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萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生应采用（）
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萎缩性胃炎重度不典型增生是癌前病变的病理改变
萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生应采用
质子泵抑制剂
手术切除
饮蛋清及稀释牛奶
洗胃
慢性胃炎伴哪项改变属癌前病变
萎缩性胃炎伴上皮化生
浅表性胃炎伴肠上皮化生
萎缩性胃炎伴假幽门腺化生
萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生
浅表性胃炎伴脐状突起
萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生应采用
洗胃
手术切除
饮蛋清及稀释牛奶
多潘立酮
慢性萎缩性胃炎患者有低酸胃黏膜活检示重度不典型增生表示
早期癌
萎缩性胃炎稳定期
癌前病变
萎缩性胃炎活动期
以上都不是
萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生应采用
质子泵抑制剂
手术切除
饮蛋清及稀释牛奶
多潘立酮(吗丁啉)
慢性胃炎伴哪项改变属癌前病变
浅表性胃炎伴肠腺化生
浅表性胃炎伴脐状突起
萎缩性胃炎伴肠腺化生
萎缩性胃炎伴假性幽门腺化生
萎缩性胃炎伴重度不典型增生
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Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
近代生理学把兴奋性定义为
Personalityistoalargeextentinherent―A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffectsinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparentsitislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren. OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschoolwhichisbyitsverynatureahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthewinatallcostsmoralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersysteminwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippidesthefirstmarathonrunnerdroppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:Rejoiceweconquer! Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionablebutcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful. ObviouslyitisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB’’s.Theworldneedstypesandschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild’’spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement. Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessenedmoretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessionsespeciallymedicinecouldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromAtypestock.B’’sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged. Theselectionofmedicalprofessionalsarecurrentlybasedon________________.
Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction--indeedcontradiction--whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom. Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation.Justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.RatherwehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizenacharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecasebeforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainageitwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountrieswecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschoolscomputer-educationadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement. Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventhefightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itishoweverpresumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientistssomanybusinessmensomanyaccountants.Besidesthisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations. Butforasmallgroupofstudentsprofessionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskillsallotherfactorsbeingequalcanbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcoursethebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineerthatisofcourseandentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake--attheverylongest--acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycasebasiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobservedofcoursethatnoschoolvocationalornotishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose. Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis____________.
在血浆中主要结合运输磺胺类药物的蛋白质是
具有很强的再生能力的间叶组织是
血管壁玻璃样变多见于
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Personalityistoalargeextentinherent―A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffectsinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparentsitislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren. OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschoolwhichisbyitsverynatureahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthewinatallcostsmoralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersysteminwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippidesthefirstmarathonrunnerdroppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:Rejoiceweconquer! Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionablebutcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful. ObviouslyitisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB’’s.Theworldneedstypesandschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild’’spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement. Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessenedmoretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessionsespeciallymedicinecouldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromAtypestock.B’’sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged. AccordingtothepassageA-typeindividualsareusually________________.
女性65岁行走时不慎摔倒右臀着地伤后右髋痛不能站立行走检查见患肢短缩有内收外旋60°畸形大粗隆上移其诊断最可能是
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction--indeedcontradiction--whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom. Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation.Justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.RatherwehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizenacharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecasebeforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainageitwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountrieswecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschoolscomputer-educationadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement. Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventhefightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itishoweverpresumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientistssomanybusinessmensomanyaccountants.Besidesthisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations. Butforasmallgroupofstudentsprofessionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskillsallotherfactorsbeingequalcanbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcoursethebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineerthatisofcourseandentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake--attheverylongest--acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycasebasiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobservedofcoursethatnoschoolvocationalornotishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose. Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis____________.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturycapitalandlabourwereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodemlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiativetowardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompaniesthoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholderswereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylightingtramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers. Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlargeimpersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclassanelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.AllthroughthenineteenthcenturyAmericaAfricaIndiaAustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapitalandBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’’smovementtowardsindustrialisation.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselargecomfortableclasseswhohadretiredontheirincomesandwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.OntheotherhandshareholdingmeantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization. Theshareholdersassuchhadnoknowledgeofthelivesthoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldsharesandhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemandsbutevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunatelyhowevertheincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunionsatleastinallskilledtradesenabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation. AccordingtothepassageallofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat_________________.
