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成熟红细胞的主要能量来源
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成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
糖的有氧氧化
脂肪酸p-氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径酶
成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
糖醛酸途径
脂肪酸β氧化
糖的有氧氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径
成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
糖醛酸途径
脂肪酸β氧化
糖的有氧氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径
成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
糖的有氧氧化
脂肪酸p-氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径酶
成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
2，3-BPG支路
脂肪酸β-氧化
糖的有氧氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径
成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是
糖的有氧氧化
脂肪酸β-氧化
糖酵解
磷酸戊糖途径酶
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Text2Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggest-everriseintheirwealthaccordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyofInternetandcomputerentrepreneursthewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1000peoplereachednearly146billionbyJanuarythecut-offpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billionor27%injust12months.SincethesurveywascompiledBritain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealththankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresfordBritain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistoryincludingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720."IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’sthree-dayweek"saidBeresford."Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek."WilliamRubinsteinprofessorofmodemhistoryattheUniversityofWalesAberystwythconfirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented."Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolutionbutevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary"hesaid."Thereisnolarge-scaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates."AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealththerestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4267billionaccordingtocalculationbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealtermswealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.Someofthesepaperfortunesanalystsagreecouldeasilybewipedoutalthoughthewealth-generatingeffectsoftheinterestrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetopon600misthe"oldmoney"EarlofIveagh30headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasseralso30wholaunchedtheClara-NETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet. Thecut-offpointforthesurveyParagraph1refersto
Text4ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660--somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.LestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlawOscarandMaryHandlinassureusthatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHandlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660’ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexaminedandthatexplanationsforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded.TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthatduringthe1660’sthepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.ThustheHandlinscontendBlackandWhiteservantsheretoforetreatedMikeeachattainedadifferentstatus.Therearehoweverimportantobjectionstothisargument.FirsttheHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlins’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630’sonthatpointtoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimesstoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatus--thetwoattributesoftrueslaveryyetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins’argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainstthenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthanasmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshavearguedthecauseofprejudice.InadditiontheexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmerica.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica--suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality--explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericaButthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelynegativebasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed. ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof
Text4PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult".ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBushesteamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept..TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15th"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop."ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. ByoutragedrhetoricParagraph3theauthoristalkingabout
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanon-linetranslationtoolAccordingtoSabineReulwhorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompanytranslationtoolshavelimitedusesandproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsomethings"saysReul"SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderaboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.Asentencelike’Weneedoneboxofacertaintypeofscrew’issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately--thoughprimitively." [B]Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext—wordsandsentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentimentson-linetoolsareboundtofailsheadds."Beyondsimplesentencestheon-lineprocesssimplydoesn’tworkbecausemachinesdon’tunderstandgrammarandsemanticsnevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword"saysReul"Itisalivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload--butthattimehasnotarrivedyet [C]EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-EfzenorthofFrankfurthadtopulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglishlanguagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereportthebrochurewas"renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagnermayorofHomherg-an-der-Efzeadmitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".AsaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator’sjobatotalof7500brochureshadtobebinned. [D]"Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn’tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinordertotranslate." [E]Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslatingonline.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsonthewebbuttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrasesratherthanforbrochuresbooksoranythingcomplex.Forexampleoneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccesstoanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretouseatranslationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreportsyoucouldendupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld. [F]Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputerson-linetranslationtoolsarebestreservedforwordsbasicsentencesandusefulholidayphrase.Fortourismbrochuresnewspaperreportsandtherestyouwillhavetorelyonsomeoldfashioned"humaninput". [G]Relyingonon-linetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusinessespeciallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.ForthetimebeingmighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumansOrder: 44
