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假定经济实现了充分就业，总供给曲线为正斜率，那么减税会使 ( )
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总供给是经济社会的总产量或总产出它描述了经济社会的基本资源用于生产时可能有的产量当经济实现充分就业时
价格水平上升，实际产出增加
价格水平上升，实际产出不变
名义和实际工资都上升
实际产出增加但不影响价格水平
假定经济体系实现了充分就业总供给曲线斜率为正如果政府实行减税政策将导致
价格水平下降
名义工资增加
实际工资增加
国民收入减少
假定经济尚未实现充分就业总供给曲线有正斜率那么减税会使
价格水平上升，实际产出增加
价格水平上升，实际产出不变
价格水平下降，实际产出也下降
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某公司2003年净利润1000万元流通在外普通股800万股无优先股公司执行剩余股利政策当年底每股市价10元2004年投资拟需要资金数额900万元公司仍保持原资本结构为权益资本占70%债务资本占30% 要求计算2003年下列指标 1股利分配率2每股盈余3每股股利4股利支付率5市盈率
在我国收入变动与货币需求量变动之间的关系是
哈伯格条件
巴塞尔协议中为了清除银行间不合理竞争促进国际银行体系的健康发展规定银行的资本充足率应达到
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwesternpeopleatthetime
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttipsofhowtomake agoodspeechfollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choosethebest exampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45. Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. Beforeyouspeaktoanyaudienceyoushouldlearnasmuch aboutitsmembersaspossible.Onlyinthatwaycanyoubestadaptthelevelof yourlanguageandthecontentofyourtalktoyourlisteners.41.Speakingto someoneyouknowwell.______Whereareyoulikelytospeak Certainlyinthisclassyou’llgiveseveraltalksandsinceyouknowmostff notallofthestudentsyoushouldfacenomajorproblemsinadaptingyour approachtothem.Anotherspeakingpossibilityexistsinyour workplace.Athirdspeakingpossibilityexistsinany organizationsocialculturalathleticandsoonthatyoubelongto.You maybeaskedtospeakatthenextmeetingorattheannualbanquet.Here againyouknowthepeopleinvolvedtheirbackgroundtheireducationlevel andtheirattitudesandthat’satremendousadvantageforyou.Sincewe’re upbeatandpositiveinthiscoursewe’llassumethatyou’vegivensuccessful talksunderallthreecircumstancesandwiththiscourseunderyourbeltyou candoitagain.Sincegoodspeakersarehardto.findandwordaboutthem travelsfastsupposethatonedayyougetaninvitationtospeaktoan organizationinwhichyoudon’tknowasoul.WhatdoyoudonowIfyoufeel abletohandlethetopicyou’reaskedtospeakonacceptthisrarechallenge. Here’swhereaudienceanalysiscomesintoplay.Besuretoaskthepersonwho invitedyouforinformationonthemembersinformationthatencompassesabroad spectrumsuchasinthefollowingareas.42.Howoldareyourlisteners ______43.Sexcompositionofyourlisteners.______44.Interestin topic.45.Interestsorhobbiesofthelisteners.[A]If you’reinvitedtospeaktoawomen’sormen’sorganizationyouknowtheanswer tothisquestionatonce.Quiteoftenhoweveraudiencesaremixedfairly evenlyalthoughattimesonesexmaypredominate.[B]Do membersofyourprospectiveaudiencespendeveningswatchingTVmoviesand drinkingbeeratalocaltavernordotheyreadtheHarvardClassicsandattend concertsofBeethovenandMozartDotheyplaybingoand21ordotheypursue thequestionstheintriguingintricaciesofcontractbridgeandchessAnswers tothesequestionscanhelpyouchoosethemostappropriatematerialand languageforyouraudience.Yourchoicescanbecrucialindeterminingthe successorfailureofyourpresentation.[C]Arethe membersrecentcollegegraduatesseniorcitizensorbusinessexecutivesin midcareerJustrememberageexertsapowerfulimpactonpeople’sattitudes valuesandmotivations.[D]Forexampleyourdepartment managermayaskyoutoexplainanddemonstrateaproceduretosomefellow employee.Orshemayselectyoutoaddressyourdepartmentonbehalfofthe localblooddonordrive.Inbothspeechsituations--inclassandonthejob— you’refamiliarwithyouraudience;youspeaktheirlanguage;youhavethingsin commonwiththem.[E]Areyouawareoftheeducational backgroundofyouraudienceHowmanyofthemhavedoctoraldegreesmaster degreesorbachelordegreesThiswilldecidewhatkindoflanguageyoushould adoptandhowmuchtheycanunderstand.[F]Arethe membersoftheorganizationinterestedinthetopicoraretheyrequiredto attendregardlessoftheirinterestIfthelatteristruewhattypesof materialwillmostlikelypiquetheircuriosity
根据序数效用理论分析消费者均衡的实现条件
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthisissueofusingnuclearweaponsagainstJapanseemstobe
Directions: Anewdrughasbeendevelopedandyouareaskedtowriteinstructionsfortheuseofthedrugandyourwritingshouldinclude: 1whatthedrugisusedfor; 2whatshouldbefollowedwhenthedrugisused; 3howtokeepthedrug. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonAnswersheet2.
