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问题解决的两种类型是
认知性问题解决
常规性问题解决
发展性问题解决
创造性问题解决
理论性问题解决
问题解决的两种类型是
认知性问题解决
常规性问题解决
发展性问题解决
创造性问题解决
理论性问题解决
影响问题解决的因素有哪些
问题的解决有两种类型一是常规性问题解决二是创造性问题解决
问题解决的两类型是
认知性问题解决
常规性问题解决
发展性问题解决
创造性问题解决
理论性问题解决
影响问题解决的心理因素有哪些
试论述影响问题解决的因素有哪些
影响问题解决的主观因素有哪些
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Text2 Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collar jobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collar servicejobswhichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition. Telecomschargeshavetumbledallowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobe connectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossible tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley’sMr.Roachhas beendrawingattentiontothefactthatthegloballabourarbitrageismoving rapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessing andcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountriesbutalso softwareprogrammingmedicaldiagnosticsengineeringdesignlawaccounting financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfrom anywhereintheworldexposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreater competition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthat outsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmerican service-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecasts thatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroadbutthat istinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear. Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatare alreadybeingoff-shoredwheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbe movedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemerging economies.AlanBlinderaneconomistatPrincetonUniversity believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsof off-shoringandthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbe susceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast 30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredto ChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evensothemerethreatthat theycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages:MoreoversaysMr. Blindereducationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronically deliveredcompetitionfromabroadwhereashumbletaxidriversjanitorsand craneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelptoexplainwhythe realmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000abigger declinethaninaveragewages.Inthe1980sandearly1990sthe paygapbetweenlow-paidlow-skilledworkersandhigh-paidhigh-skilled workerswidenedsignificantly.ButsincethenaccordingtoastudybyDavid AutorLawrenceKatzandMelissaKearneyinAmericaBritainandGermany workersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthe middle-income’group.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itis theeasilystandardisedskilledjobinthemiddlesuchasaccountingthatare nowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzeratthe InstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.confirmsthatworkers intradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemore skilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturing industries.Tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradableresultsfrom______.
Text4 ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand business-processoutsourcingfirmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseofthe internet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiraldrivenbythe aspirationsofnewlyrichIndiansespeciallythoselivingabroadwhousethe internettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauction websites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000.particularlyforprized namessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.Therewouldhavebeen nochanceofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternetsaysArunVadehra whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie’saninternational auctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianartworth$200millionlast yeartodoublein2006.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobal artmarketbutissizeableforanemergingmarket.Fornewly rich--oftenveryrich--non-residentIndiansexpensiveartisabadgeofsuccess inaforeignland.Whoyouareandwhatyouhaveareonyourwallssays LaveshJagasiaanartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsof investment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptember wouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100000justfouryearsago.Anda$ 22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian’sabigIndianauction househasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.Scant attentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.Thenwealthy Indiansparticularlythoselivingabroadbegantotakeaninterest.Dinesh VaziraniwhorunsSaffronartaleadingIndianauctionsitesays60%ofhis salesgotobuyersoverseas.Thefocusnowisonsixauctions thismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchas SurendranNaifandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby’sand Christie’shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweekeachwithaTyebMehtathatis expectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisthefateofother worksincludingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600000.Iftheydo wellitwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpullupprices acrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwayto run.ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattherecentrapiddevelopmentofIndianmodernartiscloselyassociatedwith______.