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Thelast-minutevictoryoftheTexasLonghornsinthisyear’sRoseBowl—America’scollegefootballchampionship—wasthekindofthingthatstayswithfansforever.Justaswellbecausemanyhadpaidvastsumstoseethegame.RoseBowlticketsofficiallysoldfor$175each.OntheInternetresellerswerehawkingthemforasmuchas$3000apop.NobodyknowshowtocontrolthisobservedMitchDorgerthetournament’schiefexecutive.Re-sellingticketsforaprofitknownlesspolitelyasscalpinginAmericaortoutinginBritainisbooming.InAmericaalonethesecondarymarketforticketstosought-aftereventsisworthover$10billionreckonsJeffreyFluhrthebossofStubHubanonlineticketmarket.Scalpingusedtobeaboutburlymenlurkingoutsidestadiumswithfistfulsoftickets.CriesofTicketshereticketsherestillringoutbeforekick-off.ButtheInternethascreatedalargerandmoreefficientmarket.SomeInternet-basedticketagenciessuchastickco.comanddynamiteticketzcornactastraditionalscalpersbuyingupticketsandsellingthemonforasubstantialmark-up.ButotherslikeStubHubhaveanewbusinessmodel—bringtogetherbuyersandsellersandthentakeacut.ForeachtransactionStubHubtakesajuicy25%.Despiteitssubstantialcommission—farhigherthanthosechargedbyotheronlineintermediariesincludingeBayorCraigslist—StubHubisflourishing.Thefirmwassetupin2000andthisyear’sRoseBowlwasitsbiggesteventever.TheSuperBowlinearlyFebruarywillbringanothernicehaulashaveU2andRollingStonesconcerts.UnlikeeBaywhichisthelargestonlinetraderinticketsStubHubguaranteeseachtransactionsobuyersneednotworryaboutfraud.Thecompany’srevenuesnowaround$200millionaretriplingannuallydespiteitsstartinthedotcombust.Andthereisplentymoreroomtogrow.Mr.Fluhrnotesthatthemarketremainshighlyfragmentedwithtinyoperationsstillflourishingandnewspaperclassifiednotyetdead.Buttherearerisks.Someeventsareboostingpricestocuttheresalemargins;othersareusingspecialmeasurestocrackdown.ThissummerticketstothesoccerWorldCupinGermanywillincludethenameandpassportnumberoftheoriginalpurchaserandembeddedchipsthatmatchthebuyertothetickets.Thentherearelegalworries.InAmericamorethanadozenstateshaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds.NewMexicoforbidstheresellingofticketsforcollegegames;Mississippidoessoforalleventsongovernment-ownedproperty.Suchlawsareoftenignoredbutcanstillbite.InMassachusettswhereresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalueisunlawfulonefanbroughtalawsuitlastautumnagainst16companiesincludingStubHuboverhispriceyRedSoxtickets.Severemeasurestodiscouragere-sellingticketsforprofitsareillustratedwith______.
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 7
MenorcaorMajorcaItisthattimeoftheyearagain.Thebrochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersandmagazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.ButthetraditionalpackagedholidayaBritishinnovationthatprovidedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarmsandisnotwhatitwas.IndeedtheindustryisanxiouslyawaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnowis. TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheirholidays:low-costairlinesandtheInternet.Insteadofbuyingaready-madepackageconsistingofaflighthotelcarhireandassortedentertainmentfromatouroperator’sbrochureitisnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagentlikeExpediaorTravelocitywhichlastJulyboughtLastminute.comfor￡577million$1billionorfromtheproliferatingwebsitesofairlineshotelsandcar-rentalfirms. Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhigh-streettravelagentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsandclosuresbutthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightbackinpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoiceHolidaysforinstancesawitspre-taxprofitriseby16%to￡114million$195millionintheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughtheoverallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallenthecompanyisconcentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectlyeitherviatheInternetoverthetelephoneorfromitsowntravelshops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears. Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravelmanagedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin2005.ThomasCookandThomsonHolidaysnowbothGermanownedarealsobullishaboutthecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehavingatoughertimethoughnotleastbecausemanyleadingtouroperationshavecutthecommissionstheypay. Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewiththeInternethelpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthattheyhaveresearchedonlineprovidingadviceandtackingonotherservices.Thisisseenasagrowtharea.Butifanagentputstogetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodationisthatapackagetoo TheCivilAviationAuthorityCAAsaysitisandtheagentshouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicencewhichprovidesfinancialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970swhensomelargeBritishtravelfirmswentbuststrandingcustomersontheCostas.AlthoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedaystheCAAhadtohelpoutsome30000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationofBritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovembertoarguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonotrequireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.WhilethecourtdecidesmillionsofBritonswillhappilyclickawaybuyingonlineholidaysunawareofthedifference. Accordingtothefirstandlastparagraphswhichofthefollowingisstillinsuspense
TheymaynotbetherichestbutAfricansremaintheworld’sstaunchestoptimists.AnannualsurveybyGallupInternationalaresearchoutfitshowsthatwhenaskedwhetherthisyearwillbebetterthanlastAfricaonceagaincomesoutontop.Outof52000peopleinterviewedallovertheworldunderhalfbelievethatthingsarelookingup.ButinAfricatheproportioniscloseto60%—almosttwiceasmuchasinEurope.Africanshavesomereasonstobecheerful.Thecontinent’seconomyhasbeendoingfairlywellwithSouthAfricatheeconomicpowerhousegrowingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.SomeofAfrica’slong-runningconflictssuchasthewarbetweenthenorthandsouthinSudanandthecivilwarinCongohaveended.AfricaevenhasitsfirstelectedfemaleheadofstateinLiberia.Yetthereisnoshortageofdownerstoo.MostofAfricaremainsdirtpoor.CrisesinplaceslikeCoted’IvoireSierraLeoneandZimbabwearefarfromsolved.AndthedemocraticcredentialsofEthiopiaandUgandaoncethedarlingsofwesterndonorshavetakenabadknock.AIDSkilledover2millionAfricansin2005andwillkillmorethisyear.SoisitalljustacaseofirrationalexuberanceMerilJamesofGalluparguesthatthereisinfactusuallyverylittlerelationbetweenthesurvey’soptimismrankingsandreality.AfricansthisyearledbyNigeriansareconsistentlythemostupbeatwhethertheirlotgetsbetterornot.OntheotherhandGreece—hardlytheworstplaceonearth—topsthegloom-and-doomchartfollowedcloselybyPortugalandFrance.MsJamesspeculatesthatreligionmayhavealottodowithit.NineoutoftenAfricansarereligiousthehighestproportionintheworld.ButcynicsarguethatmostAfricansbelievethat2006willbegoldenbecausethingshavebeensobadthatitishardtoimaginehowtheycouldpossiblygetworse.ThismayhelpexplainwhyplacesthathavesufferedrecentmisfortunessuchasKosovoandAfghanistanrankamongthetopfiveoptimists.MoussakaforthoughtforthosedepressedGreeks.ThetoneoftheauthorindiscussingAfricanstatuscanbedefinedasbeing______.