在下列关于利息的理解中正确酌包括
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Inmychildren’slifetimesIbelievegorillaschimpanzees andorangutanswillallbecomeextinctinthewild.Sothequestionwehaveto askourselvesisthis:dowewantourchildrentoseeonlyinzooswhatusedto existintherealworld46Itisthegreatapesthatwilldisappearfirst becausetherearesofewofthemleftandbecausethey’resovulnerableto changesintheirhabitats.Manyofthethreatstothese animalsresultfromaglobaleconomynotlocalpressures.Thethreattothe orangutaninIndonesiaforexampleislargelyaresultofdeforestationand theriskstoprimatesinAfricaresultfromthetimber-tradeandthedemandfor bush-meat.47Thetwoworktogether:loggingopensuptheforestwhich meansthatthebush-meatcanbegotoutfasttoKinshasaorto London.48Ifwewanttoavoidthedisasterscenario peopleindevelopedcountrieswillhavetotakeaglobalperspectiveandaccept responsibilityforthedamageexportcropssuchastimbercoffeecutflowers orevengreenbeansdototheenvironment.Thechallengeistoavoidsimply imposingwesternattitudesonlocalpeoples.Alreadythereare notrulywildplacesleftintheworld.49Lookingatwildlifehasbecome thepreserveofthemiddleclassesoverthelasttwenty-oddyearsandas wildanimalsbecomeevenrarersomoretouristswanttoseethem.Buttour ismaloneplainlycannotconservetheworld’sanimals;economicdevelopmentis thepriority.ForthefutureIsuspectthatffyoureallywant todosomethingaboutwildlifeconservationyouwouldbebetteroffputting yourmoneyintowomen’seducationratherthanjustintotheprotectionof flagshipspecies.50Womenoftenbearthedirectcostsofwildlife conflict;theirknowledgeofhowtodealwithconflictandhowtocontroltheir ownreproductivedestiniesmayyetdeterminethesurvivalofmanythreatened species.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Inmychildren’slifetimesIbelievegorillaschimpanzees andorangutanswillallbecomeextinctinthewild.Sothequestionwehaveto askourselvesisthis:dowewantourchildrentoseeonlyinzooswhatusedto existintherealworld46Itisthegreatapesthatwilldisappearfirst becausetherearesofewofthemleftandbecausethey’resovulnerableto changesintheirhabitats.Manyofthethreatstothese animalsresultfromaglobaleconomynotlocalpressures.Thethreattothe orangutaninIndonesiaforexampleislargelyaresultofdeforestationand theriskstoprimatesinAfricaresultfromthetimber-tradeandthedemandfor bush-meat.47Thetwoworktogether:loggingopensuptheforestwhich meansthatthebush-meatcanbegotoutfasttoKinshasaorto London.48Ifwewanttoavoidthedisasterscenario peopleindevelopedcountrieswillhavetotakeaglobalperspectiveandaccept responsibilityforthedamageexportcropssuchastimbercoffeecutflowers orevengreenbeansdototheenvironment.Thechallengeistoavoidsimply imposingwesternattitudesonlocalpeoples.Alreadythereare notrulywildplacesleftintheworld.49Lookingatwildlifehasbecome thepreserveofthemiddleclassesoverthelasttwenty-oddyearsandas wildanimalsbecomeevenrarersomoretouristswanttoseethem.Buttour ismaloneplainlycannotconservetheworld’sanimals;economicdevelopmentis thepriority.ForthefutureIsuspectthatffyoureallywant todosomethingaboutwildlifeconservationyouwouldbebetteroffputting yourmoneyintowomen’seducationratherthanjustintotheprotectionof flagshipspecies.50Womenoftenbearthedirectcostsofwildlife conflict;theirknowledgeofhowtodealwithconflictandhowtocontroltheir ownreproductivedestiniesmayyetdeterminethesurvivalofmanythreatened species.
