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Rafting the GRAND CANYON Welcomes You! For an exciting，fun and challenging white water tours，Ra...
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高中英语《黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2015-2016学年高一下学期期末考试试题 Word版含答案》真题及答案
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ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmirates.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres.Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.ThisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromtheseA.Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays.ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomesbuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater.ThePalmDeiraplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists.MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts.Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion.21.AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingarerightEXCEPT___________.A.SomeDutchengineersareexperiencedinreclaiminglandfromtheseA.B.TheislandsarebeingbuiltintheshallowwateroftheseA.C.AlltheluxuryhomesonPalmJumeirahweresolD.D.TheWorldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalmJumeriah.22.Theunderlinedwordfacilitatesinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans___________.A.holdsbackB.makeseasierC.slowsdownD.leadsto23.Whatisthepassagewrittenfor?A.Tointroducethewonderfulartificialislands.B.Toshowhowtobuildartificialislands.C.Toofferatravelservicefortourists.D.ToprovethePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworlD.
Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility清晰度.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.ResearchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotesmindlesslybytakingdownwordforwordwhichtheprofessorssaiD.Inthefirstexperimentstudentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalktheywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.TheresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhanD.Howeverthetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers’reportsaidWhilemorenotesarebeneficialifthenotesaretakenmindlesslyasismorelikelythecaseonalaptopthebenefitdisappears.Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemorystudentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecturE.Thistimethestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.ThesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstandingbutthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuturE.8.Moreandmorestudentsfavorlaptopsfornote-takingbecausetheycan____________.A.writemorenotesB.digestconceptsbetterC.gethigherscoresD.understandlecturebetter9.Whiletakingnoteslaptopuserstendtobe________________.A.skillfulB.tirelessC.thoughtfulD.mindless10.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto_________________.A.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptops11.Thepassageislikelytoappearin_________________.A.afinancereportB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.anewspaperadvertisement
Myfatherwasalwaysagoodgardener.Oneofmyearliestmemoriesisstandingwithoutshoesinthefreshlytilled翻耕的soilmyhandsblackenedfromdigginginthegrounD.AsachildIlovedfollowingDadaroundinthegardenIrememberDadpushingthetiller耕作机aheadinperfectlystraightlines.Dadlovedgrowingallsortsofthings:yellowandgreenonionswatermelonsalmostasbigasmerowsofyellowcomandourfavorite―redtomatoes.AsIgrewintoateenagerIdidn’tgetsoexcitedaboutgardeningwithDaD.Insteadofmagicallandofpossibilityithadturnedintosomekindofprison.AsDadgrewolderhisloveforgardeningneverdisappeareD.AfterallthekidsweregrownandhadstartedfamiliesoftheirownDadturnedtogardeninglikeneverbeforE.Evenwhenhewasdiagnosedwithcancerhestilltookcareofhisgarden.Butthenthecancerbitbybitinvadedhisbody.Ihadtodothethingsheusedtodo.WhatreallyconvincedmethatDadwasdyingwasthestateofhisgardenthatyear.TherowsandrowsofmulticoloredvegetablesweregonE.TootiredtoweedthemhesimplyletthembE.Heonlyplantedtomatoes.ForthefirstfewyearsafterhediedIcouldn’tevenbeartolookatanyone'sgardenwithouthavingstrongmemoriespourovermelikecoldwaterfromabucket.ThreeyearsagoIdecidedtoplantmyowngardenandstartedoutwithjustafewtomatoes.ThatmorningafterbreakingupafairamountofsoilsomethingcaughtthecomerofmyeyeandIhadtosmileItwasmyeight-year-oldsonNathanhappilyplayinginthefreshlytilledsoil.5.Whydidtheauthorlikethegardenwhenhewasachild?A.Thegardenwasplantedwithcolorfulflowers.B.Thegardenwasjustfreshlytilledbyhisfather.C.Helovedwhathisfathergrewinthegarden.D.Heenjoyedbeinginthegardenwithhisfather.6.Whenallthekidsstartedtheirownfamiliestheauthor’sfather.A.devotedmoretogardeningB.turnedtootherhobbiesC.stoppedhisgardeningD.focusedonplantingtomatoes7.Whathappenedtothegardenwhentheauthor’sfatherwasseriouslyill?A.Theauthor’ssontookchargeofit.B.Noplantgrewinthegardenatall.C.ThegardenwasalmostdeserteD.D.Itbroughttheauthoragreatharvest.8.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat.A.theauthor’ssonplayedhappilyinthegardenB.theauthor’ssonremindedhimofhisownfatherC.theauthor’ssonwasverygladtohelptheauthorD.theauthor’ssonwillcontinuegardeningaswell
A.studyofEnglishlearningproblemswascarriedoutamongatolalof106foreignstudents.ItshowsthatmoststudentsconsideredunderstandingspokenEnglishtobetheirbiggestproblemonarrival.Thiswasfollowedbyspeaking.Writingincreasedasaproblemasstudentsdiscovereddifficulttiesinwritingpapersthattheywerenowexpectedtohandin.Readingremainedasasignificantproblem.TheinformationgainedhelpedusindeterminingwherespecialattentionshouldbepaidinourcoursE.Althoughmanystudentshavechosentojointhecoursewithareasonablemotivationweconsidereditimportanttonotewhatseemedtoencourageinterest.Nearlyallthestudentshaveexperiencedsomekindofgrammar-basedEnglishteachingintheirowncountry.Tousethesamemethodwouldbeself-defeatingbecauseitmightreducemotivationespeciallyifithasfailedinthepast.Thereforeadifferentmethodmayhelpbecauseitisdifferent.Varietyofactivitywasalsoseenasawayofmaintainingorincreasingmotivation.Severalyearsagowehadonetimetablethatoperatedthroughoutbutwesoonfoundthatboththestudentsandtheteacherslostinterestbyabouthalfwaythroughthetenweeks.Thisledustoamajorre-thinksofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsofthestudents.24.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Foreignstudentshavemoreproblems.B.Teachingshouldmeetstudents'needs.C.Englishlearningproblemsshouldbestudiedagain.D.TherearemanywaystoimproveEnglish.25.Writingbecameabiggerproblemwhenforeignstudents_____.A.becamelessinterestedinreadingB.becamebetteratspeakingC.hadtowritetheirpapersD.hadfewerproblemswithlistening26.Wemayinferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat_____.A.teachingcontentshouldbechangedhalfwayB.grammar-basedteachingseemstobeencouragingC.EnglishcoursesarenecessaryforforeignstudentsD.differentteachingmethodsshouldbeused27.Theworditunderlinedinthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.re-thinkB.timetableC.motivationD.activity
