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正常生理情况下，在肝外仍可进行的代谢是
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特殊情况下煤矿井下可进行裸露爆破但必须有专门措施
下列关于基础代谢描述正确的是
是指人体在维持呼吸、心跳等最基本活动情况下的能量代谢
是指人体基本运动情况下的能量代谢
可以用气体代谢法来测量
正常情况下男子的基础代谢高于女子
无体力运动情况下的能量代谢
支架上的液压部件及管路系统在有压力的情况下也可进行修理与更换
在正常生理情况下糖和蛋白质是主要的功能物质
正常生理情况下在肝外仍可进行的代谢是
糖异生作用
尿素合成
酮体生成
胆固醇合成
胆汁酸生成
请列举在糖脂蛋白质代谢过程中肝脏特有的三种代谢途径在正常情况下其他组 织器官很难或很少进行的代谢过程
BMR是人体在正常情况下的最低代谢率
基础代谢率是人体在正常情况下的最低代谢率
室外使用__验电器在气候条件不太好的情况下也可进行
LKJ-93型监控装置哪些情况下可进行一般解锁如何进行解锁操作
液压系统负荷试验先在高于最大负荷情况下进行一切正常后方 可进行在最大负荷试验
主账户种情况下子账户的资金不再向下或向下归集但可进行正常业务处理
正常
部门冻结
全封户
半封户
锅炉正常运行中若主汽温度偏低在采用减少或关闭减温水和燃烧调整后 仍提不起来的情况下可进行水冷壁吹灰工
强油风冷变压器在冷却装置全部停止运行的情况下仍可继续正常运行
基础代谢率是人体正常情况下的最低代谢率
在什么情况下可进行间断采样
正常情况下机体新陈代谢所产生代谢产物由心血管系统运送到等处排出体外
心、肺、皮肤
肺、肾、皮肤
肝、肾、皮肤
肺、脾、皮肤
正常生理情况下在肝外仍可进行的代谢为
糖异生作用
酮体生成
尿素合成
胆固醇合成
脂肪变性是细胞内脂肪代谢障碍时的形态表现其特点是细胞浆内出现了正常情况下在光镜下看不见的或此种变性多
正常生理情况下每天的体温在中最低在最高
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Text3 Imaginethatyouareinhospital waitingtohaveanoperation.Itistimetogotothetheatre;theanesthetist approachesyouandspeaks.ButinsteadofthereassuringwordsI’mjustgoing togiveyousomethingtosendyouofftosleepyouhear:Letmetakeyouona triptowardsdeath.TerrifyingMaybebutthatiswhathavingageneral anestheticisallabout.Ifyougiveasmallamountofananestheticdrugit won’thaveanyeffect.Ifyougivemoreitwillputthepatientofftosleep butifyougivemorestillitcankillthepatient.Inamodem hospitalbeforeyouaregivenananestheticananesthetistasksyouanumber ofquestionstodecidewhichdrugstouse.Mostimportantlytheycheckthe stateofyourheartandlungsandaskifyouhaveasthmaanginaorhaveever hadaheartattack.Theywanttoknowaboutanydrugsyouaretakingsothat theydonotgiveyouananestheticthatreactsbadlywiththemandtheywill alsofindoutifyouhaveanyallergies.Aswellasputtingyou tosleeptheanesthetistisalsoresponsibleforcontrollingyourpain.Then howcantheanesthetisttellthattheyhaveputtheirpatientsfarenoughunder Mostlybyexperience.Thereisnosuchthingasanawarenessmonitorthough allthepatient’sbodyfunctionssuchasheartrategasesgoinginandoutand oxygenlevelsinthebloodaremonitored.Iftheanestheticisnotdeepenough andthepatientbecomeslight’themonitorsshouldtelltheanesthetistthat somethingiswronglongbeforethepatientbecomesaware.Thisiswhythe anesthetistwatchesthepatientcarefullythroughouttheoperation.Attheend ofyouroperationtheanestheticisminedoff.Itmightseem surprisingthattheanesthetistisoftentheunsungherooftheoperating thestre.Manypeopleincludingsomenursingstaffdonotrealizethatthe anesthetistfirsthastoqualifyasadoctor.Theythentakethreefurther examinationstoqualifyasanesthetistsbecauseofthenumberofthingsthey havetotakeintoaccountwhencarryingouttheirworkTheydo notsimplyneedtoknowaboutthedrugstheyuse;theymustalsoknowaboutall theotherdrugsonthemarketsothattheycanavoiddangerousinteractions. Theyhavetokeepabreastofanynewsurgicaltechniquetomakesuretheygive anappropriateanestheticforanyoperation.Thejourney towardsdeathhascomealongway.Butonefascinatingfactremains: whetheritisetheroracomplexcocktailbeingusedtoputsomeoneto sleep:nooneyetknowsexactlyhowanesthetics work.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
