;CharliewhogotanewkeyboarD.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastAprilshewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChangE.Todaythescars创痕ofdestructionarestillseeninRockawaybuthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclearandmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockawayNataliedeclares声明宣布.MyneighborhoodwillbebackevenstrongerthanbeforE.28.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricaneshefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering29.Accordingtoparagraph4whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople30.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform31.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.A.friendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWesthomeisbestD.Technologyispower
SincethestartofthedeadlyAIDSepidemicinthe1980sscientistshavebeenworkingtowardsacurE.NowtheymaybeclosetofindingonE.Researchershavedevelopedamethodtocuttheviral病毒DNAfromaperson’sinfectedcells.ItiscalledCRISPR/Cas9anditmeansthepersoncouldbevirus-freE.DNAisasubstancethatcarriesgeneticinformationinthecellsofanimalsandplants.Thisgene-editingtookplaceinascientificlabbuthasnotbeentestedonhumansyet.It’sabigstepsaidKamelKhaliliPh.D.HeisleadresearcherandchairattheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniA.Heandhisteammadethediscovery.ButmoretestshavetobedonetoknowifitwillbeacureforthemillionsofpatientsinfectedwiththeHIVviruswhichcausesAIDS.AntiretroviraldrugshavebeendoingagoodjobofkeepingtheAIDSvirusfromreproducing.SuchagoodjobthatlevelsofHIVarejustaboutundetectableininfectedpeoplewhotakethemedicinE.Butevenwiththedrugsthevirusstaysinthebody’sT-cellswhichareT-lymphocytes.AIDSdamagestheimmunesystemhurtingthebody’sabilitytofightoffdiseasE.SothedrugsarekindofaBand-AidsolutionKhaliliexplaineD.Theykeepthevirusfromgrowing.Buttheydonotremovethememoryofthevirusfromthecells.AndthemomentantiretroviraldrugsarestoppedtheHIVcomesbacktolifeandbeginsmakingmoreHIVwhichistheAIDSvirus.KhaliliandhisteamofscientistsappeartohavefoundawaytocutthisviralDNAfrominfectedpeople’scells.IntheirlabtheytookcellsfrompeopleinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.Theyremovedthepartofthecellthatwasholdingthevirus.Hesaidtheyhadinsomecasesnear90percentofthevirusreplication复制orproductiondroppedinthepatientsamplesaftertreatmentinthelaboratory.Khaliliandhisteamhavenotactuallycuredanypatientsyet.Howeverhebelievesthisgene-editingtechnologycouldpossiblycureAIDS.RemovaloftheviruscanleadtothecurE.Hesaidit’sanexcitingtimeandthereasonisthetechnologiesareavailableandthemethodsareinplaceandourknowledgehasincreaseD.AndhopefullytherewillbefundingtotakeustowardthisexcitingmomentfordevelopingthecurestrategybygettingridofviralDNAusingeditingtechniques.62.ThenewlyfoundwayisintendedtocureAIDSby_______.A.doingdamagetotheimmunesystemB.removingviralDNAfrominfectedcellsC.doingresearchintoantiretroviraldrugsD.takingcellsfromthoseinfectedwiththeHIVvirus63.Whatcanweknowaboutantiretroviraldrugsfromthepassage?A.TheyarelikelytomakemoreAIDSvirus.B.TheycanhelpbodytofightagainstdiseasE.C.TheyareunabletocurepeopleoftheirHIVvirus.D.ViruswilldisappearfromT-cellsbecauseofthem.64.KamelKhalili’swordsinthelasttwoparagraphsindicatethat_______.A.hisnewmethodisboundtobeaperfectcureforAIDSB.antiretroviraldrugswillbedroppedinthenearfutureC.theirdiscoveryhasmadegreatcontributionstohumanbeingsD.theywillsucceedcuringAIDSiftheyaren’tlackinginmoney
ThevalleyknownasSleepyHollowhidesfromtheworldinthehighhillsofNewYorkstatE.Therearemanystoriestoldaboutthequietvalley.Butthestorythatpeoplebelievemostisaboutamanwhoridesahorseatnight.ThestorysaysthemandiedmanyyearsagoduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.Hisheadwasshotoff.EverynightherisesfromhisburialplacejumpsonhishorseandridesthroughthevalleylookingforhislostheaD.NearSleepyHollowisavillagecalledTarryTown.ItwassettledmanyyearsagobypeoplefromHollanD.Thevillagehadasmallschool.AndoneteachernamedIchabodCranE.IchabodCranewasagoodnameforhimbecausehelookedlikeatallbirdacranE.HewastallandthinlikeacranE.Hisshouldersweresmalljoinedtwolongarms.Hisheadwassmalltooandflatontop.HehadbigearslargeglassygreeneyesandalongnosE.Ichaboddidnotmakemuchmoneyasateacher.Andalthoughhewastallandthinheatelikeafatman.Tohelphimpayforhisfoodheearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.EverySundayafterchurchIchabodtaughtsinging.AmongtheladiesIchabodtaughtwasoneKatrinaVanTassel.ShewastheonlydaughterofarichDutchfarmer.ShewasagirlinbloommuchlikearoundredrosyapplE.IchabodhadasoftandfoolishheartfortheladiesandsoonfoundhimselfinterestedinMissVanTassel.Ichabod'seyesopenedwidewhenhesawtherichesofKatrina'sfarm:themilesofappletreesandwheatfieldsandhundredsoffatfarmanimals.HesawhimselfasmasteroftheVanTasselfarmwithKatrinaashiswifE.ButthereweremanyproblemsblockingtheroadtoKatrina'sheart.OnewasastrongyoungmannamedBromVanBrunt.Bromwasaherotoalltheyoungladies.Hisshoulderswerebig.HisbackwaswidE.Andhishairwasshortandcurly.HealwayswonthehorseracesinTarryTownandearnedmanyprizes.BromwasneverseenwithoutahorsE.SuchwastheenemyIchabodhadtodefeatforKatrina'sheart.59.Thefirstparagraphservesas_______.A.exampleB.explanationC.introductionD.comment60.HowcouldIchahodaffordhisfood?A.HehadahighsalaryB.HisparentsandfriendshelpedhimC.HesavedalotD.Heearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.61.Accordingtothestorywhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.IchahodwasthemasteroftheVanTasselfarm.B.IchahodwasKatrina’shusbanD.C.IchahodtriedtowinKatrina’sheart.D.BromVanBrunttreatedIchahodashisenemy.62.Whatwillprobablyhappennextaccordingtothestory?A.Ichahodlostheartandwasreducedtoadrunkard酒鬼.B.IchahodtriedeverymeansandfinallywonKatrina’sheart.C.Ichahodfinallywonalotofwomen’sloveandgaveupKatrinA.D.BromVanBruntwonKatrina’sheartandhereaftermarriedKatrinA.
