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苔黑而滑润，多为（）
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叶氏指出土燥水竭的舌像是
苔黑而滑润
苔黑而干燥
舌苔黑燥而中心厚者
舌绛干枯而痿
舌中心绛而干
苔黑而滑润多见于
湿热郁蒸
阴虚火旺
热盛伤津
痰火内蕴
寒湿内盛
苔黑而滑润多为
热极津枯
痰火内蕴
寒极阳衰
湿邪郁蒸
瘀血内停
痰浊未化正气已伤者可见
花剥而兼腻苔
黄腻苔
薄白苔
黑而燥裂苔
黑而滑润苔
叶氏指出津枯火炽的舌像是
苔黑而滑润
苔黑而干燥
舌苔黑燥而中心厚者
舌绛干枯而痿
舌中心绛而干
痰浊未化正气已伤者可见
花剥而兼腻苔
黄腻苔
薄白苔
黑而燥裂苔
黑而滑润苔
热极津枯可见
花剥而兼腻苔
黄腻苔
薄白苔
黑而燥裂苔
黑而滑润苔
苔黑而滑润多见于
湿热郁蒸
寒盛阳衰
热盛伤津
痰火内蕴
热极津枯可见
花剥而兼腻苔
黄腻苔
薄白苔
黑而燥裂苔
黑而滑润苔
黑苔干燥甚或枯痿与黑苔滑润所主病机有何不同
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下列属于东汉时期科技成果的是
阅读材料 大夫曰匈奴背叛不臣数为冠暴于边鄙备之则劳中国之士不备则侵盗不止先帝哀边人之患苦为虏所系获也故兴盐设酒准置均输番货长财以佐助边费今议者欲罢之内空府库之藏外乏执备之用使备塞乘城之士饥寒于边将何以赡之罢之不使也 ——盐铁论卷一根据以上材料结合所学知识回答问题 何谓均输平准
在古代印度被称为一生族的种姓是
Sciencedevelopsthroughobjectiveanalysisinsteadof throughpersonalbelief.Knowledgegainedinscienceaccumulatesastimegoes bybuildingonworkperformedearlier.Someofthisknowledge-suchasour understandingofnumbers-stretchesback’tothetimeofancientcivilizations whenscientificthoughtfirstbegan.Otherscientificknowledgesuchas ourunderstandingofgenesthatcausecancerorofquarksthesmallestknown buildingblockofmatter-datesbacklessthan50years.Howeverinallfields ofscienceoldornewresearchersusethesamesystematicapproachknownas thescientificmethodtoaddtowhatisknown.41__________. Forexamplein1676theEnglishphysicistRobertHookediscoveredthatelastic objectssuchasmetalspringsstretchinproportiontotheforcethatactson them.Despitealltheadvancesthathavebeenmadeinphysicssince1676this simplelawStillholdstrue.42__________.Sometimesscientific predictionsgomuchfurtherbydescribingobjectsoreventsthatarenotyet known.Anoutstandinginstanceoccurredin1869whentheRussianchemistDmitry Mendeleyevdrewupaperiodictableoftheelementsarrangedtoillustrate patternsofrecurringchemicalandphysicalproperties. 43__________.AtthetimemostgeologistsdiscountedWegener’sideas becausetheEarth’scrustseemedtobefixed.Butfollowingthediscoveryof platetectonicsinthe1960sinwhichscientistsfoundthattheEarth’scrust isactuallymadeofmovingplatescontinentaldriftbecameanimportantpartof geology.Throughadvanceslikethesescientificknowledgeis constantlyaddedtoandrefined.Asaresultsciencegivesusanevermore detailedinsightintothewaytheworldaroundusworks. 44__________.HoweverwiththedawnoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthe 18thcenturythisrapidlychanged.Todaysciencehasaprofoundeffectonthe waywelivelargelythroughtechnology--theuse.ofscientificknowledgefor practical45__________.Therefrigeratorforexampleowesits existencetoadiscoverythatliquidstakeinenergywhentheyevaporatea phenomenonknownaslatentheat.A.Scientistsutilizeexisting knowledgeinnewscientificinvestigationstopredicthowthingswillbehave. Forexampleascientistwhoknowstheexactdimensionsofalenscanpredict howthelenswillfocusabeamoflight.Inthesamewaybyknowingtheexact makeupandpropertiesoftwochemicalsaresearchercanpredictwhatwill happenwhentheycombine.B.Foralargepartofrecorded historysciencehadlittlebearingonpeople’severydaylives.Scientific knowledgewasgatheredforitsownsakeandithadfewpractical applications.C.Duringscientificinvestigations scientistsputtogetherandcomparenewdiscoveriesandexistingknowledge.In