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouthowto keepyourjobfollowedbyalistofimportantexamples.Choosethebest examplesfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisone extraexampleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWER SHEET1.10points Ascompaniescontinuetocutcoststhedaysoffrequent promotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportunitiesto showoffyourskills.Layoffsurvivorsfacedwithfeweroptionsarefinding themselvesincareerpurgatory--there’snowayupandnowayout. Aftertalkingtocareercoachesmanagersrecruitersandpsychologists Fortuneputtogethereighttipstohelpworkersbreakfreefromthe inertia.41.AvoidtakingcoverDon’thideoutbehind yourcomputer.Youshouldreallyworktoincreaseormaintainthevisibility thatyouhavesaysDavidOptonfounderandCEOofcareermanagementfirm ExecuNet.Buildacircleofallies Fortifyyourcurrentrelationshipsandworkonmakingnewonesboth withinandoutsidetheoffice.Allieswillbehelpfulintermsoflettingyou knowinformationlikeifthere’sajobpossibilitythatcomesupsaysDee SoderfounderoftheCEOPerspectiveGroup.Whoyouknowcanmakeabig differenceespeciallyindifficulttimes.42.Loaduponnew toolsThisistheperfecttimetoacquirenewexpertise. Ifthebosscan’tpaydoitonyourown.43.Lookbeyondyourjob descriptionPeopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydo theirjobswell;theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.Lauren DolivaapartneratrecruitingfirmHeidrick&StrugglesInternationalhas aclientlookingtohireaCOO.44.ManageyourownPR DoingwellispartproductivityandpartpublicitysaysMarilynMoats KennedyamanagingpartneratCareerStrategies.Be creativeRemembersaysDolivapeoplehireustothink notjusttodo.Thisistheperfecttimetotackletheprojectthatyou’ve alwayswishedyouhadmoretimefor.Soderrecommendsschedulinganhoureach daytoworkonextrathingssuchasnewinitiativesorwaystoimproveyourjob orthatofthoseaboveyou.Takeresponsibilityforyour successBeproactivenotreactive.SaysKennedy:Ifyou’re waitingforsomethingtohappentoyouit’snotgoingtobeanythingpositive. Figureoutyourgoalsandletmanagersknowwhattheyare;identifyyour weaknessesandworkonthem;findbetterwaystoharnessyourstrengths.For nontangibleskills--leadershipmanagementcommunication-coachesrecommend hiringacoach.AclientofSoder’swasputintoanewmanagementrolebut didn’tfeellikeshehadwhatittooktooverseeabiggerteam.Shewentoutand hiredacoachwhohelpedherlearnhowtointeractwithtopexecutivesaswell ashowtorunabiggerterritory.Shehassincebeenpromotedagain. Takingresponsibilityforyourownsuccessissomethingeveryoneshould doregardlessofexternalfactors.Otherwiseyou’reheadingstraightfor burnout.45.AdjustyourattitudeDon’tpanic.Even thoughtheeconomyisinarecessionyourcareerisnotcomingtoanend.How youlookatthesituationwillhaveabigimpactonwhetheryoustaystuckor moveahead.Onecanchoosetosaythereisnoopportunityoronecanchooseto lookforitsaysDoliva.Infactmanycoachesbelievethatbeingstuckis justastateofmind.[A]Letpeopleknowwhenyouaccomplishsomethingor whenyouputintheextraefforttogetaprojectdoneearly.Withoutbeing cheesymakesurethatyou’regivingofftherightvibesbykeepingapositive attitudeavoidingemotionaloutburstsandappearingcalmandorganized.And don’tforgettolookthepart.Manydidn’tgetpromotionsbecauseoftheir professionalpresence—groomingclothesandbodylanguage.[B]Whensomeone broughtuptheVPofoperationswhowastheobviouscandidateforthejobthe CEOrejectedhimoutright.HesaidnobecausetheVPonlydoeswhat’s expectedsaysDoliva.TheCEOdidn’tseehimassomeonewhowouldtakethe risksandthetimetodothejobbetter.Nowisnotthetimeforcomplacency evenifyou’renotgunningforaspotintheexecutivesuite.Coachessuggest thatemployeescomeinearlystaylateandtakeonextraprojects.Little thingscanmakeabigdifference.[C]Brushuponcomputerskillsaudita classorgetacertificateordegreeinyourfieldandwhenjobsdoopenup you’llbeready.[D]Whatyoudon’twanttodoisstartgettingdepressed addsMelissaKarzfounderofKadimaCoaching.Bewhatyouwanttoattract.It mightbehelpfultohuntformotivationinotherplaces.Nowisthetimeto starttakingalookathowfulfillingyourlifeis-outsideofworksaysLois FrankelpresidentofCorporateCoachingInternational.Findexcitingactivities toreplenishyourselfwithandthenbringthatpositivespiritintothe office.[E]Amidallofthelayoffsyou’vemanagedtokeepyourjobbutthe chancesofmovingupareslimtonone.Nobodyaboveyouisgoingtoleavenow andthere’snomoneyforspecialprojectstoproveyourself.You’restuck. Here’showtoavoidfadingintothewoodwork[F]Speakupinmeetingsjoin taskforcesandvolunteerfordifficultprojectsthatcoworkersaren’twilling totackle.
Text2 Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collar jobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collar servicejobswhichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition. Telecomschargeshavetumbledallowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobe connectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossible tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley’sMr.Roachhas beendrawingattentiontothefactthatthegloballabourarbitrageismoving rapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessing andcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountriesbutalso softwareprogrammingmedicaldiagnosticsengineeringdesignlawaccounting financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfrom anywhereintheworldexposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreater competition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthat outsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmerican service-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecasts thatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroadbutthat istinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear. Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatare alreadybeingoff-shoredwheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbe movedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemerging economies.AlanBlinderaneconomistatPrincetonUniversity believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsof off-shoringandthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbe susceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast 30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredto ChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evensothemerethreatthat theycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages:MoreoversaysMr. Blindereducationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronically deliveredcompetitionfromabroadwhereashumbletaxidriversjanitorsand craneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelptoexplainwhythe realmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000abigger declinethaninaveragewages.Inthe1980sandearly1990sthe paygapbetweenlow-paidlow-skilledworkersandhigh-paidhigh-skilled workerswidenedsignificantly.ButsincethenaccordingtoastudybyDavid AutorLawrenceKatzandMelissaKearneyinAmericaBritainandGermany workersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthe middle-income’group.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itis theeasilystandardisedskilledjobinthemiddlesuchasaccountingthatare nowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzeratthe InstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.confirmsthatworkers intradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemore skilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturing industries.AccordingtothetextForresterResearchPredictionmightbedifferentif______.
