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Text3 Asia’srealboat-rockerisagrowing ChinanotJapanaseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.Thereis somuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe’world’smiracleeconomythat itisbecomingcacophonous.InWashingtonDCthelatestideaisthatChinais becomingtoosuccessfulperhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulationthe Pentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworrying aboutChina’s12.6%annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmight soonhavetheabilitytotakepre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthreeconsecutiveweekendsthe streetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstrators marchingandrocksbeingthrownallseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that JapanistheprobleminAsianotChinabecauseofitswantonfailuretoface uptoitshistory;andthatbycosyinguptoJapaninsecuritymattersAmerica isallyingwithAsia’spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyrisk fromallthisnoise.ThepressuretowardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider climatefortradeliberalizationintheD0haroundoftheWorldTrade OrganisationWTO.SofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChina andJapanbutthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorbothcountries couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethemeveninvolvingtheirnavies. Andthemorethatnationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbut especiallyChinathemorethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredupperhaps towardsmoreviolence.Arevaluationoftheyuanasdemandedin Congresswouldnotre-balancetradebetweenAmericaandChinathoughitmight helpalittleinduecourse.AsincereapologybyJapanforitswartime atrocitiesmightalsohelpalittlebutitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia’s naturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom’buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplex onesandasisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputesfinding solutionsislikelytobefarfromsimple.FromthefirstparagraphwemayseethatAmerica’sattitudetowardsChina’ssuccessis______.
Text3 Asia’srealboat-rockerisagrowing ChinanotJapanaseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.Thereis somuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe’world’smiracleeconomythat itisbecomingcacophonous.InWashingtonDCthelatestideaisthatChinais becomingtoosuccessfulperhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulationthe Pentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworrying aboutChina’s12.6%annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmight soonhavetheabilitytotakepre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthreeconsecutiveweekendsthe streetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstrators marchingandrocksbeingthrownallseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that JapanistheprobleminAsianotChinabecauseofitswantonfailuretoface uptoitshistory;andthatbycosyinguptoJapaninsecuritymattersAmerica isallyingwithAsia’spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyrisk fromallthisnoise.ThepressuretowardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider climatefortradeliberalizationintheD0haroundoftheWorldTrade OrganisationWTO.SofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChina andJapanbutthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorbothcountries couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethemeveninvolvingtheirnavies. Andthemorethatnationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbut especiallyChinathemorethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredupperhaps towardsmoreviolence.Arevaluationoftheyuanasdemandedin Congresswouldnotre-balancetradebetweenAmericaandChinathoughitmight helpalittleinduecourse.AsincereapologybyJapanforitswartime atrocitiesmightalsohelpalittlebutitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia’s naturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom’buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplex onesandasisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputesfinding solutionsislikelytobefarfromsimple.WhatisthereasonforthedemonstrationsinthestreetsofbigChinesecities