预算组织结构的设计必须遵循最基本管理原则
Text3 Duringthepast15yearsthemost importantcomponentofexecutivepaypackagesandtheone.mostresponsiblefor thelargeincreaseinthelevelofsuchcompensationhasbeenstock-option grants.Theincreaseduseofoptiongrantswasjustifiedasawaytoalign executives’interestswithshareholders’.Forvarioustaxaccountingand regulatoryreasonsstock-optiongrantshavelargelycomprisedat-the-money options:rightstopurchasesharesatanexercisepriceequaltothe company’sstockpriceonthegrantdate.Insuchat-the-moneyoptionsthe selectionofthegrantdateforawardingoptionsdeterminestheoptions’ exercisepriceandthuscanhaveasignificanteffectontheirvalue. Earlierresearchbyfinancialeconomistsonbackdatingpracticesfocused ontheextenttowhichthecompany’sstockpricewentupabnormallyafterthe grantdateMycolleaguesandIfocusedinsteadonhowagrant-date’sprice rankedinthedistributionofstockpricesduringthemonthofthegrant. Studyingtheuniverseofabout19000at-the-moneyunscheduledgrantsawarded topubliccompanies’CEOsduringthedecade1996-2005wefoundaclearrelation betweenthelikelihoodofaday’sbeingselectedasagrantdatefor awardingoptionsandtherankoftheday’sstockpricewithintheprice distributionofthemonth:adaywasmostlikelytobechosenifthestockprice wasatthelowestlevelofthemonthsecondmostlikelytobechosenifthe pricewasatthesecond-lowestlevelandsoforth.Thereisanespeciallylarge incidenceofluckygrantsdefinedasgrantsawardedondaysonwhichthe stockpricewasatthelowestlevelofthemonth:12percentofallCEOoption grantswereluckygrantswhileonly4percentwereawardedatthehighestprice ofthemonth.ThepassageoftheSarbanes-OxleyActinAugust 2002requiredfirmstoreportgrantswithintwodaysofanyaward.Mostfirms compliedwiththisrequirementbutmorethan20percentofgrantscontinuedto bereportedafteralongdelay.Thusthelegislationcouldbeexpectedto reducebutnoteliminatebackdating.ThepatternsofCEOluckareconsistent withthisexpectation:thepercentageofgrantsthatwereluckywasahigh15 percentbeforeenactmentofthelawanddeclinedtoalowerbutstill abnormallyhighlevelof8percentafterwards.Altogetherwe estimatethatabout1150CEOstock-optiongrantsowedtheirfinancially advantageousstatustoopportunistictimingratherthantomereluck.This practicewasspreadoverasignificantnumberofCEOsandfirms:weestimate thatabout850CEOsabout10percentandabout720firmsabout12percent receivedorprovidedsuchluckygrants.Inadditionweestimatethatabout550 additionalgrantsatthesecond-lowestorthird-lowestpriceofthemonthowed theirstatustoopportunistictiming.Thecasesthathavecome underscrutinythusfarhaveledtoawidespreadimpressionthatopportunistic timinghasbeenprimarilyconcentratedinneweconomyfirms.Butwhilethe frequencyofluckygrantshasbeensomewhathigherinsuchfirmsmorethan80 percentoftheopportunisticallytimedgrantshavebeenawardedinother sectors.Indeedthereisasignificantlyhigher-than-normalincidenceoflucky grantsineachoftheeconomy’s12industries.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Accordingtothepassagenuclearweaponswereinitiallydesignedto
Text3 Duringthepast15yearsthemost importantcomponentofexecutivepaypackagesandtheone.mostresponsiblefor thelargeincreaseinthelevelofsuchcompensationhasbeenstock-option grants.Theincreaseduseofoptiongrantswasjustifiedasawaytoalign executives’interestswithshareholders’.Forvarioustaxaccountingand regulatoryreasonsstock-optiongrantshavelargelycomprisedat-the-money options:rightstopurchasesharesatanexercisepriceequaltothe company’sstockpriceonthegrantdate.Insuchat-the-moneyoptionsthe selectionofthegrantdateforawardingoptionsdeterminestheoptions’ exercisepriceandthuscanhaveasignificanteffectontheirvalue. Earlierresearchbyfinancialeconomistsonbackdatingpracticesfocused