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 9
"Thisisareallyexcitingtime—aneweraisstarting"saysPeterBazalgettethechiefcreativeofficerofEndemolthetelevisioncompanybehind"BigBrother"andotherpopularshows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobiletelevisionanascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecomsandmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevice-makerscontentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfarfromaloneinhisenthusiasm. Alreadymanymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevisionchannelsorindividualshowswhichare"streamed"acrosstheirthird-generation3Gnetworks.InSouthKoreatelevisionisalsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastnetworkswhichisfarmoreefficientthansendingvideoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbegininJapaninApril.InEuropetheItalianarmof3amobileoperatorrecentlyacquiredCanale7atelevisionchannelwithaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthesecondhalfof2006.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobebuiltinFinlandandAmericaandarebeingtestedinmanyothercountries. MeanwhileAppleComputerwhichlaunchedavideo-capableversionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctoberisstrikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedeviceincluding"Lost""DesperateHousewives"and"Law&Order".TiVomakerofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorderPVRsaysitplanstoenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPodsandotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.AndmobileTVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld’slargesttechnologyfairtheConsumerElectronicsShowwhichtookplaceinLasVegasthisweek. DespiteallthisactivityhowevertheprospectsformobileTVareunclear.Forastartnobodyreallyknowsifconsumerswillpayforitthoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.Informaaconsultancysaystherewillbe125millionmobile-TVusersby2010.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopesandthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.AndevenifpeopledowantTVonthemovethereisfurtheruncertaintyinthreeareas:technologybusinessmodelsandthecontentitself. Accordingtothetextsubstantialworkinmobile-TVnetworkshasbeenconductedin.
Thisisareallyexcitingtime—aneweraisstartingsaysPeterBazalgettethechiefcreativeofficerofEndemolthetelevisioncompanybehindBigBrotherandotherpopularshows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobiletelevisionanascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecomsandmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevice-makerscontentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfarfromaloneinhisenthusiasm.Alreadymanymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevisionchannelsorindividualshowswhicharestreamedacrosstheirthird-generation3Gnetworks.InSouthKoreatelevisionisalsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastnetworkswhichisfarmoreefficientthansendingvideoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbegininJapaninApril.InEuropetheItalianarmof3amobileoperatorrecentlyacquiredCanale7atelevisionchannelwithaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthesecondhalfof2006.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobebuiltinFinlandandAmericaandarebeingtestedinmanyothercountries.MeanwhileAppleComputerwhichlaunchedavideo-capableversionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctoberisstrikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedeviceincludingLostDesperateHousewivesandLaw&Order.TiVomakerofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorderPVRsaysitplanstoenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPodsandotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.AndmobileTVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld’slargesttechnologyfairtheConsumerElectronicsShowwhichtookplaceinLasVegasthisweek.DespiteallthisactivityhowevertheprospectsformobileTVareunclear.Forastartnobodyreallyknowsifconsumerswillpayforitthoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.Informaaconsultancysaystherewillbe125millionmobile-TVusersby2010.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopesandthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.AndevenifpeopledowantTVonthemovethereisfurtheruncertaintyinthreeareas:technologybusinessmodelsandthecontentitself.Thewordnascentinthefirstparagraphofthetextmostprobablymeans______.
SirRichardFriendisatoughmantotrackdown.PhonecallstohistwolabsatCambridgeUniversitygounansweredandsodoe-mails.Intheendareporterhastoleaveanoteinhiscampuspigeonhole.TheelusiveFriendistheunlikelyinstigatorofwhatmaybearevolutioninelectronics:plastics.46AlthoughmostelectronicdevicesmakeuseofsiliconchipsFriendseesafutureinwhichmobilephonesTVswatchescomputersandotherdevicesincorporateinexpensiveplasticchips. 47Friend’svisionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’90sthatplasticscanbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emittingdiodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.Hisworkhasalreadyyieldedanewgenerationoflighterthinnerbrightercheaperandmoreflexibleelectronicscreensforeverythingfromlightweightmobilephonestodisposable"talking"electronicgreetingcards.48Nowhe’sworkingondevicesthatmightbringustalkingcerealboxesoradvertisingpostersthatlightupandspeakasyouwalkby.Thematerialsmightevenbespray-paintedontowallsthatchangecolorwiththeweatherorgointopillboxesthattellyouwhentotakeyourmedication. Itsoundsfarfetchedbutthebasictechnologyisalreadyathand.E-bookswithflexiblescreensthatcanberolledupandput.intoyourpocketshouldstartappearinginthenextfewyears.49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbeprinted—justasinkisprintedontopaper—ontoanynumberofflexiblesurfaces.GeneralElectricisworkingwiththeDepartmentofEnergy—tocreatelargeflexiblesheetsthatcouldilluminatearoom. Ifyouthinkeverythingisdigitalnowjustwait.50"Productsinyourfridgetaggedwithachipwouldautomaticallychangecoloraftertheirsell-bydate"saysPeterHarropchairmanofmarket-researchfirmIDTechEx.ForhisCambridgestudentsSirRichardhasonewordofadvice:plastics. 47Friend’svisionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’90sthatplasticscanbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emittingdiodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 17
