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[A] Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying ...
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330MW机组锅炉OFT跳闸的条件
NortonAntiVirus中文解释是杀毒软件
金山
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目前国内常见的计算机防杀病毒软件有KV2005瑞星杀毒软件NortonAntiVirus金山毒霸
TheMyDoomviruscouldpresageagenerationofcomputeratt
an organization of gangs
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OFT动作结果是什么
不是杀毒软件
Symantec Antivirus
PowerPoint 2003
Kill 3000
瑞星
OFT跳闸条件为手动OFT燃油快关阀关闭燃油温度低MFT跳闸
循环流化床锅炉OFT动作有哪些条件
OFT复位的条件 __________
锅炉油燃料OFT跳闸条件有哪些
燃油压力低于多少引起OFT
OFT是
下列为油点火许可条件
MFT已复位
OFT已复位
火检冷却风压正常
海运运费的附加费种类有
BAF
OFT
CAF
PSS
DDC
Nortonantivirus是软件
文档管理软件
字处理软件
系统软件
病毒防治软件
目前国内常见的计算机防杀病毒软件有KV2005瑞星杀毒软件NortonAntiVirus金山毒霸
下列软件中具有压缩和解压功能的软件是
winRAR
windows2000
Office2000
Norton AntiVirus
A．seven B．often C．innocent D．president
Asanimportantphaseinsoftwaredevelopmentsoftwaredes
Ⅰand Ⅱ
Ⅱand Ⅲ
Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ
All
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AmandatorytraceabilitysystemintheUnitedStateswouldhelpimprovethesafetyoffoodsuchasproduceahealthofficialtoldlawmakersonWednesdayandthreeweeksafterthegovernmentdeclaredanendtotheworstfoodborneoutbreakinadecade.Inthepastsomeproducefirmsincludingmanyinthetomatoindustryusevoluntarytraceabilityprogramsbuttheirapproachesvary.LawmakerssaidamandatoryprogramwasoverdueandwouldhelpU.S.regulatorsimprovesafetyandrestoreconsumerconfidenceinfoodfollowingaseriesoffoodborneoutbreakssince2006.ItisthesystemthatisbrokensaidRep.RosaDeLaurochairoftheHouseAppropriationssubcommitteeonagriculture.Youstilldonothavemandatorytraceabilitymandatoryperformancestandards.Youarelookingforaneedleinahaystack.RegulatorsstruggledtopinpointthesourceofanoutbreakofSalmonellaSt.Paulearlierthisyearthatsickenedmorethan1400peopleandput286inthehospital.Theyinitiallyfocusedontomatoesbeforeshiftingtheirattentiontopeppers.TheslowpaceoftheinvestigationwhichlatertracedtheSalmonellastraintojalapenoandserranopeppersfromMexicohasrenewedcallsforgreatermonitoringoffreshfruitsandvegetablesandanationalsystemtotrackproduce.TheBioterrorismActof2002requiresproduceprocessorsanddistributorstokeeptrackofwherefoodgoesandwhereitcamefrom.Thisdoesnotincluderestaurantsandfarms.WearegoingclownaroadofexaminingwhatisgoingtoworksaidDavidAchesontheFoodandDrugAdministration’sassociatecommissionerforfoodprotection.Hetoldthesubcommitteeamandatoryprogramwouldhaveanimpact.AchesonsaidFDAdoesnotbelieveithasexplicitauthoritytomandateatrackingsystem.TheSalmonellaoutbreakwasthelatesthealthscaresince2006.TheincidentsinvolvinglettucepeanutbutterpotpiesandspinachhaveresultedindozensofhearingsandproposalsseekingtougherU.S.safetystandards.ThelatestproposalwhichDeLauroplanstointroducenextweekwouldcreateaseparatesafetyagencywithintheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicestohandleallfoodsafetyissuescurrentlyadministeredbyFDAInabriefingonfoodissuestheGroceryManufacturersAssociationwhichincludesleadingcompaniessuchasGeneralMillsIncandConAgraFoodsIncexpresseddoubtthatfoodsafetylegislationwouldbepassedthisyear.Prospectsdimfurthernextyearwithanewadministrationpursuingitsownagendaandcongressdealingwithotherissuesincludinghealthcareandtransportation.ThismaybeouronlywindowforsomeperiodoftimetoactuallyenacttheseimportantreformssaidScottFaberavicepresidentattheGroceryManufacturers.Anestimated76millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesgetsickeveryyearwithfoodborneillnessand5000dieaccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.WhatdoesDavidAchesonthinkaboutthemandatoryprogram
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 11
Thebiggestdemonstrationinagenerationisbeingassembledbymobilizingthepowerofthewebwhichallowsanti-wargroupstorallymultitudesattheclickofamouse.Cornishspeakersforpeacecanshareideasbye-mailwithRhodesScholarsAgainsttheWarwhiletakingintoaccountthesensitivitiesoftheYoungMuslimSisters.Footsoreban-the-bombveteranssuchasTonyMyersoftheCampaignforNuclearDisarmamentbusilypreparingyesterdayforthemassprotestcanonlymarvelatthepowerofthenet.It’smadeamassivedifferencehesaid.Backinthe1980swhenweweretryingtoorganizehugedemositwasallaboutgoingtomeetingsandsendingmailtoregionalpeople.Iwasavolunteerbeforethe1983demonstrationwhichattracted400000marchers.Theofficewasjustawashwithpeopleprintingthingsonoldduplicators.Peopletodayfeelmoreliketheyarepartofabigmovement.Inthe1980swewouldreadaboutdemosallovertheworldafewdayslaterinthenewspapers.Nowyouknowallthedetailsinadvanceifyouareonthee-maillist.TheStoptheWarCoalitionneedsonlyahandfulofheadquartersstaffbecausethewebsiteisavirtualcampaigngroupinitselfcompletewithbriefingsnewsaddressesandartwork.Children’ssuperiormasteryoftheinternetisreflectedintheproliferationofyouthgroupsopposingwar.TheWoodcraftFolkasortofpacifistversionoftheScoutsannouncethattheywillbebringinganorangeparachuteonthemarch.TheEngels-MarxCommunistPartysloganResistandRevoltisagroupofpupilsataLeicestercomprehensiveschoolopposingthewar.TheentirecountryiscoveredfromtheAberdeenStudentsAgainstWarSocietytoTorbayStoptheWargroup.Anti-warcampaignersputleafletsmapspostersandpetitionsontheirwebsitesforsupporterstoprintstickintheirwindoworhandoutatthemarch.StoptheWarCoalitionincludesadirect-debitformwhichsupporterscandownloadandsendtotheirbankmanagertomakedonations.Messageboardsarefilledwithanti-warprotestersarguingtheircase.TheissueisbeingexploitedbytheBritishNationalPartywhichhaspostedaself-servingpressreleaseproclaimingsupportforthemarchbecauseoftheirconcernsoverthepoweroftheIsraelilobby.Anti-warindividualshavebeene-mailingfriendswithsongsforthemarchonetothetuneofIfYou’reHappyandYouKnowIt.Theinternetwascreatedinthe1960spartlybytheAdvancedResearchProjectAgencyoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Itiswidelysaidtohavebeencreatedinordertosendmilitarymessagesafteranatomicwar.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 15
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 1
AmandatorytraceabilitysystemintheUnitedStateswouldhelpimprovethesafetyoffoodsuchasproduceahealthofficialtoldlawmakersonWednesdayandthreeweeksafterthegovernmentdeclaredanendtotheworstfoodborneoutbreakinadecade.Inthepastsomeproducefirmsincludingmanyinthetomatoindustryusevoluntarytraceabilityprogramsbuttheirapproachesvary.LawmakerssaidamandatoryprogramwasoverdueandwouldhelpU.S.regulatorsimprovesafetyandrestoreconsumerconfidenceinfoodfollowingaseriesoffoodborneoutbreakssince2006.ItisthesystemthatisbrokensaidRep.RosaDeLaurochairoftheHouseAppropriationssubcommitteeonagriculture.Youstilldonothavemandatorytraceabilitymandatoryperformancestandards.Youarelookingforaneedleinahaystack.RegulatorsstruggledtopinpointthesourceofanoutbreakofSalmonellaSt.Paulearlierthisyearthatsickenedmorethan1400peopleandput286inthehospital.Theyinitiallyfocusedontomatoesbeforeshiftingtheirattentiontopeppers.TheslowpaceoftheinvestigationwhichlatertracedtheSalmonellastraintojalapenoandserranopeppersfromMexicohasrenewedcallsforgreatermonitoringoffreshfruitsandvegetablesandanationalsystemtotrackproduce.TheBioterrorismActof2002requiresproduceprocessorsanddistributorstokeeptrackofwherefoodgoesandwhereitcamefrom.Thisdoesnotincluderestaurantsandfarms.WearegoingclownaroadofexaminingwhatisgoingtoworksaidDavidAchesontheFoodandDrugAdministration’sassociatecommissionerforfoodprotection.Hetoldthesubcommitteeamandatoryprogramwouldhaveanimpact.AchesonsaidFDAdoesnotbelieveithasexplicitauthoritytomandateatrackingsystem.TheSalmonellaoutbreakwasthelatesthealthscaresince2006.TheincidentsinvolvinglettucepeanutbutterpotpiesandspinachhaveresultedindozensofhearingsandproposalsseekingtougherU.S.safetystandards.ThelatestproposalwhichDeLauroplanstointroducenextweekwouldcreateaseparatesafetyagencywithintheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicestohandleallfoodsafetyissuescurrentlyadministeredbyFDAInabriefingonfoodissuestheGroceryManufacturersAssociationwhichincludesleadingcompaniessuchasGeneralMillsIncandConAgraFoodsIncexpresseddoubtthatfoodsafetylegislationwouldbepassedthisyear.Prospectsdimfurthernextyearwithanewadministrationpursuingitsownagendaandcongressdealingwithotherissuesincludinghealthcareandtransportation.ThismaybeouronlywindowforsomeperiodoftimetoactuallyenacttheseimportantreformssaidScottFaberavicepresidentattheGroceryManufacturers.Anestimated76millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesgetsickeveryyearwithfoodborneillnessand5000dieaccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Whatdothelawmakersthinkaboutthemandatoryprogrammentioned
Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 41
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 7
Directions: Yougettheinformationfromthenewspaperthat××companyisemployinganEnglishinterpreter.Youshouldwriteanletterforthejob.Yourpersonalinformationisasfollows: 1Age30;height1.80m;healthconditionwell;hobbiesswimmingsingingdancing. 2Resume:graduatedfromPekingUniversityin1994workedinNantongMiddleSchool. 3Specialty:goodatEnglishespeciallyspokenEnglishtranslatedmanyChinesebooksintoEnglishunderstandJapanese. Tel:3654731 Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.
