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既能发表解肌，又能升阳止泻的药物是
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葛根的功效是
发表解肌，升阳透疹
解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻
发表解肌，清利头目
解肌退热，疏肝解郁
发表解肌，利水消肿
葛根的功效是?
发表解肌，清利头目
发表解肌，升阳透疹
解肌退热，解毒，生津止渴，升阳止泻
发表解肌，利水消肿
解肌退热，疏肝解郁
葛根的功效是
发表解肌，清利头目
解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻
解肌退热，疏肝解郁
发表解肌，透疹解毒
发表解肌，利水消肿
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的药物是
升麻
葛根
柴胡
防风
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的药物是
升麻
葛根
柴胡
桂枝
薄荷
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的药物是
葛根
桑叶
升麻
柴胡
薄荷
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的物是
葛根
柴胡
升麻
桑叶
薄荷
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的药物是
升麻
葛根
柴胡
桑叶
薄荷
葛根的功效是
发表解肌，清利头目
发表解肌，升阳透疹
解肌退热，疏肝解郁
解肌退热，解毒，生津止渴，升阳止泻
发表解肌，利水消肿B
既能发表解肌又能升阳止泻的药物是
柴胡
桑叶
葛根
升麻
具有发表解肌生津止渴升阳止泻的药物是
升麻
葛根
薄荷
桑叶
柴胡
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要坚持公有制的主体地位发挥国有经济的主导作用加快调整国有经济布局和结构下列关于对公有制和企业改革的叙述正确的是
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
LateVictorianandmodernideasofculturearealwaysinsomesenseattributedtoMatthewArnoldwholargelythroughhisCultureandAnarchy1869placedthewordatthecenterofdebatesaboutthegoalsofintellectuallifeandhumanisticsociety.Arnolddefinedcultureasthepursuitoftotalperfectionbymeansofgettingtoknowonallmatterswhichmostconcernusthebestwhichhasbeenthoughtandsaidintheworld.ItwasArnold’’shopethatthroughthisknowledgewecanturnafreshandfreethoughtuponourstocknotionsandhabits.AlthoughArnold’’sthinkingaboutculturehelpedtodefinethepurposesoftheliberalartscurriculuminthecenturyfollowingthepublicationofCulturethreeconcreteformsofdisagreementwithArnold’’sviewshavehadconsiderableimpactoftheirown. ThefirstcanbeseenasprotestingArnold’’sfearfuldestinationofanarchyasculture’’senemy.Thisdivisionseemstosetupsimplyonemoreversionoftheoldstrugglebetweenaprivilegedpowerstructureandradicalchallengestoitsauthority.Arnoldcertainlytriedtodefinethearch-thelawfulorderofvalue-againstwhathesawasthean-archexistentialistdemocracyyethehimselfwasannoyedinhissoulbytheblindprideofthereactionarypowersinhisworld. AnotherformofoppositionsawArnold’’scultureasanabsurdperpetuationofclassicalandliterarylearningoutlookandprivilegesinaworldwheresciencehadbecomethenewarchandfromwhichanyreallyneworderofthinkingmustdevelop.AtthecenterofthetwoculturesdebatewerethegoalsoftheformalcurriculumintheeducationalsystemwhichisalwaystakentobetheprincipalvehiclethroughwhichArnoldiancultureoperates.HoweverArnoldhimselfhadviewedcultureasenactingitslifeinamuchmorebroadlyconceivedsetofinstitutions. TodayhoweverArnoldiancultureissustainedifindirectlybymulticulturalismamovementaimedlargelyatgainingrecognitionforvoicesandvisionsthatArnoldianculturehasimplicitlysuppressed.Atthelevelofeducationalpracticethemulticulturalistsareinterestedinlesseningthearbitraryauthoritythathighcultureexercisesoverthecurriculumwhilebringingintoplaytheprinciplethatwemustlearnwhatisrepresentativeforwehaveoveremphasizedwhatisexceptional.Themulticulturalists’’conflictwithArnoldianculturehasclearsimilaritiestotheradicalcritique;yetmulticulturalismaffirmsArnoldbyreturningusmorespecificallytoatensioninherentintheideaofcultureratherthantotheculture-anarchydivision. ThesocialcriticsdefendersofscienceandmulticulturalistsinsistthatArnold’’scultureissimplyadevicefororderingusabout.Insteaditisdesignedtoregisterthegatheringofideologicalcloudsonthehorizon.ThereisnoutopianmotiveinArnold’’scelebrationofperfection.TheideaofperfectionmatteredtoArnoldastheonlybackgroundagainstwhichwecouldformajustimageofouractualcircumstancesjustaswecanconceivefinersunsetsandunheardmelodies.ThiscapacitywhichallhumanspossessArnoldmadethefoundationandauthorityofculture. InrefutingArnold’’sopponentstheauthoremploysallofthefollowingtechniquesEXCEPT
欧几里德几何学认为三角形之内角和等于180度在一条直线外一点可以引且只能引一条与该线平行的线非欧几何学则认为三角形之内角和不等于180度或大于180度或小于180度在一条直线外一点可以引无数条与该线相平行的线也可以一条都引不出来这表明
Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudiesthatcurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhoodworkleisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrativeitisnowentirelyanalytic.TheoldquestionsWhathappenedandHowdidithappenhavegivenwaytothequestionWhydidithappen46ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhyispsychoanalysisanditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory. Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispracticaluseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.TheyarecommittednotjusttopsychologyingeneralbuttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentpreventsacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.47Psychohistoryderivesitsfactsnotfromhistorythedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirsequencesbutfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoryanddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlivesbutfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendsgoesbeyondhistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibletoandthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasicbeliefofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.48Psychohistoriansconvincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirtheoriesarealsoconvincedthattheirsisthedeepestexplanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortoftruth. Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory;italsoviolatesthepastitself.49Itdeniestothepastanyintegrityandwillofitsowninwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadmanycausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresentthusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.50Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepastitassimilatesalleventspastandpresentintoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
LateVictorianandmodernideasofculturearealwaysinsomesenseattributedtoMatthewArnoldwholargelythroughhisCultureandAnarchy1869placedthewordatthecenterofdebatesaboutthegoalsofintellectuallifeandhumanisticsociety.Arnolddefinedcultureasthepursuitoftotalperfectionbymeansofgettingtoknowonallmatterswhichmostconcernusthebestwhichhasbeenthoughtandsaidintheworld.ItwasArnold’’shopethatthroughthisknowledgewecanturnafreshandfreethoughtuponourstocknotionsandhabits.AlthoughArnold’’sthinkingaboutculturehelpedtodefinethepurposesoftheliberalartscurriculuminthecenturyfollowingthepublicationofCulturethreeconcreteformsofdisagreementwithArnold’’sviewshavehadconsiderableimpactoftheirown. ThefirstcanbeseenasprotestingArnold’’sfearfuldestinationofanarchyasculture’’senemy.Thisdivisionseemstosetupsimplyonemoreversionoftheoldstrugglebetweenaprivilegedpowerstructureandradicalchallengestoitsauthority.Arnoldcertainlytriedtodefinethearch-thelawfulorderofvalue-againstwhathesawasthean-archexistentialistdemocracyyethehimselfwasannoyedinhissoulbytheblindprideofthereactionarypowersinhisworld. AnotherformofoppositionsawArnold’’scultureasanabsurdperpetuationofclassicalandliterarylearningoutlookandprivilegesinaworldwheresciencehadbecomethenewarchandfromwhichanyreallyneworderofthinkingmustdevelop.AtthecenterofthetwoculturesdebatewerethegoalsoftheformalcurriculumintheeducationalsystemwhichisalwaystakentobetheprincipalvehiclethroughwhichArnoldiancultureoperates.HoweverArnoldhimselfhadviewedcultureasenactingitslifeinamuchmorebroadlyconceivedsetofinstitutions. TodayhoweverArnoldiancultureissustainedifindirectlybymulticulturalismamovementaimedlargelyatgainingrecognitionforvoicesandvisionsthatArnoldianculturehasimplicitlysuppressed.Atthelevelofeducationalpracticethemulticulturalistsareinterestedinlesseningthearbitraryauthoritythathighcultureexercisesoverthecurriculumwhilebringingintoplaytheprinciplethatwemustlearnwhatisrepresentativeforwehaveoveremphasizedwhatisexceptional.Themulticulturalists’’conflictwithArnoldianculturehasclearsimilaritiestotheradicalcritique;yetmulticulturalismaffirmsArnoldbyreturningusmorespecificallytoatensioninherentintheideaofcultureratherthantotheculture-anarchydivision. ThesocialcriticsdefendersofscienceandmulticulturalistsinsistthatArnold’’scultureissimplyadevicefororderingusabout.Insteaditisdesignedtoregisterthegatheringofideologicalcloudsonthehorizon.ThereisnoutopianmotiveinArnold’’scelebrationofperfection.TheideaofperfectionmatteredtoArnoldastheonlybackgroundagainstwhichwecouldformajustimageofouractualcircumstancesjustaswecanconceivefinersunsetsandunheardmelodies.ThiscapacitywhichallhumanspossessArnoldmadethefoundationandauthorityofculture. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmulticulturalistsisNOTsupportedbythetext
LateVictorianandmodernideasofculturearealwaysinsomesenseattributedtoMatthewArnoldwholargelythroughhisCultureandAnarchy1869placedthewordatthecenterofdebatesaboutthegoalsofintellectuallifeandhumanisticsociety.Arnolddefinedcultureasthepursuitoftotalperfectionbymeansofgettingtoknowonallmatterswhichmostconcernusthebestwhichhasbeenthoughtandsaidintheworld.ItwasArnold’’shopethatthroughthisknowledgewecanturnafreshandfreethoughtuponourstocknotionsandhabits.AlthoughArnold’’sthinkingaboutculturehelpedtodefinethepurposesoftheliberalartscurriculuminthecenturyfollowingthepublicationofCulturethreeconcreteformsofdisagreementwithArnold’’sviewshavehadconsiderableimpactoftheirown. ThefirstcanbeseenasprotestingArnold’’sfearfuldestinationofanarchyasculture’’senemy.Thisdivisionseemstosetupsimplyonemoreversionoftheoldstrugglebetweenaprivilegedpowerstructureandradicalchallengestoitsauthority.Arnoldcertainlytriedtodefinethearch-thelawfulorderofvalue-againstwhathesawasthean-archexistentialistdemocracyyethehimselfwasannoyedinhissoulbytheblindprideofthereactionarypowersinhisworld. AnotherformofoppositionsawArnold’’scultureasanabsurdperpetuationofclassicalandliterarylearningoutlookandprivilegesinaworldwheresciencehadbecomethenewarchandfromwhichanyreallyneworderofthinkingmustdevelop.AtthecenterofthetwoculturesdebatewerethegoalsoftheformalcurriculumintheeducationalsystemwhichisalwaystakentobetheprincipalvehiclethroughwhichArnoldiancultureoperates.HoweverArnoldhimselfhadviewedcultureasenactingitslifeinamuchmorebroadlyconceivedsetofinstitutions. TodayhoweverArnoldiancultureissustainedifindirectlybymulticulturalismamovementaimedlargelyatgainingrecognitionforvoicesandvisionsthatArnoldianculturehasimplicitlysuppressed.Atthelevelofeducationalpracticethemulticulturalistsareinterestedinlesseningthearbitraryauthoritythathighcultureexercisesoverthecurriculumwhilebringingintoplaytheprinciplethatwemustlearnwhatisrepresentativeforwehaveoveremphasizedwhatisexceptional.Themulticulturalists’’conflictwithArnoldianculturehasclearsimilaritiestotheradicalcritique;yetmulticulturalismaffirmsArnoldbyreturningusmorespecificallytoatensioninherentintheideaofcultureratherthantotheculture-anarchydivision. ThesocialcriticsdefendersofscienceandmulticulturalistsinsistthatArnold’’scultureissimplyadevicefororderingusabout.Insteaditisdesignedtoregisterthegatheringofideologicalcloudsonthehorizon.ThereisnoutopianmotiveinArnold’’scelebrationofperfection.TheideaofperfectionmatteredtoArnoldastheonlybackgroundagainstwhichwecouldformajustimageofouractualcircumstancesjustaswecanconceivefinersunsetsandunheardmelodies.ThiscapacitywhichallhumanspossessArnoldmadethefoundationandauthorityofculture. Thetextischieflyaimedat
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Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
工农武装割据是中国革命的重要内容和主要形式
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfoinformationrichandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethenhoweverwerethenewpositiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic. Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercializeditisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterallthemorepeopleonlinethemorepotentialcustomersthereare.MoreandmoregovernmentsafraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehindwanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwoonetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.AsaresultInowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’’veeverhad. OfcoursetheuseoftheInternetisn’’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential. Totakeadvantageofthistoolsomeimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.CountriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructurethebasicstructuralfoundationsofasocietyintheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructureitdidn’’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’’sSecondWaveinfrastructure―includingroadsharborshighwaysportsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglishtheGermanstheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.GuesswhoownsthemnowTheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructurewhichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructurethebetteroffyou’’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooledorlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet. Itseemsthatnowacountry’’seconomydependsmuchon______
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
__在七一讲话中说促进人的全面发展这是马克思主义关于建设社会主义新社会的本质要求我们要在发展社会主义社会物质文明和精神文明的基础上不断推进人类的全面发展运用历史唯物主义关于人的发展与社会发展关系的原理分析这一论断及其重要意义
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