Text3 FewbeyondCalifornia’stechnology crowdrecognisethenameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto. Forfourdecadeshehasbeenlawyeradviserandfriendtomanyprominent companiesandinvestors.SomeconsiderhimthemostpowerfulpersoninSilicon Valley.Companiesbegforhislawfirmtorepresentthem.The65-year-old chairmanofWilsonSonsiniGoodrich&RosatiWSG&Rhassuddenlybeen thrustintothespotlight:firstforcounsellingmanyofthetechnologyfirms nowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptionsandinsomecasesservingon theirboards;andmorerecentlyasoutsidecounseltoHewlett-PackardHP forinitiallydefendingtheboard’sdubiousinvestigativepractices. WSG&Rboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSilicon Valley’spubliccompaniesincludingAppleSunMicrosystemsandGoogle.Last yearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityandventure-capitaldealswithnearly twiceasmanyasitsclosestrival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSG&Rhas workedonover1000mergersandacquisitionscollectivelyworthover$260 billion.TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSG&R’s reputation.AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimselfmanyof hisfirm’sclientsareontheropes.FormerexecutivesatBrocadeCommunications sufferedcriminalchargesinJulyMr.SonsiniServedonBrocade’sboard untillastyearandhisfirmwasitsoutsidecounsel.Healsowasontheboards ofPixarEchelonLatticeSemiconductorLSILogicandNovellallfirmsat whichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledintoquestion. WSG&RdismissestheideathatMr.Sonsinifacedaconflictofinterest byactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomanyfirmsandsayshedid notadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboardmembers.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaid itwaswelldoneandwithinlegallimits.Itnowseemsitwas neither.Thestatisticsinthetextindicate______.
系统性风险可以用衡量
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3 atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’ No.14problem.Whensomeoneisdepressed herbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivities she6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.The sadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksor more.What7depressionA8 eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsome willsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknow ifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressed Depressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyour physicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orare labeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave 16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17 likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18 likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.A depressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldom goesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionis suicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’t treated.
免疫的基本目的是
Text3 FewbeyondCalifornia’stechnology crowdrecognisethenameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto. Forfourdecadeshehasbeenlawyeradviserandfriendtomanyprominent companiesandinvestors.SomeconsiderhimthemostpowerfulpersoninSilicon Valley.Companiesbegforhislawfirmtorepresentthem.The65-year-old chairmanofWilsonSonsiniGoodrich&RosatiWSG&Rhassuddenlybeen thrustintothespotlight:firstforcounsellingmanyofthetechnologyfirms nowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptionsandinsomecasesservingon theirboards;andmorerecentlyasoutsidecounseltoHewlett-PackardHP forinitiallydefendingtheboard’sdubiousinvestigativepractices. WSG&Rboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSilicon Valley’spubliccompaniesincludingAppleSunMicrosystemsandGoogle.Last yearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityandventure-capitaldealswithnearly twiceasmanyasitsclosestrival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSG&Rhas workedonover1000mergersandacquisitionscollectivelyworthover$260 billion.TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSG&R’s reputation.AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimselfmanyof hisfirm’sclientsareontheropes.FormerexecutivesatBrocadeCommunications sufferedcriminalchargesinJulyMr.SonsiniServedonBrocade’sboard untillastyearandhisfirmwasitsoutsidecounsel.Healsowasontheboards ofPixarEchelonLatticeSemiconductorLSILogicandNovellallfirmsat whichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledintoquestion. WSG&RdismissestheideathatMr.Sonsinifacedaconflictofinterest byactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomanyfirmsandsayshedid notadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboardmembers.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaid itwaswelldoneandwithinlegallimits.Itnowseemsitwas neither.Theauthor’sattitudetowardMr.Sonsini’sremarksis______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET2.10points SirRichardFriendisatoughmantotrackdown.Phonecalls tohistwolabsatCambridgeUniversitygounansweredandsodoe-mails.Inthe endareporterhastoleaveanoteinhiscampuspigeonhole.TheelusiveFriend istheunlikelyinstigatorofwhatmaybearevolutioninelectronics:plastics. 46AlthoughmostelectronicdevicesmakeuseofsiliconchipsFriendsees afutureinwhichmobilephonesTVswatchescomputersandotherdevices incorporateinexpensiveplasticchips.47Friend’s visionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’9Osthatplastics canbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emitting diodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.Hisworkhas alreadyyieldedanewgenerationoflighterthinnerbrightercheaperandmore flexibleelectronicscreensforeverythingfromlightweightmobilephonesto disposabletalkingelectronicgreetingcards.48Nowhe’sworkingon devicesthatmightbringustalkingcerealboxesoradvertisingpostersthat lightupandspeakasyouwalkby.Thematerialsmightevenbespray-painted ontowallsthatchangecolorwiththeweatherorgointopillboxesthattell youwhentotakeyourmedication.Itsoundsfarfetchedbutthe basictechnologyisalreadyathandE-bookswithflexiblescreensthatcanbe rolledupandputintoyourpocketshouldstartappearinginthenextfewyears. 49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbe printed--justasinkisprintedontopaper--ontoanynumberofflexible surfaces.GeneralElectricisworkingwiththeDepartmentofEnergy--to createlargeflexiblesheetsthatcouldilluminatearoom.If youthinkeverythingisdigitalnowjustwait.50Productsinyourfridge taggedwithachipwouldautomaticallychangecoloraftertheirsell-bydate saysPeterHarropchairmanofmarket-researchfirmIDTechEx.Forhis CambridgestudentsSirRichardhasonewordofadvice:plastics.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3 atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’ No.14problem.Whensomeoneisdepressed herbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivities she6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.The sadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksor more.What7depressionA8 eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsome willsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknow ifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressed Depressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyour physicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orare labeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave 16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17 likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18 likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.A depressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldom goesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionis suicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’t treated.