Thebiggestdemonstrationinagenerationisbeingassembledbymobilizingthepowerofthewebwhichallowsanti-wargroupstorallymultitudesattheclickofamouse.Cornishspeakersforpeacecanshareideasbye-mailwithRhodesScholarsAgainsttheWarwhiletakingintoaccountthesensitivitiesoftheYoungMuslimSisters.Footsoreban-the-bombveteranssuchasTonyMyersoftheCampaignforNuclearDisarmamentbusilypreparingyesterdayforthemassprotestcanonlymarvelatthepowerofthenet.It’smadeamassivedifferencehesaid.Backinthe1980swhenweweretryingtoorganizehugedemositwasallaboutgoingtomeetingsandsendingmailtoregionalpeople.Iwasavolunteerbeforethe1983demonstrationwhichattracted400000marchers.Theofficewasjustawashwithpeopleprintingthingsonoldduplicators.Peopletodayfeelmoreliketheyarepartofabigmovement.Inthe1980swewouldreadaboutdemosallovertheworldafewdayslaterinthenewspapers.Nowyouknowallthedetailsinadvanceifyouareonthee-maillist.TheStoptheWarCoalitionneedsonlyahandfulofheadquartersstaffbecausethewebsiteisavirtualcampaigngroupinitselfcompletewithbriefingsnewsaddressesandartwork.Children’ssuperiormasteryoftheinternetisreflectedintheproliferationofyouthgroupsopposingwar.TheWoodcraftFolkasortofpacifistversionoftheScoutsannouncethattheywillbebringinganorangeparachuteonthemarch.TheEngels-MarxCommunistPartysloganResistandRevoltisagroupofpupilsataLeicestercomprehensiveschoolopposingthewar.TheentirecountryiscoveredfromtheAberdeenStudentsAgainstWarSocietytoTorbayStoptheWargroup.Anti-warcampaignersputleafletsmapspostersandpetitionsontheirwebsitesforsupporterstoprintstickintheirwindoworhandoutatthemarch.StoptheWarCoalitionincludesadirect-debitformwhichsupporterscandownloadandsendtotheirbankmanagertomakedonations.Messageboardsarefilledwithanti-warprotestersarguingtheircase.TheissueisbeingexploitedbytheBritishNationalPartywhichhaspostedaself-servingpressreleaseproclaimingsupportforthemarchbecauseoftheirconcernsoverthepoweroftheIsraelilobby.Anti-warindividualshavebeene-mailingfriendswithsongsforthemarchonetothetuneofIfYou’reHappyandYouKnowIt.Theinternetwascreatedinthe1960spartlybytheAdvancedResearchProjectAgencyoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Itiswidelysaidtohavebeencreatedinordertosendmilitarymessagesafteranatomicwar.Theexampleinthefirstparagraphisusedtoshowthedemonstrators______.
Sportpsychologyresearchhasdocumentedtheimportantroteofsignificantadultssuchasparentsandcoachesinyouthparticipants’psychosocialdevelopmentandachievementmotivation.Howeverthesituationconcerningparentsandcoachesinyouthsportissomewhatofaconundrum—therolesofcoachandparentareoftensynonymoussuggestingnotsimplyanindependentrelationshipwiththechildparticipant.Inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofliteraturehasemergedonparentinfluenceinyouthsportbasedontheseandothertheories.Firstresearchshowsthatparentswhoaremoresupportiveandlesspressuringoftheirchildrenareassociatedwithyouthparticipantswhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceenjoymentandintrinsicmotivationtowardsport.Secondparentswhoencouragetheirchild’sparticipationandexhibitenjoymentofphysicalactivityarerelatedtochildrenwhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceandattractiontowardphysicalactivity.Finallyparentswhoholdstrongerpositivebeliefsabouttheirchild’sphysicalcompetenceareassociatedwithchildrenwhoreporthigherself-perceptionsvaluetowardsportandphysicalactivitylevels.AprevalentphenomenonofNorthAmericancultureistheparent-coachdualrole.Mostcoachesincompetitiveyouthsportareparentsofoneormoreoftheirplayers.Brownestimatedthatabout90%ofthevolunteercoachesinagivencommunityareaparentofoneormoreteammembers.Althoughonecanforwardseveralpositiveaspectsoftheparent-coachphenomenonthereisalsothepotentialforyouthtoperceivestressfromthisparent-childrelationship.Severalresearchersreportedthatadolescentathletesfeltpressurefromtheircoachesandparentstoperformwellanddesiredthatparentsbesourcesofsocialsupportandleaveskillandstrategyinstructiontothecoach’sdomain.Collectivelyanecdotalaccountsandempiricaldatasuggestthatexploringthebenefitsandcostsofparentscoachingtheirchildrenisaworthytopicfromboththeoreticalandappliedperspectives.Thereforebasedonpreviousresearchontheroleofparentsandcoachesinyouthdevelopmentthepurposeofthepresentstudywastogainknowledgeabouttheparent-coachphenomenonincompetitiveyouthsport.Weaccomplishedthispurposebyinterviewingyouthsoccerplayerswhowerecoachedbytheirparentthechild’steammatesandtheparent-coach.Weexpectthatchildparticipantswouldidentifybothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofhavingaparentastheircoachinlinewithpreviousresearchbutweweremostcurioustoknowifdifferentissueswouldberaisedabouttheuniqueparent-coach/child-athleterelationship.Whataretheresearchersmostinterestedtoknowaboutintheircurrentstudy
Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 43