__规范的重要特点有
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeen removed.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gto fitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachooseswhichdonot fitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Universitiestheworldoverlovesymbolsfrommedieval scholasticgarbatdegreeceremoniestotheowlsandscrollsofscholastic badge.ButformanyuniversitiesespeciallyinBritainandelsewhereinEurope amoreaccurateemblemwouldincludeslummybuildingsdogearedbooksand demoralizeddons.That’swhyBritain’sgovernmentisnextweekrisking defeatintheHouseofCommonstobringmoreprivatemoneyintothecountry’s universities’--andwhyEuropeananddevelopingcountriesnowbusyexpanding highereducationneedtothinkhardabouthowmuchgovernmentinvolvement isgoodforuniversities.41__________.America’sflourishing universitiesexemplifytheformerEurope’sthelatter.Britain’sgovernment wantstomovetowardstheAmericanmodal.Thesubjectofnextweek’srebellion isabillthatwouldallowEnglishuniversitiesScotlandandWalesaredifferent tochargeupto3000pounds5460dollarsintuitionfeesinsteadofthe currentflatrate1125.Studentswillborrowthemoneythroughastaterunloan schemeandpayitbackoncetheyareearningenough. 42__________.Butitreflectsanimportantshiftinthinking. Firstthatthenewmoneyuniversitiesneedshouldcomefromgraduates ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Secondandmostcruciallyitabandonsthe egalitarianassumptionthatalluniversitiesareequallydeserving. Thatiscommendablejustbecauseacourseischeapdoesnotmeanitis worthlessandtheexistenceofcostlyonesisnotinitselfasignofiniquitous socialdivision.Yetoldthinkinghasdeeproots.Bandyingphrasessuchas excellenceforallandeducationforthemanynotthefew politiciansespeciallyleftwingoneswanttodaptheuniversityeducated labelonevermorepeopleregardlessofmeritcostorpracticality. 43__________.Ithumiliatesthetalentedbutdisadvantagedwhosesuccess isthendevaluedanditinfuriatesthetalentedwhoarenotdeemed underprivilegedenoughandwhofeeltheirmeritsignoredanditmakes universitiesdoajobtheyareboundtobebadat.Public fundingisaddictiveandthewithdrawalsymptomsarepainful.44__________. Inflatedtuitionfeesareabigworryandalumnipreferencelooksunfair.But overallAmerica’ssystemlookssustainableinawaythattheOldWorld’sdoes not.Inshortthemodeltostriveforisvariedinstitutions chargingvariedfees.Notallcoursesneedlastthreeyearsorbringafull honorsdegree.45__________.Itisbettertodosomethingswell ratherthaneverythingindifferently.Itisbecausepoliticianshaveforgotten thatsomeoftheworld’soldestuniversitiesriskafuturethatisalotless gloriousthantheirpast.A.Somewillbelongeranddeeper; othersshorterandshallower.Someuniversitiesmayspecializeasteachingonly institutionslikeAmerica’sliberalartscolleges.Othersmaywantto concentratemainlyonresearch.Allmusthavetherighttoselecttheir intake.B.Universitiescanindeedgivethedisadvantagedaleg up—buttheywilldoitmuchbetterifthestatestandshack.Micromanaging universityadmissionsastheBritishgovernmenthasbeentryingtodoongrounds ofclasswithtargetsquotasfinesandstricturesrisksthesameconsequencesas similarAmericanexperimentsbasedonracialpreference.C. AlisonWolfaBritisheconomisttermsthisthetwoaspiringoodfiveaspirin betterapproachtouniversityfinance.Itisdeeplyflawed.Inrealitythere isnoprovenconnectionbetweenspendingonuniversitiesandprosperitynorcan therebe.D.ButasBritishdonsandpoliticiansstragglewith theseissuesandtheirEuropeancounterpartsponderwhetheronedaytheymight justhavetodosomethingsimilarthemessageforemergingeconomieslikeChina andIndiawhoareinvestingheavilyintheirownsystemsofhighereducationis clear—avoidanationalizedanduniformsystemandgoforonethatisdiverseand independentAmerica’suniversitieshavetheirproblems.E.Itis averylimitedstartfacedwithsweetenersforstudentsfrompoorbackgrounds. Thebestuniversitiesworrythatthemaximumfeeshouldbemanytimes higher.F.IndeedfacedwithagingpopulationsBritainandmost Europeancountriesarguablyshouldbeencouragingtheiryoungpeopletostart earningearlierintheirlivesratherthanlater.G.Thereare broadlytwomodelsforrunninguniversities.Theycanbeautonomousinstitutions mainlydependentonprivateincomesuchasfeesdonationsandinvestmentsor theycanbestatefinancedandasaresultstaterun.