StayingsilentcanbejustaspowerfulasthewordsyoumeantosaylikewhentheactofhuggingwillbemorecomfortingthansayingSorryforyourloss.Anothertimewhensilenceisgoldeniswhenyouareunsureofwhattosay.Ifyouareconfusedaboutyourownfeelingsconcerningamatterit’sbesttostayquietuntilyouaremorecertainbecausemoreharmcanbedonebyrevealingfalseorexaggeratedfeelingsChoosesilenceinsteadofblurtingoutin-the-momentfeelingsthatarehurtfulandnotreallyhowyoufeelinthegrandschemeofthings.Whenyoufeeltheurgetosayanunkindthingtakeafewbreathsandthinkofthepossibleconsequencesofyourwords.Silencecanbeyourbestfriendduringnegotiations.Sayyourpiecethencloseyourmouthandlettheotherpersoncometotheirownconclusions.Yoursilenceshowsthatoneyouareconfidentinwhatyoujustsaidandtwoyourespecttheotherpersonenoughtohearwhattheyhavetosay.Sometimessilenceisthebestandmosttimelysolutionbecausetheotherpersonisnotinapositiontohearwhatyouhavetosay.Forexamplewhenafriendneedsforyoutolistentoherproblemsbutsheisunabletoacceptyouradviceatthatmoment.Practicebeingsilentatworkwhenyoudon’thaveanythingmeaningfultocontributE.Unlessyoucanstarttheconversationbypointingoutsomethinginterestingmissingorbeneficialit’sbesttojustobserveandlearn.Finallysilenceisgoldenwhenyoudon’twanttoengageinafool’sargument.Assomesquabbles口角willneverberesolvedonemustagreetodisagreE.HowevertherewillbetimesinyourlifewhereyouwillneedthepowerofyourvoicethevoicewithinyouthatwantsandneedstoberespectedandappreciateD.29.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout___A.whetherornottostaysilentB.whytostaysilentC.howtostaysilentD.whentostaysilent30.Whatisthebesttododuringnegotiation?A.GraspeverychancetosaymorethantheotherB.CloseyourmouthandjustlistentotheotherC.SpeakoutyourownpointsanddiscusswithothersD.Keepsilentafterexpressingyourself31.Tofollowthispassagethewriterislikelytocontinuetellingabout___A.theoccasionswhenyoushouldspeakupB.thepowerofyourvoiceC.theadvantagesofspeakingupD.thedisadvantagesofstayingsilent
Perhapsmostparentshavetriedtogivetheirchildrenaheadstartoneducationwithget–smartvideosandenrichmentactivitiesasearlyasinfancy婴儿期butfreeplayisoftensacrificedsotheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssaysthatthebestmedicineforbusychildrenisanincreaseintraditionalplaytime.Studiessuggestthatunstructuredplaycanhelpchildrenbecomecreativediscovertheirowninterestsdevelopproblem–solvingabilitiesandrelatetootherssociallyaccordingtoareportpreparedbytwoacademycommitteesforreleaseMondayatthegroup’sannualmeeting.Onthecontraryalackofsuchplayingcancreatestressforbothchildrenandparentsanditalsocauseobesity肥胖whenchildrenspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofeducationalvideos.Thereportnoteslackofplayingcouldevenleadtodepressioninmanychildren.Thereportsthinkthelackofplaytimeliesinthefactthatparentswanttohavesuper–smartchildrenandsafeplacesforchildrentoplayisdecreasing.A.balancebetweenfreeplayingandeducationactivatesshouldbestruckthereportsates.InthecurrentenvironmentwheresomanyparentsfeelpressuretobesuperparentsIbelievethismessageisanimportantonesaidDr.KennethGinsburgthereport’sleadauthorandapediatrician小儿科医师atTheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiA.NotedpediatricianauthorandpresenterofcableTV’sWhatEveryBabyKnowsDR.T.BettyBrazeltionagreeD.Childrenwithstructuredactivitiesaremissingthechancetodreamtomaketheirownworldworkthewaytheywantit.ThattomeisaveryimportantpartofchildhooD.32.Fromthepassagewecanseethattoday’schildrenreallyneedmore.A.enrichmentactivitiesB.conventionalplaytime[C.structuredactivitiesD.educationalactivities33.AccordingtothereportthebalancebetweenisimportantforachilD.A.structuredactivitiesandunstructuredactivitiesB.educationalvideosandrecess休息timeC.freeplaytimeandtraditionalplaytimeD.enrichmentactivitiesandsocialactivities34.Dr.T.BerryBrazeltonmainlyemphasizesinthelastparagraph.A.children’sabilitytodreamB.therolesofstructuredactivitiesC.theimportantactivitiesinhischildhoodD.theharmoftoomanystructuredactivities35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.childrengivenalotofunstructuredactivatescanbemorecreativeB.get–smartvideosandenrichmentcancreatesuperchildrenC.thereisacompetitionamongparentstobesuperparentsD.childrenobesityismainlycausedbylackofplaytime
D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.Whoissmarter?A.humanbeingorartificialintelligence人工智能?ThequestionswepttheworldlastyearwhenaGoogle-developedprogramcalledAlphaGodefeatedtheworldtopplayerSouthKoreanLeeSe-del4-1.Sowhatcomesnext?SomepeoplehavebeenarguingthatartificialintelligenceorAIinshortwillbeabadthingforhumans.InaninterviewwiththeBBCin2014UKscientistStephenHawkingwarnedthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanracE.SoarewereallyabouttoliveintheworldshownintheTerminatormovies?NotquiteansweredTheEconomist.Afterallit’snothardtogetacomputerprogramtorememberandproducefacts.Whatishardisgettingcomputerstousetheirknowledgeineverydaysituations.Wethinkthatforthehumanbeingthingslikesightandbalance视觉平衡arenaturalandordinaryinourlifE.ThomasEdisonfounderofMotionFiguresacompanythatisbringingAItoboystoldthenewspaper.Butforarobottowalkupanddownjustlikehumanbeingsrequiresvariousdecisionstobemadeeverysecondandit’sreallydifficulttodo.AsTheEconomistputitWehavealongwaytogobeforeAIcantrulybegintobesimilartothehumanbraineventhoughthetechnologycanbegreat.MeanwhileJohnMarkoffofTheNewYorkTimessaidthatresearchersshouldbuildartificialintelligencetomakepeoplemoreeffectivE.OurfateisinourownhandshewrotE.SincetechnologydependsonthevaluesofitscreatorswecanmakehumanchoicesthatusetechnologytoimprovetheworlD.28.Whatwastheresultofthematch?A.LeeSe-delwonAlphaGo4-1.B.LeeSe-delwasdefeateD.C.GoogleprogrambeatAlphaGo.D.Neithersidewonthematch.29.WhatdoesThomasEdisonpossiblymeaninhisremarks?A.It’sveryhardforAItobeatthehumanbrain.B.AIwouldtaketheplaceofhumanbeings.C.AIcanmakevariousdecisionsquickly.D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.30.WhobelievesmuchhastobedonetoimproveAI?A.StephenHawking.B.JohnMarkoff.C.TheNewYorkTimes.D.TheEconomist.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?A.AIwillimprovetheworldcompletely.B.AIisinthecontrolofhumanbeings.C.AImaybringdisasterstohumanbeings.D.AIwillmakeourfutureoutofcontrol.