VitaminE.canbefoundnaturallyindifferentfoodsincludingmilkeggsgreenleafyvegetablesnutsseedsandwhole-grainfoods.Thebody’sdailyrequirementofvitaminE.canalsobemetbyvitaminE.pills.ThereareseveralhealthbenefitsofvitaminE.forourbody.VitaminE.isimportantinprotectingthecellsoftheskinfromstrongsunlightpollutiondrugsandsoon.VitaminE.behaveslikearegulator调节器.IthastheabilitytoregulatevitaminA.inthebodywhichisanimportantvitaminforhealthyskin.VitaminE.oilforskinisgoodformakingskinrecoverfromvariousdamagescausedtotheskinbecauseofburnetC.What’smoreregularuseofvitaminE.oilhelpsinthepreventionofskincancer.HowdoesvitaminE.benefittheheart?A.largenumberofstudieshaveprovedthatvitaminE.reducestheriskofheartdiseases.AnotherhasalsoshownthatregularintakeofvitaminE.lowerstherateofdeathbecauseofheartdiseases.InadditionithasbeenprovedthatvitaminE.oilbenefitshair.It’ssuggestedthatyoumassage按摩yourskinontheheadregularlywithvitaminE.oilforhair.VitaminE.alsohelpspreventsignsofbecomingoldsuchasgrayingofhairandhairloss.NowyoumaywanttostarttakingvitaminE.Howeverit’sadvisedtoconsultyourhealthcaredoctorabouttheamountthatyoutakeatonetimesothatyoucangainenoughbenefitsfromvitaminE.33.AccordingtothesecondparagraphvitaminE_______.A.preventspeoplefrombecomingolderB.increasestheamountofvitaminA.inthebodyC.makespeopleneversufferfromskincancerD.helpstotreatdifferentdamagescausedtotheskin34.WhatcanweknowaboutvitaminE?A.Itcanonlybegotfrompills.B.Itcanhelpcureskincancer.C.ItcanreducethedeathrateofpatientswithheartdiseasE.D.Itcanpreventaperson’shairfromgrayingandkeepitblackforever.35.WhatadviceshouldwefollowwhentakingvitaminE?A.PeopleshouldtaketherightamountofvitaminE.regularly.B.Ifyoudon’tconsultthedoctorwhentakingvitaminEyouaresuretobecomeill.C.PeopleshouldtakeasmuchasvitaminE.tokeephealthy.D.A.personmusttakevitaminE.pillsifhewantstobehealthy.