Workhardandgetahead.That’swhateveryAmericanlearnsgrowingupbutformillionsofthemit’sgettinghardertotellthedifferencebetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkaholic.Thelinehappenswhenyoucomehomeonedayandyourhusbandisn’tthereandyoudidn’trealizeheleftyouaweekagoStephenViscusisaid.ViscusiisCEOoftheViscusiGroup.Theactualreasonsforbecomingaworkaholicarequitevaried.Itmightinvolveaneedinsomeonetoalwaysstayastepaheadoftheirco-workersoranyoneelsetheyperceiveasacompetitivethreat.Itcouldbeadesiretoneverleavetheofficeatnightwithouttyingupanylooseendssuchasreturninganemailwritingamemoorgettingapackageout.Itmightbeasingle-mindedcommitmenttobeingsuccessfulgainingpromotionafterpromotionnomatterwhatthecost.WorkaholicsAnonymous—afellowshipofindividualswhosharetheirexperiencestrengthandhopewitheachotherthattheymaysolvetheircommonproblemsandhelpotherstorecoverfromworkholism—lists20questionstoaskyourselfifyouthinkyoumaybeaworkaholicincludingwhetheryougetmoreexcitedaboutworkthananythingelseandworkmorethan40hoursperweek.viscusisaidagoodindicationthatyou’reaworkaholicisifyouareconstantlyelectronicallyconnectedtotheofficewhetherbycellphoneBlackBerryorlaptop.Workaholism’seffectsonthefamilycanbedevastatingViscusisaidwiththeconsequenceseventuallymanifestingthemselvesastheywouldwithanyotheraddictioninbrokenmarriagesandbrokenhomes.BrianRobinsonaprofessorattheUniversityofNorthCarolinatold20/20in1999thatchildrenofworkaholicsdevelopedthesamedisordersaschildrenofalcoholicssuchasdepressionandanxietythatcrippledthemlaterinlife.Viscusiofferedthefollowingtipsforworkaholicstryingtomakeachange.Don’ttakeoneveryproject.Don’tsayyestoeveryone.LearntheartofsayingIcan’thandleanymore.Alsodoesn’titseemlikeexerciseisgoodforeverythingItisrecommendedaspartofeveryself-helpregime—wellthisisnodifference.Exerciseandyogahelpyouandit’sthehardestplacetogetanyworkdone.Nocellphonesallowed!Similartoahobbydoingsomethingwithoutaskingforanypaymentinreturnletsyoufocusonsomethingotherthanworkoryourjob.Itcangiveyouadifferentperspectiveandadifferentwaytomeetnewpeople.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheeffectsofworkaholiconfamilies
[A]Itisalsousedtohelpstudentsgaintransitionskills:Studentswithautismordevelopmentaldelay canvisitavirtualsupermarkettakepublictransportationcrossthestreetororganizehis orherday.Studentsinwheelchairscanlearnhowtonavigatebuildings.Andthebeautyisthesestudentscanmakeanynumberofmistakeswithoutendangeringthemselves. [B]Forexamplevirtualrealityhasbeenusedeffectivelytoassessstudents’depthperceptionwiththeresultsbeingquitedifferentfromthoseobtainedfromtraditionalpaperandpenciltests. [C]Thenwegraduallybeginshrinkingthesignandaddingotherenvironmentalelements.Oncethestudenthasmasteredthisvirtuallyheorshetransferstheknowledgetotherealworld.Intheendthisisthemostimportantfunctionofvirtualrealityprogramsforspecialstudents. [D]Virtualrealityevenallowsustotailortheworldtomeetachild’sneeds.Let’ssaywe’reteachingachildtocrossthestreetbypayingattentiontotrafficsigns.Educatorshavefoundthatitisoftendifficultforthechildtolocatethetrafficsigninabusyenvironment.Withvirtualrealitywecanblowupthe"walksign"sothestudentknowswhatitlookslike. [E]Anditisexpectedthatfutureteacherswillbeexposedtovirtualclassescompletewith"difficultstudents"tohelpthemmasterbehaviormanagementtechniques. [F]Infactoneofthebiggestvirtuesofvirtualrealityisthatitallowsstudentstolearninasafeenvironmentandthisholdstrueforstudentswithbehaviordisorders.Afterastudenthaslearnedanappropriatebehaviororwayofcontrollinghisorherangerthestudentisputinprogressivelymoredifficultvirtualsocialsituationswhereheorshecanpracticethenewtechnique.[ G]Someoftoday’smostcutting-edgetechnologyisnowbeingusedtohelpstudentswithspecialneeds.Nolongerjusttheprovinceofgamesfor"videoneeds"virtualrealityhascomeintoitsownasatoolforspecialeducationteachersandtherapists.AssuchitisusedforassessmentteachingandpracticeaccordingtoSkipRizzoresearchassistant/professorattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia. 41
Sportpsychologyresearchhasdocumentedtheimportantroteofsignificantadultssuchasparentsandcoachesinyouthparticipants’psychosocialdevelopmentandachievementmotivation.Howeverthesituationconcerningparentsandcoachesinyouthsportissomewhatofaconundrum—therolesofcoachandparentareoftensynonymoussuggestingnotsimplyanindependentrelationshipwiththechildparticipant.Inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofliteraturehasemergedonparentinfluenceinyouthsportbasedontheseandothertheories.Firstresearchshowsthatparentswhoaremoresupportiveandlesspressuringoftheirchildrenareassociatedwithyouthparticipantswhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceenjoymentandintrinsicmotivationtowardsport.Secondparentswhoencouragetheirchild’sparticipationandexhibitenjoymentofphysicalactivityarerelatedtochildrenwhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceandattractiontowardphysicalactivity.Finallyparentswhoholdstrongerpositivebeliefsabouttheirchild’sphysicalcompetenceareassociatedwithchildrenwhoreporthigherself-perceptionsvaluetowardsportandphysicalactivitylevels.AprevalentphenomenonofNorthAmericancultureistheparent-coachdualrole.Mostcoachesincompetitiveyouthsportareparentsofoneormoreoftheirplayers.Brownestimatedthatabout90%ofthevolunteercoachesinagivencommunityareaparentofoneormoreteammembers.Althoughonecanforwardseveralpositiveaspectsoftheparent-coachphenomenonthereisalsothepotentialforyouthtoperceivestressfromthisparent-childrelationship.Severalresearchersreportedthatadolescentathletesfeltpressurefromtheircoachesandparentstoperformwellanddesiredthatparentsbesourcesofsocialsupportandleaveskillandstrategyinstructiontothecoach’sdomain.Collectivelyanecdotalaccountsandempiricaldatasuggestthatexploringthebenefitsandcostsofparentscoachingtheirchildrenisaworthytopicfromboththeoreticalandappliedperspectives.Thereforebasedonpreviousresearchontheroleofparentsandcoachesinyouthdevelopmentthepurposeofthepresentstudywastogainknowledgeabouttheparent-coachphenomenonincompetitiveyouthsport.Weaccomplishedthispurposebyinterviewingyouthsoccerplayerswhowerecoachedbytheirparentthechild’steammatesandtheparent-coach.Weexpectthatchildparticipantswouldidentifybothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofhavingaparentastheircoachinlinewithpreviousresearchbutweweremostcurioustoknowifdifferentissueswouldberaisedabouttheuniqueparent-coach/child-athleterelationship.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2
[A]Itisalsousedtohelpstudentsgaintransitionskills:Studentswithautismordevelopmentaldelay canvisitavirtualsupermarkettakepublictransportationcrossthestreetororganizehis orherday.Studentsinwheelchairscanlearnhowtonavigatebuildings.Andthebeautyisthesestudentscanmakeanynumberofmistakeswithoutendangeringthemselves. [B]Forexamplevirtualrealityhasbeenusedeffectivelytoassessstudents’depthperceptionwiththeresultsbeingquitedifferentfromthoseobtainedfromtraditionalpaperandpenciltests. [C]Thenwegraduallybeginshrinkingthesignandaddingotherenvironmentalelements.Oncethestudenthasmasteredthisvirtuallyheorshetransferstheknowledgetotherealworld.Intheendthisisthemostimportantfunctionofvirtualrealityprogramsforspecialstudents. [D]Virtualrealityevenallowsustotailortheworldtomeetachild’sneeds.Let’ssaywe’reteachingachildtocrossthestreetbypayingattentiontotrafficsigns.Educatorshavefoundthatitisoftendifficultforthechildtolocatethetrafficsigninabusyenvironment.Withvirtualrealitywecanblowupthe"walksign"sothestudentknowswhatitlookslike. [E]Anditisexpectedthatfutureteacherswillbeexposedtovirtualclassescompletewith"difficultstudents"tohelpthemmasterbehaviormanagementtechniques. [F]Infactoneofthebiggestvirtuesofvirtualrealityisthatitallowsstudentstolearninasafeenvironmentandthisholdstrueforstudentswithbehaviordisorders.Afterastudenthaslearnedanappropriatebehaviororwayofcontrollinghisorherangerthestudentisputinprogressivelymoredifficultvirtualsocialsituationswhereheorshecanpracticethenewtechnique.[ G]Someoftoday’smostcutting-edgetechnologyisnowbeingusedtohelpstudentswithspecialneeds.Nolongerjusttheprovinceofgamesfor"videoneeds"virtualrealityhascomeintoitsownasatoolforspecialeducationteachersandtherapists.AssuchitisusedforassessmentteachingandpracticeaccordingtoSkipRizzoresearchassistant/professorattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia. 43
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 9
Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworld’sbusinessesinstitutionsandindividuals.46TheInternetwhichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworkslinkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwordsimagesandsounds. TheInternethasinformationoneverytopic.47Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternet’strafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailore-mail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceivee-mail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnewsjoiningelectronicdebatesandplayingelectronicgames.48OnefeatureoftheInternetknownastheWorldWideWebprovidesgraphicsaudioandvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics. PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiber-opticcables49Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires. Inthefuturetheinternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.50ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetworkstillunderdevelopmentwouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompaniescabletelevisionstationsandothercommunicationsystems.PeoplecouldbankshopwatchTVandperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork. Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires.
IfmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenusitmayexplainatleastoneoftheirsharedbeliefs:Menandwomencan’tberealfriends.Manymaypointtothejealousythatplaguesmanyrationalpeoplewhenasignificantotherbefriendssomeoneoftheoppositesex.Boilitdowntotheinherentdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Itjustcan’tbedone.IsitrightWrongsayrelationshipexperts.Thebeliefthatmenandwomencan’tbefriendscomesfromanothererainwhichwomenwereathomeandmenwereintheworkplaceandtheonlywaytheycouldgettogetherwasforromanceexplainsLindaSapadinPh.[D]apsychologistinprivatepracticeinValleyStreamNewYork.Nowtheyworktogetherandhavesportsintereststogetherandsocializetogether.Thisculturalshiftisencouragingpsychologistssociologistsandcommunicationsexpertstoputforthanewmessage:thoughitmaybetrickymenandwomencansuccessfullybecomeclosefriends.What’smoretherearegoodreasonsforthemtodoso.Societyhaslongsingledoutromanceastheprototypicalmale-femalerelationshipbecauseitspawnsbabiesandkeepsthelifecyclegoing;cross-sexfriendshipasresearcherscallithasbeeneitherignoredortrivialized.Wehaverulesforhowtoactinromanticrelationshipsflirtdategetmarriedhavekidsandevensame-sexfriendshipsboysrelatebydoingactivitiestogethergirlsbytalkingandsharing.Buttherearesofewplatonicmale-femalefriendshipsondisplayinourculturethatwe’reatalosseventodefinetheserelationships.Acertain1989filmstarringMegRyanandBillyCrystalconvincedanationofmoviegoersthatromancealwayscomesbetweenmenandwomenmakingtruefriendshipimpossible.WhenHarryMetSallysetthepotentialformale-femalefriendshipbackabout25yearssaysMichaelMonsourPh.D.assistantprofessorofcommunicationsattheUniversityofColoradoatDenverandauthorofWomenandMenasFriends:RelationshipsacrosstheLifeSpaninthe21stCentury.Almosteverytimeyouseeamale-femalefriendshipitwindsupturningintoromance.In1989DonO’MearaPh.D.asociologyprofessorattheUniversityofCincinnati-RaymondWaltersCollegepublishedalandmarkstudyinthejournalSexRolesonthetopimpedimentstocross-sexfriendship.Amongseveralchallengeshepointedoutinhisresearchsocietymaynotbeentirelyreadyforfriendshipsbetweenmenandwomenthathavenosexualsubtext.Peoplewithclosefriendsoftheoppositesexareoftenbarragedwithnudgingwinkingandskepticism:AreyoureallyjustfriendsThisisespeciallytruesaysO’Mearaofolderadultswhogrewupwhenmenandwomenwereoff-limitstoeachotheruntilmarriage.Whichoneofthefollowingwouldbethebestsubtitleforthelastparagraph
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 5
IfmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenusitmayexplainatleastoneoftheirsharedbeliefs:Menandwomencan’tberealfriends.Manymaypointtothejealousythatplaguesmanyrationalpeoplewhenasignificantotherbefriendssomeoneoftheoppositesex.Boilitdowntotheinherentdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Itjustcan’tbedone.IsitrightWrongsayrelationshipexperts.Thebeliefthatmenandwomencan’tbefriendscomesfromanothererainwhichwomenwereathomeandmenwereintheworkplaceandtheonlywaytheycouldgettogetherwasforromanceexplainsLindaSapadinPh.[D]apsychologistinprivatepracticeinValleyStreamNewYork.Nowtheyworktogetherandhavesportsintereststogetherandsocializetogether.Thisculturalshiftisencouragingpsychologistssociologistsandcommunicationsexpertstoputforthanewmessage:thoughitmaybetrickymenandwomencansuccessfullybecomeclosefriends.What’smoretherearegoodreasonsforthemtodoso.Societyhaslongsingledoutromanceastheprototypicalmale-femalerelationshipbecauseitspawnsbabiesandkeepsthelifecyclegoing;cross-sexfriendshipasresearcherscallithasbeeneitherignoredortrivialized.Wehaverulesforhowtoactinromanticrelationshipsflirtdategetmarriedhavekidsandevensame-sexfriendshipsboysrelatebydoingactivitiestogethergirlsbytalkingandsharing.Buttherearesofewplatonicmale-femalefriendshipsondisplayinourculturethatwe’reatalosseventodefinetheserelationships.Acertain1989filmstarringMegRyanandBillyCrystalconvincedanationofmoviegoersthatromancealwayscomesbetweenmenandwomenmakingtruefriendshipimpossible.WhenHarryMetSallysetthepotentialformale-femalefriendshipbackabout25yearssaysMichaelMonsourPh.D.assistantprofessorofcommunicationsattheUniversityofColoradoatDenverandauthorofWomenandMenasFriends:RelationshipsacrosstheLifeSpaninthe21stCentury.Almosteverytimeyouseeamale-femalefriendshipitwindsupturningintoromance.In1989DonO’MearaPh.D.asociologyprofessorattheUniversityofCincinnati-RaymondWaltersCollegepublishedalandmarkstudyinthejournalSexRolesonthetopimpedimentstocross-sexfriendship.Amongseveralchallengeshepointedoutinhisresearchsocietymaynotbeentirelyreadyforfriendshipsbetweenmenandwomenthathavenosexualsubtext.Peoplewithclosefriendsoftheoppositesexareoftenbarragedwithnudgingwinkingandskepticism:AreyoureallyjustfriendsThisisespeciallytruesaysO’Mearaofolderadultswhogrewupwhenmenandwomenwereoff-limitstoeachotheruntilmarriage.Accordingtoparagraph3whyisitdifficultformenandwomentobecomejustfriends