近代__是下面哪项革命的产物
有学者认为人权是__的出发点和归宿__说到底是人权的保障法试从__的特征和价值角度分析这一观点的合理性
Text4 Modemtechnologymaynothaveimproved theworldallthatmuchbut.itcertainlyhasmadelifenoisier.Un-muffled motorcyclesblaringcaralarmsandrovingboomboxescomefirstsecondand thirdonmylistofmostobnoxiousnoiseoffendersbuteveryonecouldcomeup withhisownversionofauralhell--ifhecouldjustfindaquietspottoponder thematter.Yetwhattechnologyhasdoneothertechnologyis nowstartingtoundousingcomputerpowertozapthoseear-splittingnoises intosilence.Previouslysilenceseekershadlittlerecourseexcepttostay insideclosethewindowsandplugtheirears.Remedieslikethesearequaintly termedpassivesystemsbecausetheyplacephysicalbarriersagainstthe unwantedsound.Nowcomputertechnologyisproducingafarmoreeffective activesystemwhichdoesn’tjustcontaindeflectormaskthenoisebut annihilatesitelectronically.Thesystemworksbycountering theoffendingnoisewithanti-noiseasomewhatsinistersoundingtermthat callstomindantimatterblackholesandotherPopularSciencemindbendersbut thatactuallyreferstosomethingquitesimple.Justasawaveonapondis flattenedwhenitmergeswithatroughthatisitsexactoppositeormirror imagesocanasoundwavebymeetingitsopposite.This generaltheoryofsoundcancellationhasbeenaroundsincethe1930s.Inthe fiftiesandsixtiesitmadeorakindofmagictrickamonglaboratory acousticiansplayingaroundwiththefirstclunkymainframecomputers.The adventoflow-costhigh-powermicroprocessorshasmadeactive noise-cancellationsystemsacommercialpossibilityandahandfulofsmall electronicsfirmsintheUnitedStatesandabroadarebringingthefirstones ontothesilencemarket.Silencebuffsmightbehopingthatthe noise-cancelingapparatuswilltaketheshapeofthe44MagnumwieldedbyDirty Harrybutinfactactivesoundcontrolisnotquitethatactive.Thesystem mightmoreproperlyhedescribedasreactiveinthatitrespondstosoundwaves alreadyheadedtowardhumanears.Intheconfigurationthatisusualforsuch systemsmicrophonesdetectthenoisesignalandsendittothesystem’s microprocessorwhichalmostinstantlymodelsitandcreatesitsinversefor loudspeakerstofireattheoriginal.Becausethetwosoundsoccupy’thesame rangeoffrequenciesandtonestheinversesoundsexactlytikethenoiseitis meanttoeliminate:theanti-noisecancelingBeethoven’sFifthSymphonyis heardasBeethoven’sFifth.Theonlydifferenceisthateverypositivepressure producedontheairbytheorchestraismatchedbyanegativepressureproduced bythecomputerandtherebysilencingthesound.Thesystemismosteffective asakindofmufflerinwhichmicrophonesmicroprocessorandloudspeakerare allinaunitencasingthedevicethatproducesthesoundstiflingitatits source.Butitcanworkasaheadsettoonegatingthesoundatthelastmoment beforeitdisturbsone’speaceofmind.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage
Text4 Modemtechnologymaynothaveimproved theworldallthatmuchbut.itcertainlyhasmadelifenoisier.Un-muffled motorcyclesblaringcaralarmsandrovingboomboxescomefirstsecondand thirdonmylistofmostobnoxiousnoiseoffendersbuteveryonecouldcomeup withhisownversionofauralhell--ifhecouldjustfindaquietspottoponder thematter.Yetwhattechnologyhasdoneothertechnologyis nowstartingtoundousingcomputerpowertozapthoseear-splittingnoises intosilence.Previouslysilenceseekershadlittlerecourseexcepttostay insideclosethewindowsandplugtheirears.Remedieslikethesearequaintly termedpassivesystemsbecausetheyplacephysicalbarriersagainstthe unwantedsound.Nowcomputertechnologyisproducingafarmoreeffective activesystemwhichdoesn’tjustcontaindeflectormaskthenoisebut annihilatesitelectronically.Thesystemworksbycountering theoffendingnoisewithanti-noiseasomewhatsinistersoundingtermthat callstomindantimatterblackholesandotherPopularSciencemindbendersbut thatactuallyreferstosomethingquitesimple.Justasawaveonapondis flattenedwhenitmergeswithatroughthatisitsexactoppositeormirror imagesocanasoundwavebymeetingitsopposite.This generaltheoryofsoundcancellationhasbeenaroundsincethe1930s.Inthe fiftiesandsixtiesitmadeorakindofmagictrickamonglaboratory acousticiansplayingaroundwiththefirstclunkymainframecomputers.The adventoflow-costhigh-powermicroprocessorshasmadeactive noise-cancellationsystemsacommercialpossibilityandahandfulofsmall electronicsfirmsintheUnitedStatesandabroadarebringingthefirstones ontothesilencemarket.Silencebuffsmightbehopingthatthe noise-cancelingapparatuswilltaketheshapeofthe44MagnumwieldedbyDirty Harrybutinfactactivesoundcontrolisnotquitethatactive.Thesystem mightmoreproperlyhedescribedasreactiveinthatitrespondstosoundwaves alreadyheadedtowardhumanears.Intheconfigurationthatisusualforsuch systemsmicrophonesdetectthenoisesignalandsendittothesystem’s microprocessorwhichalmostinstantlymodelsitandcreatesitsinversefor loudspeakerstofireattheoriginal.Becausethetwosoundsoccupy’thesame rangeoffrequenciesandtonestheinversesoundsexactlytikethenoiseitis meanttoeliminate:theanti-noisecancelingBeethoven’sFifthSymphonyis heardasBeethoven’sFifth.Theonlydifferenceisthateverypositivepressure producedontheairbytheorchestraismatchedbyanegativepressureproduced bythecomputerandtherebysilencingthesound.Thesystemismosteffective asakindofmufflerinwhichmicrophonesmicroprocessorandloudspeakerare allinaunitencasingthedevicethatproducesthesoundstiflingitatits source.Butitcanworkasaheadsettoonegatingthesoundatthelastmoment beforeitdisturbsone’speaceofmind.Accordingtothepassageanactivenoise-cancellationsystem______.