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text3 Asia’srealboat-rockerisagrowing ChinanotJapanaseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.Thereis somuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe’world’smiracleeconomythat itisbecomingcacophonous.InWashingtonDCthelatestideaisthatChinais becomingtoosuccessfulperhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulationthe Pentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworrying aboutChina’s12.6%annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmight soonhavetheabilitytotakepre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthreeconsecutiveweekendsthe streetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstrators marchingandrocksbeingthrownallseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that JapanistheprobleminAsianotChinabecauseofitswantonfailuretoface uptoitshistory;andthatbycosyinguptoJapaninsecuritymattersAmerica isallyingwithAsia’spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyrisk fromallthisnoise.ThepressuretowardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider climatefortradeliberalizationintheD0haroundoftheWorldTrade OrganisationWTO.SofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChina andJapanbutthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorbothcountries couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethemeveninvolvingtheirnavies. Andthemorethatnationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbut especiallyChinathemorethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredupperhaps towardsmoreviolence.Arevaluationoftheyuanasdemandedin Congresswouldnotre-balancetradebetweenAmericaandChinathoughitmight helpalittleinduecourse.AsincereapologybyJapanforitswartime atrocitiesmightalsohelpalittlebutitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia’s naturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom’buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplex onesandasisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputesfinding solutionsislikelytobefarfromsimple.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAsianmatters
Everynowandthenastudycomesalongwhosechiefinterest liesinhowpeculiarlyaskewitsfindingsseemtobefromthecommonperception ofthings.Sometimesofcoursethesurprisingnewstudyitselfturnsoutto beoffinsomeway.Butifthedataarefundamentallysoundthenwhatyou reallywanttoknowiswhysensiblepeopleholdsuchacontraryview. 41___________________.Researcherstookacloserlookatanearlierstudy thathadbeenwidelyinterpretedwhenitwasfirstpublishedin2000asproof thatthehomeworkmonsterwasgrowingandinsatiable.ATimemagazinecover articlespawnedaminigenreoftrendstoriesallpeopledbypaleexhausted kidsandbewilderedboomerparentswhoseownhomeworkmemoriesseemedto encompassonlyfeltpuppetsandshoe-boxdioramas.Butthenewreportpointsout thatwhiletheamountoftimeschoolchildren12andunderdevotedtostudyat homedidindeedgrowbetween1981and1997theincreasewassmall:an averageof23minutesperweek.42___________________.Sowhydo somanyparentsseemtothinkotherwiseOneansweristhattherealincreasein homeworkthathasbeendocumentedisamongyoungerchildren.In1981for instanceone-thirdof6-to8-year-oldshadsomehomework;one-halfdidinthe late90’s.43___________________.Sincechildren6to8arethe onesweparticularlyliketothinkofasengagedinunstructuredplay--we imaginethemridingbikesinthehoneyedlightofwaningafternoonsevenwhen whattheymightwellbedoingintheabsenceofhomeworkiswatching TV-homeworkforthemseemslikeoneofthoseheavy-handedincursionsonthe freedomofchildhood.44___________________.Thesechildrengo toeliteprivateschoolsortodemandingpubliconeswherethecompetitive pressuresaresuchthattheyeitherreallydohavehoursofhomeworkeachnight ortakehoursfinishingitbecausetheyortheirparentsaresoanxiousthat itbedonewell.Theycomefromthedemographicthatmakesaculturalalmosta. moralidealofenrollingchildreninsoccerandoboelessonsandkarateand balletandsotheirtimereallyisatapremium. 