ontheextenttowhichthecompany’sstockpricewentupabnormallyafterthe grantdateMycolleaguesandIfocusedinsteadonhowagrant-date’sprice rankedinthedistributionofstockpricesduringthemonthofthegrant. Studyingtheuniverseofabout19000at-the-moneyunscheduledgrantsawarded topubliccompanies’CEOsduringthedecade1996-2005wefoundaclearrelation betweenthelikelihoodofaday’sbeingselectedasagrantdatefor awardingoptionsandtherankoftheday’sstockpricewithintheprice distributionofthemonth:adaywasmostlikelytobechosenifthestockprice wasatthelowestlevelofthemonthsecondmostlikelytobechosenifthe pricewasatthesecond-lowestlevelandsoforth.Thereisanespeciallylarge incidenceofluckygrantsdefinedasgrantsawardedondaysonwhichthe stockpricewasatthelowestlevelofthemonth:12percentofallCEOoption grantswereluckygrantswhileonly4percentwereawardedatthehighestprice ofthemonth.ThepassageoftheSarbanes-OxleyActinAugust 2002requiredfirmstoreportgrantswithintwodaysofanyaward.Mostfirms compliedwiththisrequirementbutmorethan20percentofgrantscontinuedto bereportedafteralongdelay.Thusthelegislationcouldbeexpectedto reducebutnoteliminatebackdating.ThepatternsofCEOluckareconsistent withthisexpectation:thepercentageofgrantsthatwereluckywasahigh15 percentbeforeenactmentofthelawanddeclinedtoalowerbutstill abnormallyhighlevelof8percentafterwards.Altogetherwe estimatethatabout1150CEOstock-optiongrantsowedtheirfinancially advantageousstatustoopportunistictimingratherthantomereluck.This practicewasspreadoverasignificantnumberofCEOsandfirms:weestimate thatabout850CEOsabout10percentandabout720firmsabout12percent receivedorprovidedsuchluckygrants.Inadditionweestimatethatabout550 additionalgrantsatthesecond-lowestorthird-lowestpriceofthemonthowed theirstatustoopportunistictiming.Thecasesthathavecome underscrutinythusfarhaveledtoawidespreadimpressionthatopportunistic timinghasbeenprimarilyconcentratedinneweconomyfirms.Butwhilethe frequencyofluckygrantshasbeensomewhathigherinsuchfirmsmorethan80 percentoftheopportunisticallytimedgrantshavebeenawardedinother sectors.Indeedthereisasignificantlyhigher-than-normalincidenceoflucky grantsineachoftheeconomy’s12industries.Theresultoftheauthor’sstudyshowsthat
根据美国的在关统计12002年美国的对外贸易赤字规模为4890亿美元占美国当年GDP的4.7%2自2000年以来美国政府开支不断扩大从2000年相当于GDP总额2%的财政盈余发展为2003年相当于GDP总额4%的财政赤字3美国的失业率居高不下达到九年来6.1%的最高水平4与此同时美联储在最近仍然维持45年以来的最低利率水平 运用经济学原理说明美国政府经济政策的性质以及目的并分析应采取什么政策来缓解目前的双赤字和高失业状态
经济利润和正常利润
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttipsofhowtomake agoodspeechfollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choosethebest exampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45. Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. Beforeyouspeaktoanyaudienceyoushouldlearnasmuch aboutitsmembersaspossible.Onlyinthatwaycanyoubestadaptthelevelof yourlanguageandthecontentofyourtalktoyourlisteners.41.Speakingto someoneyouknowwell.______Whereareyoulikelytospeak Certainlyinthisclassyou’llgiveseveraltalksandsinceyouknowmostff notallofthestudentsyoushouldfacenomajorproblemsinadaptingyour approachtothem.Anotherspeakingpossibilityexistsinyour workplace.Athirdspeakingpossibilityexistsinany organizationsocialculturalathleticandsoonthatyoubelongto.You maybeaskedtospeakatthenextmeetingorattheannualbanquet.Here againyouknowthepeopleinvolvedtheirbackgroundtheireducationlevel andtheirattitudesandthat’satremendousadvantageforyou.Sincewe’re upbeatandpositiveinthiscoursewe’llassumethatyou’vegivensuccessful talksunderallthreecircumstancesandwiththiscourseunderyourbeltyou candoitagain.Sincegoodspeakersarehardto.findandwordaboutthem travelsfastsupposethatonedayyougetaninvitationtospeaktoan organizationinwhichyoudon’tknowasoul.WhatdoyoudonowIfyoufeel abletohandlethetopicyou’reaskedtospeakonacceptthisrarechallenge. Here’swhereaudienceanalysiscomesintoplay.Besuretoaskthepersonwho invitedyouforinformationonthemembersinformationthatencompassesabroad spectrumsuchasinthefollowingareas.42.Howoldareyourlisteners ______43.Sexcompositionofyourlisteners.