Text3 Imaginethatyouareinhospital waitingtohaveanoperation.Itistimetogotothetheatre;theanesthetist approachesyouandspeaks.ButinsteadofthereassuringwordsI’mjustgoing togiveyousomethingtosendyouofftosleepyouhear:Letmetakeyouona triptowardsdeath.TerrifyingMaybebutthatiswhathavingageneral anestheticisallabout.Ifyougiveasmallamountofananestheticdrugit won’thaveanyeffect.Ifyougivemoreitwillputthepatientofftosleep butifyougivemorestillitcankillthepatient.Inamodem hospitalbeforeyouaregivenananestheticananesthetistasksyouanumber ofquestionstodecidewhichdrugstouse.Mostimportantlytheycheckthe stateofyourheartandlungsandaskifyouhaveasthmaanginaorhaveever hadaheartattack.Theywanttoknowaboutanydrugsyouaretakingsothat theydonotgiveyouananestheticthatreactsbadlywiththemandtheywill alsofindoutifyouhaveanyallergies.Aswellasputtingyou tosleeptheanesthetistisalsoresponsibleforcontrollingyourpain.Then howcantheanesthetisttellthattheyhaveputtheirpatientsfarenoughunder Mostlybyexperience.Thereisnosuchthingasanawarenessmonitorthough allthepatient’sbodyfunctionssuchasheartrategasesgoinginandoutand oxygenlevelsinthebloodaremonitored.Iftheanestheticisnotdeepenough andthepatientbecomeslight’themonitorsshouldtelltheanesthetistthat somethingiswronglongbeforethepatientbecomesaware.Thisiswhythe anesthetistwatchesthepatientcarefullythroughouttheoperation.Attheend ofyouroperationtheanestheticisminedoff.Itmightseem surprisingthattheanesthetistisoftentheunsungherooftheoperating thestre.Manypeopleincludingsomenursingstaffdonotrealizethatthe anesthetistfirsthastoqualifyasadoctor.Theythentakethreefurther examinationstoqualifyasanesthetistsbecauseofthenumberofthingsthey havetotakeintoaccountwhencarryingouttheirworkTheydo notsimplyneedtoknowaboutthedrugstheyuse;theymustalsoknowaboutall theotherdrugsonthemarketsothattheycanavoiddangerousinteractions. Theyhavetokeepabreastofanynewsurgicaltechniquetomakesuretheygive anappropriateanestheticforanyoperation.Thejourney towardsdeathhascomealongway.Butonefascinatingfactremains: whetheritisetheroracomplexcocktailbeingusedtoputsomeoneto sleep:nooneyetknowsexactlyhowanesthetics work.WhatdoesthewordtheatreSentence2Paragraph1probablymean’
简述分权原则和民主集中制原则的主要区别
__的基本原则主要有
我国现行__的结构按顺序排列是
Directions: ThedateisJanuary182005.Youareamemberofthestudentunionofauniversity.Writeamemorandumtotheheadofthestudentservicedepartmentandaskhimtohaveatelevisionfurnishedforeachdormitory.Yourmemorandumshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline: 1givereasonsforyourrequest; 2expresshopeforpromptaction. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthememorandum.UseMaHeinstead.
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeen removed.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gto fitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachooseswhichdonot fitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Universitiestheworldoverlovesymbolsfrommedieval scholasticgarbatdegreeceremoniestotheowlsandscrollsofscholastic badge.ButformanyuniversitiesespeciallyinBritainandelsewhereinEurope amoreaccurateemblemwouldincludeslummybuildingsdogearedbooksand demoralizeddons.That’swhyBritain’sgovernmentisnextweekrisking defeatintheHouseofCommonstobringmoreprivatemoneyintothecountry’s universities’--andwhyEuropeananddevelopingcountriesnowbusyexpanding highereducationneedtothinkhardabouthowmuchgovernmentinvolvement isgoodforuniversities.41__________.America’sflourishing universitiesexemplifytheformerEurope’sthelatter.Britain’sgovernment wantstomovetowardstheAmericanmodal.Thesubjectofnextweek’srebellion isabillthatwouldallowEnglishuniversitiesScotlandandWalesaredifferent tochargeupto3000pounds5460dollarsintuitionfeesinsteadofthe currentflatrate1125.Studentswillborrowthemoneythroughastaterunloan schemeandpayitbackoncetheyareearningenough. 42__________.Butitreflectsanimportantshiftinthinking. Firstthatthenewmoneyuniversitiesneedshouldcomefromgraduates ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Secondandmostcruciallyitabandonsthe egalitarianassumptionthatalluniversitiesareequallydeserving. Thatiscommendablejustbecauseacourseischeapdoesnotmeanitis worthlessandtheexistenceofcostlyonesisnotinitselfasignofiniquitous socialdivision.Yetoldthinkinghasdeeproots.Bandyingphrasessuchas excellenceforallandeducationforthemanynotthefew politiciansespeciallyleftwingoneswanttodaptheuniversityeducated labelonevermorepeopleregardlessofmeritcostorpracticality. 