Ascompaniescontinuetocutcoststhedaysoffrequentpromotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportunitiestoshowoffyourskills.Layoffsurvivorsfacedwithfeweroptionsarefindingthemselvesincareerpurgatory—there’snowayupandnowayout. AftertalkingtocareercoachesmanagersrecruitersandpsychologistsFortuneputtogethereighttipstohelpworkersbreakfreefromtheinertia. 41.Avoidtakingcover Don’thideoutbehindyourcomputer."Youshouldreallyworktoincreaseormaintainthevisibilitythatyouhave"saysDavidOptonfounderandCEOofcareermanagementfirmExecuNet. Buildacircleofallies Fortifyyourcurrentrelationshipsandworkonmakingnewonesbothwithinandoutsidetheoffice."Allieswillbehelpfulintermsoflettingyouknowinformationlikeifthere’sajobpossibilitythatcomesup"saysDeeSoderfounderoftheCEOPerspectiveGroup.Whoyouknowcanmakeabigdifferenceespeciallyindifficulttimes. 42.Loaduponnewtools Thisistheperfecttimetoacquirenewexpertise.Ifthebosscan’tpaydoitonyourown. 43.Lookbeyondyourjobdescription Peopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydotheirjobswell;theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.LaurenDolivaapartneratrecruitingfirmHeidrick&StrugglesInternationalhasaclientlookingtohireaCO0. 44.ManageyourownPR "Doingwellispartproductivityandpartpublicity"saysMarilynMoatsKennedyamanagingpartneratCareerStrategies. Becreative RemembersaysDoliva"peoplehireustothinknotjusttodo."Thisistheperfecttimetotackletheprojectthatyou’vealwayswishedyouhadmoretimefor.Soderrecommendsschedulinganhoureachdaytoworkonextrathingssuchasnewinitiativesorwaystoimproveyourjoborthatofthoseaboveyou. Takeresponsibilityforyoursuccess Beproactivenotreactive.SaysKennedy:"Ifyou’rewaitingforsomethingtohappentoyouit’snotgoingtobeanythingpositive."Figureoutyourgoalsandletmanagersknowwhattheyare;identifyyourweaknessesandworkonthem;findbetterwaystoharnessyourstrengths.Fornontangibleskills—leadershipmanagementcommunication—coachesrecommendhiringacoach.AclientofSoder’swasputintoanewmanagementrolebutdidn’tfeellikeshehadwhatittooktooverseeabiggerteam.Shewentoutandhiredacoachwhohelpedherlearnhowtointeractwithtopexecutivesaswellashowtorunabiggerterritory.Shehassincebeenpromotedagain. Takingresponsibilityforyourownsuccessissomethingeveryoneshoulddoregardlessofexternalfactors.Otherwiseyou’reheadingstraightforburnout. 45.Adjustyourattitude Don’tpanic.Eventhoughtheeconomyisinarecessionyourcareerisnotcomingtoanend.Howyoulookatthesituationwillhaveabigimpactonwhetheryoustaystuckormoveahead."Onecanchoosetosaythereisnoopportunityoronecanchoosetolookforit"saysDoliva.Infactmanycoachesbelievethatbeingstuckisjustastateofmind. [A]Letpeopleknowwhenyouaccomplishsomethingorwhenyouputintheextraefforttogetaprojectdoneearly.Withoutbeingcheesymakesurethatyou’regivingofftherightvibesbykeepingapositiveattitudeavoidingemotionaloutburstsandappearingcalmandorganized.Anddon’tforgettolookthepart.Manydidn’tgetpromotionsbecauseoftheirprofessionalpresence—groomingclothesandbodylanguage. [B]WhensomeonebroughtuptheVPofoperationswhowastheobviouscandidateforthejobtheCEOrejectedhimoutright."HesaidnobecausetheVPonlydoeswhat’sexpected"saysDoliva."TheCEOdidn’tseehimassomeonewhowouldtaketherisksandthetimetodothejobbetter."Nowisnotthetimeforcomplacencyevenifyou’renotgunningforaspotintheexecutivesuite.Coachessuggestthatemployeescomeinearlystaylateandtakeonextraprojects.Littlethingscanmakeabigdifference. [C]Brushuponcomputerskillsauditaclassorgetacertificateordegreeinyourfield—andwhenjobsdoopenupyou’llbeready. [D]"Whatyoudon’twanttodoisstartgettingdepressed"addsMelissaKarzfounderofKadimaCoaching."Bewhatyouwanttoattract."Itmightbehelpfultohuntformotivationinotherplaces."Nowisthetimetostarttakingalookathowfulfillingyourlifeisoutsideofwork"saysLoisFrankelpresidentofCorporateCoachingInternational.Findexcitingactivitiestoreplenishyourselfwith—andthenbringthatpositivespiritintotheoffice. [E]Amidallofthelayoffsyou’vemanagedtokeepyourjob—butthechancesofmovingupareslimtonone.Nobodyaboveyouisgoingtoleavenowandthere’snomoneyforspecialprojectstoproveyourself.You’restuck.Here’showtoavoidfadingintothewoodwork. [F]Speakupinmeetingsjointaskforces;andvolunteerfordifficultprojectsthatco-workersaren’twillingtotackle. 43
MenorcaorMajorcaItisthattimeoftheyearagain.Thebrochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersandmagazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.ButthetraditionalpackagedholidayaBritishinnovationthatprovidedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarmsandisnotwhatitwas.IndeedtheindustryisanxiouslyawaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnowis. TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheirholidays:low-costairlinesandtheInternet.Insteadofbuyingaready-madepackageconsistingofaflighthotelcarhireandassortedentertainmentfromatouroperator’sbrochureitisnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagentlikeExpediaorTravelocitywhichlastJulyboughtLastminute.comfor￡577million$1billionorfromtheproliferatingwebsitesofairlineshotelsandcar-rentalfirms. Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhigh-streettravelagentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsandclosuresbutthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightbackinpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoiceHolidaysforinstancesawitspre-taxprofitriseby16%to￡114million$195millionintheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughtheoverallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallenthecompanyisconcentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectlyeitherviatheInternetoverthetelephoneorfromitsowntravelshops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears. Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravelmanagedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin2005.ThomasCookandThomsonHolidaysnowbothGermanownedarealsobullishaboutthecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehavingatoughertimethoughnotleastbecausemanyleadingtouroperationshavecutthecommissionstheypay. Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewiththeInternethelpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthattheyhaveresearchedonlineprovidingadviceandtackingonotherservices.Thisisseenasagrowtharea.Butifanagentputstogetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodationisthatapackagetoo TheCivilAviationAuthorityCAAsaysitisandtheagentshouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicencewhichprovidesfinancialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970swhensomelargeBritishtravelfirmswentbuststrandingcustomersontheCostas.AlthoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedaystheCAAhadtohelpoutsome30000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationofBritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovembertoarguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonotrequireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.WhilethecourtdecidesmillionsofBritonswillhappilyclickawaybuyingonlineholidaysunawareofthedifference. Basedonthefirstparagraphthebesttitleofthetextcouldbe
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 11
