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Enamel, the hardest substance in a human being's body, covers the entire crown of the tooth.
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Alaserbeamisusedtoeventhehardestsubstance.
pass through
repair
light up
identify
Enamelthehardestsubstanceinahumanbeing'sbodycovers
whole
inseparable
superficial
main
Whichoneofthefollowinganatomyisnotusuallyapparentr
enamel
dentin
cementum
pulp cavity
Enamelthehardestsubstanceinahumanbeing'sbodycovers
whole
inseparable
superficial
main
Enamelthehardestsubstanceinahumanbeing’sbodycovers
whole
inseparable
superficial
main
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MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
Don’tCountonDung粪Conservationists自然保护主义者maybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthethreatenedanimalssuchaselephantssayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.Theerroroccursbecauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbersfromthepilesofdungthecreaturesleavebehind.ThemistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmanyelephantsastherereallyareinsomeregionsaccordingtoAndrewPlumptreoftheWildlifeConservationSocietyWCSinNewYork.BiologistKatyPayneofComellUniversityinIthacaNewYorkagreesWereallyneedtoknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveisquiteindirectsaysPaynewhoelectronicallytrackselephants.CountingelephantsfromplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesinagivenarea.Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecaysbecauseit’sextremelydifficulttodeterminetheserates.Howeverresearcherscountingelephantsinoneregiontendtorelyonstandarddecayratesestablishedelsewhere.ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfromregiontoregiondependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensusastray离开正道saysPlumptre.HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdungintheforestsofCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and65percentmoreslowlythanthedungintherainforestsofneighboringGabon.IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroontheywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashighasthosederivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocallyPlumptresaysHoweveraccurateyourdungdensityestimatemightbethedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult.Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilarinsizetoanelephant’snaturalrange.TheusualtechniqueofmonitoringonlysmallprotectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephantsmoveinandoutoftheseregionshesaysIftheelephantpopulationincreaseswithintheprotectedareayoucannotdeterminewhether.Itisarealincreaseorwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyarebeingpoached入侵偷猎outside.Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensusstudiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasneststracksorburrows地洞.Thewordthreatenedinthefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby______.
AbecostlyBbeharmfulCsavealifeDstillopentodebateEreducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancerFreducedtotheminimumRadiationexposureshouldhe______.
ScreenTest1EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreeningprograms.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSAandSpainscreenwomenunder50.2Butthemedicalbenefitofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausethetraditionbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.AlsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.3ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalyzedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthescreeningprogramwouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.5Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotverysignificantcomparedtothefargreaternumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramtheysaydetectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.6Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudytheysuggestcouldhelpoptimizethetechniqueforbreastcancerscreening.7Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPR.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisofthecurrentdatafarevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogram.AHarmscreeningmaydotoayoungerwomanBInvestigatingtheeffectofscreeningCEffectspredictedbytwodifferentmodelsDTreatmentofcancersEFactorsthattriggercancersFTheResultofTheirStudyParagraph3______
TheWriting’sontheWallIsitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould.AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRockdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty.StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays.Temperisinvolvedinmanydifferentaspectsofhip-hopculture.
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Ittookmetwohourstofigureouthowtodoit.
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
EatMoreWeighLessLiveLongerClevergeneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanearstarvationdietprolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.RonaldKahnatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBostonU.S.andhiscolleagueshavebeenabletoextendthelifespanofmiceby18percentbyblockingtherodent’sincreaseoffatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhatthinnessandhotnecessarilydietpromoteslonglifeincalorierestrictedanimals.It’sverycoolwork.saysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantloseweightandlivelonger.It’slikeheaven.Calorierestrictiondramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsasdifferentaswormsandrodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownpartlybecausefewpeoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.Butmanyresearchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffectwithadrugoncetheyunderstandhowlessfoodleadstoalongerlife.Onetheoryisthateatinglessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcandamagecells.ButKahn’steamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefitbybecomingthin.Tofindouttheyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin胰岛素receptor受体geneinlabmicebutonlyintheirfatcells.SinceinsulinisneededtohelpfatcellsstorefattheseanimalswereprotectedagainstbecomingfatexplainsKahn.Thisslightgeneticchangeinasingletissuehaddramaticeffects.BythreemonthsofageKahn’smodifiedmicehadupto70percentlessbodyfatthannormalcontrolmicedespitethefactthattheyate55percentmorefoodpergramofbodyweight.Inadditiontheirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived753dayswhilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthreeyearsallthecontrolmicehaddiedbutone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestillalive.ThattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefatcellsiscontroversialsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywhostudiescalorierestrictionandaging.ButGuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsibleforincreasedlifespanincalorierestrictedanimals.Itmightbethesameeffectortheremightbetworoutestolonglifehepointsoutandthatwouldbeveryinteresting./Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply
Inviewofhispoorhealththecompanyallowshimtoretireat45.