43__________.Ithumiliatesthetalentedbutdisadvantagedwhosesuccess isthendevaluedanditinfuriatesthetalentedwhoarenotdeemed underprivilegedenoughandwhofeeltheirmeritsignoredanditmakes universitiesdoajobtheyareboundtobebadat.Public fundingisaddictiveandthewithdrawalsymptomsarepainful.44__________. Inflatedtuitionfeesareabigworryandalumnipreferencelooksunfair.But overallAmerica’ssystemlookssustainableinawaythattheOldWorld’sdoes not.Inshortthemodeltostriveforisvariedinstitutions chargingvariedfees.Notallcoursesneedlastthreeyearsorbringafull honorsdegree.45__________.Itisbettertodosomethingswell ratherthaneverythingindifferently.Itisbecausepoliticianshaveforgotten thatsomeoftheworld’soldestuniversitiesriskafuturethatisalotless gloriousthantheirpast.A.Somewillbelongeranddeeper; othersshorterandshallower.Someuniversitiesmayspecializeasteachingonly institutionslikeAmerica’sliberalartscolleges.Othersmaywantto concentratemainlyonresearch.Allmusthavetherighttoselecttheir intake.B.Universitiescanindeedgivethedisadvantagedaleg up—buttheywilldoitmuchbetterifthestatestandshack.Micromanaging universityadmissionsastheBritishgovernmenthasbeentryingtodoongrounds ofclasswithtargetsquotasfinesandstricturesrisksthesameconsequencesas similarAmericanexperimentsbasedonracialpreference.C. AlisonWolfaBritisheconomisttermsthisthetwoaspiringoodfiveaspirin betterapproachtouniversityfinance.Itisdeeplyflawed.Inrealitythere isnoprovenconnectionbetweenspendingonuniversitiesandprosperitynorcan therebe.D.ButasBritishdonsandpoliticiansstragglewith theseissuesandtheirEuropeancounterpartsponderwhetheronedaytheymight justhavetodosomethingsimilarthemessageforemergingeconomieslikeChina andIndiawhoareinvestingheavilyintheirownsystemsofhighereducationis clear—avoidanationalizedanduniformsystemandgoforonethatisdiverseand independentAmerica’suniversitieshavetheirproblems.E.Itis averylimitedstartfacedwithsweetenersforstudentsfrompoorbackgrounds. Thebestuniversitiesworrythatthemaximumfeeshouldbemanytimes higher.F.IndeedfacedwithagingpopulationsBritainandmost Europeancountriesarguablyshouldbeencouragingtheiryoungpeopletostart earningearlierintheirlivesratherthanlater.G.Thereare broadlytwomodelsforrunninguniversities.Theycanbeautonomousinstitutions mainlydependentonprivateincomesuchasfeesdonationsandinvestmentsor theycanbestatefinancedandasaresultstaterun.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritten clearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Toimprovetheteachingskillswhatyouneedwilldependon whatyouwanttodo.Mostteachershavecomputersandmosthaveatleastsome accesstoemailandtheInternet.Inmanyschoolsanduniversitiesmost studentsdotoo.Manyteachingopportunitiesarelikelytobeavailabletoyou; thereforeuseequipmentyouandyourstudentsalreadyhave.46Other techniquesrequiremoreadvancedtechnologiesthatyoumayormaynotwishto purchaseonyourownandthatyourinstitutionmayormaynotmakeavailableto you.Itshouldbeobviousthereforethatyoushouldmakenoplansfor usingelectronictoolsbeforemakingsurethatbothyouandyourstudentswill haveaccesstothenecessarytechnology.Butowningorhaving accesstotechnologyisusuallyonlyafirststep.Evenmoreimportantis learninghowtouseit.Thisisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacinganyonewho wishestouseelectronictoolsbecausetheknowledgeisnotalwayseasyto acquire.Manypeopleofcoursearehighlyskilledincomputertechnologyand knowhowtoteachthemselvestodoalmostanything.47Butmanyother peoplewhohavelimitedcomputerskillsareeasilyintimidatedbynewand unfamiliartasksandtendtoavoiddoinganythingthat.requiresthemtolearn somethingverydifferentfromthethingstowhichtheyareaccustomed.If youfallinthelattergroupbutwishtoexpandyourabilitytouseelectronic toolsyouneedtofindhelp.Someinstitutionsofferextensive assistancethroughtheircomputercentersortheirinformationtechnology services.Somedepartmentshavestaffmembersorgraduatestudent assistantswhoarehiredtohandlecomputer-relatedproblems.Therearealso manyexcellentreferenceworkstohelpyoulearnaboutvariouselectronictools. 48Justasyoumustbesurethatyouhavethenecessarytechnologyatyour disposalbeforeyoudecidetouseelectronictoolsinyourteachingsoyoumust alsomakesurethatyouhaveaccesstothenecessaryhell}inlearningtouse it.Keepinmind.finallythatthetechnologyassociated withcomputersandtheInternetchangeswithbreathtakingspeed.49Although certainskillswillremainusefultoyouoverlongperiodsoftimethere willbemanythingsthatwillhavetoberelearnedtimeandtime again.Therapidityofchangeinthisfieldcanbebewilderingand intimidating.Butitisalsothesourceofsomevaluableinnovationsthatcanbe ofgreatusetoyou.Beforeintroducingnewteachingtechniques thereforeitiswisetomakeaquickinventoryofyourownendyourschool’s electronicteachingresources.50Youwillnotwanttodiscoverhalfway throughaprojectthattherearemajorobstaclessuchasinsufficientequipment inadequatesupportorinappropriateprofessionalincentives. Answeringafewsimplequestionscanhelpyoudeterminehowpracticaland promisingyourplannedinnovationsinelectronicteachingarelikelytobe. Whilesomeanswersmaylieascloseasyourdepartmentalcolleaguesothers mightrequireconferringwithdepartmentaladministratorslibrariansor computersupportorganizations.