______44.Interestin topic.45.Interestsorhobbiesofthelisteners.[A]If you’reinvitedtospeaktoawomen’sormen’sorganizationyouknowtheanswer tothisquestionatonce.Quiteoftenhoweveraudiencesaremixedfairly evenlyalthoughattimesonesexmaypredominate.[B]Do membersofyourprospectiveaudiencespendeveningswatchingTVmoviesand drinkingbeeratalocaltavernordotheyreadtheHarvardClassicsandattend concertsofBeethovenandMozartDotheyplaybingoand21ordotheypursue thequestionstheintriguingintricaciesofcontractbridgeandchessAnswers tothesequestionscanhelpyouchoosethemostappropriatematerialand languageforyouraudience.Yourchoicescanbecrucialindeterminingthe successorfailureofyourpresentation.[C]Arethe membersrecentcollegegraduatesseniorcitizensorbusinessexecutivesin midcareerJustrememberageexertsapowerfulimpactonpeople’sattitudes valuesandmotivations.[D]Forexampleyourdepartment managermayaskyoutoexplainanddemonstrateaproceduretosomefellow employee.Orshemayselectyoutoaddressyourdepartmentonbehalfofthe localblooddonordrive.Inbothspeechsituations--inclassandonthejob— you’refamiliarwithyouraudience;youspeaktheirlanguage;youhavethingsin commonwiththem.[E]Areyouawareoftheeducational backgroundofyouraudienceHowmanyofthemhavedoctoraldegreesmaster degreesorbachelordegreesThiswilldecidewhatkindoflanguageyoushould adoptandhowmuchtheycanunderstand.[F]Arethe membersoftheorganizationinterestedinthetopicoraretheyrequiredto attendregardlessoftheirinterestIfthelatteristruewhattypesof materialwillmostlikelypiquetheircuriosity
Text3 Duringthepast15yearsthemost importantcomponentofexecutivepaypackagesandtheone.mostresponsiblefor thelargeincreaseinthelevelofsuchcompensationhasbeenstock-option grants.Theincreaseduseofoptiongrantswasjustifiedasawaytoalign executives’interestswithshareholders’.Forvarioustaxaccountingand regulatoryreasonsstock-optiongrantshavelargelycomprisedat-the-money options:rightstopurchasesharesatanexercisepriceequaltothe company’sstockpriceonthegrantdate.Insuchat-the-moneyoptionsthe selectionofthegrantdateforawardingoptionsdeterminestheoptions’ exercisepriceandthuscanhaveasignificanteffectontheirvalue. Earlierresearchbyfinancialeconomistsonbackdatingpracticesfocused ontheextenttowhichthecompany’sstockpricewentupabnormallyafterthe grantdateMycolleaguesandIfocusedinsteadonhowagrant-date’sprice rankedinthedistributionofstockpricesduringthemonthofthegrant. Studyingtheuniverseofabout19000at-the-moneyunscheduledgrantsawarded topubliccompanies’CEOsduringthedecade1996-2005wefoundaclearrelation betweenthelikelihoodofaday’sbeingselectedasagrantdatefor awardingoptionsandtherankoftheday’sstockpricewithintheprice distributionofthemonth:adaywasmostlikelytobechosenifthestockprice wasatthelowestlevelofthemonthsecondmostlikelytobechosenifthe pricewasatthesecond-lowestlevelandsoforth.Thereisanespeciallylarge incidenceofluckygrantsdefinedasgrantsawardedondaysonwhichthe stockpricewasatthelowestlevelofthemonth:12percentofallCEOoption grantswereluckygrantswhileonly4percentwereawardedatthehighestprice ofthemonth.ThepassageoftheSarbanes-OxleyActinAugust 2002requiredfirmstoreportgrantswithintwodaysofanyaward.Mostfirms