mostcasesnewdiscoveriesextendwhatiscurrentlyacceptedprovidingfurther evidencethatexistingideasarecorrect.D.Tileprincipleof latentheatwasfirstexploitedinapracticalwayin1876andtherefrigerator hasplayedamajorroleinmaintainingpublichealtheversince.Tilefirst automobiledatingfromthe1880smadeuseofmanyadvancesinphysicsand engineeringincludingreliablewaysofgeneratinghigh-voltagesparkswhile thefirstcomputersemergedinthe1940sfromsimultaneousadvancesin electronicsandmathematics.E.Someformsoftechnologyhave becomesowellestablishedthatitiseasytoforgetthegreatscientific achievementsthattheyrepresent.F.Inscienceimportant advancescanalsobemadewhencurrentideasareshowntobewrong.Aclassic caseofthisoccurredearlyinthe20thcenturywhentheGermangeologist AlfredWegenersuggestedthatthecontinentswereatonetimeconnecteda theoryknownascontinentaldrift.G.Otherfieldsofscience alsoplayanimportantroleinthethingsweuseorconsumeeveryday.Research infoodtechnologyhascreatednewwaysofpreservingandflavoringwhatwe eat.
阅读材料 材料一甘地认为非暴力抵抗是印度争取摆脱殖民桎梏的唯一正确方法同时他认为非暴力抵抗并不意味着对外国统治和其他罪恶的屈服他写道我深信假如只有在怯弱和暴力两者之间加以选择时我将劝人选择暴力我宁愿要印度用暴力来保护自己的荣誉而不愿印度卑躬屈节含垢忍辱地听人家侮辱失去自己的荣誉可是我认为非暴力比暴力高明得多 ——王春良世界现代史诸问题 材料二1920年8月1日为了抗议英国等战胜国强加给土耳其的色佛尔条约甘地第一次发动了非暴力不合作运动不合作的纲领包括受封者退回爵位封号抵制立法机构选举抵制在政府机关和法院工作拒绝在英国学校读书提倡手纺车运动以抵抗英国货物泛滥在运动后期提出拒绝纳税的要求12月在国大党年会上通过了以自治为目标的不合作纲领 ——齐世荣吴于廑主编世界史 材料三尼赫鲁记述道曹里曹拉村事件后我们的运动突然停止我想国大党的著名领袖差不多都表示愤慨只有甘地例外年轻人当然更加激动难道我们须是三亿多印度人受了关于非暴力行动的理论和实际的训练后才能前进吗即令如此我们当中有多少人敢说我们在警察极度挑衅下还能十分斯斯文文呢即令我们办得到但是那些打进我们运动中来的暗探内奸采取暴力行动或煽动别人从事非暴力的抵抗方法必然失败 ——王春良世界现代史诸问题根据以上材料结合所学知识回答问题 材料一中甘地选择非暴力主义的理由是什么实际原因又是什么
最早以立法的形式巩固大化改新成果的法令是
Text4 Mostofushaveseenadogstaringat sometimessnarlingatandapproachingareflectionofitself.Formostanimals seeingtheirownimageinamirroractsasasocialstimulus.Butdoesthedog recognizeitselfordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionor threatThisquestionisinterestingforanumberofmasons.Apartfrom curiosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understandingresearchonserf- recognitioninanimalshasseveralbenefits.Itprovidessomeinsightintothe evolutionarysignificanceofthisskillofserf-recognitionandintothelevel andkindsofcognitivecompetencethattheskillrequires.Suchresearchalso indicatesthekindsoflearningexperiencesthatdeterminethedevelopmentof self-recognition.Inadditionworkwithanimalsfosterstheuseoftechniques thatarenotdependentonverbalresponsesandthatmaythereforebesuitable forusewithpreverbalchildren.Theevidenceindicatesthat dogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.Inaseriesof cleverexperimentshoweverGalluphasshownthatthechimpanzeedoeshavethis capacity.Gallupexposedchimpanzeesinasmallcagetoafull-lengthmirrorfor tenconsecutivedays.Itwasobservedthatoverthisperiodoftimethenumber ofserf-directedresponsesincreased.Thesebehaviorsincludedgroomingpartsof thebodywhilewatchingtheresultsguidingfingersinthemirrorandpicking atteethwiththeaidofthemirror.DescribingonechimpGallupsaidMarge usedthemirrortoplaywithandinspectthebottomofherfeet;shealsolooked atherselfupsidedowninthemirrorwhilesuspendedbyherfeetfromthetopof thecage;shewasalsoobservedtostuffceleryleavesuphernoseusingthe mirrorforpurposesofvisuallyguidingthestemsintoeachnostril. Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofserf-recognition.The chimpswereanesthetizedandmarkswereplacedovertheireyebrowsandbehind theirearsareasthechimpscouldnotdirectlyobserve.Themirrorwas temporarilyremovedfromthecageandbaselinedataregardingtheirattemptsin touchtheseareaswererecorded.Thedataclearlysuggestthatchimpsdo recognizethemselvesorareself-awarefortheirattemptstotouchthemarks increasedwhentheyviewedthemselves.Citingfurtherevidenceforthis argumentGallupnotedthatchimpanzeeswithnopriormirrorexperiencedidnot directbehaviortothemarkswhentheywerefirstexposedtothemirror;that istheotherchimpanzeesappearedtohaverememberedwhattheylookedlikeand dohaverespondedtothemarksbecausetheynoticedchangesintheir appearance.Theauthorofthepassageprobably______.
Text4 Mostofushaveseenadogstaringat sometimessnarlingatandapproachingareflectionofitself.Formostanimals seeingtheirownimageinamirroractsasasocialstimulus.Butdoesthedog recognizeitselfordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionor threatThisquestionisinterestingforanumberofmasons.Apartfrom curiosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understandingresearchonserf- recognitioninanimalshasseveralbenefits.Itprovidessomeinsightintothe evolutionarysignificanceofthisskillofserf-recognitionandintothelevel andkindsofcognitivecompetencethattheskillrequires.Suchresearchalso indicatesthekindsoflearningexperiencesthatdeterminethedevelopmentof self-recognition.Inadditionworkwithanimalsfosterstheuseoftechniques thatarenotdependentonverbalresponsesandthatmaythereforebesuitable forusewithpreverbalchildren.Theevidenceindicatesthat dogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.Inaseriesof cleverexperimentshoweverGalluphasshownthatthechimpanzeedoeshavethis capacity.Gallupexposedchimpanzeesinasmallcagetoafull-lengthmirrorfor tenconsecutivedays.Itwasobservedthatoverthisperiodoftimethenumber ofserf-directedresponsesincreased.Thesebehaviorsincludedgroomingpartsof thebodywhilewatchingtheresultsguidingfingersinthemirrorandpicking atteethwiththeaidofthemirror.DescribingonechimpGallupsaidMarge usedthemirrortoplaywithandinspectthebottomofherfeet;shealsolooked atherselfupsidedowninthemirrorwhilesuspendedbyherfeetfromthetopof thecage;shewasalsoobservedtostuffceleryleavesuphernoseusingthe mirrorforpurposesofvisuallyguidingthestemsintoeachnostril. Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofserf-recognition.The chimpswereanesthetizedandmarkswereplacedovertheireyebrowsandbehind theirearsareasthechimpscouldnotdirectlyobserve.Themirrorwas temporarilyremovedfromthecageandbaselinedataregardingtheirattemptsin touchtheseareaswererecorded.Thedataclearlysuggestthatchimpsdo recognizethemselvesorareself-awarefortheirattemptstotouchthemarks increasedwhentheyviewedthemselves.Citingfurtherevidenceforthis argumentGallupnotedthatchimpanzeeswithnopriormirrorexperiencedidnot directbehaviortothemarkswhentheywerefirstexposedtothemirror;that istheotherchimpanzeesappearedtohaverememberedwhattheylookedlikeand dohaverespondedtothemarksbecausetheynoticedchangesintheir appearance.Themainideathispassagediscussesis_______.
