首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《填空》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
热门试题
更多
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationoftheblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.ChoosethebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmericanblackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservantsorlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtotheNorthfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrialcities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYorkCityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.Theseghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhichblackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettosremainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities. 41.Seriousproblemswithblackghettos.__________ Stablefamilylifewasdifficulttomaintain. 42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.__________ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtotheso-called"underclass"theyareso"under-privileged"andpoorthattheycannotseizetheopportunityforadvancement. 43.Effortstoputanendtoracialdiscrimination.__________ RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobeathornyproblem. 44.Improvementsinlivesoftheblacks.__________ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving. 45.Prevailingviolenceinsolvingracialproblems.__________ Itissaidthattelevisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandbitterblacksforitshowedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendofthe1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities. Theviolencequicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure.CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngelesCaliforniaelectedblackmayors.IntegrationofschoolsdespiteresistancefromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancollegeshasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintainacautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20millionAmericansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsofwhites. [B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.Inmoreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheirstandardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstillahardstruggle.ThereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmostwalksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthroughthecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarchesandsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlawsinschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethe"whitesonly"noticesinbusedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonparkbenchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Goneweretherestrictionsthatpreventedblacksvoting.Gonetoowerethehideouslynch-ingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsofinnocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventodaypooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthemoreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect. [D]Manyblackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingtoviolence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilencewouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultinginanegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewouldgivethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedandputmoreracialdiscriminationonthem. [E]Unemployedfatherswouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglectedbytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemorethan700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesandHoustonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblackghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks. [F]RadicalblacksliketheBlackPanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithintheUnionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselvesagainstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.ForawhileviolenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblackMartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipforthosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunnedAmerica. 43
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Atinybutpowerfulnewlightweightdrillhasbeendevelopedbyspacescientistsandengineers.Itexpandsthefieldsinwhichdrillinghasbeendifficultinthepast.Thenewdrillcouldbeusedinthedrillingrequiredduringsurgicalordiagnosticproceduresinvolvingbonesorwhenextractingheartpacemakerleads.Futurespacemissionscouldincludedrillingforrockandsoilsamplesusingonlylightweightlandingvehicleswithroboticarms.Thecolorphotoshowsthenewdrillerpenetratingasandstonewhilethedrillisheldonlyfromitspowercord.Relativelysmallverticalforceisusedinthisapplication--afactorthatwillbeusefulwhenthedrillisusedinfuturespacemissionsandweightneedstobekepttoaminimum.Thedrillisdrivenbypiezoelectricdeviceswhichhaveonlytwomovingpartsbutnogearsormotors.Piezoelectricsarematerialsthatchangetheirshapeundertheapplicationofanelectricalfield.Thedrillcanbeadaptedeasilytooperationsinarangeoftemperaturesfromextremelycoldtoveryhot.Unlikeconventionalrotarydrillsthedrillcandrilleventhehardestrockswithoutsignificantweightonthedrillingbit."ThedrillisadevicethatoffersexcitingnewcapabilitiesforspaceexplorationinfutureNASAmissions"saidDr.YosephBar-CohenwholeadsNASA’sJetPropulsionlaboratory’sNondestructiveEvaluationandAdvancedActuatorTechnologiesunit."BesidestheimmediatebenefitsofthetechnologytoNASAitispavingthewayforotheruniquemechanismsthatarebeingdevelopedinourlaboratoryandelsewhere"hesaid.Thedemonstrationunitpicturedinthecolorphotographweighsabout0.7kilogramswhichissufficienttodrill12millimeterdiameterholesinrocksusinglessthan10wattsofpower.Comparablerotarydrillsusuallyrequiretheapplicationof20to30timesgreaterpushingforceandmorethanthreetimesthepower.Otheradvantagestothedrillarenodrillnoiseandnodrillmovementacrossthesurfaceonstart-up.Thedrillbodywillnotrotatethespeeddoesnotdecreasewithtimeandthebitdoesnotrequiresharpening.Thebitcanbeguidedbyhandsafelyduringoperation.Thedrillcandrillholesindifferentcross-sectionssuchassquareandround.SaidDr.YosephBar-Cohen"Thankstothedevelopmentoftechnologyassociatedwiththisdrillnewdevicescanbemadetobesmallandlightweighttoconsumelittlepowerandtoexhibitahighstandardofreliability." Ausefulfeatureofthenewdrillforspacemissionis
