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This skirt was made （）your mother （）her own measure.
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YourskirtlooksniceIsit______cotton?
made in
made of
made from
made by
Thisskirtwasmade______yourmother______herownmeasur
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Thisskirtismade________yourmother________herownmea
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—Yourskirtfeelssosoft.—Yes.It________silk.
is made from
is made of
makes from
makes of
Thisskirtwasmadeyourmotherherownmeasure.
for; to
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PassageTwoChildrenstartoutasnaturalscientistseagertolookintotheworldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy;there’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.Youonlyhavetoshareyourchildren’scuriosity.Firstlylistentotheirquestions.Ioncevisitedaclassroomofseven-year-oldstotalkaboutscienceasajob.ThechildrenaskedmetextbookquestionsaboutschoolingsalaryandwhetherIlikedmyjob.WhenIfinishedansweringwesatfacingoneanotherinsilence.FinallyIsaidNowthatwe’vefinishedwithyourlistsdoyouhavequestionsofyourownaboutscienceAfteralongpauseaboyraisedhishandHaveyoueverseenagrasshopper蚱蜢eatWhenItryeatingleaveslikethatIgetastomachache.WhyThisbeganasetofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohours.Secondlygivethemtimetothink.Studiesoverthepast30yearshaveshownthatafteraskingaquestionadultstypicallywaitonlyonesecondorlesstorananswernotimeforachildtothink.Whenadultsincreasetheirwaittimetothreesecondsormorechildrengivemorelogicalcompleteandcreativeanswers.Thirdlywatchyourlanguage.Onceyouhaveachildinvolvedinasciencediscussiondon’tjumpinwithThat’srightorVerygood.Thesewordsworkwellwhenitcomestoencouraginggoodbehavior.Butintalkingaboutsciencequickpraisecansignalthatdiscussionisover.InsteadkeepthingsgoingbysayingThat’sinterestingorI’dneverthoughtofitthatway-beforeorcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.NeverpushachildtoThink.Itdoesn’tmakesensechildrenarealwaysthinkingwithoutyourtellingthemto.What’smorethiscanturnaconversationintoaperformance.Thechildwilltrytofindtheansweryouwantinasfewwordsaspossiblesothathewillbeasmallertargetforyourdisagreement.Lastlyshow;don’ttell.Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.Letchildrenlookattheirfingertipsthroughamagnifyingglassandthey’llunderstandwhyyouwantthemtowashbeforedinner.Ratherthansayingthatwaterevaporatessetapotofwatertoboilandletthemwatchthewaterleveldrop.Inwhichofthefollowingparagraphsdoestheauthortelluswhattosaytoencouragechildreninasciencediscussion
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PassageOneTherearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Ahhoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflifeonebecomeshappyandtheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthingspersonseventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings:thepleasantpartsofconversationthewellprepareddishesthegoodnessofthewineandthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Thereforetheyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarkstheysourthepleasureofsocietyoffendhurtmanypeopleandmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnaturesuchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabitunknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrongbutitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothemandhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimaginationithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;nobodylovesthemandnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortunenobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjectionsnoonewilldefendorexcusethemandmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasingwithoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonotitwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenientespeciallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.Ifsuchunhappypersonsinsistonkeepingthehabittheauthorsuggeststhatpeopleshould______.
PassageThreeBeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamilyfriendsneighboursevenpetswillalldothetrickbutthebiggestlongevity长寿boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarrwhowrotethatwidowsandwidowerswereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeathwhetherillnessaccidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyoumarriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewiseamarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipsidehoweveraspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeathandcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evensotheoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10000peopleNicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.SohowdoesitworkTheeffectsarecomplexaffectedbysocio-economicfactorshealth-serviceprovisionemotionalsupportandothermorephysiological生理的mechanisms.Forexamplesocialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystemleadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartnerchildrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.TheultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedoutbutChristakissays:Peopleareinterconnectedsotheirhealthisinterconnected./Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph
PassageOneItisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjamsthecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlifebutmannersonthetoadarebecominghorrible.Eyebodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacagebuttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmannersbutgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhandalittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandcalmnesssonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorsofpolitenessarebynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.Howevermisplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaybenotabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriverwhosemannersarefaultlesstoldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoinintrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunatelymoderndriverscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonemastertheroadmanship.Yearsagoexpertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto______.
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PassageOneTherearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Ahhoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflifeonebecomeshappyandtheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthingspersonseventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings:thepleasantpartsofconversationthewellprepareddishesthegoodnessofthewineandthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Thereforetheyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarkstheysourthepleasureofsocietyoffendhurtmanypeopleandmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnaturesuchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabitunknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrongbutitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothemandhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimaginationithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;nobodylovesthemandnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortunenobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjectionsnoonewilldefendorexcusethemandmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasingwithoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonotitwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenientespeciallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.Thephrasesourthepleasureofsocietymostnearlymeans______.
PassageThreeBeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamilyfriendsneighboursevenpetswillalldothetrickbutthebiggestlongevity长寿boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarrwhowrotethatwidowsandwidowerswereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeathwhetherillnessaccidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyoumarriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewiseamarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipsidehoweveraspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeathandcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evensotheoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10000peopleNicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.SohowdoesitworkTheeffectsarecomplexaffectedbysocio-economicfactorshealth-serviceprovisionemotionalsupportandothermorephysiological生理的mechanisms.Forexamplesocialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystemleadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartnerchildrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.TheultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedoutbutChristakissays:Peopleareinterconnectedsotheirhealthisinterconnected./ItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthattheflipsideLine4～5Par
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