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中国__领导下的多党合作制度是中国特色社会主义政治
试论坚持和完善中国__领导的多党合作制的重要意义
党的群众路线在政治领域的重要体现是指中国__领导的多党合作制度
中国__领导的多党合作制不是__而是多党制
中国__领导下的多党合作制各民主党派是
中国__领导下的多党合作制其主要政治形式和组织形式是
是中国特色社会主义的政党制度
__
两党制
多党合作制
中国__领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
简述中国__领导的多党合作制的优点
试述坚持和完善中国__领导的多党合作制的重要意义
中国__领导的多党合作制度的首要前提是
坚持中国__的领导
坚持多党合作制度
各民主党派互相团结
各民主党派互相监督
简述中国__领导下的多党合作制
中国__领导的多党合作制不是__而是多党制
中国__领导的多党合作制的主要特点是什么
中华人民共和国建立后实行的是中国__领导的多党合作制
我国的多党合作制是
多党制
在坚持中国__领导下的合作
社会主义政治制度的一个重要组成部分
—党制
我国实行的民主党派制度是
首长负责制
三权分立制
中国__领导的多党合作制
中国__领导的政治协商制
中国__领导的多党合作制具有哪些优势和特点
中国__领导的多党合作制不是__而是多党制
下面是关于党的创立与党的领导的一组材料请回答中国__领导的多党合作制的历史必然性
以下关于中国政党制度的表述不正确的是
中国政党建设是中国__领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
中国__与民主党派合作的方针是“长期共存，互相监督，肝胆相照，荣辱与共”
中国政党制度的特点是__执政，民主党派轮流参政
人民政协是中国__领导的多党合作和协商的重要机构
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InDonJuanLordByronwrote"Sweetisrevenge—especiallytowomen."ButastudyreleasedonWednesdaysupportedbymagneticresonanceimagingsuggeststhatmenmaybethemorenaturalavengers. InthestudywhenmalesubjectswitnessedpeopletheyperceivedashadguysbeingstrokebyamildelectricalshocktheirM.R.I.scanslitupinprimitivebrainareasassociatedwithreward.Theirbrains’empathycentersremaineddull.Womenwatchingthepunishmentincontrastshowednoresponseincentersassociatedwithpleasure.Eventhoughtheyalsosaidtheydidnotlikethebadguystheirempathycentersstillquietlyglowed. Thestudyseemstoshowforthefirsttimeinphysicaltermswhatmanypeopleprobablyassumetheyalreadyknow:thatwomenaregenerallymoreempatheticthanmen.andthatmentakegreatpleasureinseeingrevengeexacted.Men"expressedmoredesireforrevengeandseemedtofeelsatisfactionwhenunfairpeopleweregivenwhattheyperceivedasdeservedphysicalpunishment"saidDrTaniaSingertheleadresearcheroftheWellcomeDepartmentofImagingNeuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.ButfarfromcondemningthemaleimpulseforretributionDr.Singersaidithadanimportantsocialfunction:"Thistypeofbehaviorhasprobablybeencrucialintheevolutionofsocietyasthemajorityofpeopleinagrouparemotivatedtopunishthosewhocheatontherest." Thestudyispartofagrowingbodyofresearchthatisattemptingtobetterunderstandbehaviorandemotionsbyobservingsimultaneousphysiologicalchangesinthebrainatechniquenowattainablethroughimaging."Imagingisstillinitsearlydaysbutwearetransitioningfromadescriptivetoamoremechanistictypeofstudy"saidDr.KlaasEnnoStephanaco-authorofthepaper. Dr.Singer’steamwassimplytryingtoseeifthestudysubjects’degreeofempathycorrelatedwithhowmuchtheylikedordislikedthepersonbeingpunished.Theyhadnotsetouttolookintosexdifferences.Tocultivatepersonallikesanddislikesintheir32volunteerstheyaskedthemtoplayacomplexmoneystrategygamewherebothmembersofapairwouldprofitifbothbehavedcooperatively.Theranksofvolunteerswereinfiltratedbyactorstoldtoplayselfishly.Volunteerscamequicklyto"verymuchlike"thepartnerswhowerecooperativewhiledislikingthosewhohidedrewardsDr.Stephansaid.Effectivelyconditionedtolikeanddisliketheirgame-playingpartnersthe32subjectswereplacedinscannersandaskedtowatchthevariouspartnersreceiveelectricalshocks.Onscansbothmenandwomenseemedtofeelthepainofpartnerstheyliked.Buttherealsurprisecameduringscanswhenthesubjectsviewedthepartnerstheydislikedbeingshocked."Whenwomensawtheshocktheystillhadanempatheticresponseeventhoughitwasreduced."Dr.Stephansaid."Themenhadnoneatall."Furthermoreresearchers.foundthatthebrain’spleasurecenterslitupinmaleswhenjustpunishmentwasmetedout. Theresearcherscautionedthatitwasnotclearifmenandwomenarebornwithdivergentresponsestorevengeoriftheirsocialexperiencesgeneratetheresponses.Dr.Singersaidlargerstudieswereneededtoseeifdifferingresponseswouldbeseenincasesinvolvingrevengethatdidnotinvolvepain.Stillsheadded."Thisinvestigationwouldseemtoindicatethereisapredominantroleformeninmaintainingjusticeandissuingpunishment." AccordingtothetextDr.Singer’sattitude’tomalerevengeimpulseis
WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"—sansteethsanseyessanstaste.Inthecaseoftastehemaymusicallyspeakinghavebeenevenmoreperceptivethanherealized.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearchandCareofAlzheimer’sDiseaseinBresciaItalyshowsthatoneformofseniledementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregressionifnottoinfancythenatleasttoapatient’steens. Frontotemporaldementiaiscausedasitsnamesuggestsbydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeechandwithsuch"higher"functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.FrontotemporaldamagethereforeproducesdifferentsymptomsfromthelossofmemoryassociatedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaseamorefamiliardementiathataffectsthehippocampusandamygdalainthemiddleofthebrain.FrontotemporaldementiaisalsorarerthanAlzheimer’s.InthepastfiveyearsthecentreinBresciahastreatedsome1500Alzheimer’spatients;ithasseenonly46withfrontotemporaldementia. TwoofthosepatientsinterestedDr.Frisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyertheothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemoriesbutdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia—adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning. Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosedthelawyeronceaclassicalmusicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise"startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeterioratedhecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer’sloveofclassicalmusichavingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto. ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer’spatientsandthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporaldememiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanotherlapseofmusicaltasteonewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcomposingandsingingcountryandwesternsongs. Dr.Frisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences.Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehaviorsuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain’srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobecausedbydamagetothelattermightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternativelythedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificneuralcircuitthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDr.FrisoniputsitinhisarticleDeGustibusNonDisputandumEst.Orinplainerwordsthereisnoaccountingfortaste. ForShakespeareoldageassecondchildishnessfortheyhavethesame
WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"—sansteethsanseyessanstaste.Inthecaseoftastehemaymusicallyspeakinghavebeenevenmoreperceptivethanherealized.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearchandCareofAlzheimer’sDiseaseinBresciaItalyshowsthatoneformofseniledementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregressionifnottoinfancythenatleasttoapatient’steens. Frontotemporaldementiaiscausedasitsnamesuggestsbydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeechandwithsuch"higher"functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.FrontotemporaldamagethereforeproducesdifferentsymptomsfromthelossofmemoryassociatedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaseamorefamiliardementiathataffectsthehippocampusandamygdalainthemiddleofthebrain.FrontotemporaldementiaisalsorarerthanAlzheimer’s.InthepastfiveyearsthecentreinBresciahastreatedsome1500Alzheimer’spatients;ithasseenonly46withfrontotemporaldementia. TwoofthosepatientsinterestedDr.Frisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyertheothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemoriesbutdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia—adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning. Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosedthelawyeronceaclassicalmusicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise"startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeterioratedhecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer’sloveofclassicalmusichavingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto. ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer’spatientsandthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporaldememiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanotherlapseofmusicaltasteonewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcomposingandsingingcountryandwesternsongs. Dr.Frisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences.Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehaviorsuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain’srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobecausedbydamagetothelattermightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternativelythedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificneuralcircuitthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDr.FrisoniputsitinhisarticleDeGustibusNonDisputandumEst.Orinplainerwordsthereisnoaccountingfortaste. Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat
WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"—sansteethsanseyessanstaste.Inthecaseoftastehemaymusicallyspeakinghavebeenevenmoreperceptivethanherealized.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearchandCareofAlzheimer’sDiseaseinBresciaItalyshowsthatoneformofseniledementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregressionifnottoinfancythenatleasttoapatient’steens. Frontotemporaldementiaiscausedasitsnamesuggestsbydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeechandwithsuch"higher"functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.FrontotemporaldamagethereforeproducesdifferentsymptomsfromthelossofmemoryassociatedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaseamorefamiliardementiathataffectsthehippocampusandamygdalainthemiddleofthebrain.FrontotemporaldementiaisalsorarerthanAlzheimer’s.InthepastfiveyearsthecentreinBresciahastreatedsome1500Alzheimer’spatients;ithasseenonly46withfrontotemporaldementia. TwoofthosepatientsinterestedDr.Frisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyertheothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemoriesbutdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia—adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning. Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosedthelawyeronceaclassicalmusicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise"startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeterioratedhecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer’sloveofclassicalmusichavingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto. ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer’spatientsandthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporaldememiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanotherlapseofmusicaltasteonewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcomposingandsingingcountryandwesternsongs. Dr.Frisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences.Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehaviorsuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain’srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobecausedbydamagetothelattermightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternativelythedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificneuralcircuitthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDr.FrisoniputsitinhisarticleDeGustibusNonDisputandumEst.Orinplainerwordsthereisnoaccountingfortaste. Fromthetwopatientsmentionedinthepassageitcanbeconcludedthat
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
InDonJuanLordByronwrote"Sweetisrevenge—especiallytowomen."ButastudyreleasedonWednesdaysupportedbymagneticresonanceimagingsuggeststhatmenmaybethemorenaturalavengers. InthestudywhenmalesubjectswitnessedpeopletheyperceivedashadguysbeingstrokebyamildelectricalshocktheirM.R.I.scanslitupinprimitivebrainareasassociatedwithreward.Theirbrains’empathycentersremaineddull.Womenwatchingthepunishmentincontrastshowednoresponseincentersassociatedwithpleasure.Eventhoughtheyalsosaidtheydidnotlikethebadguystheirempathycentersstillquietlyglowed. Thestudyseemstoshowforthefirsttimeinphysicaltermswhatmanypeopleprobablyassumetheyalreadyknow:thatwomenaregenerallymoreempatheticthanmen.andthatmentakegreatpleasureinseeingrevengeexacted.Men"expressedmoredesireforrevengeandseemedtofeelsatisfactionwhenunfairpeopleweregivenwhattheyperceivedasdeservedphysicalpunishment"saidDrTaniaSingertheleadresearcheroftheWellcomeDepartmentofImagingNeuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.ButfarfromcondemningthemaleimpulseforretributionDr.Singersaidithadanimportantsocialfunction:"Thistypeofbehaviorhasprobablybeencrucialintheevolutionofsocietyasthemajorityofpeopleinagrouparemotivatedtopunishthosewhocheatontherest." Thestudyispartofagrowingbodyofresearchthatisattemptingtobetterunderstandbehaviorandemotionsbyobservingsimultaneousphysiologicalchangesinthebrainatechniquenowattainablethroughimaging."Imagingisstillinitsearlydaysbutwearetransitioningfromadescriptivetoamoremechanistictypeofstudy"saidDr.KlaasEnnoStephanaco-authorofthepaper. Dr.Singer’steamwassimplytryingtoseeifthestudysubjects’degreeofempathycorrelatedwithhowmuchtheylikedordislikedthepersonbeingpunished.Theyhadnotsetouttolookintosexdifferences.Tocultivatepersonallikesanddislikesintheir32volunteerstheyaskedthemtoplayacomplexmoneystrategygamewherebothmembersofapairwouldprofitifbothbehavedcooperatively.Theranksofvolunteerswereinfiltratedbyactorstoldtoplayselfishly.Volunteerscamequicklyto"verymuchlike"thepartnerswhowerecooperativewhiledislikingthosewhohidedrewardsDr.Stephansaid.Effectivelyconditionedtolikeanddisliketheirgame-playingpartnersthe32subjectswereplacedinscannersandaskedtowatchthevariouspartnersreceiveelectricalshocks.Onscansbothmenandwomenseemedtofeelthepainofpartnerstheyliked.Buttherealsurprisecameduringscanswhenthesubjectsviewedthepartnerstheydislikedbeingshocked."Whenwomensawtheshocktheystillhadanempatheticresponseeventhoughitwasreduced."Dr.Stephansaid."Themenhadnoneatall."Furthermoreresearchers.foundthatthebrain’spleasurecenterslitupinmaleswhenjustpunishmentwasmetedout. Theresearcherscautionedthatitwasnotclearifmenandwomenarebornwithdivergentresponsestorevengeoriftheirsocialexperiencesgeneratetheresponses.Dr.Singersaidlargerstudieswereneededtoseeifdifferingresponseswouldbeseenincasesinvolvingrevengethatdidnotinvolvepain.Stillsheadded."Thisinvestigationwouldseemtoindicatethereisapredominantroleformeninmaintainingjusticeandissuingpunishment." ThewordinfiltratedLine5Para.5probablymeans
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
NobodyitseemswantstobeleftoutofArgentina’scurrentboomintelevisionrealityshows.Afterthesuccessoflocalversionsof"BigBrother"and"Survivor"acameraisnowtobe1inthepresidentialpalacetheCasaRosadatofilmeverythingwellalmost2PresidentFernandodelaRuagets3to.Theresultswillbeeditedand4severaltimesaday5thestatechannelCanal7:thusdispellitis6thenotionthatthepresidentspendshistimetwiddlinghisthumbstohiseconomyministerDomingoCavallorunsthecountry. Thisisadangerousstrategy.Mr.delaRua’spredecessorCarlosMenemwasfamousforhisloveofshowbusinessevenclosinghis1995presidentialcampaign7anappearanceonthehitshow"Videomatch".Indeliberate8beforehiselectionvictorytwoyears9.Mr.delaRua10intelevisioncommercialsthathewasaveryboringman.Audiencesagree:hisappearanceslastyearonseveralleadingtalk11madetheirratingsfall.Worsewhenhedecidedtomakehisownappearanceon"Videomatch"lastDecemberamemberoftheaudienceblamedhimandlefthim12embarrassed. Withacongressionalelection13inOctoberopinion14suggestthatoverthree-quartersofArgentines15dissatisfiedwithMr.delaRua.Thatsayshiscircleisatleastpartlyduetohis16portrayalbyFreddyVillarrealanimpressioniston"Videomatch"andbyleadingnewspapercartoonistssuchasNikinLaNaeion. Mr.delaRua’steamisapparentlypressingthe17tobenicer.Butitisunclearwhetherblanket18willhelpthepresidentwin19viewersorwhethertheywillvotethatFernandoshould20thehousein2003 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
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