Unlessyoubringyourownthermospapercupsaretherealoptionforon-the-gocoffeE.ButasweallknowproducingthesesimpleitemscutsdownforestsoftreesandcontributestomountainsofwastE.InfactStarbucksaloneuses4billionpapercupsayeargloballyandmostoftheseplastic-linedcupsareneverrecycleD.ButaprojectfromReducE.ReusE.Grow.ishandlingthecoffeeindustry’spapercupproblembygivingthesesingle-usecoffeeholdersafurtherpurpose:reforestation.AcompanyinCaliforniahasdevelopedtheworld’sfirstplantablecoffeecupwhichhasseedsinthepaper-basedmaterial.Thatmeansafteryou’redonewiththecupyoucantearitleaveitinwaterforafewminutesburyitandletnaturetakeover.TopreventthespreadofinvasiveplantsthebottomofthecupdetailstheseedvarietyandalsoincludesinstructionsonhowtoplantiteitherinthenorthernorcentralcoastofCaliforniA.Forthosewhodon’twanttogettheirhandsdirtythecupcanbeputintoaReducE.ReusE.Growbinwhereitwilleventuallybetakentoareforestationlocation.Thecupcanbiodegrade生物降解within180daysandoffernutritiontoplants.Thecompanyistryingtoputthecupintocommercialproductionandpersuadecoffeeshopstobuythecups.21.StarbucksismentionedinParagraph1_____.A.becauseStarbucksprovidesrecyclablecupsB.becauseStarbucksusesprettyplastic-linedcupsC.toshowStarbucksisfamousforitson-the-gocoffeeD.toprovethecoffeeindustrycausesthepapercupproblem22.Theplantablecoffeecup_____.A.canbeusedmanytimesB.containsseedsinitsmaterialC.canbeusedasaflowerpotD.ismadeofwaterproofmaterial23.Theseedvarietyisshownonthecupmainlyto_____.A.interestcupusersB.spreadknowledgeofplantsC.makesureitisplantedproperlyD.helpuserschoosecertaincups24.WhatisaReducE.ReusE.Grow.binusedfor?A.Sellingplantablecoffeecups.B.Makingplantablecoffeecups.C.Collectingplantablecoffeecups.D.Recyclingplantablecoffeecups.
Peoplewithanimpulsivepersonalityrefertothosewhotendtodothingswithoutconsideringthepossibledangersorproblemsfirst.AccordingtoanewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofGeorgiasuchpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavefoodaddiction.Thestudyfoundthatpeopleexhibitingimpulsivebehaviorweren’tnecessarilyoverweightbutimpulsivenesswasrelatedtoadirectrelationshipwithfoodandthereforelesshealthyweight.FoodaddictionhasbeencomparedtoaddictivedrugusE.Studieshavelinkedthedopamine多巴胺releasethatoccursaftertastingdeliciousfoodtothedopaminereleasethathappenswhenpeopleconsumeotheraddictivesubstances.Impulsivebehaviorinvolvesseveralpersonalitytraits特点.TwoofthesetraitsknownasnegativeurgencyandlackofperseverancewereparticularlyassociatedwithfoodaddictionandhighBMI身体质量指数duringthestudy.Negativeurgencyischaracterizedbythetendencytobehaveimpulsivelywhenexperiencingnegativeemotions.Somepeoplemightdrinkalcoholortakedrugs.Forothersitcouldmeaneatingtofeelbetter.Lackofperseveranceiswhenapersonhasahardtimefinishinghardorboringtasks.Peoplewithalackofperseverancemighthavedifficultyattemptingtochangeaddictiveeatingbehaviorwhichcouldalsocauseobesity.ImpulsivenessmightbeonereasonwhysomepeopleeatinanaddictivewaydespitemotivationtoloseweightsaidDr.AshleyGearhardtaclinicalpsychologist.HewasinvolvedindevelopingtheYaleFoodAddictionScaleinaidofthosepeoplE.WearetheorizingthatiffoodaddictionisreallyathingthenourmeasuretheYaleFoodAddictionScaleshouldberelatedtohelpingcontrolimpulsiveactionsaidGearhardt.ClinicalpsychologistDr.JamesMacKillopwhoselabwasconductingthestudybelievesthattherapiesusedtotreataddictivedrugbehaviorcouldhelppeoplewhosufferfromaddictiveeatinghabits.MostoftheprogramsforweightlossatthispointfocusonthemostobviousthingswhichareclearlydietandexerciseMacKillopsaiD.Itseemsthatmanagingstrongdesirestoeatwouldnaturallyfitinwiththeskillsapersonwouldneedtoeathealthily.32.AccordingtoParagraph1theresultoffoodaddictionis________.A.lesshealthyweightB.motivationtoloseweightC.negativeemotionsD.takingalcoholordrugs33.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetwopersonalitytraitsinParagraph4?A.Bymakingcomparisonsandconclusions.B.Byexplainingcausesandeffects.C.Bypresentingquestionsandanswers.D.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.34.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheYaleFoodAddictionScalefromthetext?A.IthasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutamongoverweightpeoplE.B.Itmighthelpsomeimpulsivepeoplewithfoodaddictiontoloseweight.C.ItwillprovewhetherfoodaddictionisaproblemtoimpulsivepeoplE.D.Itistheoreticallyapropertreatmentforaddictivefoodanddrugbehavior.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DopaminereleasecausedbyfoodaddictionB.FoodaddictioncomparedtodruguseC.ImpulsivepersonalitylinkedtofoodadditionD.Foodaddictioncontributingtoobesity
InitsearlyhistoryChicagohadfloodsfrequentlyespeciallyinthespringmakingthestreetssomuddythatpeoplehorsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:A.manisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.AskedifheneedshelpherepliesNothanks.I'vegotagoodhorseundermE.Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage排水systembuttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasementsandthesecondstoriesintomainfloorsorhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.ButwhataboutlargeheavystructureslikeTremontHotelwhichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotelPullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews螺旋千斤顶beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametimetherebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.AstonishinglytheTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperationandmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistoryeveryengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiverthecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.51.Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow______.A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB.Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddyC.ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous52.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto_______.A.getridofthestreetdirtB.lowertheChicagoRiverC.fightagainstheavyfloodsD.buildthepipesaboveground53.TheunderlinedwordhoistinParagraph4means_______.A.changeB.liftC.repairD.decorate54.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A.ItwentonsmoothlyasintendeD.B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C.ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.55.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______.A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements
TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat.Itistheelephant’sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunder-bushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.60.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.Improvingthequality.B.WorseningthestatE.C.FixingthetimE.D.Decidingtheconditions.61.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby__.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.givingexamplesC.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesD.describingthechangesinspaceorder62.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.B.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.C.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.D.TheeffectofAfricanelephants’searchforfooD.63.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.B.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.C.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.D.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.
OnSaturday17September2016youmaycatchsightofhundredsofapes猩猩runningaroundthestreetsofLondon.They’llhavebeenfilminganewPlanetoftheApesmovieyou’llprobablythink.Butinfactwhenthestarter’spistolsoundsfortheGreatGorillaRunnextyearthishighlypopulareventwillhavebeenraisingmoneyforthirteenyears.Peoplefromallovertheworldwillrunjogorwalk8kmingorillacostumesthroughthecapital’sstreetspassingsuchiconiclandmarksasTheTowerofLondonandStPaul’sCathedral.BythetimethelastapecrossesthefinishinglinetherunnerswillhaveraisedmillionsforendangeredspeciesandeducationprojectsinCentralAfricA.Unusualcharityeventssuchastheseareahugetrendforraisingmoneyforworthwhilecauses.Ifhoweveryou’relookingtoreallyliketheideaofrunningthroughmudandfreezingcoldicethenTheToughMudderisperhapswhatyou’vebeensearchingfor.Inthisdifficultandtiringteameventparticipantsfinisha10to12-milebarriercoursethattestsphysicalstrengthandmentalcouragE.It’smoreaboutfriendshipthanwinning.Over150sucheventsworldwidehaveraised£5million.Butfundraisingdoesn’thavetoinvolvephysicaleffort.StudentsataschoolinIllinoisplayedJustinBieber’ssong‘Baby’overloudspeakersandurgedfellowstudentstopaytostopthesong.Theyneededtoraise$1000inoneweektoachievethis.Beyondexpectationstheyexceeded超过thegoalwithinthreedays.Eventeacherschippedin.IfyouwanttojointheranksofgorillasnextSeptemberyouonlyhavetopay£60toregister.Thisincludesthegorillasuitwhichyoucankeep.Ifyoutakepartnotonlywillyouhavebeenhelpingthegorillasandpeoplewhodependontheirhabitatyou’llneverhavetobuyanothersetoffancyclothesagain!8.WhatistheGreatGorillaRunheldfor?A.TofilmanewPlanetoftheApesB.TocollectmoneyforCentralAfricaC.TomakeastudyoftheoriginofmanD.ToenjoyfamoussenicspotsinLondon9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheToughMudder?A.ItisdisgustingB.ItisuniqueC.ItiscompetitiveD.Itischallenging10.Whatdoesthephrasechippedininthethirdparagraphreferto?A.JoinedinsingingB.MadeacontributionC.ScoldedtheorganizersD.Interruptedtheactivity11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.GoingCrazyforCharity!B.ProtectingOurRareAnimals!C.CompetinginUnusualEvents!D.WatchingOutforAggressiveAnimals!
Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpowerwhatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadmindsseethroughwallsorhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsillybutitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.EverydayinourworkweareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworlD.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomeworkplayingsportsmakingfriendsseekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.FindanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmorE.VolunteerorifyoucancontributealittlemoneytoacausE.Whateveryoudodon’tbeabystander.GetinvolveD.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealthdevelopmentandenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.IthaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsaheaD.21.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A.YourlifestylE.B.YourlifeexperiencE.C.YourtroubleinlifE.D.YourlifevaluE.22.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.B.TheyhavegotthepowertochangetheworlD.C.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.23.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A.LearningmoreandcontributingmoretoacausE.B.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.C.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.24.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.MuchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuturE.B.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.C.TheworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperiencE.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewardeD.
What’sdelicioustoeatandcomesinavarietyofcolors?Eggplant!Andnoithasnothingtodowithchickens!Thisstrangelynamedvegetableishoweverasversatileasanegg.ItcanbesteamedfriedandbakeD.Itcanbeeatenbyitselforcombinedwithmeatsandothervegetables.EggplantwasfirstgrowninIndiainthe5thcenturyBC.ItspopularitysoonspreadtoChinaandthenthroughoutAsiA.FinallyduringtheMiddleAgesthevegetablemadeitswaytoEuropE.Atthattimeeggplantwasnottheshinypurplevegetablemostpeopleknowtoday.Insteaditresembledawhiteegg.Duetothisegg–likeappearanceeggplantgotitsnamE.InitsearlydaysthevegetablewassobitterthatpeopleoftencalleditamadapplE.Thisnicknamestartedbecausepeoplebelieveditsbitternesswasbadforone’shealth.Peopleactuallythoughteggplantcouldcauseinsanityandcancer.Fortunatelytodaypeopleknowthateggplantdoesn’tcauseinsanityorcancer.Infacteggplantissohealthythatitmaypreventcancer.InadditionthebrainandtheheartbenefitfromthissupervegetablE.Sinceit'shighinfibereggplantcanimprovedigestion.ItalyTurkeyEgyptChinaandJapanaretheleadinggrowersofeggplantintheworldtoday.Dependingonitslocationeggplantmaybepurplegreenorangeoryellow–whitE.Anditcanbeassmallasatomatooraslargeasacucumber.Dishvarietiesrangefromsimpletocomplexwithallofthembeingdelicious.TodaythousandsofpeoplegatherinLoomisCaliffortheannualLoomisEggplantFestival.Themainactivityatthefestivaliseatingdeliciouseggplantdishes.Thereisplentymoretodoandseethough.Recipecontestsartsandcraftsperformersracesandchildren'sactivitiesallegg–citefestival–goers.Mostpeopleatthefestivalwouldagree—eggplantisanegg–cellentvegetablE.32.Eggplantgotitsnamebecauseofits_____.A.colorB.tasteC.appearanceD.value33.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothequalitiesofeggplant?A.Itcanbecookedinvariousways.B.Itcanpreventcancer.C.Itisvaluableandpriceless.D.Itiseasytodigest.34.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Eggplantcanbeeatentocurecancer.B.Eggplantusedtotastebitter.C.Indiaproducethemosteggplantintheworldtoday.D.Eggplanthasahistoryofnearly1000years.35.MostpeoplecometotheLoomisEggplantFestivalto_____.A.enjoyfoodwitheggplantB.promoteeggplantC.takepartinrecipecontestsD.seeartsandcrafts
Chimpswillcooperateincertainwayslikegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeingstheyhavelittleinstincttohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.EvenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildrenwhoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfooD.Inthelaboratorychimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselforwithnogreateffortaplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcagehewillpullatrandom---hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.HumanchildrenontheotherhandareextremelycooperativE.Fromtheearliestagestheydecidetohelpotherstoshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadooralmostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelpinformandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.AnotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewardeD.A.thirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive认知的skillsatleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasellothechildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworlD.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.ButbeyondthatevenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurposE.Theyactivelyseektobepartofaweagroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.19.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’fooD.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.20.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey_________.A.knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC.havetheinstincttohelpothersD.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull21.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren
Abouttenmenineveryhundredhavethetroubleofcolorblindnessinsomeway.Womenareluckieronlyaboutoneintwohundredisaffectedinthismatter.Perhapsafterallitissafertobedrivenbyawoman.Therearedifferentkindsofcolorblindness.InsomecasesamanmaynotbeabletoseedeepreD.Hemaythinkthatredorangeandyellowareallshadesofgreen.Sometimesapersoncan’ttellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.Inrarecasesanunluckymanmayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen—astrangeworldindeeD.Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisastrangethingtoexplain.Inasingleeyetherearemillionsofverysmallthingscalledcones圆锥体.Thesehelpustoseeinthebrightlightandtotelldifferencesbetweencolors.Therearealsomillionsofrods柱状体buttheseareusedforseeingwhenitisnearlydark.Theyshowusshapesbutnotcolors.Someinsectshavefavoritecolors.Mosquitoes蚊子likebluebutdonotlikeyellow.Aredlightwillnotattractinsectsbutabluelightwill.Humanbeingsalsohavefavoritecolors.Yetwearelucky.Withthehelpoftheconesinoureyeswecanseemanybeautifulcolorsbydayandwiththehelpoftherodswecanseeshapesatnight.41.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.colouranditssurpriseB.womenbeingluckierthanmenC.dangercausedbycolourblindnessD.colourblindness42.Whichofthestatementsaboutcolourblindnessistrue?A.Allofthemhaven’tthesameprobleminrecognizingcolours.B.NoneofthemcanseedeepreD.C.Noneofthemcantellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.D.Allofthemseeeverythinginshadesofgreen.