TheiPhonetheiPadandtheiPoD.EachofApple'sproductssoundscoolandhasbecomeafashion.Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletteriandmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC'siPlayerwhichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternetadoptedthetitlein2008.A.lovelybearpopularintheUSandUKthatplaysmusicandvideoiscallediTeddy.A.slimmed-downversionofLondon'sIndependentnewspapercameoutlastweekunderthenamei.Ingeneralsingle-letterprefixeshavebeenpopularsincethe1990swhentermssuchase-mailande-commercefirstcameintousE.MostiproductsareaimedatyoungpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent’siitisnosurprisethatthey'vechosenthisfashionablenamE.Butit'shardtoseewhat'ssospecialabouttheletteri.Whynotuseaborcinstead?AccordingtoTonyThorneheadoftheLanguageCenteratKing'sCollegeLondoniworksbecauseitsmeaninghasbecomeambiguous.WhenAppleusesinooneknowswhetheritmeansInternetinformationindividualorinteractiveMr.ThornetoldBBCMagazinesEvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPaditseemsitdidn'thaveonecleardefinition.HoweverthankstoApplethetermisnowassociatedwithportability轻便addsThornE.ClearlytheletterialsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneedsandtheylovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.AlongwithGoogleandTwitterreadersofBBCMagazinesvotediasoneofthetop20wordsthathavecometodefinethelastdecadE.Butashistoryshowsfashionscomeandgo.Fromthe1900sto1990sproductswith2000intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasassociatedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.HoweverasweenteredthenewcenturythetrendinevitablydisappeareD.12.PeopleusetheiPlayerto_________.A.listentomusicB.makeacallC.readnewspapersD.watchTVprogramsonline13.FromthepassageweknowthattheIndependent’siisaimedat_________.A.oldreadersB.youngreadersC.fashionablewomenD.engineers14.Nowadaystheitermoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichare_________.A.portableB.advancedC.recyclableD.environmentallyfriendly15.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethat__________.A.iproductsareoftenofhighqualityB.alliproductshavesomethingtodowithInternetC.thepopularityofiproductsmaynotlastlongD.theiTeddyisalivebear
HowtheWorldWideWebStartedTimBerners-Leeisthemanwhowrotethesoftware软件programmethatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeB.Britainplayedanimportantpartindevelopingthefirstgenerationofcomputers.TheparentsofTimBerners-Leebothworkedononeoftheearliestcommercial商业的computersandtalkedabouttheirworkathomE.Asachildhewouldbuildmodelsofcomputersfrompackingmaterial.AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversityhewentontotherealthing.Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversion版本ofe-mail.WhileworkingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland.TimBerners-Leewroteaprogrammewhichlethimstorethesemessages.Thisgavehimanotheridea:writeaprogrammethatwillletacademics学术界人士fromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacE.In1990hewrotetheHTTP服务程序所用的协议andHTML超文本链接标示语言programmeswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb.ThenextyearhisprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternet.Everyonewaswelcometousethemandimprovethemiftheycould.Programmersusedthiscodes密码toworkwithdifferentoperatingsystems.Newthingslikewebbrowsers浏览器andsearchenginesweredevelopeD.Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100000.In1994TimBerners-LeeformedthenewlyformedWorldWideWebconsortium协会orW3C.Morethan200leadingcompaniesandlaboratoriesarerepresented代表byW3C.TogethertheymakesurethateveryonecanshareequallyontheweB.‘TheWebcanhelppeopletounderstandthewaythatothersliveandloveandarehuman.IthelpsusunderstandthehumanityofpeoplE.Hesays.33.Scientistsbegantocommunicateusinge-mail_____.A.in1980B.afterthe1980sC.before1990D.inthe1960s34.Hemadeuphismindtowriteaprogrammethatwouldletpeoplefromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacewhen______.A.hewasachildB.hestudiedinOxfordUniversityC.heformedW3CD.heworkedatalabinSwitzerland35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thenumberofwebpagesroseveryrapidlyinthe1990s.B.Tim’sprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternetin1990.C.TheWorldWideWebwillhaveaneffectonthesocialdevelopment.D.TimBerners-LeemadeagreatcontributiontothecomputersciencE.
InNewYorkstudentsat18schoolsparticipateinaprogramcalledWeFutureCyclE.StartedbyAnnaGiordanoin2014itteacheskidstorecyclecompost制成堆肥andreducefoodwastE.Lunchareasattheparticipatingschoolsareequippedwiththreeclearlymarkedbins-compostrecycleandsharE.Whilethefirsttwoarecommoninschoolsthethirdisrarewherekidscanputtheirunwanteddrinksfruitsandevenuntouchedsandwiches.Itemsinthecontainerareavailableforanystudentthatwantsthem.Whateverremainsattheendofthedayisdonatedtothefoodbank.Giordanosaysthethreebinshavehelpedreducethenunoftrashbagsfromanaverageof22tojust2!Toensurekidsadoptsimilarhabitsathomethenon-profithascreatedextensivecurriculumtoeducatefamiliesabouttheimportanceofsortingwasteintotheproperstreamsofrecyclingcompostingtrashandfoodt0donate-Theyalsourgeparentshaveconvcrsationswiththeirkidsaboutfoodchoices.Butaswe'reallawarekidsaren'tonlyonesthatWastefood-adultsareepuallybadifnotworse!TopreventthatJoshTreuhaftfoundedSalvageSupperclubin2014.Theoccasionallyorganizeddinnerspromisepeopleatastymulti-courscmealforamere550USDperperson.Itisalsoaplantosavewastebecausethedeliciousfoodismadefromvegetablesthatarepasttheirprimeandthereforeheadedforthetrashbin.Theothercatch?Customershavetoeattheirmealsinsideadumpster大型垃圾装卸车!Theplaceofcourseistotallyclean.ItisiustasymbolicgesturE.InadditiontohelpingpeoplerethinktheiractionsTreuhaftalsohelpsthemtodogoodbydonatingpartoftheprofitstonon-profitsdevotedtofightingagainstfoodwastE.32.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.TheimportanceofsavingfooD.B.WaystoformthehabitofsavingfooD.C.PositivemovestoreducefoodwastE.D.ThereasonsforcallingonpeopletosharefooD.33.FromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthatA.studentsaremoregenerousB.theprogramenjoysasuccessinschoolsC.foodiswastedseriouslyinallschoolsD.studentsshownointerestintheprogram34.WhatdoweknowaboutWeFutureCycle?A.Ithasaverylonghistory.B.Itdonatesitsprofitstoschools.C.Iteducatesparentsaswellaschildren.D.Itoccasionallyprovidespeoplewithfreedinner.35.WhatisthesignificanceofeatinginadumpsteraccordingtoTreuhaft?A.Itisnicerandcleaner.B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itcansavemuchmoneyandenergy.D.Itcanhelppeoplethinkaboutthefoodwasteproblem.