compliedwiththisrequirementbutmorethan20percentofgrantscontinuedto bereportedafteralongdelay.Thusthelegislationcouldbeexpectedto reducebutnoteliminatebackdating.ThepatternsofCEOluckareconsistent withthisexpectation:thepercentageofgrantsthatwereluckywasahigh15 percentbeforeenactmentofthelawanddeclinedtoalowerbutstill abnormallyhighlevelof8percentafterwards.Altogetherwe estimatethatabout1150CEOstock-optiongrantsowedtheirfinancially advantageousstatustoopportunistictimingratherthantomereluck.This practicewasspreadoverasignificantnumberofCEOsandfirms:weestimate thatabout850CEOsabout10percentandabout720firmsabout12percent receivedorprovidedsuchluckygrants.Inadditionweestimatethatabout550 additionalgrantsatthesecond-lowestorthird-lowestpriceofthemonthowed theirstatustoopportunistictiming.Thecasesthathavecome underscrutinythusfarhaveledtoawidespreadimpressionthatopportunistic timinghasbeenprimarilyconcentratedinneweconomyfirms.Butwhilethe frequencyofluckygrantshasbeensomewhathigherinsuchfirmsmorethan80 percentoftheopportunisticallytimedgrantshavebeenawardedinother sectors.Indeedthereisasignificantlyhigher-than-normalincidenceoflucky grantsineachoftheeconomy’s12industries.Accordingtothepassagemorestock-optionsweregrantedtoexecutivesbecause
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
运用弹性理论评论薄利多销这一传统的经商理念
Text4 Astudyreleasedalittleoveraweek agowhichfoundthateldestchildrenenduponaveragewithslightlyhigher IQ’sthanyoungersiblingswasareminderthatthefightforserlfdefinition startsmuchearlierthanfreshmanyear.Familieswhatevertherelative intelligenceoftheirmembersoftentreatthefirstbornasifheorshewere themostacademicandtheyoungersiblingsfillinotherniches:thewildone theflirt.Theseimposedcaricaturesincombinationwiththe otherlabelsthataccumulatefromthesandboxthroughadolescencecanseemover timelikeamiserablecat.entourageofidentitiesthatcanbesilencedonly withhoursoftherapy.Butthere’sanotherwaytoseethesealternate identities:aschallengesthatcansharpenpsychologicalskills.Inacountry wherereinventionisconsideredabirthrightmanypeopleseemtotreatold identitiesthewayHoudinitreatedpadlockedboxes:somethingtowrigglefree frombeforebeingdraggeddown.Andpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatthis abilitycanbeasignofmentalresilienceoftakingcontrolofyourownstory ratherthanbeingtrappedbyit.Thelate-nightbullsessionsin collegeoratbackyardbarbecuesareatsomelevellikeout-of-bodyexperiences allowingare-coloringofpastexperiencetoconnectwithnew acquaintances.Amoreobviousoutlettoexpandidentity--andonethat’s availabletothosewhohavenotorcannotescapethefamilyandcommunitywhere they’reknownandlabeled—istheInternet.Admittedlyalotofthe role-playingontheInternetcanhaveadeviantquality.Butresearchershave foundthatmanypeoplewhoplaylife-simulationgamesforexamplesetupthe kindoffamiliestheywouldliketohavehadevenscriptalternateversionsof theirownroleinthefamilyorinapeergroup.Decadesagothe psychologistErikEricksonconceivedofmiddleageasastageoflifedefinedby atensionbetweenstagnationandgenerativity-ahealthysenseofguidingand nourishingthenextgenerationofhelpingthecommunity.Inaseriesof studiestheNorthwesternpsychologistDanP.McAdamshasfoundthatadultsin their40sand50swhoselivesshowthisgenerousquality-whooftenvolunteer whohaveasenseofaccomplishment-tellverysimilarstoriesabouthowthey cametobewhotheyare.Whethertheygrewupinruralpovertyorwithviewsof CentralParktheytoldtheirlifestoriesasseriesofredemptivelessons.When theyfailedagradetheyfoundawonderfultutorandlatermadethehonor roll;whenfiredfromagoodjobtheywereforcedtostarttheirown business.Thissimilarityinnarrativeconstructionsmostlikely