YouareacollegegraduateinLaw.Writealettertoalawofficetoapplyforapositionwhichshouldinclude: 1thepositionofyourapplication 2thereasonofyourinterestinthejob 3yourrelatedknowledgeskillsandexperience. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudiesthatcurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhoodworkleisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrativeitisnowentirelyanalytic.TheoldquestionsWhathappenedandHowdidithappenhavegivenwaytothequestionWhydidithappen46ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhyispsychoanalysisanditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory. Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispracticaluseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.TheyarecommittednotjusttopsychologyingeneralbuttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentpreventsacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.47Psychohistoryderivesitsfactsnotfromhistorythedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirsequencesbutfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoryanddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlivesbutfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendsgoesbeyondhistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibletoandthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasicbeliefofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.48Psychohistoriansconvincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirtheoriesarealsoconvincedthattheirsisthedeepestexplanationofanyeventthatotherexplanationsfallshortoftruth. Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory;italsoviolatesthepastitself.49Itdeniestothepastanyintegrityandwillofitsowninwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadmanycausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresentthusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.50Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepastitassimilatesalleventspastandpresentintoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances
Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100femalesbutthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturityandamong70-year-oldtherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Nowboybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthatforthefirsttimetherewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportantanotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsagothechanceofababyparticularlyaboybabysurvivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenesonemoreagentofevolutionhasgone. Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalivebuthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunitiesveryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirthsliketheageofdeathhasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Againdifferencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday--everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring--meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes. Forusthismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangelyithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100000years--eventhepast100years--ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolvebecausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theylookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksatashipasatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiaweweretheywilllookjustlikeus. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage
本题为选做题请在ⅠⅡ两道试题中选取其中一道解答若两题都回答只按第Ⅰ道试题的成绩记入总分 选做题I 根据所学知识分析材料回答问题 2005年7月7日英国伦敦发生多起地铁和公共汽车爆炸现已确认爆炸为自杀式爆炸英国卫报于18日发表文章说调查表明英国爆炸案的制造者可能与巴基斯坦的极端分子有关而巴基斯坦驻联合国大使穆尼尔·阿克拉姆17日说伦敦爆炸案是英国的内部问题引发的他指责布布莱尔的对外政策还批评英国社会没有与其穆斯林融为一体他说“由于是内在的问题所以重要的是不要把责任归咎于别人你的中东政策你对伊斯兰世界采取的政策以及你的社会问题都是与这次爆炸事件有关的问题指责巴基斯坦或其他任何别的国家都是非常错误的”他说“你必须反省一下看看你是怎样对待穆斯林社会的为什么穆斯林社会无法与英国社会融为一体” 摘自新华每日电讯 __主义已经成为人类的公敌请结合所学知识分析__主义产生的根源及如何彻底消除__主义 选做题Ⅱ 下面是关于文化问题的材料 材料1__认为“一定的文化是一定社会的政治和经济在观念形态上的反映在中国有帝国主义文化这是反映帝国主义在政治经济上统治或半统治中国的东西……在中国又有半封建文化这是反映半封建政治和半封建经济的东西……这类反动文化是替帝国主义和封建阶级服务的是应该被__的东西……至于新文化则是在观念形态上反映新政治和新经济的东西是替新政治新经济服务的……新的政治力量新的经济力量新的文化力量都是中国的单命力量……所谓新民主主义的文化一句话就是无产阶级领导的人民大众的反帝反封建的文化” 摘自__新民主主义论 材料2__指出“建设有中国特色社会主义的文化就是以马克思主义为指导以培育有理想有道德有文化有纪律的公民为目标发展面向现代化面向世界面向未来的民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化……建设立足中国现实继承历史文化优秀传统吸取外国文化有益成果的社会主义精神文明” 摘自__高举__理论伟大旗帜把建设有 中国特色社会主义事业全面推向二十一世纪 材料3列宁认为“无产阶级文化并不是从天上掉下来的也不是那些自命为无产阶级文化专家的人杜撰出来的……无产阶级文化应当是人类在资本主义社会地主社会和官僚社会压迫下创造出来的全部知识合乎规律的发展……只有用人类创造的全部知识财富来丰富自己的头脑才能成为共产主义者” 摘自列宁选集 材料4__说“我们这个民族有数千年的历史有它的特点有它的许多珍贵品质对于这些我们还是小学生今天的中国是历史的中国的一个发展我们是马克思主义的历史主义者我们不应当割断历史从孔夫子到刊中山我们应当给以总结承继这一份珍贵的遗产” 摘自__中国__在民族战争中的地位 请回答 1根据材料1分析文化和政治经济之间的关系 2根据材料1材料2简述新民主主义的文化和建设有中国特色社会主义的文化之间的异同 3根据材料3材料4简要说明无产阶级文化和人类历史上其他文化之间的关系以及对待其他文化的科学态度