45___________________.A.Moreover20percentfewerchildren betweentheagesof9and12weredoinghomeworkatallin1997thanin1981. Andhigh-schoolstudentsspentnomoretimeonhomeworkthantheydidin previousdecades.B.Thatiscertainlythequestionraisedbya BrookingsInstitutionreportreleasedlastmonthshowingthattheamountoftime kidsdevotetohomeworkhasnotinfactsignificantlyincreasedoverthelast twodecades.C.Behindtheseemingcontradictionsofsteady homeworklevelsandtheanti-homeworkbacklashinotherwordsisthereality ofsocialclass.D.Theyarelikelytohavebusyprofessional parentsoversubscribedthemselvesbutwithaninvestmentinseeingtheir childrenproducebookreportsofakindthatteacherscounselorsandintime collegeadmissionsboardswillfindimpressive.E.Anti-homework crusadesarenotnew-in1901forexampleCaliforniapassedalawabolishing homeworkforgradesonethrougheight-buttheyhaveusuallybeenledbythesame kindsofpeoplewhichistosayelites.F.Sinceparentsare morelikelytohavetosuperviseafirstorsecondgraderdoinghomeworkthanan olderchildtheearlierlaunchingofahomeworkregimenmightfeellikea disproportionateincreaseintheparentalworkload.G.Butthe biggeranswerIsuspectisthattheparentswetendtohearfrominthepress atschool-boardmeetingsandinInternetchatgroupstheparentswith elaborateddevelopmentallysavvycritiquesofstandardsandcurriculumsare parentswhosechildrenreallyareexperiencingatimecrunch.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Everynowandthenastudycomesalongwhosechiefinterest liesinhowpeculiarlyaskewitsfindingsseemtobefromthecommonperception ofthings.Sometimesofcoursethesurprisingnewstudyitselfturnsoutto beoffinsomeway.Butifthedataarefundamentallysoundthenwhatyou reallywanttoknowiswhysensiblepeopleholdsuchacontraryview. 41___________________.Researcherstookacloserlookatanearlierstudy thathadbeenwidelyinterpretedwhenitwasfirstpublishedin2000asproof thatthehomeworkmonsterwasgrowingandinsatiable.ATimemagazinecover articlespawnedaminigenreoftrendstoriesallpeopledbypaleexhausted kidsandbewilderedboomerparentswhoseownhomeworkmemoriesseemedto encompassonlyfeltpuppetsandshoe-boxdioramas.Butthenewreportpointsout thatwhiletheamountoftimeschoolchildren12andunderdevotedtostudyat homedidindeedgrowbetween1981and1997theincreasewassmall:an averageof23minutesperweek.42___________________.Sowhydo somanyparentsseemtothinkotherwiseOneansweristhattherealincreasein homeworkthathasbeendocumentedisamongyoungerchildren.In1981for instanceone-thirdof6-to8-year-oldshadsomehomework;one-halfdidinthe late90’s.43___________________.Sincechildren6to8arethe onesweparticularlyliketothinkofasengagedinunstructuredplay--we imaginethemridingbikesinthehoneyedlightofwaningafternoonsevenwhen whattheymightwellbedoingintheabsenceofhomeworkiswatching TV-homeworkforthemseemslikeoneofthoseheavy-handedincursionsonthe freedomofchildhood.44___________________.Thesechildrengo toeliteprivateschoolsortodemandingpubliconeswherethecompetitive pressuresaresuchthattheyeitherreallydohavehoursofhomeworkeachnight ortakehoursfinishingitbecausetheyortheirparentsaresoanxiousthat itbedonewell.Theycomefromthedemographicthatmakesaculturalalmosta. moralidealofenrollingchildreninsoccerandoboelessonsandkarateand balletandsotheirtimereallyisatapremium. 45___________________.A.Moreover20percentfewerchildren betweentheagesof9and12weredoinghomeworkatallin1997thanin1981. Andhigh-schoolstudentsspentnomoretimeonhomeworkthantheydidin previousdecades.B.Thatiscertainlythequestionraisedbya BrookingsInstitutionreportreleasedlastmonthshowingthattheamountoftime kidsdevotetohomeworkhasnotinfactsignificantlyincreasedoverthelast twodecades.C.Behindtheseemingcontradictionsofsteady homeworklevelsandtheanti-homeworkbacklashinotherwordsisthereality ofsocialclass.D.Theyarelikelytohavebusyprofessional parentsoversubscribedthemselvesbutwithaninvestmentinseeingtheir childrenproducebookreportsofakindthatteacherscounselorsandintime collegeadmissionsboardswillfindimpressive.E.Anti-homework crusadesarenotnew-in1901forexampleCaliforniapassedalawabolishing homeworkforgradesonethrougheight-buttheyhaveusuallybeenledbythesame kindsofpeoplewhichistosayelites.F.Sinceparentsare morelikelytohavetosuperviseafirstorsecondgraderdoinghomeworkthanan olderchildtheearlierlaunchingofahomeworkregimenmightfeellikea disproportionateincreaseintheparentalworkload.G.Butthe biggeranswerIsuspectisthattheparentswetendtohearfrominthepress atschool-boardmeetingsandinInternetchatgroupstheparentswith elaborateddevelopmentallysavvycritiquesofstandardsandcurriculumsare parentswhosechildrenreallyareexperiencingatimecrunch.