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationoftheblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.ChoosethebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmericanblackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservantsorlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtotheNorthfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrialcities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYorkCityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.Theseghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhichblackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettosremainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities. 41.Seriousproblemswithblackghettos.__________ Stablefamilylifewasdifficulttomaintain. 42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.__________ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtotheso-called"underclass"theyareso"under-privileged"andpoorthattheycannotseizetheopportunityforadvancement. 43.Effortstoputanendtoracialdiscrimination.__________ RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobeathornyproblem. 44.Improvementsinlivesoftheblacks.__________ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving. 45.Prevailingviolenceinsolvingracialproblems.__________ Itissaidthattelevisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandbitterblacksforitshowedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendofthe1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities. Theviolencequicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure.CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngelesCaliforniaelectedblackmayors.IntegrationofschoolsdespiteresistancefromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancollegeshasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintainacautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20millionAmericansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsofwhites. [B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.Inmoreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheirstandardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstillahardstruggle.ThereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmostwalksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthroughthecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarchesandsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlawsinschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethe"whitesonly"noticesinbusedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonparkbenchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Goneweretherestrictionsthatpreventedblacksvoting.Gonetoowerethehideouslynch-ingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsofinnocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventodaypooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthemoreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect. [D]Manyblackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingtoviolence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilencewouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultinginanegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewouldgivethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedandputmoreracialdiscriminationonthem. [E]Unemployedfatherswouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglectedbytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemorethan700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesandHoustonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblackghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks. [F]RadicalblacksliketheBlackPanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithintheUnionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselvesagainstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.ForawhileviolenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblackMartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipforthosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunnedAmerica. 45
Text2IncitiesallovertheUnitedStatesworkersspendseveralhoursadayincarscrawlingalongintraffictogettoofficesmanymilesfromhome.Theyexperiencestresswastetimeandpayalotforgascarmaintenanceandparking.Oncetheygettoworktheymaketheirwaythroughamazeofcubicleseachwithitscomputerphoneandfilecabinet.NancyAlleyhumanresourcesmanageratTBWAChiat/Daydoesn’t.Shestaysathometalkingwithmanagersoverthephoneandfaxinginpaperwork.InsteadofwalkingdownthehalltochatwithcoworkerssheE-mailsthem.Nancyisatelecommutersomeonewhoworkssomeorallofthetimeathome.Since1990thenumberofU.S.telecommutershasgrownfrom4.2millionto9.2million.Highwaycongestionthehighcostofofficespacefederalclean-airlawsreducedworkforcesandlifestyleneeds--allthesefactorscontributetothegrowthoftelecommuting.Whatmakesitpossibleistechnology.DesktopandlaptoppersonalcomputersnetworkingvideoconferencingfaxmachinesE-mailandmultiplephonelinesprovidethefastandefficientcommunicationrequiredfortelecommuting.Theexperiencesofmanycompaniessuggestthattelecommutingcanincreaseworkplaceflexibilityandenhanceproductivity.AtGeorgiaPowerCompanyforexampleapilottelecommutingprojectwassosuccessfulthatthecompanydecidedtotripleitsnumberoftelecommuters.Thecompanyreducedthecostofleasedofficespaceby$100000ayearincreasedproductivityamongthetelecommutingemployeesofitscustomerservicecenterandsavedtheworkersacombined750commutermilesaday.Telecommutinghoweverisnotwithoutitsobstacles.Atonecomputersoftwarefirmtheinformationsystemsmanagerofferedtelecommutingasanoptiontoher100-personstaff.Afterthreemonthsthestaffmembersreportedthatbeingawayfromtheofficewascounterproductivetotheirwork.Programmersmissedbeingabletodropbyanalystscubicleswithquestionsandeveryonere-portedtheywereinterruptedathomemoreoften.Aspartofitscost-cuttinginitiativeNestlerequired140salesemployeestotelecommute.Facingmanytechnicalproblemswithtelephonelinesandfrustratinglyslowcomputernetworkingmostofthesetelecommutersfounditanannoyingexperience.Telecommutingalsomakesmanyemployeesfeelisolatedandoutoftouchleadingtodecreasedmotivationandlessnotmoreproductivity.Byblurringtilebarriersbetweenworkandfamilytelecommutingoftenleadstomoreworkhoursandmoreinterferencewithfamilylife.Telecommutingisnotuniversallyapplicable.Jobsandindividualsmustbesuitableandstaffmustbecapableofmanagingtelecommuters.Inadditiontechnologicalimprovementssuchashigh-speedmodemsarecrucial.Fewpeopleexpecttoconductbusinessregularlyfromatropicalislandormountainresortanytimesoon. Morepeoplechoosetotelecommutebecause
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Atinybutpowerfulnewlightweightdrillhasbeendevelopedbyspacescientistsandengineers.Itexpandsthefieldsinwhichdrillinghasbeendifficultinthepast.Thenewdrillcouldbeusedinthedrillingrequiredduringsurgicalordiagnosticproceduresinvolvingbonesorwhenextractingheartpacemakerleads.Futurespacemissionscouldincludedrillingforrockandsoilsamplesusingonlylightweightlandingvehicleswithroboticarms.Thecolorphotoshowsthenewdrillerpenetratingasandstonewhilethedrillisheldonlyfromitspowercord.Relativelysmallverticalforceisusedinthisapplication--afactorthatwillbeusefulwhenthedrillisusedinfuturespacemissionsandweightneedstobekepttoaminimum.Thedrillisdrivenbypiezoelectricdeviceswhichhaveonlytwomovingpartsbutnogearsormotors.Piezoelectricsarematerialsthatchangetheirshapeundertheapplicationofanelectricalfield.Thedrillcanbeadaptedeasilytooperationsinarangeoftemperaturesfromextremelycoldtoveryhot.Unlikeconventionalrotarydrillsthedrillcandrilleventhehardestrockswithoutsignificantweightonthedrillingbit."ThedrillisadevicethatoffersexcitingnewcapabilitiesforspaceexplorationinfutureNASAmissions"saidDr.YosephBar-CohenwholeadsNASA’sJetPropulsionlaboratory’sNondestructiveEvaluationandAdvancedActuatorTechnologiesunit."BesidestheimmediatebenefitsofthetechnologytoNASAitispavingthewayforotheruniquemechanismsthatarebeingdevelopedinourlaboratoryandelsewhere"hesaid.Thedemonstrationunitpicturedinthecolorphotographweighsabout0.7kilogramswhichissufficienttodrill12millimeterdiameterholesinrocksusinglessthan10wattsofpower.Comparablerotarydrillsusuallyrequiretheapplicationof20to30timesgreaterpushingforceandmorethanthreetimesthepower.Otheradvantagestothedrillarenodrillnoiseandnodrillmovementacrossthesurfaceonstart-up.Thedrillbodywillnotrotatethespeeddoesnotdecreasewithtimeandthebitdoesnotrequiresharpening.Thebitcanbeguidedbyhandsafelyduringoperation.Thedrillcandrillholesindifferentcross-sectionssuchassquareandround.SaidDr.YosephBar-Cohen"Thankstothedevelopmentoftechnologyassociatedwiththisdrillnewdevicescanbemadetobesmallandlightweighttoconsumelittlepowerandtoexhibitahighstandardofreliability." Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthepatentofthedrillisheldby
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
In1880SirJoshuaWaddiloveaVictorianphilanthropistfoundedProvidentFinancialtoprovideaffordableloanstoworking-classfamiliesinandaroundBradfordinnorthernEngland.ThismonthhiscompanynowoneofBritain’sleadingprovidersof"homecredit"—smallshort-termunsecuredloans—beganthenationwiderolloutofVanquisacreditcardaimedatpeoplethatmainstreamlendersshun.Thecardoffersupto￡200$380ofcreditataprice:fortheriskiestcustomerstheannualinterestratewillbe69%. Providentsaysthatthetypicalinterestrateiscloserto50%andthatitchargesnofeesforlatepaymentsorbreachingcreditlimits.Stillthatistripletherateonregularcreditcardsandfarabovethe30%chargedbystorecards.AndtheVanquiscardisbeinglaunchedjustwhenBritain’spoliticiansandmediaarefullofworryaboutsoaringconsumerdebt.Lastmonthamantookhisownlifeafterrunningupdebtsof￡130000on22differentcreditcards. Creditcardsfor"sub-prime"borrowersastheindustrydelicatelycallsthosewithpoorcreditrecordsarenewinBritainbuthavebeencommoninAmericaforawhile.Lendersbeganissuingthemwhentheprimemarketbecamesaturatedpromptingthemtolookfornewsourcesofprofit.EveninAmericathesub-primemarkethasplentyofroomforgrowth.DavidRobertsonoftheNilsonReportatrademagazinereckonsthatoutstandingsub-primecredit-carddebtaccountsforonly3%ofthe$597billionthatAmericansoweonplastic.Thesub-primesectorgrewby7.9%lastyearcomparedwithonly2.6%fortheindustryasawhole. Youmightwonderthoughhowcompaniescanmakemoneyfromlendingtocustomerstheyknowtobebadrisks—oratanyratehowtheycandoitlegitimately.Whereasdelinquenciesinthecredit-cardindustryasawholearearound4%-5%thoseinthesub-primemarketarealmosttwiceashighandcanreach15%inhardtimes. Obviouslyissuerschargehigherinterestratestocompensatethemforthehigherriskofnotbeingrepaid.Andallacrossthecredit-cardindustrytheassessmentandpricingofriskshasbeengettingmoreandmorerefinedthankslargelytoadvancesintechnologyanddataprocessing.Companiesalsousesophisticatedcomputerprogramstotrackslowerpaymentorothersignsofincreasedrisk.Sub-primeissuerspayasmuchattentiontocollectingdebtastomanagingrisk;theyimposeextrachargessuchasapplicationfees;andtheycaptheirpotentiallossesbylendingonlysmallamounts$500isatypicalcreditlimit. Allthisiseasiertodescribethantodoespeciallywhentheeconomyslows.Aftertheburstingofthetechnologybubblein2000severalsub-primecredit-cardprovidersfailed.Nowthereareonlyaround100ofwhichnineissuecreditcards.SurvivorssuchasMetrisandProvidiantwoofthebiggersub-primecardcompanieshavebecomechoosierabouttheircustomers’credithistories. Astheeconomyrecoveredsodidlenders’fortunes.Fitcharatingagencysaysthattheproportionofsub-primecredit-cardborrowerswhoaremorethan60daysinarrearsagoodpredictorofeventualdefaultisthelowestsinceNovember2001.ButwithAmericaninterestratesrisingagainsomeworryaboutanothersqueeze.AsFitch’sMichaelDeanpointsoutsub-primeborrowerstendtohavenotjusthigher-ratecreditcardsbutdearerautoloansandvariable-ratemortgagesaswell.Thatmakesariskybusinessevenriskier. Vanquisisdifferentfromregularcardsinthat
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructuredesignedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.46AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliamsandEdwardGriegwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneercomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags. Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.ForinstanceWilfredMellerscomments"ragsweretransferredtothepianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachineshouldbeplayedlikeamachinewithmeticulousprecision."47Howeverthereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoittheonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecisionanditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform. Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrainsoftenorganizedwithrepeats.48Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainorthemefollowedbyasimilarthemeleadingtoamelodyofmarkedlyricalcharacterwiththestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmannerendingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalikesotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.49Thereforenotconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemestheragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedformandlinksittovariousrelatedthemesthatarebriefwithclearmelodicfigures.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass—calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass--inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand. Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythmsnottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.50Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructurenotinventivenessorvirtuosityexistingasatraditionasetofconventionsabodyofwrittenscoresseparatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz. Howeverthereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoittheonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.
PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeignministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermathwouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopularweb-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouthhumiliatedAustriaandEurope’sotherpowers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestofthetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsiteandMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingwebportal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichrespondedbyforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreatea"balanceofpower"againstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesamething. GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.ItstruckadealwithViacoman"old"mediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicatevideoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsitesandintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderinthefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.ItalsoannouncedadealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-videallthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsitesincludingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiatingwithNewsCorporation.BothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchtoGoogleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.TheyhavealsofallenfurtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmakelessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SafaRashtchyananalystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforeveryadvertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithaddesignedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditssharepricefellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop. MSNisfurtherbehindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesanevenmorefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snewventuresbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethroughtheirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorandspreadsheetforinstance. ThesmallereBayontheotherhandmightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalotoftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertisersonGoogle’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialre-centstudyfromBerkeley’sHaasSchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%ofeBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3%ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercutitscorebusiness.SellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtextadvertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBaytoconnectwithsellersdirectly.Asaresult"eBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeeppartnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerintheindustry"saidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesoundinglikediplomatsattheCongressofViennain1814. Yahoo!andMSNaremakinglessmoneyforthesamenumberofsearcheschieflybecause