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Text3Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlotterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupSoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism-andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-yearoldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’stroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter—whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign--shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. Thewriter'sattitudetowardFIFAPresidentBlatterseemstobethatof
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Fossilsaretheremainsandtracessuchasfootprintsorothermarksofancientplantandanimallifethataremorethan10000yearsold.Theyrangeinsizefrommicroscopicstructurestodinosaurskeletonsandcompletebodiesofenormousanimals.Skeletonsofextinctspeciesofhumansarealsoconsideredfossils.Anenvironmentfavorabletothegrowthandlaterpreservationoforganismsisrequiredfortheoccurrenceoffossils.Twoconditionsarealmostalwayspresent:1Thepossessionofhardpartseitherinternalorexternalsuchasbonesteethskullsshellsandwood;thesepartsremainaftertherestoftheorganismhasdecayed.Organismsthatlackhardpartssuchaswormsandjellyfishhaveleftfewgeologicrecords.2Quickburialofthedeadorganismsothatprotectionisaffordedagainstweatheringbacterialactionetc.Natureprovidesmanysituationsinwhichtheremainsofanimalsandplantsareprotectedagainstdestruction.Ofthesemarinesedimentisbyfarthemostimportantenvironmentforthepreservationoffossilsowingtotheincrediblerichnessofmarinelife.Thebedsofformerlakesarealsoproductivesourcesoffossils.Therapidlyaccumulatingsedimentsinthechannelsfloodplainsanddeltasofstreamsburyfresh-waterorganismsalongwithlandplantsandanimalsthatfallintothewater.ThebeautifullypreservedfossilfishfromtheGreenRiveroilshaleofWyominginthewesternUnitedStateslivedinavastshallowlake.Thearcticgroundinthefarnorthactsasaremarkablepreservativeforanimalfossils.Thewoollymammothalong-hairedmammalandothermammalshavebeenperiodicallyexposedintheareaofSiberiathehairandredfleshstillfrozenincoldstorage.Volcanoesoftenprovideenvironmentsfavorabletofossilpreservation.Extensivefallsofvolcanicashandcoarserparticlesoverwhelmandburyallformsoflifefromflyinginsectstogreattrees.Caveshavepreservedthebonesofmanyanimalsthatdiedinthemandweresubsequentlyburiedunderablanketofclayoracoverofdripstone.Predatoryanimalsandearlyhumansalikesoughtshelterincavesandbroughtfoodtothemtobeeatenleavingbonesthathavebeendiscovered. Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheenvironmentsinwhichfossilsarefound
Text4PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult".ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBushesteamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept..TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15th"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop."ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. ItseemsthatthePresidentinfaceofthepresentsituation
Text3IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthoseinthecaseofretardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.InonegrouptheaverageIQis136.IntheothergrouptheaverageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcellstheresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6Oneof23humanchromosomesalongwhichgenesmadeofDNA.Ofthe37landmarksonchromo-some6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThesurveyconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenecalledallele5thatcontributestointelligence.Plomincautionsthat"thisisnotageniusgene.hisoneofmany."Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenonepersonandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenesandhalfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.ThegeneaccountsfornomorethanfourextraIQpoints.AnditisneithernecessarynorsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkidsdidhaveitbut54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot.Thesmartgeneisknownbytheinterestingname"insulinlikegrowthfactor2receptor"IGF2Rtoitsfun.Itletshormoneslikeonesimilartoinsulindockwithcells.AlthoughageneinvolvedwithinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgenenewevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimeswhenahormonedockswiththecellitmakesthecellgrow;sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponsescouldorganizethedevelopmentofthebrain.ScientistsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincanstimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrainsregionsinvolvedinlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors.EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2RcanaffectthebrainandhenceintelligencesomegeneticistsseemajorproblemwiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforwhat’scalledthechopsticksfallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksskillbutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsianthansayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement."Whatifthegenethey’vefoundreflectsethnicdifferences"asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt." RobertPlomindidthesurveyinvolvingtwogroupsofstudentsinorderto
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. JohnDoerrcalledtheboominthe1990sthelargestsinglelegalcreationofwealthbecause