Text4 Ithasbeenawretchedfewweeksfor America’s.celebritybosses.AIG’sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramatically oustedfromthefirmthroughwhichhedominatedglobalinsurancefordecades.At MorganStanleyamutinyisforcingPhilipPurcellabossusedtogettinghis ownwayintoanincreasinglydesperatecampaigntosavehisskin.AtBoeing HarryStonecipherwascalledoutofretirementtoleadthescandal-hitfirmand raiseethicalstandardsonlytocommitalapseofhisownbeingsackedfor sendinge-mailstoaloverwhowasalsoanemployee.CarlyFiorinawasthemost powerfulwomanincorporateAmericauntilafewweeksagowhenHewlett-Packard HPsackedherforpoorperformance.ThefateofBernieEbbersismuchgrimmer. Theoncehigh-profilebossofWorldComcouldwellspendtherestofhislife behindbarsfollowinghisconvictionlastmonthonfraudcharges. Indifferentwayseachoftheseexamplesappearstopointtothesame welcomeconclusion:thattheimbalanceincorporatepowerofthelate1990s whenmanybosseswereallowedtobehavelikeabsolutemonarchshasbeen corrected.Alasappearancescanbedeceptive.Whileeachoftheserecenttales ofchief-executivewooisasisofprogressnoneprovidesmuchevidencethat thecrisisinAmericancorporategovernanceisyetover.Infacteachofthese casesisanexampleoffailednotsuccessfulgovernance.At theveryleastthebeardsofbothMorganStanleyandHPwerefartooslowto addresstheirbosses’inadequacies.TherecordoftheBoeingbeardinpicking chiefspronetoethicallapsesistoolongtobedismissedasmerebadluck.The fallofMessrsGreenbergandEbbersmeanwhilehighlightsthegrowingroleof government-andinparticularofcriminalprosecutorsinholdingbossesto account:adevelopmentthatisatbestamixedblessing.TheSarbanes-Oxley actpassedinhastefollowingtheEnronandWorldComscandalsisimposing heavycostsonAmericancompanies;whethertheseareexceededbyanybenefitsis thesubjectoffiercedebateandmaynotbeknownforyears. EliotSpitzerNewYork’sattorney-generalistheleadingadvocateand practitionerofanenergeticlawenforcementapproach.Hemayberightthat therecentburstofpunitiveactionshasbeengoodfortheeconomyevenifsome ofhisowndecisionshavebeenopentoquestion.Whereheisundoubtedlyright isinarguingthatcorporateAmericahasdonealamentablejobofgoverning itself.AshesaysinanarticleintheWallStreetJournalthisweek: ThehourcedeamongCEOsdidn’twork.Boardoversightdidn’twork. Ser-regulationwasacompletefailure.AIG’sboardforexample didnothingaboutMrGreenberg’suseofmurkyaccountingortheconflictsposed byhisuseofoffshorevehiclesorhisconstantbullyingofhiscritics letalonethefirm’sallegedparticipationinbid-rigging--untilMr Spitzerthreatenedacriminalprosecutionthatmighthavedestroyedthe firm.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyamixedblessingLine6Para.3
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text2 Everyspringmigratingsalmonreturnto BritishColumbia’sriverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfresh disastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent;Thefisheriescommittee ofCanada’sHouseofCommonsandaformerchiefjusticeofBritishColumbia BryanWilliamshavejust.examinedseparatelywhy1.3msockeyesalmon mysteriouslydisappearedfromthefamedFraserriverfisheryin2004.Their conclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalof salmonandtherightsofFirstNationsasCanadianscallIndians. In2004onlyabout524000salmonarethoughttohavereturnedtothe spawninggroundsbarelymorethanaquarterthenumberwhomadeitfouryears earlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhavekilledmany.TheHouseofCommonsalso lambastedthefederalDepartmentofFisheriesandOceansDFOforpoor scientificdataandforfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilarreports since1992havecalledforthedepartment’sreform.Invain:itssenior officialsareindenialaboutitsfailingssaidthecommittee. MrWilliams’reportaddedamoreshockingtwist.Heconcludedthatillegal fishingontheFraserriverisrampantandoutofcontrolwithno-gozones wherefisheriesofficersare’toldnottoconfrontIndianpoachersforfearof violence.ThejudgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportbyoneofits investigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleofsalmonbymembersof theCheamFirstNationsomeofwhomwerearmed.SomeFirst Nationsclaimanunrestrictedrighttofishandselltheircatch.Canada’s