Text4 ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand business-processoutsourcingfirmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseofthe internet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiraldrivenbythe aspirationsofnewlyrichIndiansespeciallythoselivingabroadwhousethe internettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauction websites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000.particularlyforprized namessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.Therewouldhavebeen nochanceofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternetsaysArunVadehra whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie’saninternational auctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianartworth$200millionlast yeartodoublein2006.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobal artmarketbutissizeableforanemergingmarket.Fornewly rich--oftenveryrich--non-residentIndiansexpensiveartisabadgeofsuccess inaforeignland.Whoyouareandwhatyouhaveareonyourwallssays LaveshJagasiaanartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsof investment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptember wouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100000justfouryearsago.Anda$ 22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian’sabigIndianauction househasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.Scant attentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.Thenwealthy Indiansparticularlythoselivingabroadbegantotakeaninterest.Dinesh VaziraniwhorunsSaffronartaleadingIndianauctionsitesays60%ofhis salesgotobuyersoverseas.Thefocusnowisonsixauctions thismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchas SurendranNaifandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby’sand Christie’shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweekeachwithaTyebMehtathatis expectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisthefateofother worksincludingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600000.Iftheydo wellitwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpullupprices acrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwayto run.Theauthor’snarrativeinthetextcenterson______.
债券的久期一般都随的增加而增加
股票价格已经反映了所有的历史信息如价格的变化状况交易量变化状况等因此技术分析手段对了解股票价格未来变化没有帮助这一市场是指
利率覃换的本金是100万元使用LIBOR6个月的利率LIBOR的6个月的和12个月的年利率分别为9%和10%则利率互换应该确定的利率为
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET2.10points SirRichardFriendisatoughmantotrackdown.Phonecalls tohistwolabsatCambridgeUniversitygounansweredandsodoe-mails.Inthe endareporterhastoleaveanoteinhiscampuspigeonhole.TheelusiveFriend istheunlikelyinstigatorofwhatmaybearevolutioninelectronics:plastics. 46AlthoughmostelectronicdevicesmakeuseofsiliconchipsFriendsees afutureinwhichmobilephonesTVswatchescomputersandotherdevices incorporateinexpensiveplasticchips.47Friend’s visionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’9Osthatplastics canbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emitting diodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.Hisworkhas alreadyyieldedanewgenerationoflighterthinnerbrightercheaperandmore flexibleelectronicscreensforeverythingfromlightweightmobilephonesto disposabletalkingelectronicgreetingcards.48Nowhe’sworkingon devicesthatmightbringustalkingcerealboxesoradvertisingpostersthat lightupandspeakasyouwalkby.Thematerialsmightevenbespray-painted ontowallsthatchangecolorwiththeweatherorgointopillboxesthattell youwhentotakeyourmedication.Itsoundsfarfetchedbutthe basictechnologyisalreadyathandE-bookswithflexiblescreensthatcanbe rolledupandputintoyourpocketshouldstartappearinginthenextfewyears. 49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbe printed--justasinkisprintedontopaper--ontoanynumberofflexible surfaces.GeneralElectricisworkingwiththeDepartmentofEnergy--to createlargeflexiblesheetsthatcouldilluminatearoom.If youthinkeverythingisdigitalnowjustwait.50Productsinyourfridge taggedwithachipwouldautomaticallychangecoloraftertheirsell-bydate saysPeterHarropchairmanofmarket-researchfirmIDTechEx.Forhis CambridgestudentsSirRichardhasonewordofadvice:plastics.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3 atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’ No.14problem.Whensomeoneisdepressed herbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivities she6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.The sadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksor more.What7depressionA8 eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsome willsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknow ifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressed Depressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyour physicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orare labeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave 16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17 likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18 likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.A depressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldom goesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionis suicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’t treated.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3 atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’ No.14problem.Whensomeoneisdepressed herbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivities she6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.The sadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksor more.What7depressionA8 eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsome willsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknow ifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressed Depressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyour physicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orare labeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave 16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17 likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18 likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.A depressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldom goesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionis suicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’t treated.