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanon-linetranslationtoolAccordingtoSabineReulwhorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompanytranslationtoolshavelimitedusesandproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsomethings"saysReul"SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderaboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.Asentencelike’Weneedoneboxofacertaintypeofscrew’issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately--thoughprimitively." [B]Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext—wordsandsentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentimentson-linetoolsareboundtofailsheadds."Beyondsimplesentencestheon-lineprocesssimplydoesn’tworkbecausemachinesdon’tunderstandgrammarandsemanticsnevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword"saysReul"Itisalivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload--butthattimehasnotarrivedyet [C]EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-EfzenorthofFrankfurthadtopulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglishlanguagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereportthebrochurewas"renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagnermayorofHomherg-an-der-Efzeadmitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".AsaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator’sjobatotalof7500brochureshadtobebinned. [D]"Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn’tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinordertotranslate." [E]Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslatingonline.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsonthewebbuttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrasesratherthanforbrochuresbooksoranythingcomplex.Forexampleoneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccesstoanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretouseatranslationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreportsyoucouldendupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld. [F]Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputerson-linetranslationtoolsarebestreservedforwordsbasicsentencesandusefulholidayphrase.Fortourismbrochuresnewspaperreportsandtherestyouwillhavetorelyonsomeoldfashioned"humaninput". [G]Relyingonon-linetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusinessespeciallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.ForthetimebeingmighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumansOrder: 42
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Fossilsaretheremainsandtracessuchasfootprintsorothermarksofancientplantandanimallifethataremorethan10000yearsold.Theyrangeinsizefrommicroscopicstructurestodinosaurskeletonsandcompletebodiesofenormousanimals.Skeletonsofextinctspeciesofhumansarealsoconsideredfossils.Anenvironmentfavorabletothegrowthandlaterpreservationoforganismsisrequiredfortheoccurrenceoffossils.Twoconditionsarealmostalwayspresent:1Thepossessionofhardpartseitherinternalorexternalsuchasbonesteethskullsshellsandwood;thesepartsremainaftertherestoftheorganismhasdecayed.Organismsthatlackhardpartssuchaswormsandjellyfishhaveleftfewgeologicrecords.2Quickburialofthedeadorganismsothatprotectionisaffordedagainstweatheringbacterialactionetc.Natureprovidesmanysituationsinwhichtheremainsofanimalsandplantsareprotectedagainstdestruction.Ofthesemarinesedimentisbyfarthemostimportantenvironmentforthepreservationoffossilsowingtotheincrediblerichnessofmarinelife.Thebedsofformerlakesarealsoproductivesourcesoffossils.Therapidlyaccumulatingsedimentsinthechannelsfloodplainsanddeltasofstreamsburyfresh-waterorganismsalongwithlandplantsandanimalsthatfallintothewater.ThebeautifullypreservedfossilfishfromtheGreenRiveroilshaleofWyominginthewesternUnitedStateslivedinavastshallowlake.Thearcticgroundinthefarnorthactsasaremarkablepreservativeforanimalfossils.Thewoollymammothalong-hairedmammalandothermammalshavebeenperiodicallyexposedintheareaofSiberiathehairandredfleshstillfrozenincoldstorage.Volcanoesoftenprovideenvironmentsfavorabletofossilpreservation.Extensivefallsofvolcanicashandcoarserparticlesoverwhelmandburyallformsoflifefromflyinginsectstogreattrees.Caveshavepreservedthebonesofmanyanimalsthatdiedinthemandweresubsequentlyburiedunderablanketofclayoracoverofdripstone.Predatoryanimalsandearlyhumansalikesoughtshelterincavesandbroughtfoodtothemtobeeatenleavingbonesthathavebeendiscovered. ThefossilfishfromtheGreenRiverParagraph3wereprobablypreservedbecausetheywere
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericaresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatarget’sfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowaperson’sattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDr.UlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950’sgraduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflater-rankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaself-fulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.Fromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinbrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDown’ssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage. Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text3Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlotterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupSoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism-andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-yearoldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’stroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter—whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign--shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. ThecontendersasmentionedinthetextcriticizedBlatterforhis
Text4PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult".ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBushesteamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept..TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15th"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop."ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. Whattheauthorwantstosuggestmaybebestinterpretedas
Text2Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggest-everriseintheirwealthaccordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyofInternetandcomputerentrepreneursthewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1000peoplereachednearly146billionbyJanuarythecut-offpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billionor27%injust12months.SincethesurveywascompiledBritain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealththankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresfordBritain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistoryincludingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720."IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’sthree-dayweek"saidBeresford."Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek."WilliamRubinsteinprofessorofmodemhistoryattheUniversityofWalesAberystwythconfirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented."Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolutionbutevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary"hesaid."Thereisnolarge-scaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates."AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealththerestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4267billionaccordingtocalculationbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealtermswealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.Someofthesepaperfortunesanalystsagreecouldeasilybewipedoutalthoughthewealth-generatingeffectsoftheinterestrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetopon600misthe"oldmoney"EarlofIveagh30headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasseralso30wholaunchedtheClara-NETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet. Theauthorcallsthewealthoftherichestpaperfortunesbecause