Text3 Apatentisanexclusiverightgivento aninventorforhisorherinvention.Inotherwordsapatentisamonopoly rightgiventotheinventorfortheinvention.Apatentconfersontheinventor therighttopriceandtoselltheinventioninanywayheorshedesiresin theUnitedStatespatentsaregrantedbythePatentOfficefor17years. Althougheconomistsgenerallycondemnmonopolyasaformofmarketorganization sincemonopolyimposescostsontheeconomypatentspresentamoresubtlecase formonopolytheory.Specificallycanpatentmonopoliesbejustified Ingeneraleconomistscomplainaboutthecostsofmonopolybecausethey believethatthesameindustrycouldbeorganizedcompetitively.Apatent monopolygrantfor17yearspresentsadifferentproblem.Thatisthepurpose ofthepatentsystemistoencourageinvention.Theissueisnotmonopolyversus competitionbutmorefundamentallyinventionversusnoinvention.Istheworld betteroffwiththeinventioneventhoughitismonopolizedfor17yearsIn otherwordswhatarethecostsandbenefitsofapatent Considerthesimplecaseofanewconsumerproductwithapositivedemand suchasacamerautilizinganewexposureprocess.Thecostsofthepatent monopolyaresimplythedeadweightcostsofmonopolymeasuredbythelost consumers’surplusfromthe17-yearpatentmonopoly.Thiscostmustbeassessed carefullyinthecontextofaninventionhowever.Whatarethebenefitsofthe patentsystemFirstthereistheincreaseinconsumerwell-beingbroughtabout immediatelybyadesirableinvention.In17yearsthepatentmonopolyendsand asecondsourceofbenefitsarises:Thepriceofcameraswillfalltoa competitivelevelandconsumerswillreapthebenefitsofthecameraatalower price.Insumtheoryofmonopolyhelpsustoassessthecostsandbenefitsof thepatent.Onecanquibbleaboutpatentmonopoliesarguingforexamplethat theyaregrantedfortoolongatime.Intheendthepatent systemcreatesgoodsandservicesandtechnologiesthatdidnotpreviously exist.InthisrespectitisavaluableSystemfortheeconomy.Thepatent systemalsounderscorestheimportanceofpropertyrightstoideasasasource ofeconomicgrowthandprogress.Thesecondparagraphsuggestsstrongly______.
阅读材料 材料一甘地认为非暴力抵抗是印度争取摆脱殖民桎梏的唯一正确方法同时他认为非暴力抵抗并不意味着对外国统治和其他罪恶的屈服他写道我深信假如只有在怯弱和暴力两者之间加以选择时我将劝人选择暴力我宁愿要印度用暴力来保护自己的荣誉而不愿印度卑躬屈节含垢忍辱地听人家侮辱失去自己的荣誉可是我认为非暴力比暴力高明得多 ——王春良世界现代史诸问题 材料二1920年8月1日为了抗议英国等战胜国强加给土耳其的色佛尔条约甘地第一次发动了非暴力不合作运动不合作的纲领包括受封者退回爵位封号抵制立法机构选举抵制在政府机关和法院工作拒绝在英国学校读书提倡手纺车运动以抵抗英国货物泛滥在运动后期提出拒绝纳税的要求12月在国大党年会上通过了以自治为目标的不合作纲领 ——齐世荣吴于廑主编世界史 材料三尼赫鲁记述道曹里曹拉村事件后我们的运动突然停止我想国大党的著名领袖差不多都表示愤慨只有甘地例外年轻人当然更加激动难道我们须是三亿多印度人受了关于非暴力行动的理论和实际的训练后才能前进吗即令如此我们当中有多少人敢说我们在警察极度挑衅下还能十分斯斯文文呢即令我们办得到但是那些打进我们运动中来的暗探内奸采取暴力行动或煽动别人从事非暴力的抵抗方法必然失败 ——王春良世界现代史诸问题根据以上材料结合所学知识回答问题 依据材料三概括非暴力不合作运动中出现了哪些问题
鹅湖之会
ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWarhoweverthedietbeganto change.46Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequality ofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmade possiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetablesfreshfruitsandfresh fish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingandhealthful foods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedanincreasedconsumption ofdairyproductsfreshfruitfreshvegetablessugarandsyrupscoffeetea cocoaandspices.Decreasedconsumptionwasshownformeatspotatoesand