DespiteincreasedairportsecuritysinceSeptember11th2001thetechnologytoscanbothpassengersandbaggageforweaponsandbombsremainslargelyunchanged.Travellerswalkthroughmetaldetectorsandcarry-onbagspassthroughx-raymachinesthatsuperimposecolour-codedhighlightsbutdolittleelse.Checked-inluggageisscreenedby"computedtomography"whichpeersinsideasuitcaseratherlikeaCATscanofabrain.Thesesystemscanalertanoperatortosomethingsuspiciousbuttheycannottellwhatitis. Moresophisticatedscreeningtechnologiesareemergingalbeitslowly.Therearethreemainapproaches:enhancedx-raystospothiddenobjectssensortechnologytosniffdangerouschemicalsandradiofrequenciesthatcanidentifyliquidsandsolids. Anumberofmanufacturersareusing"reflective"or"backscatter"x-raysthatcanbecalibratedtoseeobjectsthroughclothing.Theycanspotthingsthatametaldetectormaynotsuchasaceramicknifeorplasticexplosives.Butsomepeoplethinktheycanrevealtoomuch.InAmericacivil-libertiesgroupshavestalledtheintroductionofsuchequipmentarguingthatitistoointrusive.Toprotecttravellers’modestyfiltershavebeencreatedtoblurgenitalareas. Machinesthatcandetectminutetracesofexplosivearealsobeingtested.Passengerswalkthroughamachinethatblowsaburstofairintendedtodislodgemoleculesofsubstancesonaperson’sbodyandclothes.Theairissuckedintoafilterwhichinstantaneouslyanalysesittoseewhetheritincludesanysuspectsubstances.Theprocesscanworkforbaggageaswell.Itisavastimprovementontoday’smethodwherebycarry-onitemsareoccasionallyswabbedandscreenedfortracesofexplosives.Becausethisisamanualoperationonlyasmallshareofbagsareexaminedthisway. Themostradicalofthenewapproachesuses"quadrupoleresonancetechnology".Thisinvolvesbombardinganobjectwithradiowaves.Byreadingthereturningsignalsthemachinescanidentifythemolecularstructureofthematerialsitcontains.Sinceeverycompound—solidliquidorgas—createsauniquefrequencyitcanbereadlikeafingerprint.Thesystemcanbeusedtolookfordrugsaswellasexplosives. Forthesetechnologiestomakethejumpfromdevelopmentlabsandsmalltrialstofulldeploymentatairportstheymustbeavailableatapricethatairportsarepreparedtopay.TheymustalsobeeasytousetakeuplittlespaceandprovidequickresultssaysChrisYatesasecurityexpertwithJane’sAirportReview.NormanShanksanairportsecurityexpertsaysaddingthenewtechnologiescostsaround$100000permachine;heexpectsthesystemstoberolledoutcommerciallyoverthenext12months.Theymightcloseoffoneroutetodestroyinganairlinerbutacruelcertaintyisthatterroristswilltrytofindothers. Whichofthefollowingsisadeterminingfactorintermsoftheprospectofthescreeningtechnologiesdiscussedinthetext
Directions: Youareillandcannotgotoschool.Thereforeyouhavetowriteasickleavewhichshouldinclude 1thedescriptionofyourillness 2youraimofwritingthesickleave. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenote.Use“LiMing”instead.
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 3
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 15
SirRichardFriendisatoughmantotrackdown.PhonecallstohistwolabsatCambridgeUniversitygounansweredandsodoe-mails.Intheendareporterhastoleaveanoteinhiscampuspigeonhole.TheelusiveFriendistheunlikelyinstigatorofwhatmaybearevolutioninelectronics:plastics.46AlthoughmostelectronicdevicesmakeuseofsiliconchipsFriendseesafutureinwhichmobilephonesTVswatchescomputersandotherdevicesincorporateinexpensiveplasticchips. 47Friend’svisionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’90sthatplasticscanbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emittingdiodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.Hisworkhasalreadyyieldedanewgenerationoflighterthinnerbrightercheaperandmoreflexibleelectronicscreensforeverythingfromlightweightmobilephonestodisposable"talking"electronicgreetingcards.48Nowhe’sworkingondevicesthatmightbringustalkingcerealboxesoradvertisingpostersthatlightupandspeakasyouwalkby.Thematerialsmightevenbespray-paintedontowallsthatchangecolorwiththeweatherorgointopillboxesthattellyouwhentotakeyourmedication. Itsoundsfarfetchedbutthebasictechnologyisalreadyathand.E-bookswithflexiblescreensthatcanberolledupandput.intoyourpocketshouldstartappearinginthenextfewyears.49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbeprinted—justasinkisprintedontopaper—ontoanynumberofflexiblesurfaces.GeneralElectricisworkingwiththeDepartmentofEnergy—tocreatelargeflexiblesheetsthatcouldilluminatearoom. Ifyouthinkeverythingisdigitalnowjustwait.50"Productsinyourfridgetaggedwithachipwouldautomaticallychangecoloraftertheirsell-bydate"saysPeterHarropchairmanofmarket-researchfirmIDTechEx.ForhisCambridgestudentsSirRichardhasonewordofadvice:plastics. 49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbeprinted—justasinkisprintedontopaper—ontoanynumberofflexiblesurfaces.
DespiteincreasedairportsecuritysinceSeptember11th2001thetechnologytoscanbothpassengersandbaggageforweaponsandbombsremainslargelyunchanged.Travellerswalkthroughmetaldetectorsandcarry-onbagspassthroughx-raymachinesthatsuperimposecolour-codedhighlightsbutdolittleelse.Checked-inluggageisscreenedbycomputedtomographywhichpeersinsideasuitcaseratherlikeaCATscanofabrain.Thesesystemscanalertanoperatortosomethingsuspiciousbuttheycannottellwhatitis.Moresophisticatedscreeningtechnologiesareemergingalbeitslowly.Therearethreemainapproaches:enhancedx-raystospothiddenobjectssensortechnologytosniffdangerouschemicalsandradiofrequenciesthatcanidentifyliquidsandsolids.Anumberofmanufacturersareusingreflectiveorbackscatterx-raysthatcanbecalibratedtoseeobjectsthroughclothing.Theycanspotthingsthatametaldetectormaynotsuchasaceramicknifeorplasticexplosives.Butsomepeoplethinktheycanrevealtoomuch.InAmericacivil-libertiesgroupshavestalledtheintroductionofsuchequipmentarguingthatitistoointrusive.Toprotecttravellers’modestyfiltershavebeencreatedtoblurgenitalareas.Machinesthatcandetectminutetracesofexplosivearealsobeingtested.Passengerswalkthroughamachinethatblowsaburstofairintendedtodislodgemoleculesofsubstancesonaperson’sbodyandclothes.Theairissuckedintoafilterwhichinstantaneouslyanalysesittoseewhetheritincludesanysuspectsubstances.Theprocesscanworkforbaggageaswell.Itisavastimprovementontoday’smethodwherebycarry-onitemsareoccasionallyswabbedandscreenedfortracesofexplosives.Becausethisisamanualoperationonlyasmallshareofbagsareexaminedthisway.Themostradicalofthenewapproachesusesquadrupoleresonancetechnology.Thisinvolvesbombardinganobjectwithradiowaves.Byreadingthereturningsignalsthemachinescanidentifythemolecularstructureofthematerialsitcontains.Sinceeverycompound—solidliquidorgas—createsauniquefrequencyitcanbereadlikeafingerprint.Thesystemcanbeusedtolookfordrugsaswellasexplosives.Forthesetechnologiestomakethejumpfromdevelopmentlabsandsmalltrialstofulldeploymentatairportstheymustbeavailableatapricethatairportsarepreparedtopay.TheymustalsobeeasytousetakeuplittlespaceandprovidequickresultssaysChrisYatesasecurityexpertwithJane’sAirportReview.NormanShanksanairportsecurityexpertsaysaddingthenewtechnologiescostsaround$100000permachine;heexpectsthesystemstoberolledoutcommerciallyoverthenext12months.Theymightcloseoffoneroutetodestroyinganairlinerbutacruelcertaintyisthatterroristswilltrytofindothers.Thewordalbeitinthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans______.