WarmweatherbroughtbyElNiñohashadmixedeffectsonanimalsinusuallysnowyplacesinNorthAmericaincludingNewEnglandaccordingtoanAssociatedPressarticlE.SomeanimalsseemtobenefitfromhavingachancetogathermorefoodbeforewinterandfromexpendinglessenergyindailysurvivalmodE.Otherslikesnowshoeharesareputatcenterstageinpredators’捕食者viewwhentheylacksnowfordisguisingtheirwhitefur—notagoodthingforthemofcoursE.Blackbearsontheotherhandhavebeenkeepingbusygatheringnutsandappleswhentheywouldnormallyhavesettledintotheirwinterhomesbynow.VermontandMassachusettsofficialshaveaskedresidentstowaittillsnowfallstotakeouttheirbirdfeedersforthesakeofsafetythearticlesaiD.Wesuggestwaitingfor6ormoreinchesofsnowthatlastsbeforetakingoutyourbirdfeedersespeciallyifyouhavebeenvisitedinthepastbybearsoriftherearesightingsofbearsinyourneighborhoodForrestHammondVermontFishandWildlife’sbearbiologistsaidinthearticlE.Duetolackofsnowandfrozengroundbirdsareabletoseekfoodinfieldsandforestsfortheirnaturalfoods.Snowamountscanalsodeterminehowcomfortablebearsareandhowquicklytheyconsumetheiraccumulatedfatduringhibernation冬眠notedHammondinthearticlE.Thisisbecausesnowcoversandtrapsthemintheirwinterhomesandalsohidesthemfrompredators.28.WhatmayupsetsnowshoeharesbecauseofElNiño?A.Theirbeingcaughtmoreeasily.B.TheirfailingtogathermorefooD.C.Theirconsumingmoreenergy.D.Theirlosingsightoftheirenemies.29.Whydidtheofficialsaskpeopletokeepbirdfeedersuntilsnowfalls?A.Theymaydisturbbears.B.There’snoneedtodoso.C.Toavoidattractingbears.D.Forthesafetyofbears.30.Whatdothebearbiologist’swordsimply?A.Aheavysnowisontheway.B.Bearsarecommonnowadays.C.Bearslivemainlyonbirdsinwinter.D.Warmweatherbenefitsbirdsinwinter.31.Whichofthefollowingisthepropertitleforthepassage?A.WarmWeatherHelpsAnimalsSurviveB.SnowAmountsDetermineAnimals’WinterLifeC.MeasuresShouldBeTakentoProtectWildlifeD.LackofSnowAffectsNorthAmericanAnimals
Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.ThemakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinkedlikemedicalpracticeitselfwiththebeliefinmagiC.OnlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstoodsothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossiblE.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosis诊断ofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnessesofwhichthecausesremainunknownitisstilllimitedliketheunqualifiedprescriber出具处方者tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicineincludingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy治疗法.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendshavetwoharmfuleffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceutical制药industrywhichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentary需要久坐的societywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexerciseover-eatingunsuitableeatingnotenoughsleeptoomuchsmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchastheseaswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationshipsoftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.Cleveradvertisingaimedatchronic慢性的suffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethemcaninducesuchfaithinapreparationparticularlyifsteeplypricedthatitwillproduce—bysuggestion—averyrealeffectinsomepeoplE.AdvertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughswhichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttimE.Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxativesindigestionremediespainkillerstonicsvitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworsE.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoningandworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.24.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistoryB.definewhatdiagnosismeansexactlyC.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertiseD.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses25.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause________.A.theyoftenwatchadsonTVB.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertisedC.theygenerallyleadasedentarylifeD.theydon'ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds26.Paragraphs2and3explain________.A.thosegoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffectsB.whycleveradvertisingissopowerfulC.whyinmoderntimesself-medicationisstillpractisedD.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife27.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A.MedicalPracticeB.CleverAdvertisinC.Self-MedicationD.Self-Treatment
Thewisdomteeth智齿areusuallythelastteethtoappearoftenwhenpeopleareintheirlateteensorearlytwenties.Wisdomteetharegrowingatthebackofthemouthandcangrowintoplacenormallyandnevercauseaproblem.Butoftenthereisnotenoughroomfortheminthemouth.Theymightcrowdtheotherteethandsometimesevenpushthroughthegums牙龈.Animpactedwisdomtooth阻生智齿isonethatfailstocompletelyrisethroughthegums.Wisdomteeththatonlypartlybreakthroughcanleavespaceforbacteria细菌toenteraroundthetooth.Expertssaypeopleshouldhavetheirmouthsexaminedbetweentheagesof16and20fortheplacementoftheirwisdomteeth.WisdomteethshowupclearlyonX-raysandexpertssaythatremovalisgenerallyadvisedwhentheyonlypartlybreakthroughthegumsorifthereisachancethatpoorplacementwilldamageotherteeth.Removalisalsocalledforincaseswherefluid液体collectsaroundawisdomtooththatispartlyorfullybelowthegums.Ifremovalisadvisedthebesttimetodoitisbeforetheteethcauseanyproblemsorpain.Youngadulthoodisusuallythebesttimeforwisdomteethremovalsinceolderpatientsmoreeasilygotinfectedbeforetheoperation.Duringtheoperationpatientsareusuallyundergeneralanesthesia麻醉sothattheywon’tfeelanypain.Theycanalsochoosetojusttakeapainkillerandremainawake;thischoicewilldependontheconditionofthewisdomteethandthenumbertoberemoveD.Aftertheoperationtherecanbeswelling肿胀ofthefaceandthegumsandthepatientscanfeelsomepain.Bothcanbetreatedwithcoldwrapsandmedicationgivenbythedoctors.46.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat__________.A.wisdomteethcaneasilycauseproblemsB.wisdomteetharethewisestteeththatwehaveC.wisdomteethalwaysgrowintoplacenormallyD.everyonehasimpactedteeth47.Whenisthebesttimetogetridofwisdomteeth?A.AftertheytotallybreakthroughthegumsB.BeforetheycauseanypainortroubleC.WhentheyhavefinishedgrowingD.Whentheyaretoopainfultobear48.Accordingtothetextwhatshouldapatientdoifhefeelspainaftertheoperation?A.WraphisfaceinacoldtowelandtakemedicationB.CleanhisteethtoavoidgettinginfectedC.GetgeneralanesthesiaD.Takesomepainkillers49.Accordingtothepassagewisdomteethshould___________.A.beprotectedwithdrugsB.becleanedeverydayC.beremovedatanappropriatetimeD.beremovedbythepatientsthemselves50.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ImpactedWisdomTeethB.ProtectingWisdomTeethC.TheBadEffectsofWisdomTeethD.LearningSomethingaboutWisdomTeeth
Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosbyWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalscasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.32.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforE.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.33.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.34.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto______.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony35.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.