Shouldwesavepandas?Eventhoughthenumberofgiantpandashasdroppedtothepointwheretheyareconsideredseriouslyendangeredsomehavesuggestedthatitisnotworththeeffortstocontinuetryingtosavethespecies.BBCnaturalistChrisPackhammadethisshockingstatementtoRadioTimesMagazine:It’snotastrongspecies.Unfortunatelyit’sbigandcuteandit’sasymboloftheWorldWildlifeFundWWF.Andwepourmillionsofpoundsintopandaconservation.Ithinkweshouldpull_the_plug.Letthemgo.Fortunatelynotmanypeoplesharethisextremeviewpoint.Insteadofjustallowingthespeciestobecomeextinctpandaconservationeffortsareinfullforceandyoucanhelp!WhynotadoptapandaattheWWForPandasInternationalBothsitesraisemoneyforgiantpandaconservation.Youcanalsohelpraiseattentiontothisendangeredspecies.ThefollowingideasarefromPandasInternational:spreadtheword:shareyourpassiontosavepandas;sponsororadoptagiantpanda;signupformonthlydonationstoPandasInternationaloranotherorganization;consideraprojectforyourclassifyouareastudent;oratyournextcelebrationbirthdayholidaysetC.askgueststomakeadonationtohelppandasratherthanbringagift.Thereareonlyabout1600giantpandasleftinthewilD.Oneofthebiggestreasonsthatgiantpandasaredyingoutisthelossofhabitat.Pandasrelyonbambooforfoodandtheplantisslowgrowing.IntheirnativelandsofsoutheastAsiamanybambooforestshavebeencleareD.ThisdrivespandasfartherawayinsearchoffooD.Manydieofhungerbeforetheycangettothenextforest.PersonallyIdon’tthinkthatsomethingshouldbegivenupjustbecauseitisdifficult.Afterallthepandaisnotendangeredasaresultofnaturalselection.Itshabitathasbeendestroyedbyouractions.32.Thispassageiswrittento________.A.askustosavepandasB.provethatpandascanbesavedC.explainwhypandasaredyingoutD.helpusknowmoreaboutpandas33.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasepullthepluginParagraph1mean?A.LeavE.B.Stop.C.Think.D.Try.34.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThefunctionsofPandasInternational.B.Effortspeoplehavemadetosavepandas.C.Thingstodoforpandasasastudent.D.Thingswecandotohelppandas.35.Thewriterseemstoagreethat________.A.pandasareendangeredbecauseofnaturalselectionB.weshouldstopmakinganefforttosavepandasC.savingpandasisnotsuchadifficulttaskD.weshouldtryourbesttosavepandas
Scientistscanlearnaboutmanbystudyinganimalssuchasmiceratsandmonkeys.Thescientistsinalaboratoryareexperimentingonmiceandtheyarestudyingtherelationshipbetweendietandhealth.Inthisexperimentthescientistsarestudyingtherelationshipbetweentheamountoffoodthemicecaneatandtheirhealth.Themiceareinthreegroups.Allthesegroupsarereceivingthesamehealthydiet.Buttheamountoffoodthateachgroupisreceivingisdifferent.Thefirstgroupiseatingonecupoffoodeachdaythesecondtwocupsandthethirdthreecups.Afterthreeyearsthehealthiestgroupistheonethatisonlyeatingonecupoffoodeachday.ThemiceinthisgrouparethinnerthannormalmicebuttheyaremoreactivE.Mostofthedaytheyarerunningplayingwithoneanotherandusingtheequipmentintheircages.Alsotheyarelivinglonger.Miceusuallylivefortwoyearswhilemostofthemiceinthisgrouparestillaliveafterthreeyears.Thesecondgroupofmiceisofnormalweight.Theyarehealthytoo.TheyareactivebutnotasactiveasthethinnermicE.Buttheyareonlylivingabouttwoyears.Thelastgroupofmiceisreceivingmorefoodthantheothertwogroups.Mostofthedaythesemiceareeatingorsleeping.TheyarenotactivE.Thesemicearelivinglongerthanthescientiststhought—aboutayearandahalfbuttheyarenothealthy.Theyaresickmoreoftenthantheothertwogroups.21.Thefirstgroupisthethinnestmainlybecause________.A.theyrunandplayalldaylongB.theyeatonlyonecupoffoodadayC.theylivelongerthantheothergroupsD.theyareboredwiththekindoffoodinthecup22.Howlongdonormalniceliveaccordingtothepassage?A.Aboutoneyear.B.Aboutayearandahalf.C.Abouttwoyears.D.Aboutthreeyears.23.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiment?A.Dailyamountoffoodmayinfluenceourhealth.B.Sleepingmayhavenothingtodowithweight.C.Playingwithothersmayhelpussleepbetter.D.Lessexercisemaymakeuslivelonger.24.Thispassageismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween_________.A.sleepandweightB.exerciseandequipmentC.foodandhealthD.weightandexercise
Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—joininAppleDaytoseewhat’sarounD.It’scalledAppleDaybutinfactit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21butsinceithasbecomepopulareventsnowlastthroughmostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetoseeandoftentasteawidevariety品种ofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedkindsofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarketsitcanbequiteeye-openingtoseesomeclassicalapplesstillinexistencesuchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecialit’sstillworthatry.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitcertainlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinettebutyou’llneedawarmshelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowitsoit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallinlovewithit.Attheappleeventsyoucanalsomeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditionsandbecausethesearefamilyaffairschildrenarewellentertainedwithapple-themedfunandgames.Appledaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruitincludingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards果园.IfyouwanttohavearealorchardexperiencevisittheNationalCollectionatBrogdalenearFavershaminKent.21.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?
ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandfortheenvironment.ThosefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNaturE.DavidTilmanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotA.Inthestudyheexaminedinformationfrom100nationstoshowwhatpeopleateandhowdietaffectedhealth.Mr.Tilmannotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized工业化populationincreasedandearningsrosE.MorepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugarfatoilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoodspeoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.Thefoodletussayinthe15richestnationsoftheworldrightnowcontainsabout400or500extracalories热量adaythatareeatenbeyondwhatpeopleneedandthatleadspeopletogainweight.DavidTillmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskfordiseaseslikediabetesheartdiseaseandsomecancers.DiabetesisshootingtoveryhighratesintheUnitedStatesandacrossEuropE.HeartdiseaseisamajorcauseofdeathintheWesternnations.UnfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrializediftheyadoptthisWesterndiettheyaregoingtohavethesesamehealthproblems.Adietbadforhumanbeingsitseemsisalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworld’spopulationgrowsexpertssaymoreforestsandareaswillbecomefarmlandforcropsorgrasslandsforraisingcattlE.TheseareaswillbeneededtomeettheincreasingdemandforfooD.Mr.Tilmancallsthelinkbetweendiettheenvironmentandhumanhealthadilemmaasituationwhereitisverydifficulttodecidewhattodo.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehinD.29.Whydidpeoplegetfatterinthe1960s?A.Theyatefoodshighincalories.B.TheyadoptedawesternlifestylE.C.TheysetasidelittletimeforexercisE.D.Theyhadabetterlifeandbecamelazier.30.AccordingtothetextoverweightpeoplemaysufferthefollowingdiseasesEXCEPT.A.diabetesB.skindiseaseC.cancersD.heartdisease31.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Therewillbefewerandfewerforests.B.Peoplewon’tcareabouttheenvironment.C.Theworld’spopulationwillgrowfasterthanever.D.Raisingcattlewillbethemostmoneymakingbusiness.32.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Totellpeopleeffectivewaystokeephealthy.B.TocallonpeopletogiveuptheWesterndiet.C.Toshowtheproblemsindustrializednationsarefacing.D.Todrawpeople’sattentiontoenvironmentalprotection.
Everyoneknowsthatdeathisnaturalbutdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwophases---clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.ClinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorganssuchastheheartorlungshaveceasedtofunctionbuthavenotsufferedpermanentdamagE.Theorganismcanstillberevived复活.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothebreakingupofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganismcombinedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism新陈代谢coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.Toillustratehowthisworksscientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKetA.ThescientistputKetatosleepwithanarcotiC.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperaturE.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstatE.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemorE.Afterfifteenminutesspontaneous自发的breathingbeganandafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherheaD.AftersixhourswhenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjectionKetaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.12.Scientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlongerinorderto_________A.cooltheorganism.B.delaythecomingofbiologicaldeath.C.slowdownthebody’smetabolism.D.bringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelifE.13.HowdidthescientistsputKetaintoclinicaldeath?A.ByputtinghertosleeploweringhertemperatureanddrainingherblooD.B.Bysurroundingherbodywithice-bagsanddrainingherblooD.C.Bylowingherbloodpressureandstoppingherheartfrombeating.D.Bydrainingherbloodloweringherbloodpressureandstoppingherbreathing.14.Allofthefollowingindicatethatthemonkeyhasalmostrestoredtoheroriginalphysicalstateexceptthefactthat_________A.herheartbeatagain.B.sherejectedapenicillininjection.C.sheregainedhernormalbreath.D.sheactedaslivelyasahealthymonkey.