Ascompaniescontinuetocutcoststhedaysoffrequentpromotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportunitiestoshowoffyourskills.Layoffsurvivorsfacedwithfeweroptionsarefindingthemselvesincareerpurgatory—there’snowayupandnowayout. AftertalkingtocareercoachesmanagersrecruitersandpsychologistsFortuneputtogethereighttipstohelpworkersbreakfreefromtheinertia. 41.Avoidtakingcover Don’thideoutbehindyourcomputer."Youshouldreallyworktoincreaseormaintainthevisibilitythatyouhave"saysDavidOptonfounderandCEOofcareermanagementfirmExecuNet. Buildacircleofallies Fortifyyourcurrentrelationshipsandworkonmakingnewonesbothwithinandoutsidetheoffice."Allieswillbehelpfulintermsoflettingyouknowinformationlikeifthere’sajobpossibilitythatcomesup"saysDeeSoderfounderoftheCEOPerspectiveGroup.Whoyouknowcanmakeabigdifferenceespeciallyindifficulttimes. 42.Loaduponnewtools Thisistheperfecttimetoacquirenewexpertise.Ifthebosscan’tpaydoitonyourown. 43.Lookbeyondyourjobdescription Peopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydotheirjobswell;theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.LaurenDolivaapartneratrecruitingfirmHeidrick&StrugglesInternationalhasaclientlookingtohireaCO0. 44.ManageyourownPR "Doingwellispartproductivityandpartpublicity"saysMarilynMoatsKennedyamanagingpartneratCareerStrategies. Becreative RemembersaysDoliva"peoplehireustothinknotjusttodo."Thisistheperfecttimetotackletheprojectthatyou’vealwayswishedyouhadmoretimefor.Soderrecommendsschedulinganhoureachdaytoworkonextrathingssuchasnewinitiativesorwaystoimproveyourjoborthatofthoseaboveyou. Takeresponsibilityforyoursuccess Beproactivenotreactive.SaysKennedy:"Ifyou’rewaitingforsomethingtohappentoyouit’snotgoingtobeanythingpositive."Figureoutyourgoalsandletmanagersknowwhattheyare;identifyyourweaknessesandworkonthem;findbetterwaystoharnessyourstrengths.Fornontangibleskills—leadershipmanagementcommunication—coachesrecommendhiringacoach.AclientofSoder’swasputintoanewmanagementrolebutdidn’tfeellikeshehadwhatittooktooverseeabiggerteam.Shewentoutandhiredacoachwhohelpedherlearnhowtointeractwithtopexecutivesaswellashowtorunabiggerterritory.Shehassincebeenpromotedagain. Takingresponsibilityforyourownsuccessissomethingeveryoneshoulddoregardlessofexternalfactors.Otherwiseyou’reheadingstraightforburnout. 45.Adjustyourattitude Don’tpanic.Eventhoughtheeconomyisinarecessionyourcareerisnotcomingtoanend.Howyoulookatthesituationwillhaveabigimpactonwhetheryoustaystuckormoveahead."Onecanchoosetosaythereisnoopportunityoronecanchoosetolookforit"saysDoliva.Infactmanycoachesbelievethatbeingstuckisjustastateofmind. [A]Letpeopleknowwhenyouaccomplishsomethingorwhenyouputintheextraefforttogetaprojectdoneearly.Withoutbeingcheesymakesurethatyou’regivingofftherightvibesbykeepingapositiveattitudeavoidingemotionaloutburstsandappearingcalmandorganized.Anddon’tforgettolookthepart.Manydidn’tgetpromotionsbecauseoftheirprofessionalpresence—groomingclothesandbodylanguage. [B]WhensomeonebroughtuptheVPofoperationswhowastheobviouscandidateforthejobtheCEOrejectedhimoutright."HesaidnobecausetheVPonlydoeswhat’sexpected"saysDoliva."TheCEOdidn’tseehimassomeonewhowouldtaketherisksandthetimetodothejobbetter."Nowisnotthetimeforcomplacencyevenifyou’renotgunningforaspotintheexecutivesuite.Coachessuggestthatemployeescomeinearlystaylateandtakeonextraprojects.Littlethingscanmakeabigdifference. [C]Brushuponcomputerskillsauditaclassorgetacertificateordegreeinyourfield—andwhenjobsdoopenupyou’llbeready. [D]"Whatyoudon’twanttodoisstartgettingdepressed"addsMelissaKarzfounderofKadimaCoaching."Bewhatyouwanttoattract."Itmightbehelpfultohuntformotivationinotherplaces."Nowisthetimetostarttakingalookathowfulfillingyourlifeisoutsideofwork"saysLoisFrankelpresidentofCorporateCoachingInternational.Findexcitingactivitiestoreplenishyourselfwith—andthenbringthatpositivespiritintotheoffice. [E]Amidallofthelayoffsyou’vemanagedtokeepyourjob—butthechancesofmovingupareslimtonone.Nobodyaboveyouisgoingtoleavenowandthere’snomoneyforspecialprojectstoproveyourself.You’restuck.Here’showtoavoidfadingintothewoodwork. [F]Speakupinmeetingsjointaskforces;andvolunteerfordifficultprojectsthatco-workersaren’twillingtotackle. 41
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 1
Ascompaniescontinuetocutcoststhedaysoffrequentpromotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportunitiestoshowoffyourskills.Layoffsurvivorsfacedwithfeweroptionsarefindingthemselvesincareerpurgatory—there’snowayupandnowayout. AftertalkingtocareercoachesmanagersrecruitersandpsychologistsFortuneputtogethereighttipstohelpworkersbreakfreefromtheinertia. 41.Avoidtakingcover Don’thideoutbehindyourcomputer."Youshouldreallyworktoincreaseormaintainthevisibilitythatyouhave"saysDavidOptonfounderandCEOofcareermanagementfirmExecuNet. Buildacircleofallies Fortifyyourcurrentrelationshipsandworkonmakingnewonesbothwithinandoutsidetheoffice."Allieswillbehelpfulintermsoflettingyouknowinformationlikeifthere’sajobpossibilitythatcomesup"saysDeeSoderfounderoftheCEOPerspectiveGroup.Whoyouknowcanmakeabigdifferenceespeciallyindifficulttimes. 42.Loaduponnewtools Thisistheperfecttimetoacquirenewexpertise.Ifthebosscan’tpaydoitonyourown. 