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
CoffeeishealthdrinkItisadailyroutineformillionsofItalians--themorningcupofespressobrewedonthekitchenhobordownedswiftlyinacareonthewaytowork.Butforyearstheirfavoritewayofkick-startingthedayhashadabadpress46Nowitseemsthetideisturning.ForgetthescarestoriessaysdieticianChiaraTrombetti.47.Coffeecanbegoodforyou--thestrongerthebetter.CoffeecontainstanninandantioxidantswhicharegoodfortheheartandarteriesDrTrombettisays.Itcanrelieveheadaches.48andcanhelppreventcirrhosisandgallstones.Andthecaffeineincoffeecanreducetheriskofasthmaattacksandhelpimprovecirculationwithintheheart.Thereisnodenyingthatcoffeeisnotforeveryone.Ifyoudrinktoomuchitcanincreasenervousnessandcauserapidheartbeatandtremblinghands.49AndevenDrTrombettisaysnooneshoulddrinkmorethanthreeorfourcupsaday.50.ButDrTrombettiisadamantthatacupofmilkycoffeecouldmaketheidealstartforthenextgenerationofcoffeelovers--Italy’sdrowsyschoolkidsstimulatingtheirbrainsaheadofadaythatoftenlastsfrom8:30until16:00.A.Allofusareadvisednottodrinkcoffeeanymore.B.Pregnantwomenheartpatientsandanyonewithastomachulcerareusuallyadvisedtoavoidit.C.mostrecentlywhenitwasreportedthatdoctorshadtoldBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairtodrinklesscoffee.D.Manyparentsmightbehorrifiedatthethought.E.Thereissoundscientificreasontoenjoyyourmorningespressowithoutworryingaboutthehealtheffects.F.Itisgoodfortheliver.
Iwenttoschoolbysubwayeveryday.
ScreenTest1EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreeningprograms.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSAandSpainscreenwomenunder50.2Butthemedicalbenefitofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausethetraditionbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.AlsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.3ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalyzedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthescreeningprogramwouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.5Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotverysignificantcomparedtothefargreaternumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramtheysaydetectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.6Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudytheysuggestcouldhelpoptimizethetechniqueforbreastcancerscreening.7Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPR.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisofthecurrentdatafarevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogram.AHarmscreeningmaydotoayoungerwomanBInvestigatingtheeffectofscreeningCEffectspredictedbytwodifferentmodelsDTreatmentofcancersEFactorsthattriggercancersFTheResultofTheirStudyParagraph5______
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDensonRidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergartenlastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburg.Knowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfcagree.BraceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversincemygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.HowlonghasBruceHardybeenworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation
AbecostlyBbeharmfulCsavealifeDstillopentodebateEreducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancerFreducedtotheminimumAdvantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are______.
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
TheWriting’sontheWallIsitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould.AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRockdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty.StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays.Peopledidnotlikeusingthesubwaybeforeanorganizedgroupofgraffitiartistscame.
MyteacheralwaysinspiresmetodowhatIprefer.
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
MyunclepromisedtofurnishallIneed.
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDensonRidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergartenlastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburg.Knowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfcagree.BraceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversincemygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.WhofoundedAlthouseBusTransportation
TheWriting’sontheWallIsitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould.AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRockdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty.StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays.MostoftheothergraffitiartistsinEnglandwereabouttenyearsolderthanTemper.
EatMoreWeighLessLiveLongerClevergeneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanearstarvationdietprolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.RonaldKahnatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBostonU.S.andhiscolleagueshavebeenabletoextendthelifespanofmiceby18percentbyblockingtherodent’sincreaseoffatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhatthinnessandhotnecessarilydietpromoteslonglifeincalorierestrictedanimals.It’sverycoolwork.saysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantloseweightandlivelonger.It’slikeheaven.Calorierestrictiondramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsasdifferentaswormsandrodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownpartlybecausefewpeoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.Butmanyresearchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffectwithadrugoncetheyunderstandhowlessfoodleadstoalongerlife.Onetheoryisthateatinglessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcandamagecells.ButKahn’steamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefitbybecomingthin.Tofindouttheyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin胰岛素receptor受体geneinlabmicebutonlyintheirfatcells.SinceinsulinisneededtohelpfatcellsstorefattheseanimalswereprotectedagainstbecomingfatexplainsKahn.Thisslightgeneticchangeinasingletissuehaddramaticeffects.BythreemonthsofageKahn’smodifiedmicehadupto70percentlessbodyfatthannormalcontrolmicedespitethefactthattheyate55percentmorefoodpergramofbodyweight.Inadditiontheirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived753dayswhilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthreeyearsallthecontrolmicehaddiedbutone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestillalive.ThattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefatcellsiscontroversialsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywhostudiescalorierestrictionandaging.ButGuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsibleforincreasedlifespanincalorierestrictedanimals.Itmightbethesameeffectortheremightbetworoutestolonglifehepointsoutandthatwouldbeveryinteresting./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheroutetolonglife
Theministerheadedthecommittee.
TheWriting’sontheWallIsitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould.AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRockdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty.StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays.DemetriuswasateenagerborninNewYork.
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
MallofFewWordsEveryonechasessuccessbutnotallofuswanttobefamousSouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwellCoetzeeis51forkeepinghimselftohimself.Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliteratureearlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularlydifficultto52.CoetzeelivesinAustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.Heseemed53bythenewsthathewontheU.S.$13millionprize.Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomaketheannouncementhesaid.His54ofprivacyledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendPrize-givinginStockholmSwedenonDecember10.Butdespitebeingdescribedas55totrackdownthecriticsagreethathisWritingiseasytogettoknowBorninCapeTownSouthAfricatoallEnglish-speakingfamily.Coetzee56hisbreakthroughin1980withthenovelWaitingfortheBarbarians野蛮人.He57hisplaceamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerprizevictoriesBritain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst58in1983fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelKandhissecondtitlecamein1999forDisgrace.AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformerapartheid种族隔离systemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks59withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistinthecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid60within.Ihavealwaysbeenmoreinterestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.Thepast61itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemadeoneortwopeoplethink62aboutwhethertheywanttoforgetthepastcompletely.Infactthispurityinhiswritingseemstobe63inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisavegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrinkalcohol.Butwhathehas64toliteraturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthethingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobelprizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork65thedivine神圣的sparkinman./
CoffeeishealthdrinkItisadailyroutineformillionsofItalians--themorningcupofespressobrewedonthekitchenhobordownedswiftlyinacareonthewaytowork.Butforyearstheirfavoritewayofkick-startingthedayhashadabadpress46Nowitseemsthetideisturning.ForgetthescarestoriessaysdieticianChiaraTrombetti.47.Coffeecanbegoodforyou--thestrongerthebetter.CoffeecontainstanninandantioxidantswhicharegoodfortheheartandarteriesDrTrombettisays.Itcanrelieveheadaches.48andcanhelppreventcirrhosisandgallstones.Andthecaffeineincoffeecanreducetheriskofasthmaattacksandhelpimprovecirculationwithintheheart.Thereisnodenyingthatcoffeeisnotforeveryone.Ifyoudrinktoomuchitcanincreasenervousnessandcauserapidheartbeatandtremblinghands.49AndevenDrTrombettisaysnooneshoulddrinkmorethanthreeorfourcupsaday.50.ButDrTrombettiisadamantthatacupofmilkycoffeecouldmaketheidealstartforthenextgenerationofcoffeelovers--Italy’sdrowsyschoolkidsstimulatingtheirbrainsaheadofadaythatoftenlastsfrom8:30until16:00.A.Allofusareadvisednottodrinkcoffeeanymore.B.Pregnantwomenheartpatientsandanyonewithastomachulcerareusuallyadvisedtoavoidit.C.mostrecentlywhenitwasreportedthatdoctorshadtoldBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairtodrinklesscoffee.D.Manyparentsmightbehorrifiedatthethought.E.Thereissoundscientificreasontoenjoyyourmorningespressowithoutworryingaboutthehealtheffects.F.Itisgoodfortheliver.
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