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OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
TheCaliforniaPublicEmployees’RetirementSystemCalPERShaspositioneditselfasthepremierchampionofinvestorrightsregularlysinglingoutbadmanagersatsomeofthenation’slargestcompaniesinitsannualcorporate-governancefocuslists.Andwith$153billionundermanagementWallStreettendstolistenwhenCalPERSspeaksout.Butthecountry’slargestpensionfundhasnevertakenonasbigafishasitdidDec.16whenitfiledaclassactionagainsttheNewYorkStockExchangeandsevenofitsmemberfirms.CalPERS’suitchargestheNYSEandspecialistfirmswithfraudallegingthattheexchangeskirteditsregulatorydutiesandalloweditsmemberstotradestocksattheexpenseofinvestors. ThemoveisamajorslapinthefacefortheNYSE’srecentlyappointedinterimChairmanJohnReed.TheformerCitibankchairmanandCEOcameonboardinSeptemberaftertheexchange’slongtimeheadRichardGrassoresignedunderpressureoverpublicoutrageabouthisexcessivecompensation. ReedhasbeenwidelycriticizedbyCalPERSandotherinstitutionalinvestorsfornotincludingrepresentativesofinvestorsontheexchange’snewlyconstitutedboardandnotclearlyseparatingtheexchange’sregulatoryfunctionfromitsday-to-dayoperations.TheCalPERSlawsuitisevidencethattheinvestmentcommunities’dissatisfactionhasn’tebbed."OurhopesweredashedwhenMr.Reeddidn’tperform"saysHarrigan. Thesuitallegesthatsevenspecialistfirmsprofitedbyabusingandoverusingaseriesoftradingtactics.Thetacticswhicharenotcurrentlyillegalinclude"pennylumping’whereafirmpositionsitselfbetweentwoorderstocaptureapieceofthepricedifferential"frontrunning"whichinvolvestradinginadvanceofcustomersbasedonconfidentialinformationobtainedbytheirordersand"freezing"thefirm’sorderbooksothatthefirmcanmaketradesonitsownaccountfirst. Manyofthesuit’sallegationsarebasedonapreviouslydisclosedinvestigationoftheexchangeconductedbytheSecurities&ExchangeCommission.AccordingtothesuittheOctoberSECreportfound"seriousdeficienciesintheNYSE’ssurveillanceandinvestigativeproceduresincludingahabitofignoringrepeatviolationsByspecialistfirms". Thesuithighlightsthegrowingfrustrationthatinstitutionalinvestorshaveexpressedwithwhattheyperceiveasasystemthatneedstoberevamped--ifnoteliminated.AccordingtoCaliforniaStateComptrollerSteveWestleyaCalPERSboardmemberwhoparticipatedintheDec.16pressconferencehehasrepeatedlycalledontheNYSEtoenditsuseofspecialistfirmstofacilitatetradesandmovetoasystemofopenlymatchingofbuyersandsellers.BLINDEYE"There’snoreasonnottomovetoafullyautomatedexchange"Westleysays."Everyexchangeintheworldisusingsuchasystem.ThetimeisnowfortheNYSEtomoveintothe21stcenturyandremovethecloudthatthere’sself-dealingworkingagainstinvestors." Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
TheCaliforniaPublicEmployees’RetirementSystemCalPERShaspositioneditselfasthepremierchampionofinvestorrightsregularlysinglingoutbadmanagersatsomeofthenation’slargestcompaniesinitsannualcorporate-governancefocuslists.Andwith$153billionundermanagementWallStreettendstolistenwhenCalPERSspeaksout.Butthecountry’slargestpensionfundhasnevertakenonasbigafishasitdidDec.16whenitfiledaclassactionagainsttheNewYorkStockExchangeandsevenofitsmemberfirms.CalPERS’suitchargestheNYSEandspecialistfirmswithfraudallegingthattheexchangeskirteditsregulatorydutiesandalloweditsmemberstotradestocksattheexpenseofinvestors. ThemoveisamajorslapinthefacefortheNYSE’srecentlyappointedinterimChairmanJohnReed.TheformerCitibankchairmanandCEOcameonboardinSeptemberaftertheexchange’slongtimeheadRichardGrassoresignedunderpressureoverpublicoutrageabouthisexcessivecompensation. ReedhasbeenwidelycriticizedbyCalPERSandotherinstitutionalinvestorsfornotincludingrepresentativesofinvestorsontheexchange’snewlyconstitutedboardandnotclearlyseparatingtheexchange’sregulatoryfunctionfromitsday-to-dayoperations.TheCalPERSlawsuitisevidencethattheinvestmentcommunities’dissatisfactionhasn’tebbed."OurhopesweredashedwhenMr.Reeddidn’tperform"saysHarrigan. Thesuitallegesthatsevenspecialistfirmsprofitedbyabusingandoverusingaseriesoftradingtactics.Thetacticswhicharenotcurrentlyillegalinclude"pennylumping’whereafirmpositionsitselfbetweentwoorderstocaptureapieceofthepricedifferential"frontrunning"whichinvolvestradinginadvanceofcustomersbasedonconfidentialinformationobtainedbytheirordersand"freezing"thefirm’sorderbooksothatthefirmcanmaketradesonitsownaccountfirst. Manyofthesuit’sallegationsarebasedonapreviouslydisclosedinvestigationoftheexchangeconductedbytheSecurities&ExchangeCommission.AccordingtothesuittheOctoberSECreportfound"seriousdeficienciesintheNYSE’ssurveillanceandinvestigativeproceduresincludingahabitofignoringrepeatviolationsByspecialistfirms". Thesuithighlightsthegrowingfrustrationthatinstitutionalinvestorshaveexpressedwithwhattheyperceiveasasystemthatneedstoberevamped--ifnoteliminated.AccordingtoCaliforniaStateComptrollerSteveWestleyaCalPERSboardmemberwhoparticipatedintheDec.16pressconferencehehasrepeatedlycalledontheNYSEtoenditsuseofspecialistfirmstofacilitatetradesandmovetoasystemofopenlymatchingofbuyersandsellers.BLINDEYE"There’snoreasonnottomovetoafullyautomatedexchange"Westleysays."Everyexchangeintheworldisusingsuchasystem.ThetimeisnowfortheNYSEtomoveintothe21stcenturyandremovethecloudthatthere’sself-dealingworkingagainstinvestors." WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
TheCaliforniaPublicEmployees’RetirementSystemCalPERShaspositioneditselfasthepremierchampionofinvestorrightsregularlysinglingoutbadmanagersatsomeofthenation’slargestcompaniesinitsannualcorporate-governancefocuslists.Andwith$153billionundermanagementWallStreettendstolistenwhenCalPERSspeaksout.Butthecountry’slargestpensionfundhasnevertakenonasbigafishasitdidDec.16whenitfiledaclassactionagainsttheNewYorkStockExchangeandsevenofitsmemberfirms.CalPERS’suitchargestheNYSEandspecialistfirmswithfraudallegingthattheexchangeskirteditsregulatorydutiesandalloweditsmemberstotradestocksattheexpenseofinvestors. ThemoveisamajorslapinthefacefortheNYSE’srecentlyappointedinterimChairmanJohnReed.TheformerCitibankchairmanandCEOcameonboardinSeptemberaftertheexchange’slongtimeheadRichardGrassoresignedunderpressureoverpublicoutrageabouthisexcessivecompensation. ReedhasbeenwidelycriticizedbyCalPERSandotherinstitutionalinvestorsfornotincludingrepresentativesofinvestorsontheexchange’snewlyconstitutedboardandnotclearlyseparatingtheexchange’sregulatoryfunctionfromitsday-to-dayoperations.TheCalPERSlawsuitisevidencethattheinvestmentcommunities’dissatisfactionhasn’tebbed."OurhopesweredashedwhenMr.Reeddidn’tperform"saysHarrigan. Thesuitallegesthatsevenspecialistfirmsprofitedbyabusingandoverusingaseriesoftradingtactics.Thetacticswhicharenotcurrentlyillegalinclude"pennylumping’whereafirmpositionsitselfbetweentwoorderstocaptureapieceofthepricedifferential"frontrunning"whichinvolvestradinginadvanceofcustomersbasedonconfidentialinformationobtainedbytheirordersand"freezing"thefirm’sorderbooksothatthefirmcanmaketradesonitsownaccountfirst. Manyofthesuit’sallegationsarebasedonapreviouslydisclosedinvestigationoftheexchangeconductedbytheSecurities&ExchangeCommission.AccordingtothesuittheOctoberSECreportfound"seriousdeficienciesintheNYSE’ssurveillanceandinvestigativeproceduresincludingahabitofignoringrepeatviolationsByspecialistfirms". Thesuithighlightsthegrowingfrustrationthatinstitutionalinvestorshaveexpressedwithwhattheyperceiveasasystemthatneedstoberevamped--ifnoteliminated.AccordingtoCaliforniaStateComptrollerSteveWestleyaCalPERSboardmemberwhoparticipatedintheDec.16pressconferencehehasrepeatedlycalledontheNYSEtoenditsuseofspecialistfirmstofacilitatetradesandmovetoasystemofopenlymatchingofbuyersandsellers.BLINDEYE"There’snoreasonnottomovetoafullyautomatedexchange"Westleysays."Everyexchangeintheworldisusingsuchasystem.ThetimeisnowfortheNYSEtomoveintothe21stcenturyandremovethecloudthatthere’sself-dealingworkingagainstinvestors." WhatdoesthewordafishPara.1probablyreferto
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.Thelastsentencebutbecausetheyhavebackdoorsthataretoosmallprobablymeansthat
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe list[A]–[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET 1.10points Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwas franticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrived atthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowhereto befound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalk aloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:Icanslay amuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysical damage.Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrove aroundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--until shecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScience Centerusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhad gottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhad learnedthatnightinclass.ThisstoryillustratesahabitI havedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomesto learning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinue tolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmy opinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingableto identifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscure sculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoI willcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory.Latelyitseems thateveryoneisaskingmeMarywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueach individually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis: Knowledgeispower.MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasin the7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforced toleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIsland cottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5 children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfelt inferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.Iknew Iwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessful familybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.Iwantedto feelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesit surpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearold woman44.45.That beliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.Itis alsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceived fromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethat manyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest.[A]Ifthesayingis truethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthe wisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin 1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhave sometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyou didn’thaveadegree.[C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyour maingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeen claimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelost inthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary.[D]ButIamhere todaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedby understandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyone regardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage.[E] Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhois graduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89[F]Andyoutoo knowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethe mostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop.[G]Ihave foundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenough for.