股票的未来收益的现值是
证券按其性质不同可以分为
Directions: Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawinginterpretitsmeaningandstateyourownopiniononit. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSW.ERSHEET2.20points
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1 September11th2001drewthe transatlanticalliancetogether;butthemooddidnotlastandoverthefive yearssinceithaspulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGerman MarshallFundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipinworld affairsasundesirable.TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.Butthereisanother andmoreintractablereasonforthegrowingdivision:God. EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBushistoo influencedbyreligion.TheholywarriorswhohijackedtheplanesonSeptember 11threintroducedGodintointernationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways. ItseemsthatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkindencouragingaclashofreligions thatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.DominiqueMoisiaspecial adviserattheFrenchInstituteforInternationalRelationsarguesthatthe combinationofreligionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.Wefeel betrayedbyGodandbynationalismwhichiswhywearebuildingtheEuropean Unionasabarriertoreligiouswarfare.JosefBramloftheGermanInstitute forInternationalandSecurityAffairscomplainsthatinAmericareligious attitudeshavemoreofaninfluenceonpoliticalchoicesthaninanyother westerndemocracy.ThenotionthatAmericaistooinfluencedby religionisnotconfinedtotheelites.ThreeinfiveFrenchpeopleand nearlyasmanyDutchthinkthatAmericansaretooreligious—andthatreligion skewswhatshouldbeseculardecisions.EuropeanswhothinkthatAmericaistoo religiousaremoreinclinedtoanti-Americanismthantheirfellowcountrymen. 38%ofBritonshaveanunfavourableviewofAmericabutthatnumberrisesto 50%amongpeoplewhoarewaryofAmericanreligiosity.Is Americaengagedinafaith-basedforeignpolicyReligioncertainlyexertsa growinginfluenceonitsactionsintheworldbutinwaysmoresubtleand complicatedthanEuropeansimagine.ItistruethatAmericaisundergoinga religiousrevivalHotreligionssuchasevangelicalProtestantismandhardline CatholicismaregrowingrapidlywhilecoolmainlineversionsofChristianity aredeclining.ItisalsotruethattheRepublicanPartyisbeingreshapedby thisrevival.Self-identifiedevangelicalsprovidedalmost40%ofMr.Bush’s votein2004;ifyouaddinothertheologicalconservativessuchasMormonsand traditionalCatholicsthatnumberrisescloserto60%.AllsixtopRepublican leadersintheSenatehaveearned100%ratingsfromtheChristian Coalition.ItisalsotruethatMr.Bushfrequentlyuses religiousrhetoricwhentalkingofforeignaffairs.OnSeptember12thhewasat itagaintellingagroupofconservativejournaliststhatheseesthewaron terrorasaconfrontationbetweengoodandevilandremarkingItseemsto methatthere’saThirdAwakeninginotherwordsanoutbreakofChristian evangelicalfervourofthesortthathassweptacrossAmericaatleasttwice before.AndChristianAmericaoverallistakingabiggerinterestinforeign policy.NewvoicesarebeingheardSuchasSamBrownbackaconservative senatorfromKansaswhohasledthefightagainstgenocideinDarfurandRick WarrentheauthorofabestsellercalledThePurpose-DrivenLifewhois sending2000missionariestoRwanda.Finallyitistruethat religiousfigureshavedonesomeprettyoutrageousthings.PatRobertsoncalled fortheassassinationofHugoChavezthepresidentofVenezuela.Lieu- tenant-GeneralWilliamJerryBoykindeputyunder-secretaryofdefencefor intelligencetouredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthatradicalMuslims hateAmericabecausewe’reaChristiannationandtheenemyisaguynamed Satan.Heoftenworeuniform.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree
Text4 ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand business-processoutsourcingfirmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseofthe internet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiraldrivenbythe aspirationsofnewlyrichIndiansespeciallythoselivingabroadwhousethe internettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauction websites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000.particularlyforprized namessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.Therewouldhavebeen nochanceofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternetsaysArunVadehra whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie’saninternational auctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianartworth$200millionlast yeartodoublein2006.