Danger-junkieorangutans猩猩inBorneoclimbdeadtreesandshakethenuntiltheybegintofall.TheyscreamwithexcitementastheyclingtothefallingtreE.Justbeforethetreehitsthegroundtheorangutansleaptoanothertreeorvinenarrowlyescapingdeath.Whilenoonecabaskorangutansiftheyenjoyitasapersonplayinganextremesportoneanimalbehavioristseesthismonkeyfunasabitofharmlessthrill-seeking.A.growingnumberofscientistsagreethatanimalsareconsciousandcapableofexperiencingbasicemotions情感suchashappinesssadnessboredomordepression.A.fewscientistsevenseethepossibilityforhigheranimalemotionslikelovejealousyandspitE.Fiveyearsagobehavioristandanimal-rightsactivistDr.JonathanBalcombestoodonaVirginiahotelbalconywatchingtwocrowsintimatelygroom清洁eachotherinthecomfortofanabandonedbillboarD.Hefeltthatthebirdslikedwhattheyweredoingevenifengagedinanaturalbeneficialactsuchaspickingparasites寄生虫offtheother’sfeathers.ThatmomentchangedthewayhewouldviewanimalsforeverandledtoabookPleasurableKingdom:AnimalsandtheNatureofFeelingGoodwhichisfilledwithhundredsofexamplesofanimalslivingitupthankstodevelopedsensesoftouchtastesightsoundandsmell.BalcomberecountsafavoriteexampleofKenyanhippos河马havinghigh-endspatreatmentinafreshwaterspring.Theysplaytheirtoesopentheirmouthswideandwaitforaschoolofcleanerfishtoremoveparasitesandsloughoffdeadskinherecalls.Balcombeknowsthatthehipposandthefishbothbenefitfromthisarrangement.Myinterpretationisthatitisalsoenjoyableforthemhesays.28.Danger-junkieorangutansshookthetreeto___.A.getsomefruitsB.enjoythemselvesC.traintheirescapingskillsD.frightenotheranimals29Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto_____.A.describeanunusualsceneamonganimalsB.giveanexamplethatanimalscanexperiencepleasurE.C.makeacomparisonbetweenmonkeyswithhumansD.showthatanimalscanavoiddanger30.Thepassageleadsustothebeliefthat_____.A.animalscanexperienceemotions.B.animalshaveawaytoadapttotheirenvironmentC.animalscancopywhathumansdoD.animalsareonlyeat-or-be-eatenbeasts31.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat___.A.onlyafewanimalshaveemotions.B.Balcombe’stheoryisnotsupportedbyotherscientistsC.BalcombehaswatchedalotofanimalsshowingemotionsD.Balcombecanunderstandanimallanguage
September212050----AtapressconferencetodayitwasannouncedthatthefirsttouristheadingforMarswillbethe38-year-oldUSbusinessmanPatrickClifforD.HewillleavetheearthinthelaunchingwindowofJune2052andsethisfootonthesurfaceofMarsinNovembertogetherwiththeother6astronautsassignedforthemissiontofurtherexploretheplanet.Patrickhasnowtwoyearsoftrainingaheadofhimtogetreadyforthetrip.NotonlywillhespendfivemonthsingettingtoMarsbutanother600daystherebeforehecangobackhomE.PatrickwasofcourseveryexcitedThishasbeenmydreamsinceIwasfourandseeingthefirstmanonMars20yearsagomademerealizethatitwaspossiblE.Tobeabletopaythe$1.3billionforhisticketforthetripPatricksoldhismajoritystake股份inthecompanyhisfatherhadbuilt.IknowthatmyfatherwouldhavebeenproudofmeifhehadstillbeenalivetodayheknewwhatthismeanstomesaysPatrick.ThereisnoriskthoughthatyouwillfindPatrickbegginginyourstreetcornerwhenhecomesbackbutitissaidthathewaspaidtwiceasmuchforhispartofthecompany.Sohowishegoingtospendhis600daysontheredplanet?WellsinceIdon’thaveajobwhenIgetbackaftersellingthecompanyIhaveplentyoftimetocomeupwithanewbusinessideahesaysandlaughs.Ifhebringsashovel铁锹hecanstartbuildingthefirsthoteltherebutmaybeheshouldn’texpecttoomanyguestsuntilsomeonecanofferacheaperticket.13.HowlongwillPatrickCliffordbeawaybeforehecomesback?A.AboutfivemonthsB.AbouttwoyearsC.About600daysD.About750days14.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3meansthat.A.thetripwillturnPatrickintoabeggarB.PatrickwillgetmuchmoneyfromthetripC.weneedn’tworryaboutPatrick’seconomicconditionD.it’slikelythatPatrickwillbeverypoorafterhecomesback15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.PatrickisanoptimisticmanB.A.totalofsixpeoplewillgotoMarsC.Patrick’sfatherfeltexcitedatthenewsD.Patrickwillspendallhismoneyonthetrip