女性28岁低热腹胀5个月消瘦伴停经查体见全腹膨隆未触及包块移动性浊音阳性腹水检查比重1.019蛋白38g/L白细胞数560×106/L淋巴细胞80%最可能的诊断是
下列酶中能直接影响细胞内cAMP含量的是
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
YouborrowedsomerecentissuesofU.S.businessmagazinefromyourprofessoramonthagobutdelayedreturningthem.Writealetterofapologytoyourprofessorstatingyourreasonsforthedelayandexpressingyourthanks. Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Insuchachangingcomplexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembersfriendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday. InadditiontothisthereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarⅡ.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunitytheirfriendsofmanyyearstheirextendedfamilyrelationshipstheinformalflowofinformationiscutoffandwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thusthingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned. Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygenerationandthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicatedtime-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming. Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachinereadablefilesandtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevisionradioandveryshortlyelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.ExpertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencingandproblemsindisputecanbesettledWithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformationthusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople. Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexitytheneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccuratereliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblemsthecriticalproblemsoftheirbusinesssocialandfamilylifewillsurviveandsucceed.Knowledgeispowermaywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople. Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________________.
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals________thisislargelybecause________animalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare________toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair________themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact________weareextremelysensitivetosmells________wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof________humansmellsevenwhentheseare________tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother________othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate________smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend________tothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell________cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen________toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit________tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan________newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay________explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells―wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot________oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe________newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors________forunfamiliarandemergencysignals________thesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
低钾血症最早的临床表现是
肠系膜动脉栓塞引起的肠梗阻属于
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.46Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentallycontrolledexperiencesanyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschoolasoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’’ownexperience.Sofaritwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledtheprogressivemovementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.47Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganizationitisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.48Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducationitcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurposedesireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions. Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciencesespeciallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudeandmethod.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsensethebattlehasbeenwonbutnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.49Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservationinquiryreflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation. Finallythescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandactionbetweentheoryandpracticewhichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.50Indeeditisnottoomuchtosaythatinstitutionofahappymarriagebetweentheoryandpracticeisintheendthechiefmeaningofascienceandaphilosophyofeducationthatworktogetherforcommonends.
Insuchachangingcomplexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembersfriendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday. InadditiontothisthereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarⅡ.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunitytheirfriendsofmanyyearstheirextendedfamilyrelationshipstheinformalflowofinformationiscutoffandwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thusthingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned. Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygenerationandthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicatedtime-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming. Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachinereadablefilesandtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevisionradioandveryshortlyelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.ExpertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencingandproblemsindisputecanbesettledWithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformationthusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople. Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexitytheneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccuratereliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblemsthecriticalproblemsoftheirbusinesssocialandfamilylifewillsurviveandsucceed.Knowledgeispowermaywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople. Theworditline3para.2mostprobablyrefersto________________.
下列关于颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射的叙述中哪一顶是错误的
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.46Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentallycontrolledexperiencesanyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschoolasoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’’ownexperience.Sofaritwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledtheprogressivemovementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.47Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganizationitisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.48Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducationitcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurposedesireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions. Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciencesespeciallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudeandmethod.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsensethebattlehasbeenwonbutnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.49Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservationinquiryreflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation. Finallythescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandactionbetweentheoryandpracticewhichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.50Indeeditisnottoomuchtosaythatinstitutionofahappymarriagebetweentheoryandpracticeisintheendthechiefmeaningofascienceandaphilosophyofeducationthatworktogetherforcommonends.
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturycapitalandlabourwereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodemlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiativetowardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompaniesthoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholderswereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylightingtramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers. Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlargeimpersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclassanelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.AllthroughthenineteenthcenturyAmericaAfricaIndiaAustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapitalandBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’’smovementtowardsindustrialisation.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselargecomfortableclasseswhohadretiredontheirincomesandwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.OntheotherhandshareholdingmeantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization. Theshareholdersassuchhadnoknowledgeofthelivesthoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldsharesandhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemandsbutevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunatelyhowevertheincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunionsatleastinallskilledtradesenabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation. It’’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat_________________.
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