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobal artmarketbutissizeableforanemergingmarket.Fornewly rich--oftenveryrich--non-residentIndiansexpensiveartisabadgeofsuccess inaforeignland.Whoyouareandwhatyouhaveareonyourwallssays LaveshJagasiaanartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsof investment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptember wouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100000justfouryearsago.Anda$ 22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian’sabigIndianauction househasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.Scant attentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.Thenwealthy Indiansparticularlythoselivingabroadbegantotakeaninterest.Dinesh VaziraniwhorunsSaffronartaleadingIndianauctionsitesays60%ofhis salesgotobuyersoverseas.Thefocusnowisonsixauctions thismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchas SurendranNaifandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby’sand Christie’shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweekeachwithaTyebMehtathatis expectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisthefateofother worksincludingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600000.Iftheydo wellitwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpullupprices acrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwayto run.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext
Text2 Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collar jobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collar servicejobswhichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition. Telecomschargeshavetumbledallowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobe connectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossible tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley’sMr.Roachhas beendrawingattentiontothefactthatthegloballabourarbitrageismoving rapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessing andcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountriesbutalso softwareprogrammingmedicaldiagnosticsengineeringdesignlawaccounting financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfrom anywhereintheworldexposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreater competition.Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthat outsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmerican service-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecasts thatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroadbutthat istinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear. Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatare alreadybeingoff-shoredwheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbe movedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemerging economies.AlanBlinderaneconomistatPrincetonUniversity believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsof off-shoringandthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbe susceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast 30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredto ChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evensothemerethreatthat theycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages:MoreoversaysMr. Blindereducationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronically deliveredcompetitionfromabroadwhereashumbletaxidriversjanitorsand craneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.Thismayhelptoexplainwhythe realmedianwageofAmericangraduateshatfallenby6%since2000abigger declinethaninaveragewages.Inthe1980sandearly1990sthe paygapbetweenlow-paidlow-skilledworkersandhigh-paidhigh-skilled workerswidenedsignificantly.ButsincethenaccordingtoastudybyDavid AutorLawrenceKatzandMelissaKearneyinAmericaBritainandGermany workersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthe middle-income’group.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itis theeasilystandardisedskilledjobinthemiddlesuchasaccountingthatare nowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzeratthe InstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.confirmsthatworkers intradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemore skilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturing industries.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1 September11th2001drewthe transatlanticalliancetogether;butthemooddidnotlastandoverthefive yearssinceithaspulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGerman MarshallFundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipinworld affairsasundesirable.TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.Butthereisanother andmoreintractablereasonforthegrowingdivision:God. EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBushistoo influencedbyreligion.TheholywarriorswhohijackedtheplanesonSeptember 11threintroducedGodintointernationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways. ItseemsthatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkindencouragingaclashofreligions thatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.DominiqueMoisiaspecial adviserattheFrenchInstituteforInternationalRelationsarguesthatthe combinationofreligionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.Wefeel betrayedbyGodandbynationalismwhichiswhywearebuildingtheEuropean Unionasabarriertoreligiouswarfare.JosefBramloftheGermanInstitute forInternationalandSecurityAffairscomplainsthatinAmericareligious attitudeshavemoreofaninfluenceonpoliticalchoicesthaninanyother westerndemocracy.ThenotionthatAmericaistooinfluencedby religionisnotconfinedtotheelites.ThreeinfiveFrenchpeopleand nearlyasmanyDutchthinkthatAmericansaretooreligious—andthatreligion skewswhatshouldbeseculardecisions.EuropeanswhothinkthatAmericaistoo religiousaremoreinclinedtoanti-Americanismthantheirfellowcountrymen. 