In1880SirJoshuaWaddiloveaVictorianphilanthropistfoundedProvidentFinancialtoprovideaffordableloanstoworking-classfamiliesinandaroundBradfordinnorthernEngland.ThismonthhiscompanynowoneofBritain’sleadingprovidersof"homecredit"—smallshort-termunsecuredloans—beganthenationwiderolloutofVanquisacreditcardaimedatpeoplethatmainstreamlendersshun.Thecardoffersupto￡200$380ofcreditataprice:fortheriskiestcustomerstheannualinterestratewillbe69%. Providentsaysthatthetypicalinterestrateiscloserto50%andthatitchargesnofeesforlatepaymentsorbreachingcreditlimits.Stillthatistripletherateonregularcreditcardsandfarabovethe30%chargedbystorecards.AndtheVanquiscardisbeinglaunchedjustwhenBritain’spoliticiansandmediaarefullofworryaboutsoaringconsumerdebt.Lastmonthamantookhisownlifeafterrunningupdebtsof￡130000on22differentcreditcards. Creditcardsfor"sub-prime"borrowersastheindustrydelicatelycallsthosewithpoorcreditrecordsarenewinBritainbuthavebeencommoninAmericaforawhile.Lendersbeganissuingthemwhentheprimemarketbecamesaturatedpromptingthemtolookfornewsourcesofprofit.EveninAmericathesub-primemarkethasplentyofroomforgrowth.DavidRobertsonoftheNilsonReportatrademagazinereckonsthatoutstandingsub-primecredit-carddebtaccountsforonly3%ofthe$597billionthatAmericansoweonplastic.Thesub-primesectorgrewby7.9%lastyearcomparedwithonly2.6%fortheindustryasawhole. Youmightwonderthoughhowcompaniescanmakemoneyfromlendingtocustomerstheyknowtobebadrisks—oratanyratehowtheycandoitlegitimately.Whereasdelinquenciesinthecredit-cardindustryasawholearearound4%-5%thoseinthesub-primemarketarealmosttwiceashighandcanreach15%inhardtimes. Obviouslyissuerschargehigherinterestratestocompensatethemforthehigherriskofnotbeingrepaid.Andallacrossthecredit-cardindustrytheassessmentandpricingofriskshasbeengettingmoreandmorerefinedthankslargelytoadvancesintechnologyanddataprocessing.Companiesalsousesophisticatedcomputerprogramstotrackslowerpaymentorothersignsofincreasedrisk.Sub-primeissuerspayasmuchattentiontocollectingdebtastomanagingrisk;theyimposeextrachargessuchasapplicationfees;andtheycaptheirpotentiallossesbylendingonlysmallamounts$500isatypicalcreditlimit. Allthisiseasiertodescribethantodoespeciallywhentheeconomyslows.Aftertheburstingofthetechnologybubblein2000severalsub-primecredit-cardprovidersfailed.Nowthereareonlyaround100ofwhichnineissuecreditcards.SurvivorssuchasMetrisandProvidiantwoofthebiggersub-primecardcompanieshavebecomechoosierabouttheircustomers’credithistories. Astheeconomyrecoveredsodidlenders’fortunes.Fitcharatingagencysaysthattheproportionofsub-primecredit-cardborrowerswhoaremorethan60daysinarrearsagoodpredictorofeventualdefaultisthelowestsinceNovember2001.ButwithAmericaninterestratesrisingagainsomeworryaboutanothersqueeze.AsFitch’sMichaelDeanpointsoutsub-primeborrowerstendtohavenotjusthigher-ratecreditcardsbutdearerautoloansandvariable-ratemortgagesaswell.Thatmakesariskybusinessevenriskier. Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasawaytoreducerisksofcreditcardindustry
PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeignministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermathwouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopularweb-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouthhumiliatedAustriaandEurope’sotherpowers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestofthetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsiteandMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingwebportal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichrespondedbyforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreatea"balanceofpower"againstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesamething. GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.ItstruckadealwithViacoman"old"mediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicatevideoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsitesandintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderinthefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.ItalsoannouncedadealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-videallthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsitesincludingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiatingwithNewsCorporation.BothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchtoGoogleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.TheyhavealsofallenfurtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmakelessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SafaRashtchyananalystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforeveryadvertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithaddesignedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditssharepricefellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop. MSNisfurtherbehindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesanevenmorefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snewventuresbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethroughtheirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorandspreadsheetforinstance. ThesmallereBayontheotherhandmightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalotoftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertisersonGoogle’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialre-centstudyfromBerkeley’sHaasSchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%ofeBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3%ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercutitscorebusiness.SellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtextadvertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBaytoconnectwithsellersdirectly.Asaresult"eBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeeppartnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerintheindustry"saidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesoundinglikediplomatsattheCongressofViennain1814. JulienandSteveseemtosuggestthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text3Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresultofficialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrewtheMidwestfloodof1993andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterpredictionandhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earth-quakeinSanFranciscoCaliforniabankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyearsasspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.ForinstancepriortoHurricaneAn-drewin1992manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan8billionindamagesIotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrewestimatedatabout17billionshatteredthesebeliefs.Todayestimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach100billion.Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiativewhichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurancesetupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprogramseffectivelyimplementedcouldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.Becausethestakesaresohighthescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicy-makersalike.Hurricanestornadoesfloodsearthquakestsunamisandvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction--forecastscommunicationanduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertaintyandbecausemuchremainstobelearnedscientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyusedhoweverdisasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text3Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresultofficialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrewtheMidwestfloodof1993andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterpredictionandhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earth-quakeinSanFranciscoCaliforniabankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyearsasspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.ForinstancepriortoHurricaneAn-drewin1992manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan8billionindamagesIotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrewestimatedatabout17billionshatteredthesebeliefs.Todayestimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach100billion.Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiativewhichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurancesetupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprogramseffectivelyimplementedcouldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.Becausethestakesaresohighthescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicy-makersalike.Hurricanestornadoesfloodsearthquakestsunamisandvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction--forecastscommunicationanduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertaintyandbecausemuchremainstobelearnedscientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyusedhoweverdisasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters. Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeignministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermathwouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopularweb-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouthhumiliatedAustriaandEurope’sotherpowers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestofthetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsiteandMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingwebportal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichrespondedbyforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreatea"balanceofpower"againstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesamething. GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.ItstruckadealwithViacoman"old"mediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicatevideoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsitesandintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderinthefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.ItalsoannouncedadealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-videallthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsitesincludingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiatingwithNewsCorporation.BothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchtoGoogleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.TheyhavealsofallenfurtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmakelessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SafaRashtchyananalystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforeveryadvertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithaddesignedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditssharepricefellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop. MSNisfurtherbehindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesanevenmorefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snewventuresbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethroughtheirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorandspreadsheetforinstance. ThesmallereBayontheotherhandmightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalotoftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertisersonGoogle’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialre-centstudyfromBerkeley’sHaasSchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%ofeBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3%ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercutitscorebusiness.SellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtextadvertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBaytoconnectwithsellersdirectly.Asaresult"eBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeeppartnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerintheindustry"saidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesoundinglikediplomatsattheCongressofViennain1814. PrinceKlemensismentionedinthefirstparagraphto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationoftheblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.ChoosethebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmericanblackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservantsorlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtotheNorthfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrialcities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYorkCityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.Theseghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhichblackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettosremainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities. 41.Seriousproblemswithblackghettos.__________ Stablefamilylifewasdifficulttomaintain. 42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.__________ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtotheso-called"underclass"theyareso"under-privileged"andpoorthattheycannotseizetheopportunityforadvancement. 43.Effortstoputanendtoracialdiscrimination.__________ RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobeathornyproblem. 44.Improvementsinlivesoftheblacks.__________ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving. 45.Prevailingviolenceinsolvingracialproblems.