grainproducts.47ByandlargetheAmericandietcontinuedtoreflecta considerablerelianceuponanimalproducts:ratherthanongrains.whichmeant thatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic. WhereasagrainandfishdietsuchasinJapanrequiresonlyaquarterofan acrehighyieldcroplandandnopasturepercapitatheAmericandietrequires abouttwoandahalfacresofcroplandandtenacresofpasturepercapita-Also itindicatedashifttowardtheso-calledprotectivefoodstowardthosehighin vitaminsandproteins.48Thischangewasgreatlyfurtheredbygovernmental foodinspectionthePureFoodandDrugActwaspassedin1906bythe increasinguseofmechanicalrefrigeratorsinthe1920’sand1910’sandof freezersforfrozenfoodduringrecentdecades.Intheyears afterWorldWarIafoodrevolutiontookplacethatwasreminiscentoftheone thatoccurredaftertheCivilWar.Theoutputofthefoodmanufacturingindustry quadrupledfrom1900to1920.49Inthatintervalaswehavementioned earlierhomecanninggavewaytocommercialcanningandthelaborof housekeepingwaslightened.Fortunatelymostofthemajor dietarychangesthathavetakenplacesincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury haveresultedinbetternutritionforthepopulation.Inporttheseshiftshave takenplacebecauseofapreferencefornewfoodsratherthanoldbutinpart theyhavebeenmadebecausethenewfoodswereadvocatedbynutritionists. ApparentlyAmericandietarycustomswerenotsodeeplyingrainedastoprevent changeintheinterestsofbetterhealth.50Possiblyonefactorthathas contributedtothereadinessofAmericanstoacceptnewfoodsorfood preparationsasthegeneralfamiliaritymosthavewithavarietyofregional dishescomingfrommanydifferentlands.WithinasmallareainNewYork CityorSanFranciscoonecanfindrestaurantsspecializinginFrenchItalian GermanTurkishArabianorChinesecuisine.AndataChineserestaurantinthe UnitedStatesthechefandwaiterareaslikelyasnottoheOriental.
Text3 Apatentisanexclusiverightgivento aninventorforhisorherinvention.Inotherwordsapatentisamonopoly rightgiventotheinventorfortheinvention.Apatentconfersontheinventor therighttopriceandtoselltheinventioninanywayheorshedesiresin theUnitedStatespatentsaregrantedbythePatentOfficefor17years. Althougheconomistsgenerallycondemnmonopolyasaformofmarketorganization sincemonopolyimposescostsontheeconomypatentspresentamoresubtlecase formonopolytheory.Specificallycanpatentmonopoliesbejustified Ingeneraleconomistscomplainaboutthecostsofmonopolybecausethey believethatthesameindustrycouldbeorganizedcompetitively.Apatent monopolygrantfor17yearspresentsadifferentproblem.Thatisthepurpose ofthepatentsystemistoencourageinvention.Theissueisnotmonopolyversus competitionbutmorefundamentallyinventionversusnoinvention.Istheworld betteroffwiththeinventioneventhoughitismonopolizedfor17yearsIn otherwordswhatarethecostsandbenefitsofapatent Considerthesimplecaseofanewconsumerproductwithapositivedemand suchasacamerautilizinganewexposureprocess.Thecostsofthepatent monopolyaresimplythedeadweightcostsofmonopolymeasuredbythelost consumers’surplusfromthe17-yearpatentmonopoly.Thiscostmustbeassessed carefullyinthecontextofaninventionhowever.Whatarethebenefitsofthe patentsystemFirstthereistheincreaseinconsumerwell-beingbroughtabout