reflectssomeagencyawillfulreshapingandre-imaginingofthepastthat informsthepresent.Thesearepeoplewhowhetherpeggedasnerdsorrebelsor ploddershavetakencontrolofthestoriesthatformtheir identities.Inconversationpeopleareoftenwillingtohand outthumbnaildescriptionsofthemselves:I’mkindofahermit.Oratalkera practicaljokerastriverasnobamorningperson.Buttheyaremorelikely towincewhensomeoneelsedescribesthemsoauthoritatively. Maybethat’sbecausetheyhavecometoofarshakenoffenougholdlabels already.Likeescapeartistswithalifetime’sexperienceslippingthrough chainstheydon’twantorneedanyadditionalwork.Becausewhilemostpeople canleavetheirfamilynichesschoolyardnicknamesandhighschoolreputations behindtheydon’teverentirelyforgetthem.Psychologistsseemtobelievethatifadultswanttoremaketheiridentitytheyneedto
Text4 Astudyreleasedalittleoveraweek agowhichfoundthateldestchildrenenduponaveragewithslightlyhigher IQ’sthanyoungersiblingswasareminderthatthefightforserlfdefinition startsmuchearlierthanfreshmanyear.Familieswhatevertherelative intelligenceoftheirmembersoftentreatthefirstbornasifheorshewere themostacademicandtheyoungersiblingsfillinotherniches:thewildone theflirt.Theseimposedcaricaturesincombinationwiththe otherlabelsthataccumulatefromthesandboxthroughadolescencecanseemover timelikeamiserablecat.entourageofidentitiesthatcanbesilencedonly withhoursoftherapy.Butthere’sanotherwaytoseethesealternate identities:aschallengesthatcansharpenpsychologicalskills.Inacountry wherereinventionisconsideredabirthrightmanypeopleseemtotreatold identitiesthewayHoudinitreatedpadlockedboxes:somethingtowrigglefree frombeforebeingdraggeddown.Andpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatthis abilitycanbeasignofmentalresilienceoftakingcontrolofyourownstory ratherthanbeingtrappedbyit.Thelate-nightbullsessionsin collegeoratbackyardbarbecuesareatsomelevellikeout-of-bodyexperiences allowingare-coloringofpastexperiencetoconnectwithnew acquaintances.Amoreobviousoutlettoexpandidentity--andonethat’s availabletothosewhohavenotorcannotescapethefamilyandcommunitywhere they’reknownandlabeled—istheInternet.Admittedlyalotofthe role-playingontheInternetcanhaveadeviantquality.Butresearchershave foundthatmanypeoplewhoplaylife-simulationgamesforexamplesetupthe kindoffamiliestheywouldliketohavehadevenscriptalternateversionsof theirownroleinthefamilyorinapeergroup.Decadesagothe psychologistErikEricksonconceivedofmiddleageasastageoflifedefinedby atensionbetweenstagnationandgenerativity-ahealthysenseofguidingand nourishingthenextgenerationofhelpingthecommunity.Inaseriesof studiestheNorthwesternpsychologistDanP.McAdamshasfoundthatadultsin their40sand50swhoselivesshowthisgenerousquality-whooftenvolunteer whohaveasenseofaccomplishment-tellverysimilarstoriesabouthowthey cametobewhotheyare.Whethertheygrewupinruralpovertyorwithviewsof CentralParktheytoldtheirlifestoriesasseriesofredemptivelessons.When theyfailedagradetheyfoundawonderfultutorandlatermadethehonor roll;whenfiredfromagoodjobtheywereforcedtostarttheirown business.Thissimilarityinnarrativeconstructionsmostlikely reflectssomeagencyawillfulreshapingandre-imaginingofthepastthat informsthepresent.Thesearepeoplewhowhetherpeggedasnerdsorrebelsor ploddershavetakencontrolofthestoriesthatformtheir identities.Inconversationpeopleareoftenwillingtohand outthumbnaildescriptionsofthemselves:I’mkindofahermit.Oratalkera practicaljokerastriverasnobamorningperson.Buttheyaremorelikely towincewhensomeoneelsedescribesthemsoauthoritatively. Maybethat’sbecausetheyhavecometoofarshakenoffenougholdlabels already.Likeescapeartistswithalifetime’sexperienceslippingthrough chainstheydon’twantorneedanyadditionalwork.Becausewhilemostpeople canleavetheirfamilynichesschoolyardnicknamesandhighschoolreputations behindtheydon’teverentirelyforgetthem.TheauthormentionedHoudiniinthetextto