43.Lookbeyondyourjobdescription Peopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydotheirjobswell;theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.LaurenDolivaapartneratrecruitingfirmHeidrick&StrugglesInternationalhasaclientlookingtohireaCO0. 44.ManageyourownPR "Doingwellispartproductivityandpartpublicity"saysMarilynMoatsKennedyamanagingpartneratCareerStrategies. Becreative RemembersaysDoliva"peoplehireustothinknotjusttodo."Thisistheperfecttimetotackletheprojectthatyou’vealwayswishedyouhadmoretimefor.Soderrecommendsschedulinganhoureachdaytoworkonextrathingssuchasnewinitiativesorwaystoimproveyourjoborthatofthoseaboveyou. Takeresponsibilityforyoursuccess Beproactivenotreactive.SaysKennedy:"Ifyou’rewaitingforsomethingtohappentoyouit’snotgoingtobeanythingpositive."Figureoutyourgoalsandletmanagersknowwhattheyare;identifyyourweaknessesandworkonthem;findbetterwaystoharnessyourstrengths.Fornontangibleskills—leadershipmanagementcommunication—coachesrecommendhiringacoach.AclientofSoder’swasputintoanewmanagementrolebutdidn’tfeellikeshehadwhatittooktooverseeabiggerteam.Shewentoutandhiredacoachwhohelpedherlearnhowtointeractwithtopexecutivesaswellashowtorunabiggerterritory.Shehassincebeenpromotedagain. Takingresponsibilityforyourownsuccessissomethingeveryoneshoulddoregardlessofexternalfactors.Otherwiseyou’reheadingstraightforburnout. 45.Adjustyourattitude Don’tpanic.Eventhoughtheeconomyisinarecessionyourcareerisnotcomingtoanend.Howyoulookatthesituationwillhaveabigimpactonwhetheryoustaystuckormoveahead."Onecanchoosetosaythereisnoopportunityoronecanchoosetolookforit"saysDoliva.Infactmanycoachesbelievethatbeingstuckisjustastateofmind. [A]Letpeopleknowwhenyouaccomplishsomethingorwhenyouputintheextraefforttogetaprojectdoneearly.Withoutbeingcheesymakesurethatyou’regivingofftherightvibesbykeepingapositiveattitudeavoidingemotionaloutburstsandappearingcalmandorganized.Anddon’tforgettolookthepart.Manydidn’tgetpromotionsbecauseoftheirprofessionalpresence—groomingclothesandbodylanguage. [B]WhensomeonebroughtuptheVPofoperationswhowastheobviouscandidateforthejobtheCEOrejectedhimoutright."HesaidnobecausetheVPonlydoeswhat’sexpected"saysDoliva."TheCEOdidn’tseehimassomeonewhowouldtaketherisksandthetimetodothejobbetter."Nowisnotthetimeforcomplacencyevenifyou’renotgunningforaspotintheexecutivesuite.Coachessuggestthatemployeescomeinearlystaylateandtakeonextraprojects.Littlethingscanmakeabigdifference. [C]Brushuponcomputerskillsauditaclassorgetacertificateordegreeinyourfield—andwhenjobsdoopenupyou’llbeready. [D]"Whatyoudon’twanttodoisstartgettingdepressed"addsMelissaKarzfounderofKadimaCoaching."Bewhatyouwanttoattract."Itmightbehelpfultohuntformotivationinotherplaces."Nowisthetimetostarttakingalookathowfulfillingyourlifeisoutsideofwork"saysLoisFrankelpresidentofCorporateCoachingInternational.Findexcitingactivitiestoreplenishyourselfwith—andthenbringthatpositivespiritintotheoffice. [E]Amidallofthelayoffsyou’vemanagedtokeepyourjob—butthechancesofmovingupareslimtonone.Nobodyaboveyouisgoingtoleavenowandthere’snomoneyforspecialprojectstoproveyourself.You’restuck.Here’showtoavoidfadingintothewoodwork. [F]Speakupinmeetingsjointaskforces;andvolunteerfordifficultprojectsthatco-workersaren’twillingtotackle. 45
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 19
TheymaynotbetherichestbutAfricansremaintheworld’sstaunchestoptimists.AnannualsurveybyGallupInternationalaresearchoutfitshowsthatwhenaskedwhetherthisyearwillbebetterthanlastAfricaonceagaincomesoutontop.Outof52000peopleinterviewedallovertheworldunderhalfbelievethatthingsarelookingup.ButinAfricatheproportioniscloseto60%—almosttwiceasmuchasinEurope. Africanshavesomereasonstobecheerful.Thecontinent’seconomyhasbeendoingfairlywellwithSouthAfricatheeconomicpowerhousegrowingsteadilyoverthepastfewyears.SomeofAfrica’slong-runningconflictssuchasthewarbetweenthenorthandsouthinSudanandthecivilwarinCongohaveended.AfricaevenhasitsfirstelectedfemaleheadofstateinLiberia. Yetthereisnoshortageofdownerstoo.MostofAfricaremainsdirtpoor.CrisesinplaceslikeCoted’IvoireSierraLeoneandZimbabwearefarfromsolved.AndthedemocraticcredentialsofEthiopiaandUgandaoncethedarlingsofwesterndonorshavetakenabadknock.AIDSkilledover2millionAfricansin2005andwillkillmorethisyear. SoisitalljustacaseofirrationalexuberanceMerilJamesofGalluparguesthatthereisinfactusuallyverylittlerelationbetweenthesurvey’soptimismrankingsandreality.AfricansthisyearledbyNigeriansareconsistentlythemostupbeatwhethertheirlotgetsbetterornot.OntheotherhandGreece—hardlytheworstplaceonearth—topsthegloom-and-doomchartfollowedcloselybyPortugalandFrance. MsJamesspeculatesthatreligionmayhavealottodowithit.NineoutoftenAfricansarereligiousthehighestproportionintheworld.ButcynicsarguethatmostAfricansbelievethat2006willbegoldenbecausethingshavebeensobadthatitishardtoimaginehowtheycouldpossiblygetworse.ThismayhelpexplainwhyplacesthathavesufferedrecentmisfortunessuchasKosovoandAfghanistanrankamongthetopfiveoptimists.MoussakaforthoughtforthosedepressedGreeks. ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphofthetextthatAfricanoptimismis.
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 5
ThecelebrationoftheNewYearistheoldestoneofallholidays.Itwasfirst1in2Babylonabout4000yearsago.NewYear’sDayisan3nationalholidayandbanksandofficeswillbeclosed.ManyfamilieshaveNewyear’sDay4. Traditionallyitwasthoughtthatitcould5thelucktheywouldhave6thecomingyearby7theydidorateonthefirstdayoftheyear.Forthatreasonithasbecomecommonfor8tocelebratethefirstfewminutesofa9newyearinthe10withthefamilyandfriends.Partiesoftenlastintothemiddleofthenightaftertheringingofanewyear.ItwasoncebelievedthatthefirstvisitoronNewYear’sDaywouldbring11goodluckorbadlucktotherestoftheyear.Itwasparticularlyluckyifthatvisitor12tobeatalldark-hairedman. TraditionalNewYear’s13arealsothoughttobringluck.PeopleinmanypartsoftheUScelebratetheNewYearby14black-eyedpeasandcabbage.Black-eyedpeashavebeenconsideredgoodluckinmanycultures.Cabbageleavesareconsidereda15ofprosperitybeing16ofpapercurrency.OthertraditionsoftheseasonincludethemakingofNewYear’sresolutions.Thattraditionalso17backtotheearlyBabylonians.Popularmodernresolutionsmightincludethe18toloseweightorquitsmoking. Thesong"AuldLangSyne"issungatthe19ofmidnightinalmosteveryEnglish-speakingcountryintheworldtobringintheNewYear."AuldLangSyne"literally20"yearningfortheolddays. 13
Thisisareallyexcitingtime—aneweraisstartingsaysPeterBazalgettethechiefcreativeofficerofEndemolthetelevisioncompanybehindBigBrotherandotherpopularshows.Heisreferringtotheupsurgeofinterestinmobiletelevisionanascentindustryattheintersectionoftelecomsandmediawhichoffersnewopportunitiestodevice-makerscontentproducersandmobile-networkoperators.Andheisfarfromaloneinhisenthusiasm.Alreadymanymobileoperatorsofferaselectionoftelevisionchannelsorindividualshowswhicharestreamedacrosstheirthird-generation3Gnetworks.InSouthKoreatelevisionisalsosenttomobilephonesviasatelliteandterrestrialbroadcastnetworkswhichisfarmoreefficientthansendingvideoacrossmobilenetworks;similarbroadcastswillbegininJapaninApril.InEuropetheItalianarmof3amobileoperatorrecentlyacquiredCanale7atelevisionchannelwithaviewtolaunchingmobile-TVbroadcastsinItalyinthesecondhalfof2006.Similarmobile-TVnetworkswillalsobebuiltinFinlandandAmericaandarebeingtestedinmanyothercountries.MeanwhileAppleComputerwhichlaunchedavideo-capableversionofitsiPodportablemusic-playerinOctoberisstrikingdealswithtelevisionnetworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedeviceincludingLostDesperateHousewivesandLaw&Order.TiVomakerofthepioneeringpersonalvideorecorderPVRsaysitplanstoenablesubscriberstodownloadrecordedshowsontoiPodsandotherportabledevicesforviewingonthemove.AndmobileTVwasoneofthebigtrendsattheworld’slargesttechnologyfairtheConsumerElectronicsShowwhichtookplaceinLasVegasthisweek.DespiteallthisactivityhowevertheprospectsformobileTVareunclear.Forastartnobodyreallyknowsifconsumerswillpayforitthoughsurveyssuggesttheyliketheidea.Informaaconsultancysaystherewillbe125millionmobile-TVusersby2010.Butmanyothermobiletechnologiesinspiredhighhopesandthenfailedtoliveuptoexpectations.AndevenifpeopledowantTVonthemovethereisfurtheruncertaintyinthreeareas:technologybusinessmodelsandthecontentitself.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphofthetextthat______.
Thelast-minutevictoryoftheTexasLonghornsinthisyear’sRoseBowl—America’scollegefootballchampionship—wasthekindofthingthatstayswithfansforever.Justaswellbecausemanyhadpaidvastsumstoseethegame.RoseBowlticketsofficiallysoldfor$175each.OntheInternetresellerswerehawkingthemforasmuchas$3000apop."Nobodyknowshowtocontrolthis"observedMitchDorgerthetournament’schiefexecutive. Re-sellingticketsforaprofitknownlesspolitelyasscalpinginAmericaortoutinginBritainisbooming.InAmericaalonethe"secondarymarket"forticketstosought-aftereventsisworthover$10billionreckonsJeffreyFluhrthebossofStubHubanonlineticketmarket.Scalpingusedtobeaboutburlymenlurkingoutsidestadiumswithfistfulsoftickets.Criesof"Ticketshereticketshere"stillringoutbeforekick-off.ButtheInternethascreatedalargerandmoreefficientmarket.SomeInternet-basedticketagenciessuchastickco.comanddynamiteticketzcornactastraditionalscalpersbuyingupticketsandsellingthemonforasubstantialmark-up.ButotherslikeStubHubhaveanewbusinessmodel—bringtogetherbuyersandsellersandthentakeacut.ForeachtransactionStubHubtakesajuicy25%. Despiteitssubstantialcommission—farhigherthanthosechargedbyotheronlineintermediariesincludingeBayorCraigslist—StubHubisflourishing.Thefirmwassetupin2000andthisyear’sRoseBowlwasitsbiggesteventever.TheSuperBowlinearlyFebruarywillbringanothernicehaulashaveU2andRollingStonesconcerts.UnlikeeBaywhichisthelargestonlinetraderinticketsStubHubguaranteeseachtransactionsobuyersneednotworryaboutfraud.Thecompany’srevenuesnowaround$200millionaretriplingannuallydespiteitsstartinthedotcombust.Andthereisplentymoreroomtogrow.Mr.Fluhrnotesthatthemarketremains"highlyfragmented"withtinyoperationsstillflourishingandnewspaperclassifiednotyetdead. Buttherearerisks.Someeventsareboostingpricestocuttheresalemargins;othersareusingspecialmeasurestocrackdown.ThissummerticketstothesoccerWorldCupinGermanywillincludethenameandpassportnumberoftheoriginalpurchaserandembeddedchipsthatmatchthebuyertothetickets. Thentherearelegalworries.InAmericamorethanadozenstateshaveanti-scalpinglawsofvariouskinds.NewMexicoforbidstheresellingofticketsforcollegegames;Mississippidoessoforalleventsongovernment-ownedproperty.Suchlawsareoftenignoredbutcanstillbite.InMassachusettswhereresellingaticketformorethan$2abovefacevalueisunlawfulonefanbroughtalawsuitlastautumnagainst16companiesincludingStubHuboverhispriceyRedSoxtickets. Inboththesecondandthethirdparagraphstheauthoremployswhichofthefollowingwritingdevice