immediatelybyadesirableinvention.In17yearsthepatentmonopolyendsand asecondsourceofbenefitsarises:Thepriceofcameraswillfalltoa competitivelevelandconsumerswillreapthebenefitsofthecameraatalower price.Insumtheoryofmonopolyhelpsustoassessthecostsandbenefitsof thepatent.Onecanquibbleaboutpatentmonopoliesarguingforexamplethat theyaregrantedfortoolongatime.Intheendthepatent systemcreatesgoodsandservicesandtechnologiesthatdidnotpreviously exist.InthisrespectitisavaluableSystemfortheeconomy.Thepatent systemalsounderscorestheimportanceofpropertyrightstoideasasasource ofeconomicgrowthandprogress.Whatbenefitcanthepatentsystemofferwhenthepatentexpires
下列各项不符合20世纪初梁启超史学主张的是①反对把史书写成帝王谱牒②提倡用章节体编写史书③批判近代西方史学理论④强调探讨社会进化之理
Text4 Mostofushaveseenadogstaringat sometimessnarlingatandapproachingareflectionofitself.Formostanimals seeingtheirownimageinamirroractsasasocialstimulus.Butdoesthedog recognizeitselfordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionor threatThisquestionisinterestingforanumberofmasons.Apartfrom curiosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understandingresearchonserf- recognitioninanimalshasseveralbenefits.Itprovidessomeinsightintothe evolutionarysignificanceofthisskillofserf-recognitionandintothelevel andkindsofcognitivecompetencethattheskillrequires.Suchresearchalso indicatesthekindsoflearningexperiencesthatdeterminethedevelopmentof self-recognition.Inadditionworkwithanimalsfosterstheuseoftechniques thatarenotdependentonverbalresponsesandthatmaythereforebesuitable forusewithpreverbalchildren.Theevidenceindicatesthat dogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.Inaseriesof cleverexperimentshoweverGalluphasshownthatthechimpanzeedoeshavethis capacity.Gallupexposedchimpanzeesinasmallcagetoafull-lengthmirrorfor tenconsecutivedays.Itwasobservedthatoverthisperiodoftimethenumber ofserf-directedresponsesincreased.Thesebehaviorsincludedgroomingpartsof thebodywhilewatchingtheresultsguidingfingersinthemirrorandpicking atteethwiththeaidofthemirror.DescribingonechimpGallupsaidMarge usedthemirrortoplaywithandinspectthebottomofherfeet;shealsolooked atherselfupsidedowninthemirrorwhilesuspendedbyherfeetfromthetopof thecage;shewasalsoobservedtostuffceleryleavesuphernoseusingthe mirrorforpurposesofvisuallyguidingthestemsintoeachnostril. Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofserf-recognition.The chimpswereanesthetizedandmarkswereplacedovertheireyebrowsandbehind theirearsareasthechimpscouldnotdirectlyobserve.Themirrorwas temporarilyremovedfromthecageandbaselinedataregardingtheirattemptsin touchtheseareaswererecorded.Thedataclearlysuggestthatchimpsdo recognizethemselvesorareself-awarefortheirattemptstotouchthemarks increasedwhentheyviewedthemselves.Citingfurtherevidenceforthis argumentGallupnotedthatchimpanzeeswithnopriormirrorexperiencedidnot directbehaviortothemarkswhentheywerefirstexposedtothemirror;that istheotherchimpanzeesappearedtohaverememberedwhattheylookedlikeand dohaverespondedtothemarksbecausetheynoticedchangesintheir appearance.Thepurposeoftheexperimentintroducedinthelastparagraphis______.