__________ Itissaidthattelevisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandbitterblacksforitshowedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendofthe1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities. Theviolencequicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure.CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngelesCaliforniaelectedblackmayors.IntegrationofschoolsdespiteresistancefromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancollegeshasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintainacautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20millionAmericansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsofwhites. [B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.Inmoreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheirstandardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstillahardstruggle.ThereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmostwalksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthroughthecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarchesandsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlawsinschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethe"whitesonly"noticesinbusedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonparkbenchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Goneweretherestrictionsthatpreventedblacksvoting.Gonetoowerethehideouslynch-ingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsofinnocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventodaypooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthemoreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect. [D]Manyblackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingtoviolence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilencewouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultinginanegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewouldgivethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedandputmoreracialdiscriminationonthem. [E]Unemployedfatherswouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglectedbytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemorethan700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesandHoustonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblackghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks. [F]RadicalblacksliketheBlackPanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithintheUnionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselvesagainstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.ForawhileviolenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblackMartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipforthosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunnedAmerica. 41
WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindowsofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’s"GoldenStairs"wherealleightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.ItremindshimhetoldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlawsisan"awesomeresponsibility".Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominentlypushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskillsshortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliensalreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteepclimbaheadofhim. AsdraftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveralways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwouldtightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kmofvehiclebarriers370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforanelectronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverifythatalltheiremployeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewhoknowinglyhireillegals. Assoonasthebillwasunveileditwasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan"amnesty"thatwouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.TomTancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeofsuccessonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbuttheborder-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehederidedas"solimitedit’salmostajoke".Conservativetalk-radioechoedhiscall.NooneisseriouslyproposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohomeifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced. Mostlaborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogramwhichitsaidwouldgiveemployers"areadypooloflaborthattheycanexploittodrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotections"foreveryoneelse.TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishitentirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peopleayear. Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworrythatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywillhavetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposedfederalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomakemistakes.Evenifonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegalthatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo.Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshortsupply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrantsnearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand. Othergroupshavecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenshipwouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelositheDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswouldhurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyis"aboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues".SomepeopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoyingadomesticsuccess. Despitetheindignationpublicopinionfavorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogiveillegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardandbehave. Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructuredesignedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.46AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliamsandEdwardGriegwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneercomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags. Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.ForinstanceWilfredMellerscomments"ragsweretransferredtothepianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachineshouldbeplayedlikeamachinewithmeticulousprecision."47Howeverthereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoittheonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecisionanditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform. Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrainsoftenorganizedwithrepeats.48Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainorthemefollowedbyasimilarthemeleadingtoamelodyofmarkedlyricalcharacterwiththestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmannerendingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalikesotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.49Thereforenotconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemestheragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedformandlinksittovariousrelatedthemesthatarebriefwithclearmelodicfigures.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass—calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass--inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand. Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythmsnottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.50Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructurenotinventivenessorvirtuosityexistingasatraditionasetofconventionsabodyofwrittenscoresseparatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz. Thereforenotconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemestheragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedformandlinksittovariousrelatedthemesthatarebriefwithclearmelodicfigures
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Directions: Youareplanningtostudyinaforeignuniversity.Writealetterofapplicationtoaskforsomematerials.Writetotellthem 1youreducationalbackgroundand 2whatmajoryouwanttostudy. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon’thavetowritetheaddress.