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Multifunctionsuperpillsaren’tnearlyasfarfetchedastheymaysound.Andreducingsuchseriousriskstohearthealthassoaringcholesteroldiabetesandhighbloodpressurepotentiallycouldsavemanylivesandbehighlylucrativefordrugcompanies.AcombopillfromPfizerPFEofitshypertensiondrugNorvascandcholesterol-loweringagentLipitor"couldhavehugepotential"saysShaojingTonganalystatMehtaPartners."Offeringtwofunctionsinonepillitselfisahugeconvenience." Ifsuchpillscatchontheycouldgeneratesignificantrevenuesfordrugcompanies.InPfizer’seasethegoalistotransferasmanyqualifiedpatientsaspossibletothecombopill.Norvasc’spatentsexpirein2007butPfizercouldavoidlosingallitsrevenuesfromthedrugatonceifitwerepartofasuperpill.SenaLundananalystatCathayFinancialseesPfizerselling$4.2billionworthofNorvasc-Lipitorby2007.ThatwouldhelptakeuptheslackforfallingsalesofLipitorwhichheprojectswilldropto$5billionin2007downfrom$8billionlastyear. Pfizerarguesthataddressingtwodistinctandseriouscardiovascularriskfactorsinonepillhasadvantages.PeoplewithbothhypertensionandhighLDLcholesterolthe"bad"kindnumberaround27millionintheU.S.notesCraigHopkinsonmedicaldirectorfordualtherapyatPfizerandonly2%ofthatpopulationreachesadequatetreatmentgoals.Takingtwotreatmentsinonewillincreasethenumberofpatientswhotakethemedicationsproperlyand"assistingettingpatientstogoal"besays. DoctorsalsomaybequicktoadoptNorvasc-LipitorPfizerfiguresbecauseit’smadeupoftwowell-studieddrugswhichmanyphysiciansarealreadyfamiliarwith.ButDr.StanleyRocksonchiefofconsultativecardiologyatStanfordUniversityMedicalCentersaysfixed-dosecombinationpillsrepresent"aninterestingcrossroads"forphysicianswhoaretypicallytrainedto"approacheachindividualproblemwithcare."Combiningtreatmentswouldchallengedoctorstoapproachheartdiseasedifferently.ButbetterpatientcomplianceisimportantenoughsaysRocksonthatheexpectsdoctorstoBeopentotryingthecombinedpill. Someotherphysiciansaremoreskeptical."Ifyouwanttochangedosageononeofthenewpill’stwodrugsyou’restuck"fearsDr.IreneGavrisprofessorofmedicineatBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Shesaysshewouldfeelmostcomfortabletryingthecombinationpillonpatientswho"havebeenonthedrugsforawhile"andarethusunlikelytoneedchangesindosage. Asusualeconomicscouldtipthescales.PatientsnowtakingbothLipitorandNorvasc"couldcuttheirinsurancecopayinhalf"byswitchingtothecombodrugGavrisnotes.That’sakeyadvantage.Controllinghypertensionforinstancecanrequirethreeormoredrugsandthefinancialburdenonpatientsmountsquickly.Ifpatientsalsobenefit--asPfizerandotherdrugcompaniescontend--makingtheswitchtosuperpillscouldbeadvantageousforeveryone. WhichofthefollowingisNotoneoftheadvantagesofsuperpills
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.TheadvertisementmadebyMicrosoftshowsthat
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacausetotheproblemsofthedisabled
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe list[A]–[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET 1.10points Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwas franticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrived atthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowhereto befound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalk aloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:Icanslay amuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysical damage.Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrove aroundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--until shecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScience Centerusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhad gottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhad learnedthatnightinclass.ThisstoryillustratesahabitI havedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomesto learning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinue tolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmy opinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingableto identifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscure sculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoI willcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory.Latelyitseems thateveryoneisaskingmeMarywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueach individually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis: Knowledgeispower.MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasin the7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforced toleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIsland cottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5 children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfelt inferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.Iknew Iwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessful familybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.Iwantedto feelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesit surpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearold woman44.45.That beliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.Itis alsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceived fromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethat manyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest.[A]Ifthesayingis truethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthe wisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin 1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhave sometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyou didn’thaveadegree.[C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyour maingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeen claimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelost inthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary.[D]ButIamhere todaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedby understandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyone regardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage.[E] Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhois graduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89[F]Andyoutoo knowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethe mostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop.[G]Ihave foundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenough for.
Directions:Title:CompetitionandCooperation Yourcompositionshouldbe-basedontheOutlinesbelow: 1Thephenomenonofcompetitionandcooperation 2Thefunctionofcompetitionandcooperation 3MancandevelopcontinuouslywithCompetitionandcooperation. Youshouldwriteabout160-200WordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
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