GuinnessWorldRecordshaslongbeenrecordingsomeofthemostamazingandastonishingtravelandtourismfacts.Herewearesharingsomeofthemostunbelievable[Z-X-X-K]record-breakingaccountsallfullyfact-checkedandGuinness-approveD.LargestIceStructure----TheIceHotelinSwedenEachyeartheicehotelinJukkasjarviSwedenisrebuiltfromblocksoffrozenicefromthenearbyRiverTornE.Coveringanareaof5500squaremetresthehotelisunsurprisinglyopenseasonallyfromDecembertoMarchwhenitmeltsaway.In2015thehotelcelebratedits25thanniversarycompletewithanicebaranicechurchandicebedrooms-oneevenfeaturedaLondonTubecarriagemadeentirelyoficE.TallestWaterfall-AngelFallsVenezuelaThelargestwaterfallbyvertical垂直的areamaybeVictoriaFallswhichsitontheborderbetweenZimbabweandZambiabutit’sSouthAmericathat’shometotheworld’stallest.AngelFallslocatedinBolivarVenezuelahasanimpressiveuninterrupteddropof807metres.ItwasactuallynamedaftertheAmericanpilotJimmieAngelwhofirstrecordeditinhislogbookonNovember161933.LargestAreaofGlowingSea-IndianOceannearSomaliaBioluminescence生物体发光istheproductionandemissionoflightbyalivingthingandcanbeusedtoexplainthesurprisingphenomenon现象ofglowingoceans.Itwasin1995thatscientistsdetectedglowingseaintheIndianOcean-justoffthecoastofSomalia-viasatelliteThewaterwasmorethan250kilometreslonganditwasallthankstothebacteriacalledphytoplankton.MostExpensiveHotelRoom-TheRoyalPenthouseSuiteatGeneva’sHotelPresidentWilsomThisparticularsuiteisjusttheticketcostingasmuchasUS$83000£53760pernight.Butthehighpricewillgainyouaccessto12bedroomsand12marblebathroomsacross18000squarefeet.25.Whereisthetallestwaterfallsituated?A.BetweenZimbabweandZambiaB.InSouthAmericaC.InnorthernEuropeD.InSouthAfrica26.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelargestareaofglowingsea?A.Itwasfirstrecordedin1933B.ItwasnamedafteranAmericanpilotC.ItwasfirstdetectedbysatelliteD.Itistheonlyseathatisglowing27.WhatcanyouexperienceifyougototheRoyalPenthouseSuiteatGeneva’sHotelPresidentWilson?A.ThemostbeautifulnaturalsceneryB.ThemostexpensiveandluxurioussuiteC.ThelargestandmostpowerfulwaterfallD.Thelargestrooms28.Wheremightwefindthistext?A.InaculturalbookB.InatravelmagazineC.InafashionmagazineD.Inaninstructionbook
Afterhavingaheavylunchwhenwecontinueourworkinofficewetendtofeeldrowsy.Itmaystrengthensomuchthatwefinditdifficulttokeepoureyesopen.Atthattimemanyofuswishwecouldhaveasmallbednexttoourdeskswherewecantakearest!SometimesweevengetasenseofguiltforfearthatwemaycommitsomemistakesintheworkwearedoingatthattimE.Somepeoplemaythinkthattheremustbesomethingwrongwiththeirhealth.Usuallyourlunchconsistsofheavyfoodsthatmakethestomachsfull.SomostofthebloodisdirectedtowardsthestomachswherethedigestionistakingplacE.Asaresultthebrainreceivesmuchlessamountofoxygenthanitusuallygets.Thisconditiongivesrisetodrowsinesswhichisalsoaccompaniedbyasenseoftiredness.DuringdigestionofthefoodsstomachacidsareproducedtohelpwithdigestionbuttheyalsochangethepHvaluesofthebloodandmakeitalkaline碱性的.GenerallyspeakingthepHvaluesofthebloodfrom7.35-7.45isnormal.Thisalkalinityofbloodcanleadtothedrowsyfeeling.Ifyouobservecarefullyyouwillfindthatwhenyoueatfoodslikepastaorbakeryproductsyoutendtofeelsleepier.Thesefoodsmakethesugarlevelsinthebloodhigherthannormal.Thuswe’dbettermakesomechangesonthefoodsthatmakeupourlunch.Avoidpotatoespastadessertsandsweetsandeatless.BesidesweshouldstayawayfromdrinksrichincaffeinesuchascoffeE.ThefactisthatitcanmakeyouthinkclearlyonlyforabriefperiodoftimE.Afterthatyouwillstartfeelingsleepyalloveragain.Walkingafewminutesafterlunchisthebestwaytogetridofthedrowsiness.Thiswillimprovetheflowofbloodinthebodyandwilllimitthebloodsugar.28.WhatdoestheunderlinedworddrowsyinParA.1mean?A.Sick.B.Weak.C.Sleepy.D.Impatient.29.WhydowesometimesfeelguiltyafterhavingaheavylunchA.Becausewecan’thelpworryingaboutourhealth.B.Becausewemaydrinklotsofourcompany’scoffeE.C.Becausewefearwemaymakemistakesinthework.D.BecauseeatingmaytakeupourworktimE.30.IfapersoneatstoomuchthepHvalueofhisbloodmightbeat______.A.8B.7C.6D.531.Byfollowingthesuggestionsinthelastparagraphwecould________.A.getridofourbadeatinghabitsfinallyB.improveourhealthwithoutmucheffortC.keepourbloodflowingatanormalspeedD.ensureourworkefficiencyintheafternoon
Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterallthescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworldandthebabyiswelljustplayingright?Perhapsbutsomedevelopmentalpsychologists心理学家havearguedthatthisplayismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.TakeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetablE.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedgeitfallstotheground—andintheprocessitbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract相互作用;bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-airbutrequiresupporttoremainstablE.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Insteadbabiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdifferthebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaimtolearnaboutthenaturalworldoverallapproachgatheringdirectevidencefromtheworldandlogicaremyobservationswhatIexpected?.Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.ForexampleitmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperimentsevidencegatheringandfinallyoverturningatheorythatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehasforexampleunlikethechildMommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolatE.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearnbutitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexploreexplainandunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhooD.Perhapsevolution进化providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworldsandadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive认知的systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.AssomepsychologistsputitItisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.31.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists_______________.A.ababy’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperimentB.scientificresearchintobabies’gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy’splayisnothingmorethanagamE.32.WelearnfromParagraph2that________________A.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo[B.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.学scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferently33.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby______________A.exploringthephysicalworldB.repeatingtheirownexperimentsC.investigatinghumanpsychologyD.observingtheirparents’behaviors34.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofsciencE.35.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists’researchandbabies’play?A.Convincing.B.Cautious.C.Confident.D.ConfuseD.
ManypeoplerelyonacupofcoffeeortwotowakethemupinthemorningorpickthemupduringtheworkingdaybutnowachemisthascomeupwithaspeedyalternativetocraftingacupofcoffeE.U.S.biochemistBenYuhascreated`SprayableEnergy`whichclaimstobetheworld`sfirstcaffeine-basedtopicalenergyspray.Hesaidtiredworkerscanspraya`shot`ofcaffeineontotheirskinwithoutexperiencingastrongbuzzloadinguponunnecessarycaloriesorbeingstuckwithanastyaftertasteliketheymightgetfromdrinkingenergydrinksorcoffeE.Thepatent-pendingcaffeinesprayisanodourlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskinanddistributedthroughthebodyoveranumberofhourstodeliveracaffeinehitthatapparentlylastslongerthanguzzlingacupofcoffeE.EachsmallaluminumbottleofSprayableEnergycontainsaround160sprays-theequivalentamountofcaffeineto40cupsofcoffeeandthecreatorssayitisamuchcheaperwayofgettingacaffeinefixthanpoppingtoacafE.TheonlyactiveingredientinthesprayiscaffeinewhichcannaturallyenterthehumanbodythroughtheskinbypassingthroughcellmembranesasitisverysimilartonicotineinstructurE.EachspritzofSprayableEnergycontainsaroundaquarteroftheamountofcaffeinefoundinacupofcoffeebutapparentlyhasthesameeffectasafullcup.Thewebsitesaid:`Thereasonforthisisourproductnotbeingingestedisn`talmostentirelymetabolised新陈代谢bytheliverbeforeenteringyoursystemandbecomingavailabletoyourbody.``ThusasmalleramountofcaffeinecanhavejustthesameeffectasaverylargeamountofcaffeineingestedthroughanenergydrinkorcupofcoffeE.`c`swebsiterecommendsthatusersapplythesprayinplaceswheretheynormallyspritzperfumesuchastheneckorwristsbutwarnsusersnottoexceed20spraysaday.Itclaimsthataftersprayingtheproductontheskinuserswillfeel`awakeandfocusedwithoutbeingover-stimulated`whichiscommonwithcoffeeandenergydrinks.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutSprayableEnergyfromthepassage?_.A.AbottleofSprayableEnergyischeaperthan40cupsofcoffeE..B.SprayableEnergyletsusersnotworryabouttakinginunecessarycalories..C.SprayableEnergycanbeusedatleast20spraysadayD.Thecaffeinesprayisacolorlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskin..33.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytellus?_ASprayableEnergyistakenbymouth...B.BeforeSprayableEnergyisabsorbedbybodytheliverentirelymetabolizesitC.HowSprayableEnergyactsonuser’sbodyandhowusersusetheproduct.D.SprayableEnergyisconvenientbutexpensive.34.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatA.SprayableEnergycannotbepermittedtobeusedbypeoplenow.B.SprayableEnergyhasnotalreadygoneintomassproductionC.eachspritzofSprayableEnergyhasthesameeffectasafullcupofcoffeeD.SprayableEnergyiswellreceivedbyflaggingworkers.35.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsSprayableEnergyA.negativE.B.positiveC.uncertainD.indifferent
InSouthAfricaparagliding滑翔伞运动isoneofthemostpopularsportsaround.ParaglidinginSouthAfricaisadelightandattimesafrighteningchallengE.A.paraglidingisfirstlysomeonewhohasbeenwelltaughtintheskillofflying.Onceyouhavedonethe4-daycourseanddecidethatyouhavetherightmentalattitudeandthebasicphysicalrequirementsthemountainslopswaitforyou.Ifyouhavenevertriedbeforeyouaresuretolearnitinafewdaysbutsafetycomesfirst.StrangelytherelativelyflatKarooheartlandisoneofthebestareastoparaglidingin.ThetownofDeAarandKurumanintheNorthenCapeprovincearecenterofKarooparagliding.SouthAfricaparaglidersholdmorethan50%oftheworldrecordsinthissport---mostofthemsetintheKaroo.ButwhyareparagliderssocrazyabouttheKaroo?Thecloudbasethereissohighandthewindisproperandstable.Youcanglideforhoursgoingupashighas4000metersinthesky.Theyexplain.ForeignpilotswantingatasteofSouthAfrica’sparaglidingopportunitiescangetashort-timelicensE.Theycanholditforthreemonthsatmost.MedicalexaminationandinsuranceareneededbytheSouthAfricanHangGlidingandParaglidingAssociation.TheWesternCapehasmorethan60officialparaglidinglaunchandflightsites.UpnorthalongtheDrakensbergslopeyouwillseethebraveOne-WingdoingtheirthingdailyflyingintheskyortakingtheredgeliftridingawaveofwindasitclearsamountainslopE.24.Ifyouwanttolearnparaglidingyoumustbe_____.A.braveandhealthyB.calmanddelightedC.youngandcleverD.excitedandpowerful25.WhydoesKarooattractparaglidersfromallovertheworld?A.BecauseithasverybeautifulsceneryB.Becauseitiseasyforthemtogetlicenses.C.BecausetheconditionsandclimateareidealforparaglidingD.BecauseitiswellknownintheworlD.26.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.DeAaristheonlycenterofKarooparagliding.B.Peoplecangohighupintheskywhileparagliding.C.ParaglidingneedsskillsbutisverysafE.D.AlltheworldrecordsofparaglidingweresetinSouthAfrica27.ForeignpilotswhogotoparaglideinSouthAfrica____.A.needn’thaveamedicalexaminationB.willspendagreatdealofmoneyC.canstaytherefortwomonthsatmostD.mustholdashort-timelicense
Womenarefriendly.ButmenaremorecompetitivE.Why?Researchershavefoundit'salldowntothehormoneoxytocin荷尔蒙催生素.Althoughknownasthelovehormoneitaffectsthesexesdifferently.Womentendtobesocialintheirbehavior.Theyoftensharewithothers.ButmenlendtobecompetitivE.TheyaretryingtoimprovetheirsocialstatussaidProfessorRyan.Generallypeoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractions互动suchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.Furtherresearchesshowedthatinmenthehormoneoxytocinimprovestheabilitytorecognizecompetitiverelationshipsbutinwomenitraisestheabilitytorecognizefriendship.ProfessorRyan'srecentexperimentused62menandwomenaged20to37.Halfoftheparticipants参与者receivedoxytocin.Theotherhalfreceivedplacebo安慰剂.Afteraweekthetwogroupsswitchedwithparticipants.Theywentthroughthesameprocedurewiththeothermaterial.Followingeachtreatmenttheywereshownsomevideopictureswithdifferentsocialinteractions.Thentheywereaskedtoanalyzetherelationshipsbyansweringsomequestions.Thequestionswereabouttellingfriendshipfromcompetition.Andtheiranswersshouldbebasedongesturesbodylanguageandfacialexpressions.Theresultsindicatedthataftertreatmentwithoxytocinmen'sabilitytocorrectlyrecognizecompetitiverelationshipsimprovedbutinwomenitwastheabilitytocorrectlyrecognizefriendshipthatgotbetter.ProfessorRyanthusconcluded:Ourexperimentprovesthatthehormoneoxytocincanraisepeople'sabilitiestobetterdistinguishdifferentsocialinteractions.Andthebehaviordifferencesbetweenmenandwomenarecausedbybiologicalfactors因素thataremainlyhormonal.25.Whatcausesmenandwomentobehavedifferentlyaccordingtothetext?A.Placebo.B.Oxytocin.C.ThegesturE.D.Thesocialstatus.26.WhatcanwelearnfromProfessorRyan'spreviousexperiment?A.Oxytocinaffectsourbehaviorinadifferentway.B.OurbodyletsoutoxytocinwhenwearedeepinlovE.C.Ourbodyproducesoxytocinwhenwefeelunhappyaboutothers'success.D.Oxytocinimprovesourabilitiestounderstandpeople'sbehaviordifferences.27.WhydidProfessorRyanconducttherecentexperiment?A.Totesttheeffectofoxytocinontheabilitytorecognizesocialinteractions.B.Toknowthedifferencesbetweenfriendshipandcompetition.C.Toknowpeople'sdifferentabilitiestoanswerquestions.D.Totestpeople'sunderstandingofbodylanguagE.28.Theauthordevelopsthetextby.A.explainingpeople'sbehaviorsB.describinghisownexperiencesC.distinguishingsexualdifferencesD.discussingresearchexperiments