ErnestHemingwaywasoneofthemostimportantAmericanwritersinthehistoryofcontemporaryAmericanliterature.Hewasthe1spokespersonfortheLostGenerationandalsothesixthAmericantowintheNobelPrizeforLiterature1954.Hiswritingstyleandpersonallife2a3influenceonAmericanwritersofhistime. HemingwaywasbornonJuly211899inadoctor’sfamilyinOakParkinthe4ofChicago.Thenovel5establishedHemingway’s6wasTheSunAlsoRises1926.Thestorydescribedagroupof7AmericansandBritonslivinginFrance.Thatisto8itdescribedthelifeofthemembersofthe9LostGenerationafterWorldWarI.Hemingway’ssecondmajornovelwasAFarewelltoArms1929alovestory10inwartimeItaly.Thatnovelwas11byDeathintheAfternoon1932andGreenHillsofAfrica1935.Histwo12ofshortstoriesMenwithoutWomen1927andWinnerTakeNothing1933establishedhisfame13themasterofshortstories. Inthelate1930’sHemingwaybegantoexpress14aboutsocialproblems.HisnovelToHaveandHaveNot193715economicandpoliticalinjustices.ThenovelForWhomtheBellTolls194016theconflictoftheSpanishCivilWar.In1952Hemingwaypublishedem>TheOldManandtheSeafor17hewonthe1953PulitzerPrize.In1954Hemingwaywas18theNobelPrizeofLiterature.Laterbeing19andillheshot20onJuly21961. 19
DespiteincreasedairportsecuritysinceSeptember11th2001thetechnologytoscanbothpassengersandbaggageforweaponsandbombsremainslargelyunchanged.Travellerswalkthroughmetaldetectorsandcarry-onbagspassthroughx-raymachinesthatsuperimposecolour-codedhighlightsbutdolittleelse.Checked-inluggageisscreenedbycomputedtomographywhichpeersinsideasuitcaseratherlikeaCATscanofabrain.Thesesystemscanalertanoperatortosomethingsuspiciousbuttheycannottellwhatitis.Moresophisticatedscreeningtechnologiesareemergingalbeitslowly.Therearethreemainapproaches:enhancedx-raystospothiddenobjectssensortechnologytosniffdangerouschemicalsandradiofrequenciesthatcanidentifyliquidsandsolids.Anumberofmanufacturersareusingreflectiveorbackscatterx-raysthatcanbecalibratedtoseeobjectsthroughclothing.Theycanspotthingsthatametaldetectormaynotsuchasaceramicknifeorplasticexplosives.Butsomepeoplethinktheycanrevealtoomuch.InAmericacivil-libertiesgroupshavestalledtheintroductionofsuchequipmentarguingthatitistoointrusive.Toprotecttravellers’modestyfiltershavebeencreatedtoblurgenitalareas.Machinesthatcandetectminutetracesofexplosivearealsobeingtested.Passengerswalkthroughamachinethatblowsaburstofairintendedtodislodgemoleculesofsubstancesonaperson’sbodyandclothes.Theairissuckedintoafilterwhichinstantaneouslyanalysesittoseewhetheritincludesanysuspectsubstances.Theprocesscanworkforbaggageaswell.Itisavastimprovementontoday’smethodwherebycarry-onitemsareoccasionallyswabbedandscreenedfortracesofexplosives.Becausethisisamanualoperationonlyasmallshareofbagsareexaminedthisway.Themostradicalofthenewapproachesusesquadrupoleresonancetechnology.Thisinvolvesbombardinganobjectwithradiowaves.Byreadingthereturningsignalsthemachinescanidentifythemolecularstructureofthematerialsitcontains.Sinceeverycompound—solidliquidorgas—createsauniquefrequencyitcanbereadlikeafingerprint.Thesystemcanbeusedtolookfordrugsaswellasexplosives.Forthesetechnologiestomakethejumpfromdevelopmentlabsandsmalltrialstofulldeploymentatairportstheymustbeavailableatapricethatairportsarepreparedtopay.TheymustalsobeeasytousetakeuplittlespaceandprovidequickresultssaysChrisYatesasecurityexpertwithJane’sAirportReview.NormanShanksanairportsecurityexpertsaysaddingthenewtechnologiescostsaround$100000permachine;heexpectsthesystemstoberolledoutcommerciallyoverthenext12months.Theymightcloseoffoneroutetodestroyinganairlinerbutacruelcertaintyisthatterroristswilltrytofindothers.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthe2ndparagraphandthe3rd4thand5thparagraphs
MenorcaorMajorcaItisthattimeoftheyearagain.Thebrochuresarepilingupintravelagentswhilenewspapersandmagazinesbulgewithadviceaboutwheretogo.ButthetraditionalpackagedholidayaBritishinnovationthatprovidedmanytimidnativeswiththeirfirstexperienceofwarmsandisnotwhatitwas.IndeedtheindustryisanxiouslyawaitingaHighCourtrulingtofindoutexactlywhatitnowis. TwothingshavechangedthewayBritonsresearchandbooktheirholidays:low-costairlinesandtheInternet.Insteadofbuyingaready-madepackageconsistingofaflighthotelcarhireandassortedentertainmentfromatouroperator’sbrochureitisnoweasytoputtogetheratripusinganonlinetravelagentlikeExpediaorTravelocitywhichlastJulyboughtLastminute.comfor￡577million$1billionorfromtheproliferatingwebsitesofairlineshotelsandcar-rentalfirms. Thishasledsometosoundthedeathknellforhigh-streettravelagentsandtouroperators.Therehavebeenupheavalsandclosuresbutthetraditionalfirmsarestartingtofightbackinpartbymovingmoreoftheirbusinessonline.FirstChoiceHolidaysforinstancesawitspre-taxprofitriseby16%to￡114million$195millionintheyeartotheendofOctober.Althoughtheoverallnumberofholidaysbookedhasfallenthecompanyisconcentratingonmorevaluablelong-haulandadventuretrips.FirstChoicenowsellsmorethanhalfitstripsdirectlyeitherviatheInternetoverthetelephoneorfromitsowntravelshops.Itwantsthattoreach75%withinafewyears. Othertouroperatorsareshowingsimilarhustle.MyTravelmanagedtocutitslossbyalmosthalfin2005.ThomasCookandThomsonHolidaysnowbothGermanownedarealsobullishaboutthecomingholidayseason.Highstreettravelagentsarehavingatoughertimethoughnotleastbecausemanyleadingtouroperationshavecutthecommissionstheypay. Somehigh-streettravelagentsarealsolearningtolivewiththeInternethelpingpeoplebookcomplicatedtripsthattheyhaveresearchedonlineprovidingadviceandtackingonotherservices.Thisisseenasagrowtharea.Butifanagentputstogetherseparateflightsandhotelaccommodationisthatapackagetoo TheCivilAviationAuthorityCAAsaysitisandtheagentshouldholdanAirTravelOrganisersLicencewhichprovidesfinancialguaranteestorepatriatepeopleandproviderefunds.Theschemedatesfromtheearly1970swhensomelargeBritishtravelfirmswentbuststrandingcustomersontheCostas.AlthoughsuchfailuresarelesscommonthesedaystheCAAhadtohelpoutsome30000peoplelastyear.TheAssociationofBritishTravelAgentswenttotheHighCourtinNovembertoarguesuchbookingsarenottraditionalpackagesandsodonotrequireagentstoacquirethecostlylicences.WhilethecourtdecidesmillionsofBritonswillhappilyclickawaybuyingonlineholidaysunawareofthedifference. Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue
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