Thereareanumberofchildren'sbooksthataredesignedtohelpchildrenlearnthedifferenceamongmanywonderfulcolorsthatareintheworldandallofthesebooksaredesignedtomakeiteasyforchildren.PinkaliciousItisastoryaboutagirlwhoeatsmanypinkcupcakesoneevening.Thenextmorningshewakesupandfindsthatshehasnotonlypinkhairbutpinkskin!Thisfunstorynotonlyhelpschildrentolearnaboutmanydifferentshades色度andcolorsthatareintheworldandintheirfoodsbutitalsohelpsthemtounderstandthatwhilesweetsareagreatpleasuretheyhavetoeathealthyfoodregularlyinordertostayhealthy.OneFishTwoFishRedFishBlueFishThebookisaseriesofvignettes小片段toldthroughDr.Seussrhymesmakingthemfunforparentstoreadandfunforchildrentohear.Asitisrelatedtocolorsthebookshowssomeoftheclassiccolorsincludingofcourseredandblue!OncechildrenlearnaboutredandbluetheycanthenlearnhowtomakepurplE.MousePaintInthistalethreemicelearnalotaboutcolorsandhowmuchfunyoucanhavewiththem.Theydon'tsettleforjustpaintingwiththecolorshoweverbutinsistondippingtheirtoes脚趾intothecolorsandcreatingnewcombinationsfromthemshowingchildrenwhathappenswhentheymixredandblueoryellowandredtogether.HowDoDinosaursLearnTheirColors?Thisseeminglysimplistictaleshowsushowdinosaurslearnallaboutthedifferentcolorsintheworldthroughtheitemsaroundthem.Simplethingsteachthedinosaursinthebookwhateachcoloris.Forinstanceapurpletowelthathasbeenleftonthefloorshowsbothchildrenandthedinosaurswhatthecolorpurpleis.21.Thechildren'sbooksmentionedinthepassagearedesignedto________.A.makechildreninterestedinreadingB.improvechildren'sreadingabilityC.deepentheunderstandingofcolorsD.attractchildren'sattentiontobooks22.What'stheinspirationofthebookPinkalicious?A.Howtomakeyourskinpink?B.Propereatingcanmakeyouhealthy.C.Eatingtoomanycupcakesisbadforyourhealth.D.Pinkcupcakesaregirls'favoritefooD.23.Whichbookisveryfunforitsrhymeswhenheard?A.Pinkalicious.B.OneFishTwoFishRedFishBlueFish.C.HowDoDinosaursLearnTheirColors?D.MousePaint.
Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.InbetweenhedoesallhecantomakeanoiseintheworldandhefearssilencemorethananythingelsE.EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulsilencE.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherpersonandanumberofpausesoccurintheconversationheregardshimselfasafailureaworthlesspersonandisfullofenvyoftheemptiest-headedchatterbox喋喋不休唠叨的人.Heknowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofaflybutheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure.TheaimofconversationisnotforthemostparttocommunicateideasitistokeepupthebuzzingsounD.Thereareitmustbeadmitteddifferentqualitiesofbuzzthereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemadebyamosquito.Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.MostbuzzingfortunatelyispleasanttotheearandsomeofitispleasanteventotheminD.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaiteduntilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzingwithhisneighbors.Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhumanbeingswishtotalk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someofthemarecontentiftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople’searsthoughtheyhavenothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenewplaysorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Attheendofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtimetheyjustprovethemselvestobesuccessfulconversationists.16.Accordingtotheauthorpeoplemakeconversationto_____.A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalueC.achievesuccessinlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence17.BythebuzzingofaflyParA.1theauthormeans_____.A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsoundC.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox18.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors_____.A.aboutwhatevertheyhavepreparedB.aboutwhatevertheywanttoC.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnewD.inthehopeofgettingonwell