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericaresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatarget’sfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowaperson’sattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDr.UlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950’sgraduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflater-rankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaself-fulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.Fromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinbrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDown’ssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage. Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife
Directions: Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethepicture 2interpretitsmeaningand 3pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife. Yourshouldwritenolessthan200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericaresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatarget’sfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowaperson’sattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDr.UlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950’sgraduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflater-rankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaself-fulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.Fromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinbrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDown’ssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage. Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.
Text3IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthoseinthecaseofretardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.InonegrouptheaverageIQis136.IntheothergrouptheaverageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcellstheresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6Oneof23humanchromosomesalongwhichgenesmadeofDNA.Ofthe37landmarksonchromo-some6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThesurveyconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenecalledallele5thatcontributestointelligence.Plomincautionsthat"thisisnotageniusgene.hisoneofmany."Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenonepersonandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenesandhalfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.ThegeneaccountsfornomorethanfourextraIQpoints.AnditisneithernecessarynorsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkidsdidhaveitbut54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot.Thesmartgeneisknownbytheinterestingname"insulinlikegrowthfactor2receptor"IGF2Rtoitsfun.Itletshormoneslikeonesimilartoinsulindockwithcells.AlthoughageneinvolvedwithinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgenenewevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimeswhenahormonedockswiththecellitmakesthecellgrow;sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponsescouldorganizethedevelopmentofthebrain.ScientistsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincanstimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrainsregionsinvolvedinlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors.EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2RcanaffectthebrainandhenceintelligencesomegeneticistsseemajorproblemwiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforwhat’scalledthechopsticksfallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksskillbutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsianthansayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement."Whatifthegenethey’vefoundreflectsethnicdifferences"asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt." AsforhowmuchofIQcomesfromgenesandhowmuchcomesfromexperiences
Text2Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggest-everriseintheirwealthaccordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyofInternetandcomputerentrepreneursthewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1000peoplereachednearly146billionbyJanuarythecut-offpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billionor27%injust12months.SincethesurveywascompiledBritain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealththankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresfordBritain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistoryincludingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720."IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’sthree-dayweek"saidBeresford."Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek."WilliamRubinsteinprofessorofmodemhistoryattheUniversityofWalesAberystwythconfirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented."Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolutionbutevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary"hesaid."Thereisnolarge-scaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates."AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealththerestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4267billionaccordingtocalculationbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealtermswealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.Someofthesepaperfortunesanalystsagreecouldeasilybewipedoutalthoughthewealth-generatingeffectsoftheinterestrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetopon600misthe"oldmoney"EarlofIveagh30headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasseralso30wholaunchedtheClara-NETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet. Anewtendencyemergedinthecurrentboomisthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
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