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.AccordingtoSteffenspracticingyoga
上市公司财务状况异常是怎么回事特别处理是什么意思
金本位制
下列方面属于集团总部融资管理的重点内容的是
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttipsofhowtomake agoodspeechfollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choosethebest exampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45. Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. Beforeyouspeaktoanyaudienceyoushouldlearnasmuch aboutitsmembersaspossible.Onlyinthatwaycanyoubestadaptthelevelof yourlanguageandthecontentofyourtalktoyourlisteners.41.Speakingto someoneyouknowwell.______Whereareyoulikelytospeak Certainlyinthisclassyou’llgiveseveraltalksandsinceyouknowmostff notallofthestudentsyoushouldfacenomajorproblemsinadaptingyour approachtothem.Anotherspeakingpossibilityexistsinyour workplace.Athirdspeakingpossibilityexistsinany organizationsocialculturalathleticandsoonthatyoubelongto.You maybeaskedtospeakatthenextmeetingorattheannualbanquet.Here againyouknowthepeopleinvolvedtheirbackgroundtheireducationlevel andtheirattitudesandthat’satremendousadvantageforyou.Sincewe’re upbeatandpositiveinthiscoursewe’llassumethatyou’vegivensuccessful talksunderallthreecircumstancesandwiththiscourseunderyourbeltyou candoitagain.Sincegoodspeakersarehardto.findandwordaboutthem travelsfastsupposethatonedayyougetaninvitationtospeaktoan organizationinwhichyoudon’tknowasoul.WhatdoyoudonowIfyoufeel abletohandlethetopicyou’reaskedtospeakonacceptthisrarechallenge. Here’swhereaudienceanalysiscomesintoplay.Besuretoaskthepersonwho invitedyouforinformationonthemembersinformationthatencompassesabroad spectrumsuchasinthefollowingareas.42.Howoldareyourlisteners ______43.Sexcompositionofyourlisteners.______44.Interestin topic.45.Interestsorhobbiesofthelisteners.[A]If you’reinvitedtospeaktoawomen’sormen’sorganizationyouknowtheanswer tothisquestionatonce.Quiteoftenhoweveraudiencesaremixedfairly evenlyalthoughattimesonesexmaypredominate.[B]Do membersofyourprospectiveaudiencespendeveningswatchingTVmoviesand drinkingbeeratalocaltavernordotheyreadtheHarvardClassicsandattend concertsofBeethovenandMozartDotheyplaybingoand21ordotheypursue thequestionstheintriguingintricaciesofcontractbridgeandchessAnswers tothesequestionscanhelpyouchoosethemostappropriatematerialand languageforyouraudience.Yourchoicescanbecrucialindeterminingthe successorfailureofyourpresentation.[C]Arethe membersrecentcollegegraduatesseniorcitizensorbusinessexecutivesin midcareerJustrememberageexertsapowerfulimpactonpeople’sattitudes valuesandmotivations.[D]Forexampleyourdepartment managermayaskyoutoexplainanddemonstrateaproceduretosomefellow employee.Orshemayselectyoutoaddressyourdepartmentonbehalfofthe localblooddonordrive.Inbothspeechsituations--inclassandonthejob— you’refamiliarwithyouraudience;youspeaktheirlanguage;youhavethingsin commonwiththem.[E]Areyouawareoftheeducational backgroundofyouraudienceHowmanyofthemhavedoctoraldegreesmaster degreesorbachelordegreesThiswilldecidewhatkindoflanguageyoushould adoptandhowmuchtheycanunderstand.[F]Arethe membersoftheorganizationinterestedinthetopicoraretheyrequiredto attendregardlessoftheirinterestIfthelatteristruewhattypesof materialwillmostlikelypiquetheircuriosity
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatyoga
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