Manypeoplethinkofthebrainasamystery.Theydon'tknowmuchaboutintelligenceandhowitworks.Whentheydothinkaboutwhatintelligenceismanypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmartaverageordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelifE.Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.Andscientistshavebeenabletoshowjusthowthebraingrowsandgetsstrongerwhenyoulearn.Everyoneknowsthatwhenyouliftweightsyourmusclesgetbiggerandyougetstronger.A.personwhocan'tlift20poundswhenhe/shestartsexercisingcangetstrongenoughtolift100poundsafterworkingoutforalongtimE.That'sbecausethemusclesbecomelargerandstrongerwithexercisE.Andwhenyoustopexercisingthemusclesshrinkandyougetweaker.That'swhypeoplesayUseitorloseit！Butmostpeopledon'tknowthatwhentheypracticeandlearnnewthingspartsoftheirbrainchangeandgetlargeralotlikemusclesdowhentheyexercisE.Insidethecortex皮层ofthebrainarebillionsoftinynervecellscalledneurons.Thenervecellshavebranchesconnectingthemtoothercellsinacomplicatednetwork.Communicationbetweenthesebraincellsiswhatallowsustothinkandsolveproblems.Whenyoulearnnewthingsthesetinyconnectionsinthebrainactuallymultiplyandgetstronger.Themoreyouchallengeyourmindtolearnthemoreyourbraincellsgrow.Thenthingsthatyouoncefoundveryhardorevenimpossibletodo—likespeakingaforeignlanguageordoingalgebra代数—seemtobecomeeasyafterlearningthemforaperiodoftimE.Theresultisastrongersmarterbrain.Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals'brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremoreperspicacious—theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph________.A.thefunctionofourbrainislikethatofthemuscleB.untilnowit'simpossibletoexplainthebrain'smysteryC.manypeoplebelieveone'sintelligenceisnaturallydeterminedD.one'sbraingrowsstrongerastheageincreases26.Trainingmusclesiscomparedto________.A.usingthebrainB.connectingthingsinyourbrainC.liftingweightsD.doingresearchaboutthebrain27.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?_________A.Thecomplexstructureofthebrain.B.Howchangesinthemusclesaffectthebrain.C.Theimportanceofthebrain.D.Howthebrainbecomesstrongerbylearningnewthings.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordperspicaciousinthelastparagraphprobablymean?_______A.Strong.B.Smart.C.Popular.D.ActivE.
JamesBrownisadoctorfromWashingtonD.C.Heisnow50yearsolD.Heisexplainingthereasonswhyhetookayear-longbreakfromhisjoB.Iwasquiteburnedoutafterpracticingmedicinefor26years.Ineededarecharge恢复精力.Sohetookagapyear间隔年fromJuly2011toJune2012toexplorethingslikeancientbuildingsantiquerestorationarchaeologyandtraditionalEasternmedicineinlocationsincludingAlaskaNepalandRomE.Takingarestfromworkisanwonderfulwayforadultstogointoanewcareer事业orrefreshanoldonesaidHollyBullpresidentoftheCenterforInterimProgramsinPrincetonN.J.whichsetsupgap-yearprograms.Thegroupworksmainlywithcollege-agestudentsbutithasalsoservedolderadultssinceitwasformed28yearsago.Inrecentyearsmid-careerbreakshavebeengainingmoreinterestshesaiD.A.reportonadultgapyearspublishedthisyearbyamarketresearchcompanyalsodescribedthepotential潜在的Americanmarketforgapyearsasasleepinggiant.Agapyearisachallengefortheolderindividualtostepoutofacomfortzoneandtakearisk.Ienjoyedthatsidemost.saidDr.BrownwhokeptadailyblogabouthisexperiencE.HistimestudyingEasternmedicinereassured再次确保thereasonsIwentintohealthcaresaidDr.Brownwhoreturnedtopracticemedicineathisoldjobalthoughheworksfewerdays.IusethoseexperiencestoprovidemypatientswithmorecareheaddeD.AndIlistenbetterthanIdidbeforE.GeorgeGarritanchairmanoftheDepartmentofLeadershipandHumanCapitalManagementatNewYorkUniversitycertainlyagreeswithDr.Brown.Hesaidagap-yearexperiencecouldbeworthwhileforemployeesandcompanies.Foremployeesinvesting投资inthemselvesandimprovingskillsetsisamovethatwillbenefitthroughouttheircareer.Headdedthatreturningemployeesfeelrefreshedandhavegivenmorethoughttotheircareer.Forcompaniesofferingunpaidleavesmakesgoodsenseforattractingandkeepingtalentedemployees.12.Dr.Browntookagapyearbecausehe______.A.gaveuphisoldjobB.felttiredafter26years’workC.wantedtotravelverymuchD.becameinterestedinhistoricalresearch13.AfterthegapyearDr.Brown______.A.becamemoreconsiderateinhisjoB.B.regrettedtakingagapyearC.waseagertoexploreancientbuildingsD.improvedhisspeakingability14.What’sGeorgeGarritan’sattitudetowardthegapyear?A.PositivE.B.Doubtful.C.UninteresteD.D.Uncertain.15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howanadultplansamid-careergapyear.B.Whyagapyearisworthwhileforadults.C.Whetheragapyearispopularwithadults.D.Whyagapyearischallengingforindividuals.
Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys'?Theanswerdependslargelyonculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptiansgreenwasacolorthatrepresentedthehopeandjoyofspringwhileforMuslimsitmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.InChinachildrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynationsblueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils灾祸.People'schoiceofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies'reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.Peoplewhoworkingreenenvironmentshavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson'sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople'sappetites食欲.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.SimilarlymanycommercialwebsiteswillhavearedBuyNowbuttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatches吸引aperson'seyE.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.UnlikeredbluecancausepeopletoloseappetitE.Soifyouwanttoeatlesssomesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.Thenexttimeyouaredecidingonwhattowearorwhatcolortodecorateyourroomthinkaboutthecolorcarefully.20.Muslimsconsidergreenasasymbolofheavenmainlybecauseoftheir.A.culturalvaluesB.commercialpurposesC.personalexperiencesD.physicalreactionstothecolor21.Whywillmanycommercialwebsiteshavearedbuynowbutton?A.Torelaxpeoplephysically.B.Toincreasepeople'sappetites.C.Toencouragepeopletomakeapurchase购买.D.Tocauseaperson'sbloodpressuretorisE.22.Whatcolormighthelploseweightaccordingtothetext?A.RedB.Green.C.BluE.D.PurplE.23.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.ColorsandHumanBeingsB.TheCulturalMeaningofColorC.ColorsandPersonalExperiencesD.TheMeaningandFunctionofColor
Putanicecube立方体冰块fromyourfridgeintoaglassofwater.Youhaveapieceofstring线10centimeterslong.Theproblemistotakeoutthatpieceoficewiththehelpofthestring.Butyoumustnottouchtheicewithyourfingers.Youmayaskyourfriendstotrytodothatwhenyouarehavingdinnertogether.Thereisasaltcellar盐瓶onthetablE.Youmustusesaltwhenyoucarryoutthisexperiment.FirstyouputthestringacrossthepieceoficE.ThenputsomesaltontheicE.Saltmakesicemelt融化.Theiceroundthestringwillbegintomelt.Butwhenitmeltsitwillloseheat.Thecoldicecubewillmakethesaltwaterfreezeagain.Afteraminuteortwoyoumayraisethepieceofstringandwithityouwillraiseyourpieceofice!Thisexperimentcanbeveryusefultoyou.IfforexamplethereisicenearthedoorofyourhouseyoumustuseverymuchsalttomeltalltheicE.Ifyoudon’tputenoughsaltthewaterwillfreezeagain.26.Wemustuse_______whenwecarryoutthisexperiment.A.fridgeB.somefoodC.atableD.somesalt27.Howlongwillittaketocarryoutthisexperiment?A.Morethanthreeminutes.B.Fiveminutesorso.C.Onlyoneminuteortwo.D.Abouttenminutes.28.Whatisthetaskofthisexperiment?A.Puttheicecubeintotheglassofwaterwiththehelpofthestring.B.Takeouttheicecubeintheglassofwaterwiththehelpofthestring.C.Takeouttheicecubeintheglassofwaterwithyourfingers.D.Putsomesaltontheicecubeandthenputthestringacrossit.29.Howmanythingsatleastareusedinthisexperiment?A.ThreE.B.Four.C.Six.D.Seven.30.Wecanlearnsomethingabout_______fromthepassagE.A.PhysicsB.biologyC.chemistryD.maths
Holdingacellphoneagainstyourearorstoringitinyourpocketmaybedangeroustoyourhealth.ThisexplainsawarningthatcellphonemanufacturersincludeinthesmallprintthatisoftenignoredwhenanewphoneispurchaseD.Appleforexampledoesn’twantiPhonestocomeclosertoyouthan1.5centimeters;ResearchInMotionBlackBerry’smanufacturerrecommends2.5centimeters.IfhealthissuesarisefromcellphoneusethepossibleeffectsarehugE.Voicecalls-Americanschatoncellphones2.26trillion万亿minutesannually-earn$109billionforthewirelesscarriers.DevraDavisanexpertwhohasworkedfortheUniversityofPittsburghhaspublishedabookaboutcellphoneradiationDisconnect.ThebooksurveysscientificresearchandconcludesthequestionisnotsettleD.BraincancerisaconcernthatMs.Davisexamines.OveralltherehasnotbeenanincreaseinitsincidencesincecellphonesarriveD.Buttheaveragemasksanincreaseinbraincancerinthe20-to-29agegroupandadropfortheolderpopulation.Mostcancershavemultiplecausesshesaysbutshepointstolaboratoryresearchthatsuggestslow-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldpossiblyleadtocancer.Childrenaremorevulnerable易受伤的toradiationthanadultsMs.Davisandotherscientistspointout.Radiationthatpenetratesonlyfivecentimetersintothebrainofanadultwillreachmuchdeeperintothebrainsofchildrenbecausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainscontainmoreabsorptivefluid易吸收的液体.Nostudieshaveyetbeencompletedoncellphoneradiationandchildrenshesays.HenryLaiaresearchprofessorinthebioengineeringdepartmentattheUniversityofWashingtonbeganlaboratoryradiationstudiesin1980andfoundthatratsexposedtoradiationhaddamagedDNAintheirbrains.Ms.Davisrecommendsusingwiredheadsetsorthephone’sspeaker.Childrenshouldtextratherthancallshesaidandpregnantwomenshouldkeepphonesawayfromtheabdomen腹部.6.AccordingtoMsDavisbraincancerincrease____.A.amongchildrenB.amongoldpeopleC.inthetwentiesD.amongpregnantwomen7.Whydochildreneasilybeaffectedbyradiation?A.Becausetheyhaven’tgrownup.D.Becausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainsareeasilyhurt.C.Becausetheyusecellphonesmoreoftenthanadults.B.Becausetheyaretooyoungtoprotectthemselves.8.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Pregnantwomenshouldkeepcellphonesaway.B.Peopleshouldusecellphonesinthecorrectway.D.Whenyouuseacellphoneuseawiredheadsetorthephone’sspeaker.C.Ifyouareachildyou’dbettertextthanmakephonecalls.9.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Becarefulwhenusingcellphones.B.Low-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldleadtocancer.C.RatsexposedtoradiationhavedamagedDNAintheirbrains.D.Don’tholdyourcellphoneagainstyourear.
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