世界上最早实行__的国家是
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritten clearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Toimprovetheteachingskillswhatyouneedwilldependon whatyouwanttodo.Mostteachershavecomputersandmosthaveatleastsome accesstoemailandtheInternet.Inmanyschoolsanduniversitiesmost studentsdotoo.Manyteachingopportunitiesarelikelytobeavailabletoyou; thereforeuseequipmentyouandyourstudentsalreadyhave.46Other techniquesrequiremoreadvancedtechnologiesthatyoumayormaynotwishto purchaseonyourownandthatyourinstitutionmayormaynotmakeavailableto you.Itshouldbeobviousthereforethatyoushouldmakenoplansfor usingelectronictoolsbeforemakingsurethatbothyouandyourstudentswill haveaccesstothenecessarytechnology.Butowningorhaving accesstotechnologyisusuallyonlyafirststep.Evenmoreimportantis learninghowtouseit.Thisisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacinganyonewho wishestouseelectronictoolsbecausetheknowledgeisnotalwayseasyto acquire.Manypeopleofcoursearehighlyskilledincomputertechnologyand knowhowtoteachthemselvestodoalmostanything.47Butmanyother peoplewhohavelimitedcomputerskillsareeasilyintimidatedbynewand unfamiliartasksandtendtoavoiddoinganythingthat.requiresthemtolearn somethingverydifferentfromthethingstowhichtheyareaccustomed.If youfallinthelattergroupbutwishtoexpandyourabilitytouseelectronic toolsyouneedtofindhelp.Someinstitutionsofferextensive assistancethroughtheircomputercentersortheirinformationtechnology services.Somedepartmentshavestaffmembersorgraduatestudent assistantswhoarehiredtohandlecomputer-relatedproblems.Therearealso manyexcellentreferenceworkstohelpyoulearnaboutvariouselectronictools. 48Justasyoumustbesurethatyouhavethenecessarytechnologyatyour disposalbeforeyoudecidetouseelectronictoolsinyourteachingsoyoumust alsomakesurethatyouhaveaccesstothenecessaryhell}inlearningtouse it.Keepinmind.finallythatthetechnologyassociated withcomputersandtheInternetchangeswithbreathtakingspeed.49Although certainskillswillremainusefultoyouoverlongperiodsoftimethere willbemanythingsthatwillhavetoberelearnedtimeandtime again.Therapidityofchangeinthisfieldcanbebewilderingand intimidating.Butitisalsothesourceofsomevaluableinnovationsthatcanbe ofgreatusetoyou.Beforeintroducingnewteachingtechniques thereforeitiswisetomakeaquickinventoryofyourownendyourschool’s electronicteachingresources.50Youwillnotwanttodiscoverhalfway throughaprojectthattherearemajorobstaclessuchasinsufficientequipment inadequatesupportorinappropriateprofessionalincentives. Answeringafewsimplequestionscanhelpyoudeterminehowpracticaland promisingyourplannedinnovationsinelectronicteachingarelikelytobe. Whilesomeanswersmaylieascloseasyourdepartmentalcolleaguesothers mightrequireconferringwithdepartmentaladministratorslibrariansor computersupportorganizations.
把__分为刚性__和柔性__是以
是十八世纪末资产阶级在反封建革命斗争中的著名纲领性文件以后成为法国__的序言
我国现行__在总结历史经验分析现实状况基础上作为一个整体写入__成为__总的指导思想的是
Text3 Imaginethatyouareinhospital waitingtohaveanoperation.Itistimetogotothetheatre;theanesthetist approachesyouandspeaks.ButinsteadofthereassuringwordsI’mjustgoing togiveyousomethingtosendyouofftosleepyouhear:Letmetakeyouona triptowardsdeath.TerrifyingMaybebutthatiswhathavingageneral anestheticisallabout.Ifyougiveasmallamountofananestheticdrugit won’thaveanyeffect.Ifyougivemoreitwillputthepatientofftosleep butifyougivemorestillitcankillthepatient.Inamodem hospitalbeforeyouaregivenananestheticananesthetistasksyouanumber ofquestionstodecidewhichdrugstouse.Mostimportantlytheycheckthe stateofyourheartandlungsandaskifyouhaveasthmaanginaorhaveever hadaheartattack.Theywanttoknowaboutanydrugsyouaretakingsothat theydonotgiveyouananestheticthatreactsbadlywiththemandtheywill alsofindoutifyouhaveanyallergies.Aswellasputtingyou tosleeptheanesthetistisalsoresponsibleforcontrollingyourpain.Then howcantheanesthetisttellthattheyhaveputtheirpatientsfarenoughunder Mostlybyexperience.Thereisnosuchthingasanawarenessmonitorthough allthepatient’sbodyfunctionssuchasheartrategasesgoinginandoutand oxygenlevelsinthebloodaremonitored.Iftheanestheticisnotdeepenough andthepatientbecomeslight’themonitorsshouldtelltheanesthetistthat somethingiswronglongbeforethepatientbecomesaware.Thisiswhythe anesthetistwatchesthepatientcarefullythroughouttheoperation.Attheend ofyouroperationtheanestheticisminedoff.Itmightseem surprisingthattheanesthetistisoftentheunsungherooftheoperating thestre.Manypeopleincludingsomenursingstaffdonotrealizethatthe anesthetistfirsthastoqualifyasadoctor.Theythentakethreefurther examinationstoqualifyasanesthetistsbecauseofthenumberofthingsthey havetotakeintoaccountwhencarryingouttheirworkTheydo notsimplyneedtoknowaboutthedrugstheyuse;theymustalsoknowaboutall theotherdrugsonthemarketsothattheycanavoiddangerousinteractions. Theyhavetokeepabreastofanynewsurgicaltechniquetomakesuretheygive anappropriateanestheticforanyoperation.Thejourney towardsdeathhascomealongway.Butonefascinatingfactremains: whetheritisetheroracomplexcocktailbeingusedtoputsomeoneto sleep:nooneyetknowsexactlyhowanesthetics work.Ananesthetistshouldbepresentthroughouttheoperationincase______.