Text2IncitiesallovertheUnitedStatesworkersspendseveralhoursadayincarscrawlingalongintraffictogettoofficesmanymilesfromhome.Theyexperiencestresswastetimeandpayalotforgascarmaintenanceandparking.Oncetheygettoworktheymaketheirwaythroughamazeofcubicleseachwithitscomputerphoneandfilecabinet.NancyAlleyhumanresourcesmanageratTBWAChiat/Daydoesn’t.Shestaysathometalkingwithmanagersoverthephoneandfaxinginpaperwork.InsteadofwalkingdownthehalltochatwithcoworkerssheE-mailsthem.Nancyisatelecommutersomeonewhoworkssomeorallofthetimeathome.Since1990thenumberofU.S.telecommutershasgrownfrom4.2millionto9.2million.Highwaycongestionthehighcostofofficespacefederalclean-airlawsreducedworkforcesandlifestyleneeds--allthesefactorscontributetothegrowthoftelecommuting.Whatmakesitpossibleistechnology.DesktopandlaptoppersonalcomputersnetworkingvideoconferencingfaxmachinesE-mailandmultiplephonelinesprovidethefastandefficientcommunicationrequiredfortelecommuting.Theexperiencesofmanycompaniessuggestthattelecommutingcanincreaseworkplaceflexibilityandenhanceproductivity.AtGeorgiaPowerCompanyforexampleapilottelecommutingprojectwassosuccessfulthatthecompanydecidedtotripleitsnumberoftelecommuters.Thecompanyreducedthecostofleasedofficespaceby$100000ayearincreasedproductivityamongthetelecommutingemployeesofitscustomerservicecenterandsavedtheworkersacombined750commutermilesaday.Telecommutinghoweverisnotwithoutitsobstacles.Atonecomputersoftwarefirmtheinformationsystemsmanagerofferedtelecommutingasanoptiontoher100-personstaff.Afterthreemonthsthestaffmembersreportedthatbeingawayfromtheofficewascounterproductivetotheirwork.Programmersmissedbeingabletodropbyanalystscubicleswithquestionsandeveryonere-portedtheywereinterruptedathomemoreoften.Aspartofitscost-cuttinginitiativeNestlerequired140salesemployeestotelecommute.Facingmanytechnicalproblemswithtelephonelinesandfrustratinglyslowcomputernetworkingmostofthesetelecommutersfounditanannoyingexperience.Telecommutingalsomakesmanyemployeesfeelisolatedandoutoftouchleadingtodecreasedmotivationandlessnotmoreproductivity.Byblurringtilebarriersbetweenworkandfamilytelecommutingoftenleadstomoreworkhoursandmoreinterferencewithfamilylife.Telecommutingisnotuniversallyapplicable.Jobsandindividualsmustbesuitableandstaffmustbecapableofmanagingtelecommuters.Inadditiontechnologicalimprovementssuchashigh-speedmodemsarecrucial.Fewpeopleexpecttoconductbusinessregularlyfromatropicalislandormountainresortanytimesoon. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Atinybutpowerfulnewlightweightdrillhasbeendevelopedbyspacescientistsandengineers.Itexpandsthefieldsinwhichdrillinghasbeendifficultinthepast.Thenewdrillcouldbeusedinthedrillingrequiredduringsurgicalordiagnosticproceduresinvolvingbonesorwhenextractingheartpacemakerleads.Futurespacemissionscouldincludedrillingforrockandsoilsamplesusingonlylightweightlandingvehicleswithroboticarms.Thecolorphotoshowsthenewdrillerpenetratingasandstonewhilethedrillisheldonlyfromitspowercord.Relativelysmallverticalforceisusedinthisapplication--afactorthatwillbeusefulwhenthedrillisusedinfuturespacemissionsandweightneedstobekepttoaminimum.Thedrillisdrivenbypiezoelectricdeviceswhichhaveonlytwomovingpartsbutnogearsormotors.Piezoelectricsarematerialsthatchangetheirshapeundertheapplicationofanelectricalfield.Thedrillcanbeadaptedeasilytooperationsinarangeoftemperaturesfromextremelycoldtoveryhot.Unlikeconventionalrotarydrillsthedrillcandrilleventhehardestrockswithoutsignificantweightonthedrillingbit."ThedrillisadevicethatoffersexcitingnewcapabilitiesforspaceexplorationinfutureNASAmissions"saidDr.YosephBar-CohenwholeadsNASA’sJetPropulsionlaboratory’sNondestructiveEvaluationandAdvancedActuatorTechnologiesunit