洛迦诺公约
Sciencedevelopsthroughobjectiveanalysisinsteadof throughpersonalbelief.Knowledgegainedinscienceaccumulatesastimegoes bybuildingonworkperformedearlier.Someofthisknowledge-suchasour understandingofnumbers-stretchesback’tothetimeofancientcivilizations whenscientificthoughtfirstbegan.Otherscientificknowledgesuchas ourunderstandingofgenesthatcausecancerorofquarksthesmallestknown buildingblockofmatter-datesbacklessthan50years.Howeverinallfields ofscienceoldornewresearchersusethesamesystematicapproachknownas thescientificmethodtoaddtowhatisknown.41__________. Forexamplein1676theEnglishphysicistRobertHookediscoveredthatelastic objectssuchasmetalspringsstretchinproportiontotheforcethatactson them.Despitealltheadvancesthathavebeenmadeinphysicssince1676this simplelawStillholdstrue.42__________.Sometimesscientific predictionsgomuchfurtherbydescribingobjectsoreventsthatarenotyet known.Anoutstandinginstanceoccurredin1869whentheRussianchemistDmitry Mendeleyevdrewupaperiodictableoftheelementsarrangedtoillustrate patternsofrecurringchemicalandphysicalproperties. 43__________.AtthetimemostgeologistsdiscountedWegener’sideas becausetheEarth’scrustseemedtobefixed.Butfollowingthediscoveryof platetectonicsinthe1960sinwhichscientistsfoundthattheEarth’scrust isactuallymadeofmovingplatescontinentaldriftbecameanimportantpartof geology.Throughadvanceslikethesescientificknowledgeis constantlyaddedtoandrefined.Asaresultsciencegivesusanevermore detailedinsightintothewaytheworldaroundusworks. 44__________.HoweverwiththedawnoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthe 18thcenturythisrapidlychanged.Todaysciencehasaprofoundeffectonthe waywelivelargelythroughtechnology--theuse.ofscientificknowledgefor practical45__________.Therefrigeratorforexampleowesits existencetoadiscoverythatliquidstakeinenergywhentheyevaporatea phenomenonknownaslatentheat.A.Scientistsutilizeexisting knowledgeinnewscientificinvestigationstopredicthowthingswillbehave. Forexampleascientistwhoknowstheexactdimensionsofalenscanpredict howthelenswillfocusabeamoflight.Inthesamewaybyknowingtheexact makeupandpropertiesoftwochemicalsaresearchercanpredictwhatwill happenwhentheycombine.B.Foralargepartofrecorded historysciencehadlittlebearingonpeople’severydaylives.Scientific knowledgewasgatheredforitsownsakeandithadfewpractical applications.C.Duringscientificinvestigations scientistsputtogetherandcomparenewdiscoveriesandexistingknowledge.In mostcasesnewdiscoveriesextendwhatiscurrentlyacceptedprovidingfurther evidencethatexistingideasarecorrect.D.Tileprincipleof latentheatwasfirstexploitedinapracticalwayin1876andtherefrigerator hasplayedamajorroleinmaintainingpublichealtheversince.Tilefirst automobiledatingfromthe1880smadeuseofmanyadvancesinphysicsand engineeringincludingreliablewaysofgeneratinghigh-voltagesparkswhile thefirstcomputersemergedinthe1940sfromsimultaneousadvancesin electronicsandmathematics.E.Someformsoftechnologyhave becomesowellestablishedthatitiseasytoforgetthegreatscientific achievementsthattheyrepresent.F.Inscienceimportant advancescanalsobemadewhencurrentideasareshowntobewrong.Aclassic caseofthisoccurredearlyinthe20thcenturywhentheGermangeologist AlfredWegenersuggestedthatthecontinentswereatonetimeconnecteda theoryknownascontinentaldrift.G.Otherfieldsofscience alsoplayanimportantroleinthethingsweuseorconsumeeveryday.Research infoodtechnologyhascreatednewwaysofpreservingandflavoringwhatwe eat.
Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowinginformation: A.Title:AgedPeopleTendtoLiveAlone B.Wordlimit:160-200words C.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldendthefirstparagraphwiththegivensentence:WhydoagedpeopletendtolivealoneYourcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Outline: 1Presentsituation 2Possiblereasons 3Yourcomment
抨击嘲讽教会贪婪腐化的著作有
新生活运动
二战中德国制定的绿色方案侵略计划针对的国家是
ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWarhoweverthedietbeganto change.46Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequality ofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmade possiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetablesfreshfruitsandfresh fish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingandhealthful foods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedanincreasedconsumption ofdairyproductsfreshfruitfreshvegetablessugarandsyrupscoffeetea cocoaandspices.Decreasedconsumptionwasshownformeatspotatoesand grainproducts.47ByandlargetheAmericandietcontinuedtoreflecta considerablerelianceuponanimalproducts:ratherthanongrains.whichmeant thatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic. WhereasagrainandfishdietsuchasinJapanrequiresonlyaquarterofan acrehighyieldcroplandandnopasturepercapitatheAmericandietrequires abouttwoandahalfacresofcroplandandtenacresofpasturepercapita-Also itindicatedashifttowardtheso-calledprotectivefoodstowardthosehighin vitaminsandproteins.48Thischangewasgreatlyfurtheredbygovernmental foodinspectionthePureFoodandDrugActwaspassedin1906bythe increasinguseofmechanicalrefrigeratorsinthe1920’sand1910’sandof freezersforfrozenfoodduringrecentdecades.Intheyears afterWorldWarIafoodrevolutiontookplacethatwasreminiscentoftheone thatoccurredaftertheCivilWar.Theoutputofthefoodmanufacturingindustry quadrupledfrom1900to1920.49Inthatintervalaswehavementioned earlierhomecanninggavewaytocommercialcanningandthelaborof housekeepingwaslightened.Fortunatelymostofthemajor dietarychangesthathavetakenplacesincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury haveresultedinbetternutritionforthepopulation.Inporttheseshiftshave takenplacebecauseofapreferencefornewfoodsratherthanoldbutinpart theyhavebeenmadebecausethenewfoodswereadvocatedbynutritionists. ApparentlyAmericandietarycustomswerenotsodeeplyingrainedastoprevent changeintheinterestsofbetterhealth.50Possiblyonefactorthathas contributedtothereadinessofAmericanstoacceptnewfoodsorfood preparationsasthegeneralfamiliaritymosthavewithavarietyofregional dishescomingfrommanydifferentlands.WithinasmallareainNewYork CityorSanFranciscoonecanfindrestaurantsspecializinginFrenchItalian GermanTurkishArabianorChinesecuisine.AndataChineserestaurantinthe UnitedStatesthechefandwaiterareaslikelyasnottoheOriental.
中__在遵义会议之后负责指挥军事行动的三人小组成员中不包括
下列政权中不属于五胡建立的是
在民族大迁徙中日耳曼人在西罗马帝国废墟上建立的王国有①西哥特王国②勃艮第王国③法兰克王国④东哥特王国⑤伦巴德王国
ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWarhoweverthedietbeganto change.46Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequality ofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmade possiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetablesfreshfruitsandfresh fish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingandhealthful foods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedanincreasedconsumption ofdairyproductsfreshfruitfreshvegetablessugarandsyrupscoffeetea cocoaandspices.Decreasedconsumptionwasshownformeatspotatoesand grainproducts.47ByandlargetheAmericandietcontinuedtoreflecta considerablerelianceuponanimalproducts:ratherthanongrains.whichmeant thatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpublic. WhereasagrainandfishdietsuchasinJapanrequiresonlyaquarterofan acrehighyieldcroplandandnopasturepercapitatheAmericandietrequires abouttwoandahalfacresofcroplandandtenacresofpasturepercapita-Also itindicatedashifttowardtheso-calledprotectivefoodstowardthosehighin vitaminsandproteins.48Thischangewasgreatlyfurtheredbygovernmental foodinspectionthePureFoodandDrugActwaspassedin1906bythe increasinguseofmechanicalrefrigeratorsinthe1920’sand1910’sandof freezersforfrozenfoodduringrecentdecades.Intheyears afterWorldWarIafoodrevolutiontookplacethatwasreminiscentoftheone thatoccurredaftertheCivilWar.Theoutputofthefoodmanufacturingindustry quadrupledfrom1900to1920.49Inthatintervalaswehavementioned earlierhomecanninggavewaytocommercialcanningandthelaborof housekeepingwaslightened.Fortunatelymostofthemajor dietarychangesthathavetakenplacesincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury haveresultedinbetternutritionforthepopulation.Inporttheseshiftshave takenplacebecauseofapreferencefornewfoodsratherthanoldbutinpart theyhavebeenmadebecausethenewfoodswereadvocatedbynutritionists. ApparentlyAmericandietarycustomswerenotsodeeplyingrainedastoprevent changeintheinterestsofbetterhealth.50Possiblyonefactorthathas contributedtothereadinessofAmericanstoacceptnewfoodsorfood preparationsasthegeneralfamiliaritymosthavewithavarietyofregional dishescomingfrommanydifferentlands.WithinasmallareainNewYork CityorSanFranciscoonecanfindrestaurantsspecializinginFrenchItalian GermanTurkishArabianorChinesecuisine.AndataChineserestaurantinthe UnitedStatesthechefandwaiterareaslikelyasnottoheOriental.
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