下列__中属钦定__的有
近代__产生的基本条件包括
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeen removed.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gto fitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachooseswhichdonot fitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Universitiestheworldoverlovesymbolsfrommedieval scholasticgarbatdegreeceremoniestotheowlsandscrollsofscholastic badge.ButformanyuniversitiesespeciallyinBritainandelsewhereinEurope amoreaccurateemblemwouldincludeslummybuildingsdogearedbooksand demoralizeddons.That’swhyBritain’sgovernmentisnextweekrisking defeatintheHouseofCommonstobringmoreprivatemoneyintothecountry’s universities’--andwhyEuropeananddevelopingcountriesnowbusyexpanding highereducationneedtothinkhardabouthowmuchgovernmentinvolvement isgoodforuniversities.41__________.America’sflourishing universitiesexemplifytheformerEurope’sthelatter.Britain’sgovernment wantstomovetowardstheAmericanmodal.Thesubjectofnextweek’srebellion isabillthatwouldallowEnglishuniversitiesScotlandandWalesaredifferent tochargeupto3000pounds5460dollarsintuitionfeesinsteadofthe currentflatrate1125.Studentswillborrowthemoneythroughastaterunloan schemeandpayitbackoncetheyareearningenough. 42__________.Butitreflectsanimportantshiftinthinking. Firstthatthenewmoneyuniversitiesneedshouldcomefromgraduates ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Secondandmostcruciallyitabandonsthe egalitarianassumptionthatalluniversitiesareequallydeserving. Thatiscommendablejustbecauseacourseischeapdoesnotmeanitis worthlessandtheexistenceofcostlyonesisnotinitselfasignofiniquitous socialdivision.Yetoldthinkinghasdeeproots.Bandyingphrasessuchas excellenceforallandeducationforthemanynotthefew politiciansespeciallyleftwingoneswanttodaptheuniversityeducated labelonevermorepeopleregardlessofmeritcostorpracticality. 43__________.Ithumiliatesthetalentedbutdisadvantagedwhosesuccess isthendevaluedanditinfuriatesthetalentedwhoarenotdeemed underprivilegedenoughandwhofeeltheirmeritsignoredanditmakes universitiesdoajobtheyareboundtobebadat.Public fundingisaddictiveandthewithdrawalsymptomsarepainful.44__________. Inflatedtuitionfeesareabigworryandalumnipreferencelooksunfair.But overallAmerica’ssystemlookssustainableinawaythattheOldWorld’sdoes not.Inshortthemodeltostriveforisvariedinstitutions chargingvariedfees.Notallcoursesneedlastthreeyearsorbringafull honorsdegree.45__________.Itisbettertodosomethingswell ratherthaneverythingindifferently.Itisbecausepoliticianshaveforgotten thatsomeoftheworld’soldestuniversitiesriskafuturethatisalotless gloriousthantheirpast.A.Somewillbelongeranddeeper; othersshorterandshallower.Someuniversitiesmayspecializeasteachingonly institutionslikeAmerica’sliberalartscolleges.Othersmaywantto concentratemainlyonresearch.Allmusthavetherighttoselecttheir intake.B.Universitiescanindeedgivethedisadvantagedaleg up—buttheywilldoitmuchbetterifthestatestandshack.Micromanaging universityadmissionsastheBritishgovernmenthasbeentryingtodoongrounds ofclasswithtargetsquotasfinesandstricturesrisksthesameconsequencesas similarAmericanexperimentsbasedonracialpreference.C. AlisonWolfaBritisheconomisttermsthisthetwoaspiringoodfiveaspirin betterapproachtouniversityfinance.Itisdeeplyflawed.Inrealitythere isnoprovenconnectionbetweenspendingonuniversitiesandprosperitynorcan therebe.D.ButasBritishdonsandpoliticiansstragglewith theseissuesandtheirEuropeancounterpartsponderwhetheronedaytheymight justhavetodosomethingsimilarthemessageforemergingeconomieslikeChina andIndiawhoareinvestingheavilyintheirownsystemsofhighereducationis clear—avoidanationalizedanduniformsystemandgoforonethatisdiverseand independentAmerica’suniversitieshavetheirproblems.E.Itis averylimitedstartfacedwithsweetenersforstudentsfrompoorbackgrounds. Thebestuniversitiesworrythatthemaximumfeeshouldbemanytimes higher.F.IndeedfacedwithagingpopulationsBritainandmost Europeancountriesarguablyshouldbeencouragingtheiryoungpeopletostart earningearlierintheirlivesratherthanlater.G.Thereare broadlytwomodelsforrunninguniversities.Theycanbeautonomousinstitutions mainlydependentonprivateincomesuchasfeesdonationsandinvestmentsor theycanbestatefinancedandasaresultstaterun.