38%ofBritonshaveanunfavourableviewofAmericabutthatnumberrisesto 50%amongpeoplewhoarewaryofAmericanreligiosity.Is Americaengagedinafaith-basedforeignpolicyReligioncertainlyexertsa growinginfluenceonitsactionsintheworldbutinwaysmoresubtleand complicatedthanEuropeansimagine.ItistruethatAmericaisundergoinga religiousrevivalHotreligionssuchasevangelicalProtestantismandhardline CatholicismaregrowingrapidlywhilecoolmainlineversionsofChristianity aredeclining.ItisalsotruethattheRepublicanPartyisbeingreshapedby thisrevival.Self-identifiedevangelicalsprovidedalmost40%ofMr.Bush’s votein2004;ifyouaddinothertheologicalconservativessuchasMormonsand traditionalCatholicsthatnumberrisescloserto60%.AllsixtopRepublican leadersintheSenatehaveearned100%ratingsfromtheChristian Coalition.ItisalsotruethatMr.Bushfrequentlyuses religiousrhetoricwhentalkingofforeignaffairs.OnSeptember12thhewasat itagaintellingagroupofconservativejournaliststhatheseesthewaron terrorasaconfrontationbetweengoodandevilandremarkingItseemsto methatthere’saThirdAwakeninginotherwordsanoutbreakofChristian evangelicalfervourofthesortthathassweptacrossAmericaatleasttwice before.AndChristianAmericaoverallistakingabiggerinterestinforeign policy.NewvoicesarebeingheardSuchasSamBrownbackaconservative senatorfromKansaswhohasledthefightagainstgenocideinDarfurandRick WarrentheauthorofabestsellercalledThePurpose-DrivenLifewhois sending2000missionariestoRwanda.Finallyitistruethat religiousfigureshavedonesomeprettyoutrageousthings.PatRobertsoncalled fortheassassinationofHugoChavezthepresidentofVenezuela.Lieu- tenant-GeneralWilliamJerryBoykindeputyunder-secretaryofdefencefor intelligencetouredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthatradicalMuslims hateAmericabecausewe’reaChristiannationandtheenemyisaguynamed Satan.Heoftenworeuniform.Thephraseinkindinthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.
收入有很强周期性以及经营有高杠杆性的公司很有可能具有
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points SowhatisdepressionDepressionis oftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness. Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3 atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’ No.14problem.Whensomeoneisdepressed herbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivities she6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.The sadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksor more.What7depressionA8 eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsome willsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknow ifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressed Depressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyour physicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orare labeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave 16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17 likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18 likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.A depressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldom goesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionis suicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’t treated.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouthowto keepyourjobfollowedbyalistofimportantexamples.Choosethebest examplesfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisone extraexampleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWER SHEET1.10points Ascompaniescontinuetocutcoststhedaysoffrequent promotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportunitiesto showoffyourskills.Layoffsurvivorsfacedwithfeweroptionsarefinding themselvesincareerpurgatory--there’snowayupandnowayout. Aftertalkingtocareercoachesmanagersrecruitersandpsychologists Fortuneputtogethereighttipstohelpworkersbreakfreefromthe inertia.41.AvoidtakingcoverDon’thideoutbehind yourcomputer.Youshouldreallyworktoincreaseormaintainthevisibility thatyouhavesaysDavidOptonfounderandCEOofcareermanagementfirm ExecuNet.Buildacircleofallies Fortifyyourcurrentrelationshipsandworkonmakingnewonesboth withinandoutsidetheoffice.Allieswillbehelpfulintermsoflettingyou knowinformationlikeifthere’sajobpossibilitythatcomesupsaysDee SoderfounderoftheCEOPerspectiveGroup.Whoyouknowcanmakeabig differenceespeciallyindifficulttimes.42.Loaduponnew toolsThisistheperfecttimetoacquirenewexpertise. Ifthebosscan’tpaydoitonyourown.43.Lookbeyondyourjob descriptionPeopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydo theirjobswell;theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.Lauren DolivaapartneratrecruitingfirmHeidrick&StrugglesInternationalhas aclientlookingtohireaCOO.44.ManageyourownPR DoingwellispartproductivityandpartpublicitysaysMarilynMoats KennedyamanagingpartneratCareerStrategies.Be creativeRemembersaysDolivapeoplehireustothink notjusttodo.Thisistheperfecttimetotackletheprojectthatyou’ve alwayswishedyouhadmoretimefor.Soderrecommendsschedulinganhoureach daytoworkonextrathingssuchasnewinitiativesorwaystoimproveyourjob orthatofthoseaboveyou.Takeresponsibilityforyour successBeproactivenotreactive.SaysKennedy:Ifyou’re waitingforsomethingtohappentoyouit’snotgoingtobeanythingpositive. Figureoutyourgoalsandletmanagersknowwhattheyare;identifyyour weaknessesandworkonthem;findbetterwaystoharnessyourstrengths.For nontangibleskills--leadershipmanagementcommunication-coachesrecommend hiringacoach.AclientofSoder’swasputintoanewmanagementrolebut didn’tfeellikeshehadwhatittooktooverseeabiggerteam.Shewentoutand hiredacoachwhohelpedherlearnhowtointeractwithtopexecutivesaswell ashowtorunabiggerterritory.Shehassincebeenpromotedagain. Takingresponsibilityforyourownsuccessissomethingeveryoneshould doregardlessofexternalfactors.Otherwiseyou’reheadingstraightfor burnout.45.AdjustyourattitudeDon’tpanic.Even thoughtheeconomyisinarecessionyourcareerisnotcomingtoanend.How youlookatthesituationwillhaveabigimpactonwhetheryoustaystuckor moveahead.Onecanchoosetosaythereisnoopportunityoronecanchooseto lookforitsaysDoliva.Infactmanycoachesbelievethatbeingstuckis justastateofmind.[A]Letpeopleknowwhenyouaccomplishsomethingor whenyouputintheextraefforttogetaprojectdoneearly.Withoutbeing cheesymakesurethatyou’regivingofftherightvibesbykeepingapositive attitudeavoidingemotionaloutburstsandappearingcalmandorganized.And don’tforgettolookthepart.Manydidn’tgetpromotionsbecauseoftheir professionalpresence—groomingclothesandbodylanguage.[B]Whensomeone broughtuptheVPofoperationswhowastheobviouscandidateforthejobthe CEOrejectedhimoutright.HesaidnobecausetheVPonlydoeswhat’s expectedsaysDoliva.TheCEOdidn’tseehimassomeonewhowouldtakethe risksandthetimetodothejobbetter.Nowisnotthetimeforcomplacency evenifyou’renotgunningforaspotintheexecutivesuite.Coachessuggest thatemployeescomeinearlystaylateandtakeonextraprojects.Little thingscanmakeabigdifference.[C]Brushuponcomputerskillsaudita classorgetacertificateordegreeinyourfieldandwhenjobsdoopenup you’llbeready.[D]Whatyoudon’twanttodoisstartgettingdepressed addsMelissaKarzfounderofKadimaCoaching.Bewhatyouwanttoattract.It mightbehelpfultohuntformotivationinotherplaces.Nowisthetimeto starttakingalookathowfulfillingyourlifeis-outsideofworksaysLois FrankelpresidentofCorporateCoachingInternational.Findexcitingactivities toreplenishyourselfwithandthenbringthatpositivespiritintothe office.[E]Amidallofthelayoffsyou’vemanagedtokeepyourjobbutthe chancesofmovingupareslimtonone.Nobodyaboveyouisgoingtoleavenow andthere’snomoneyforspecialprojectstoproveyourself.You’restuck. Here’showtoavoidfadingintothewoodwork[F]Speakupinmeetingsjoin taskforcesandvolunteerfordifficultprojectsthatcoworkersaren’twilling totackle.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET2.10points SirRichardFriendisatoughmantotrackdown.Phonecalls tohistwolabsatCambridgeUniversitygounansweredandsodoe-mails.Inthe endareporterhastoleaveanoteinhiscampuspigeonhole.TheelusiveFriend istheunlikelyinstigatorofwhatmaybearevolutioninelectronics:plastics. 46AlthoughmostelectronicdevicesmakeuseofsiliconchipsFriendsees afutureinwhichmobilephonesTVswatchescomputersandotherdevices incorporateinexpensiveplasticchips.47Friend’s visionisbasedonhisowndiscoveriesbackinthe’80sand’9Osthatplastics canbeusedtomaketransistorsthebasicelementofchipsandlight-emitting diodesLEDswhichglowwhenelectricitypassesthroughthem.Hisworkhas alreadyyieldedanewgenerationoflighterthinnerbrightercheaperandmore flexibleelectronicscreensforeverythingfromlightweightmobilephonesto disposabletalkingelectronicgreetingcards.48Nowhe’sworkingon devicesthatmightbringustalkingcerealboxesoradvertisingpostersthat lightupandspeakasyouwalkby.Thematerialsmightevenbespray-painted ontowallsthatchangecolorwiththeweatherorgointopillboxesthattell youwhentotakeyourmedication.Itsoundsfarfetchedbutthe basictechnologyisalreadyathandE-bookswithflexiblescreensthatcanbe rolledupandputintoyourpocketshouldstartappearinginthenextfewyears. 49Andplasticchipswhichcanbelaidontoalmostanysurfacecouldbe printed--justasinkisprintedontopaper--ontoanynumberofflexible surfaces.GeneralElectricisworkingwiththeDepartmentofEnergy--to createlargeflexiblesheetsthatcouldilluminatearoom.If youthinkeverythingisdigitalnowjustwait.50Productsinyourfridge taggedwithachipwouldautomaticallychangecoloraftertheirsell-bydate saysPeterHarropchairmanofmarket-researchfirmIDTechEx.Forhis CambridgestudentsSirRichardhasonewordofadvice:plastics.
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