constitutionacknowledgestheaboriginalrighttofishforfoodandforsocial andceremonialneedsbutnotageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser howevertheDFOhasgrantedIndiansaspecialcommercialfishery.Tosome. Indianseventhatisnotenough.Bothreportscalledformore fundsfortheDFOtoimprovedatacollectionandenforcement.Theyalso recommendedreturningtoasinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplying toallCanadians.OnApril14thGeoffReganthefederal fisheriesministerrespondedtotwopreviousreportsfromayearago.Onefrom aFirstNationsgroupsuggestedgivingnativesarisingshareofthecatch.The otherproposedanewquotasystemforfishinglicencesandtheconclusionof long-standingtalksontreatiesincludingfishingrightswithFirstNations. MrRegansaidhisdepartmentwouldspendthisyearconsultingstakeholders nativescommercialandsportfishermen.Itwillalsolaunchpilotprojects aimedatimprovingconservationenforcementandFirstNations’accessto fisheries.GeoffReganthefederalfisheriesministerismostprobablygoingto______.
Theywerebyfarthelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdetected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudsome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71.Butevenmoreimportantitwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepastforwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite―Cobe―haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBangthetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy. 72.TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBangfirstputforwardinthe1920stomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.Accordingtothetheorytheuniverseburstintobeingasasubmicroscopicunimaginablydenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardinalldirectionsemittingradiationasitwentcondensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.Overbillionsofyearsthegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxiesstarsplantsandeventuallyevenhumans. Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructuresbutastronomerswouldliketoseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswelltheseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersandsuperclustersofgalaxies.Theyshouldn’’thavelongtowait.73.Astrophysicistsworkingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borneinstrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructuresandmayreporttheirfindingssoon. 74.IfthesmallhotspotslookasexpectedthatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificideaarefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.Inflationsaysthatvery’’earlyontheuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethanatrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecondpropelledbyasortofantigravity. 75.Oddthoughitsoundscosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysicsandmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.Whatisthetoneofthepassage
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.DaveO’ReillyandHugoChavezbehavethat______.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.AccordingtothepassageWestTexasIntermediatePara.4refersto______.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text2 Everyspringmigratingsalmonreturnto BritishColumbia’sriverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfresh disastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent;Thefisheriescommittee ofCanada’sHouseofCommonsandaformerchiefjusticeofBritishColumbia BryanWilliamshavejust.examinedseparatelywhy1.3msockeyesalmon mysteriouslydisappearedfromthefamedFraserriverfisheryin2004.Their conclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalof salmonandtherightsofFirstNationsasCanadianscallIndians. In2004onlyabout524000salmonarethoughttohavereturnedtothe spawninggroundsbarelymorethanaquarterthenumberwhomadeitfouryears earlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhavekilledmany.TheHouseofCommonsalso lambastedthefederalDepartmentofFisheriesandOceansDFOforpoor scientificdataandforfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilarreports since1992havecalledforthedepartment’sreform.Invain:itssenior officialsareindenialaboutitsfailingssaidthecommittee. MrWilliams’reportaddedamoreshockingtwist.Heconcludedthatillegal