__规范所调整的社会关系包括
决定__居于根本法地位的因素主要是
有人认为西方国家已步入法治社会并取得了巨大的成就人民的生活水平和人民享有的权利也更为广泛因而我国法治建设应该朝资本主义国家的方向发展试根据社会主义法治与资本主义法治的不同来分析上述看法的正确性
Text2 AfterdecadesofexilefromU.S. courtsthescienceofliedetectionisgainingnewacceptance.Butthefederal governmentwantstoputastoptoitandtheU.S.SupremeCourthasnowagreed toconsiderarequestfromtheDepartmentofJusticetobarthetechnologyfrom militarycourts.Uncertaintiessurroundthescienceoflie detectionwhichusesadevicecalledpolygraph.In1991PresidentGeorgeBush bannedliedetectorevidenceinmilitarycourts.Butthatbanhassincebeen overturnedbytheU.S.CourtofMilitaryAppealswhichruledthatitrestricts defendants’rightstopresentevidenceoftheirinnocence.In thepasttwoyearssomefederalcourtshavealsoruledthatpolygraphevidence canbeheard.ThisfollowsadecisionbytheSupremeCourtin1993thatgave federaljudgesmorediscretiontodecideontheadmissibilityof evidence.Apolygraphconsistsofmonitorsforpulserate sweatingandbreathingrate.Thedeviceissupposedtouncoverliesbyrecording increasesinthesemeasuresasthesubjectanswersquestions. Criticshavealwaysarguedthatcunningdefendantscancontroltheir physiologicalresponsesandswaypolygraphresults.Butsupportersofthe techniquearguethatrecentresearchhasfoundittobereliable.Apsychologist namedCharlesHontsatastateuniversityinIdahopointstolaboratory studiessomeofthembeinghisowninwhichstudent-subjectswereofferedcash toswaythetestresults.ThisargumentisrejectedbyLeonard SaxeapsychologistataBostonuniversity.Thereisahugedifference betweenstudentsinalabandadefendanthesays.Guiltydefendantshavetime inwhichtorehearsetheirliesandcanevencometobelievethemtobe true.Saxebelievesthattheentiretheoreticalbasisoflie detectionisinvalid.Itassumesyouwillbemorenervouslyingthantelling thetruth.Buthesaysthatforsomepeopleliesaretrivialwhilecertain truthcanbehardtoswallow.DavidFaigrnanoftheUniversity ofCaliforniasaysthatiftheSupremeCourtupholdsthemilitaryappealcourt’s decisiontoallowpolygraphevidencepolygraphbans.wouldbeoverturnedin federalcourtsacrossU.S.Thatwillputabigburdenonjudgestounderstand thescienceandleadtoalotmore’experttestimonyinthecourtshe predicts.Thejusticedepartmentfearsthatthiswillgreatlyincreasethecost oftrials.WhatdoCharlesHonts’laboratorystudiessuggest
__的作用是指__对国家机关社会组织和公民个人的行为以及社会现实生活的能动影响是国家意志实现的具体表现其主要作用可以概括为
Text2 AfterdecadesofexilefromU.S. courtsthescienceofliedetectionisgainingnewacceptance.Butthefederal governmentwantstoputastoptoitandtheU.S.SupremeCourthasnowagreed toconsiderarequestfromtheDepartmentofJusticetobarthetechnologyfrom militarycourts.Uncertaintiessurroundthescienceoflie detectionwhichusesadevicecalledpolygraph.In1991PresidentGeorgeBush bannedliedetectorevidenceinmilitarycourts.Butthatbanhassincebeen overturnedbytheU.S.CourtofMilitaryAppealswhichruledthatitrestricts defendants’rightstopresentevidenceoftheirinnocence.In thepasttwoyearssomefederalcourtshavealsoruledthatpolygraphevidence canbeheard.ThisfollowsadecisionbytheSupremeCourtin1993thatgave federaljudgesmorediscretiontodecideontheadmissibilityof evidence.Apolygraphconsistsofmonitorsforpulserate sweatingandbreathingrate.Thedeviceissupposedtouncoverliesbyrecording increasesinthesemeasuresasthesubjectanswersquestions. Criticshavealwaysarguedthatcunningdefendantscancontroltheir physiologicalresponsesandswaypolygraphresults.Butsupportersofthe techniquearguethatrecentresearchhasfoundittobereliable.Apsychologist namedCharlesHontsatastateuniversityinIdahopointstolaboratory studiessomeofthembeinghisowninwhichstudent-subjectswereofferedcash toswaythetestresults.ThisargumentisrejectedbyLeonard SaxeapsychologistataBostonuniversity.Thereisahugedifference betweenstudentsinalabandadefendanthesays.Guiltydefendantshavetime inwhichtorehearsetheirliesandcanevencometobelievethemtobe true.Saxebelievesthattheentiretheoreticalbasisoflie detectionisinvalid.Itassumesyouwillbemorenervouslyingthantelling thetruth.Buthesaysthatforsomepeopleliesaretrivialwhilecertain truthcanbehardtoswallow.DavidFaigrnanoftheUniversity ofCaliforniasaysthatiftheSupremeCourtupholdsthemilitaryappealcourt’s decisiontoallowpolygraphevidencepolygraphbans.wouldbeoverturnedin federalcourtsacrossU.S.Thatwillputabigburdenonjudgestounderstand thescienceandleadtoalotmore’experttestimonyinthecourtshe predicts.Thejusticedepartmentfearsthatthiswillgreatlyincreasethecost oftrials.WhyhasPresidentBush’sbanonliedetectorevidenceinmilitarycourtsin1991beenover-turned
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