WhenitcomestotheslowingeconomyEllenSperoisn’’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’’tcuttingfilingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’’dliketoeither.Mostofherclientsspend＄12to＄50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’’magoodeconomicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscalingshoppingatmiddle-browDillard’’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhomeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonmetooshesays. EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’’sadmissionthatAmerica’’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’’space.Butdon’’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednotpanickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’’slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadfulheadlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe＄4millionto＄10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessaysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob. Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.GettingatableatManhattan’’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.ForthatGreenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting. Whycanmanypeopleseesilverliningstotheeconomicslowdown
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories________ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior________theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough________withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin________totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus________asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies________thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes________lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandare________tocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirecfiy________juvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythat________tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment________makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin________leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealso________changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;________childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome________wascommoninthetraditionalfamily________Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other________causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreased________ofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowing________ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact________adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfoinformationrichandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethenhoweverwerethenewpositiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic. Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercializeditisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterallthemorepeopleonlinethemorepotentialcustomersthereare.MoreandmoregovernmentsafraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehindwanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwoonetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.AsaresultInowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’’veeverhad. OfcoursetheuseoftheInternetisn’’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential. Totakeadvantageofthistoolsomeimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.CountriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructurethebasicstructuralfoundationsofasocietyintheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructureitdidn’’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’’sSecondWaveinfrastructure―includingroadsharborshighwaysportsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglishtheGermanstheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.GuesswhoownsthemnowTheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructurewhichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructurethebetteroffyou’’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooledorlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet. GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit______.
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