."BesidestheimmediatebenefitsofthetechnologytoNASAitispavingthewayforotheruniquemechanismsthatarebeingdevelopedinourlaboratoryandelsewhere"hesaid.Thedemonstrationunitpicturedinthecolorphotographweighsabout0.7kilogramswhichissufficienttodrill12millimeterdiameterholesinrocksusinglessthan10wattsofpower.Comparablerotarydrillsusuallyrequiretheapplicationof20to30timesgreaterpushingforceandmorethanthreetimesthepower.Otheradvantagestothedrillarenodrillnoiseandnodrillmovementacrossthesurfaceonstart-up.Thedrillbodywillnotrotatethespeeddoesnotdecreasewithtimeandthebitdoesnotrequiresharpening.Thebitcanbeguidedbyhandsafelyduringoperation.Thedrillcandrillholesindifferentcross-sectionssuchassquareandround.SaidDr.YosephBar-Cohen"Thankstothedevelopmentoftechnologyassociatedwiththisdrillnewdevicescanbemadetobesmallandlightweighttoconsumelittlepowerandtoexhibitahighstandardofreliability." Atfirstthenewlightweightdrillhasbeeninventedto
Text3Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresultofficialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrewtheMidwestfloodof1993andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterpredictionandhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earth-quakeinSanFranciscoCaliforniabankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyearsasspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.ForinstancepriortoHurricaneAn-drewin1992manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan8billionindamagesIotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrewestimatedatabout17billionshatteredthesebeliefs.Todayestimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach100billion.Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiativewhichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurancesetupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprogramseffectivelyimplementedcouldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.Becausethestakesaresohighthescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicy-makersalike.Hurricanestornadoesfloodsearthquakestsunamisandvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction--forecastscommunicationanduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertaintyandbecausemuchremainstobelearnedscientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyusedhoweverdisasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters. ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsMostpeoplehaterockmusic.WhileIamnotan1orbiasedpersonbynaturetwo2andstrikingpersonalexperiencesofrockmusic3thepasttwoweekshavepersuadedmethatithasbecomeadutyforthoseofuswithenoughcommon4toseeitspotentialdangerstopointthemout.Myfirstexperience--perhapsa5onebuthighlysymptomatic--wastherealizationthatifIspoketomyteenagesonwhenhewaslisteningtorockmusicthroughheadphonesherepliedinan6loudvoiceasiftherewassomethingwrongwithhishearing.Thesecond7whenIwentwithhimtoa"concert"andwitnessedformyselfwhattheseaffairsarelike.8IwenttothatconcertmyfirstandassuredlymylastIhadalways9the"live-and-let-live"attitudethatrockmusicwassimplynotmy10butthatotherpeoplehadeveryfighttoenjoyitifitwastheirs.ButwhatIsawandheard11methatweareallowingsomethingverypowerfultotake12oftheyoungergenerationtoday.13Inoticedsuchcollectivemad-nessbroughtaboutbythenoise14.ButsecondlyandfarmoredangerouslyIobservedthatafteratimeeveryonewas15bytilenoiseandgaveuphis/herindividuality.IntheendIwasinthemiddleofa16crowdwhoclappedandstampedand17aroundlikemonkeys.Itwasthemostdegradinghumanspectacle18Ihaveeverhadthe19towitnessandIseriouslybelievethatintimetocomeourpresentyoungergenerationwouldthankusifwemanagedtoputa20toitnow. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号