fishingontheFraserriverisrampantandoutofcontrolwithno-gozones wherefisheriesofficersare’toldnottoconfrontIndianpoachersforfearof violence.ThejudgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportbyoneofits investigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleofsalmonbymembersof theCheamFirstNationsomeofwhomwerearmed.SomeFirst Nationsclaimanunrestrictedrighttofishandselltheircatch.Canada’s constitutionacknowledgestheaboriginalrighttofishforfoodandforsocial andceremonialneedsbutnotageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser howevertheDFOhasgrantedIndiansaspecialcommercialfishery.Tosome. Indianseventhatisnotenough.Bothreportscalledformore fundsfortheDFOtoimprovedatacollectionandenforcement.Theyalso recommendedreturningtoasinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplying toallCanadians.OnApril14thGeoffReganthefederal fisheriesministerrespondedtotwopreviousreportsfromayearago.Onefrom aFirstNationsgroupsuggestedgivingnativesarisingshareofthecatch.The otherproposedanewquotasystemforfishinglicencesandtheconclusionof long-standingtalksontreatiesincludingfishingrightswithFirstNations. MrRegansaidhisdepartmentwouldspendthisyearconsultingstakeholders nativescommercialandsportfishermen.Itwillalsolaunchpilotprojects aimedatimprovingconservationenforcementandFirstNations’accessto fisheries.ThenumberofsalmoneveryspringinBritishColumbia’sriversfouryearsearlieris______.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text4 Ithasbeenawretchedfewweeksfor America’s.celebritybosses.AIG’sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramatically oustedfromthefirmthroughwhichhedominatedglobalinsurancefordecades.At MorganStanleyamutinyisforcingPhilipPurcellabossusedtogettinghis ownwayintoanincreasinglydesperatecampaigntosavehisskin.AtBoeing HarryStonecipherwascalledoutofretirementtoleadthescandal-hitfirmand raiseethicalstandardsonlytocommitalapseofhisownbeingsackedfor sendinge-mailstoaloverwhowasalsoanemployee.CarlyFiorinawasthemost powerfulwomanincorporateAmericauntilafewweeksagowhenHewlett-Packard HPsackedherforpoorperformance.ThefateofBernieEbbersismuchgrimmer. Theoncehigh-profilebossofWorldComcouldwellspendtherestofhislife behindbarsfollowinghisconvictionlastmonthonfraudcharges. Indifferentwayseachoftheseexamplesappearstopointtothesame welcomeconclusion:thattheimbalanceincorporatepowerofthelate1990s whenmanybosseswereallowedtobehavelikeabsolutemonarchshasbeen corrected.Alasappearancescanbedeceptive.Whileeachoftheserecenttales ofchief-executivewooisasisofprogressnoneprovidesmuchevidencethat thecrisisinAmericancorporategovernanceisyetover.Infacteachofthese casesisanexampleoffailednotsuccessfulgovernance.At theveryleastthebeardsofbothMorganStanleyandHPwerefartooslowto addresstheirbosses’inadequacies.TherecordoftheBoeingbeardinpicking chiefspronetoethicallapsesistoolongtobedismissedasmerebadluck.The fallofMessrsGreenbergandEbbersmeanwhilehighlightsthegrowingroleof government-andinparticularofcriminalprosecutorsinholdingbossesto account:adevelopmentthatisatbestamixedblessing.TheSarbanes-Oxley actpassedinhastefollowingtheEnronandWorldComscandalsisimposing heavycostsonAmericancompanies;whethertheseareexceededbyanybenefitsis thesubjectoffiercedebateandmaynotbeknownforyears. EliotSpitzerNewYork’sattorney-generalistheleadingadvocateand practitionerofanenergeticlawenforcementapproach.Hemayberightthat therecentburstofpunitiveactionshasbeengoodfortheeconomyevenifsome ofhisowndecisionshavebeenopentoquestion.Whereheisundoubtedlyright isinarguingthatcorporateAmericahasdonealamentablejobofgoverning itself.AshesaysinanarticleintheWallStreetJournalthisweek: ThehourcedeamongCEOsdidn’twork.Boardoversightdidn’twork. Ser-regulationwasacompletefailure.AIG’sboardforexample didnothingaboutMrGreenberg’suseofmurkyaccountingortheconflictsposed byhisuseofoffshorevehiclesorhisconstantbullyingofhiscritics letalonethefirm’sallegedparticipationinbid-rigging--untilMr Spitzerthreatenedacriminalprosecutionthatmighthavedestroyedthe firm.Fromthepassagewegettoknowthat______.
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