Thebiggestdemonstrationinagenerationisbeingassembledbymobilizingthepowerofthewebwhichallowsanti-wargroupstorallymultitudesattheclickofamouse.Cornishspeakersforpeacecanshareideasbye-mailwithRhodesScholarsAgainsttheWarwhiletakingintoaccountthesensitivitiesoftheYoungMuslimSisters.Footsoreban-the-bombveteranssuchasTonyMyersoftheCampaignforNuclearDisarmamentbusilypreparingyesterdayforthemassprotestcanonlymarvelatthepowerofthenet.It’smadeamassivedifferencehesaid.Backinthe1980swhenweweretryingtoorganizehugedemositwasallaboutgoingtomeetingsandsendingmailtoregionalpeople.Iwasavolunteerbeforethe1983demonstrationwhichattracted400000marchers.Theofficewasjustawashwithpeopleprintingthingsonoldduplicators.Peopletodayfeelmoreliketheyarepartofabigmovement.Inthe1980swewouldreadaboutdemosallovertheworldafewdayslaterinthenewspapers.Nowyouknowallthedetailsinadvanceifyouareonthee-maillist.TheStoptheWarCoalitionneedsonlyahandfulofheadquartersstaffbecausethewebsiteisavirtualcampaigngroupinitselfcompletewithbriefingsnewsaddressesandartwork.Children’ssuperiormasteryoftheinternetisreflectedintheproliferationofyouthgroupsopposingwar.TheWoodcraftFolkasortofpacifistversionoftheScoutsannouncethattheywillbebringinganorangeparachuteonthemarch.TheEngels-MarxCommunistPartysloganResistandRevoltisagroupofpupilsataLeicestercomprehensiveschoolopposingthewar.TheentirecountryiscoveredfromtheAberdeenStudentsAgainstWarSocietytoTorbayStoptheWargroup.Anti-warcampaignersputleafletsmapspostersandpetitionsontheirwebsitesforsupporterstoprintstickintheirwindoworhandoutatthemarch.StoptheWarCoalitionincludesadirect-debitformwhichsupporterscandownloadandsendtotheirbankmanagertomakedonations.Messageboardsarefilledwithanti-warprotestersarguingtheircase.TheissueisbeingexploitedbytheBritishNationalPartywhichhaspostedaself-servingpressreleaseproclaimingsupportforthemarchbecauseoftheirconcernsoverthepoweroftheIsraelilobby.Anti-warindividualshavebeene-mailingfriendswithsongsforthemarchonetothetuneofIfYou’reHappyandYouKnowIt.Theinternetwascreatedinthe1960spartlybytheAdvancedResearchProjectAgencyoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Itiswidelysaidtohavebeencreatedinordertosendmilitarymessagesafteranatomicwar.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3
Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 45
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 19
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 3
Workhardandgetahead.That’swhateveryAmericanlearnsgrowingupbutformillionsofthemit’sgettinghardertotellthedifferencebetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkaholic.Thelinehappenswhenyoucomehomeonedayandyourhusbandisn’tthereandyoudidn’trealizeheleftyouaweekagoStephenViscusisaid.ViscusiisCEOoftheViscusiGroup.Theactualreasonsforbecomingaworkaholicarequitevaried.Itmightinvolveaneedinsomeonetoalwaysstayastepaheadoftheirco-workersoranyoneelsetheyperceiveasacompetitivethreat.Itcouldbeadesiretoneverleavetheofficeatnightwithouttyingupanylooseendssuchasreturninganemailwritingamemoorgettingapackageout.Itmightbeasingle-mindedcommitmenttobeingsuccessfulgainingpromotionafterpromotionnomatterwhatthecost.WorkaholicsAnonymous—afellowshipofindividualswhosharetheirexperiencestrengthandhopewitheachotherthattheymaysolvetheircommonproblemsandhelpotherstorecoverfromworkholism—lists20questionstoaskyourselfifyouthinkyoumaybeaworkaholicincludingwhetheryougetmoreexcitedaboutworkthananythingelseandworkmorethan40hoursperweek.viscusisaidagoodindicationthatyou’reaworkaholicisifyouareconstantlyelectronicallyconnectedtotheofficewhetherbycellphoneBlackBerryorlaptop.Workaholism’seffectsonthefamilycanbedevastatingViscusisaidwiththeconsequenceseventuallymanifestingthemselvesastheywouldwithanyotheraddictioninbrokenmarriagesandbrokenhomes.BrianRobinsonaprofessorattheUniversityofNorthCarolinatold20/20in1999thatchildrenofworkaholicsdevelopedthesamedisordersaschildrenofalcoholicssuchasdepressionandanxietythatcrippledthemlaterinlife.Viscusiofferedthefollowingtipsforworkaholicstryingtomakeachange.Don’ttakeoneveryproject.Don’tsayyestoeveryone.LearntheartofsayingIcan’thandleanymore.Alsodoesn’titseemlikeexerciseisgoodforeverythingItisrecommendedaspartofeveryself-helpregime—wellthisisnodifference.Exerciseandyogahelpyouandit’sthehardestplacetogetanyworkdone.Nocellphonesallowed!Similartoahobbydoingsomethingwithoutaskingforanypaymentinreturnletsyoufocusonsomethingotherthanworkoryourjob.Itcangiveyouadifferentperspectiveandadifferentwaytomeetnewpeople.WorkaholicsAnonymousismostlikelytobea______.
Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworld’sbusinessesinstitutionsandindividuals.46TheInternetwhichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworkslinkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwordsimagesandsounds. TheInternethasinformationoneverytopic.47Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternet’strafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailore-mail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceivee-mail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnewsjoiningelectronicdebatesandplayingelectronicgames.48OnefeatureoftheInternetknownastheWorldWideWebprovidesgraphicsaudioandvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics. PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiber-opticcables49Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires. Inthefuturetheinternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.50ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetworkstillunderdevelopmentwouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompaniescabletelevisionstationsandothercommunicationsystems.PeoplecouldbankshopwatchTVandperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork. Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronicbulletinboardswhereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 17
IfmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenusitmayexplainatleastoneoftheirsharedbeliefs:Menandwomencan’tberealfriends.Manymaypointtothejealousythatplaguesmanyrationalpeoplewhenasignificantotherbefriendssomeoneoftheoppositesex.Boilitdowntotheinherentdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Itjustcan’tbedone.IsitrightWrongsayrelationshipexperts.Thebeliefthatmenandwomencan’tbefriendscomesfromanothererainwhichwomenwereathomeandmenwereintheworkplaceandtheonlywaytheycouldgettogetherwasforromanceexplainsLindaSapadinPh.[D]apsychologistinprivatepracticeinValleyStreamNewYork.Nowtheyworktogetherandhavesportsintereststogetherandsocializetogether.Thisculturalshiftisencouragingpsychologistssociologistsandcommunicationsexpertstoputforthanewmessage:thoughitmaybetrickymenandwomencansuccessfullybecomeclosefriends.What’smoretherearegoodreasonsforthemtodoso.Societyhaslongsingledoutromanceastheprototypicalmale-femalerelationshipbecauseitspawnsbabiesandkeepsthelifecyclegoing;cross-sexfriendshipasresearcherscallithasbeeneitherignoredortrivialized.Wehaverulesforhowtoactinromanticrelationshipsflirtdategetmarriedhavekidsandevensame-sexfriendshipsboysrelatebydoingactivitiestogethergirlsbytalkingandsharing.Buttherearesofewplatonicmale-femalefriendshipsondisplayinourculturethatwe’reatalosseventodefinetheserelationships.Acertain1989filmstarringMegRyanandBillyCrystalconvincedanationofmoviegoersthatromancealwayscomesbetweenmenandwomenmakingtruefriendshipimpossible.WhenHarryMetSallysetthepotentialformale-femalefriendshipbackabout25yearssaysMichaelMonsourPh.D.assistantprofessorofcommunicationsattheUniversityofColoradoatDenverandauthorofWomenandMenasFriends:RelationshipsacrosstheLifeSpaninthe21stCentury.Almosteverytimeyouseeamale-femalefriendshipitwindsupturningintoromance.In1989DonO’MearaPh.D.asociologyprofessorattheUniversityofCincinnati-RaymondWaltersCollegepublishedalandmarkstudyinthejournalSexRolesonthetopimpedimentstocross-sexfriendship.Amongseveralchallengeshepointedoutinhisresearchsocietymaynotbeentirelyreadyforfriendshipsbetweenmenandwomenthathavenosexualsubtext.Peoplewithclosefriendsoftheoppositesexareoftenbarragedwithnudgingwinkingandskepticism:AreyoureallyjustfriendsThisisespeciallytruesaysO’Mearaofolderadultswhogrewupwhenmenandwomenwereoff-limitstoeachotheruntilmarriage.WhatdoesthewordbefriendsLine3Para.1mostprobablymean
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegunonethatinvolvesthe1oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas2anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggestsit3biologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingfeverishlyto4seedsthatgiveahighyieldthat5diseasedroughtandfrostandthatreducetheneedfor6chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieveditwouldbemost7.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops. Innaturegeneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain8.Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrosebutarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering9usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother10totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmeanforexampleselectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-freeze11fromanarcticfishandinsertingitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.12thenbiotechnologyallowshumansto13thegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution14somecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity-somesayevenmore15geneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningand16cultureprocessesthatproduceperfectly17copies.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversitythereforeremain.Geneticallyalteredplantshoweverraisenew18suchastheeffecttheymayhaveonusandenvironment.".Weareflyingblindlyintoanew19ofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopesfewconstraintsandlittleideaofthepotential20"saidsciencewriterJemeryRifkin. 13
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