AjointresearchprojectbyresearchersfromseveralBritishuniversitiesandinstituteshasattractedpeople’sattentiontothetoothbrushagain.Researchershavefoundthatyourtoothbrushishometomorethan100millionbacteriA.Buttherearehundredsofmicroorganismsinthemouthsandyourtoothbrushprobablywon’tmakeyousickunlessthereisanunhealthybalanceofbacteriA.Ourimmunesystemcanusuallytakecareofbacterialinvaders.Howeverifothersuseyourtoothbrushoryouusesomeoneelse’sbacteriacanbespreaD.Theyhavealsofoundthetoothbrushholdersarethethird-mostdirtyhouseholditemsbehinddishspongesandkitchensinksthusadvocatingcleaningthetoothbrushholderregularly.Thestorageofyourtoothbrushinyourbathroomisalsoimportant.Herearesomestoragetipsfromtheresearcherstokeepyourtoothbrushashealthyaspossible:²Putyourtoothbrushasfarawayaspossiblefromthetoiletflushing.²Letyourtoothbrushdrythoroughlybetweenbrushings.²Don’tusetoothbrushcoverswhichcancreateaperfectbreedinggroundforbacteriA.²Keepyourtoothbrushuprightinaholderratherthanlyingdown.²KeeptoothbrushesseparatE.IftoothbrushestouchtheycanexchangeandspreadbacteriA.Thereareproductsavailablethatclaimtosanitize消毒yourtoothbrush.Whilesomeoftheseproductsdokillsomebacteriathereisnoevidencethatusingthemwillreduceyourriskofillnessaccordingtotheresearchers.Theyrecommendreplacingyourtoothbrusheverythreetofourmonthsormoreoftenifyouaresickorifyouhaveaweakenedimmunesystem.Children’stoothbrushesmayneedtobereplacedmoreoftenthanadultbrushes.29.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout__________.A.theirheathB.theirhouseC.theirmoneyD.theirdiets30.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodointhetext?A.Havethetoothbrushdrypartlybetweenbrushings.B.KeepthetoothbrushlyingdownaftertheusE.C.Cleanyourtoothbrushholderregularly.D.KeepthetoothbrushcoveredaftertheusE.31.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Productsofsanitizingthetoothbrushareofnouseatall.B.Adultsneedtoreplacetoothbrushesmoreoftenthanchildren.C.Sharingyourtoothbrushwithothersmaybeharmfultoyourhealth.D.YourtoothbrushwillprobablymakeyousickifthereisahealthybalanceofbacteriA.32.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoUseYourToothbrushProperly?B.HowtoStoreYourToothbrushHealthily?C.HowtoCleanYourToothbrushCorrectly?D.HowtoReplaceYourToothbrushEconomically?
BeforeIstudiedpsychologyIusedtothinkthatpeoplewouldlaughwhenfunnythingsoccurreD.WhileIwasrightaboutthatIdiscoveredtherearelotsofotherpsychologicalfactorsthatmakepeoplelaughotherthanthefunnypartofajokE.Whensomeonelaughsatajoketherewillusuallybemorethanonereasonthatmakeshimlaugh—andthemorereasonstherearethemorepowerfulthejokewillbE.Iwasattendingastand-upcomedyshowinEgyptandwhenthemanstartedtomakefunofpedestrianscrossingstreetseveryonelaughedtheirheartsout.Themainreasonthosepeoplestronglylaughedwasthatalmostallofthemfeltangrytowardspedestrianswhocrossedstreetscarelessly.Thejokewasn’tonlyfunnyitalsomadetheaudiencefeelthattheywererightaboutbeingangryatthosepedestrians.Thatispeoplewerelaughingbothbecauseofthefunnyjokeandbecauseofthehappinessexperiencedasaresultofthepsychologicalsupporttheygot.Thebetterajokemakesapersonfeelandthemoreitincludesotherpsychologicalfactorsthemorethepersonwilllikeit.Forexampleifyouenvyoneofyourfriendsandsomeonetellsajokethatisfunnyandatthesametimemakesyourfriendseemstupidthenyouwillprobablylaughatitlouderthanifyouweren’tjealousofhim.Inshortwedon’tlaughonlywhenwehearsomethingfunny;wealsolaughwhenweexperiencesomekindofhappinessthatresultsfromtheotherpsychologicalfactorsinvolvedinthejokE.Istronglydiscouragemakingfunofanyoneorbelittlingsomeonetomakesomeoneelselaugh.AllIwanttoexplainisthatifyourjokesupportsaperson’semotionshewillcertainlylikeitalot.32.Whatdidtheauthorfindoutafterstudyingpsychology?A.OnlygoodjokesmakepeoplelaughB.Manyfactorsleadtopeoplelaughing.C.FunnythingscanmakepeoplelaughD.Laughtercanmakepeoplehealthy.33.Whydidtheaudiencelaughloudatthepedestrians?A.Theyplayedatrickonthepedestrians.B.Thepedestriansbehavedinafunnyway.C.Theycouldfeelthepedestrians’happiness.D.Theiremotionwasapprovedofbytheshow.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordbelittlingprobablymean?A.AnnoyB.BlameC.LookdownonD.Makeupto35.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
AteamofGermanresearchersledbyRaulRojasaprofessorattheFreeUniversityBerlinhavecreatedacarthatcanbedrivenentirelybyhumanthoughts.ThecarwhichhasbeengiventhenameBrainDriverwasshownofftotheworldinavideothatshowedthethought-powereddrivingsystemonatriptotheairport.TheBrainDrivertechnologyworksbyequippingacarwithvideocamerasradarsandlasersensors激光传感器togiveitafull3Dpictureofitssurroundings.ThedriverthenputsonaspecialheadphonesapieceofequipmentthatyouwearoveryourearstolistentotheradiomusicetC.with16sensorsonit.Thesesensorstransformbioelectricbrainwavesintocommandsreadbyacomputer-controlledvehiclE.Forthistoworkthetestsubjectmustfirsttrainthecomputertoreactcorrectlytocommands.Theydothisbythinkingofanindividualsituationforoneoffourcommands-stopstartleftandright.Thecarisonlyinthetheoreticalperiodatpresent.13.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdoesthenewthought-poweredcarwork?B.Howtodrivethenewthought-poweredcar?C.Howdosensorstransformbrainwavesintocommands?D.Howtotrainacomputertoreactcorrectlytocommands?14.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordheadphonesinthesecondparagraph?A.头盔B.头套C.头带式电话D.头带式耳机15.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thecarcangototheairportitself.B.Thecarhasbrainslikehumanbeings.C.Thecarhasn’tbeenproducedyetforthemoment.D.RaulRojasdrovethecaronatriptotheairport.
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