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请根据提示写一份通知：（5分） 1．高二（5）班在本周五晚上要开个英语晚会； 2．晚饭后6：30在教室集合，晚会7：00开始； 3．每个同学都要表演一个节目，内容不限； 4．欢迎老师和全班同学参加；...
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CItlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.SixmenneatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.ButinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreportstheyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditateconsultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraderscalled“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributethemagicpowersofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevelwemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholdontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopenitiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedureshelostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturnaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHadisiko’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan--the“searchfortheinnerself.”OneofhismanagersYusufSoemadowhostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversitycomparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtotheWesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cyberneticsCarnegie’sthinkandgrowthratesorthepowerofpositivethinkingareWesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”hesaid. WhatisthemostimportantfactorinIndonesians’doingbusiness
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto1intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers2hitthekeyboardI3tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine4throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining5theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself6endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas7Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota8inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody9Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy10Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday11.Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI12howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe13Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear14--youdidn’t15toenjoymomentsofpeace.16meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore17todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re18astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe19withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon20wecaninhabitwithothers 第17空应选择
AThelawsaysthatwomenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsasmenandearnthesameasthem.Therealityisverydifferent.Womenlosebecause25yearsaftertheEqualPayActmanyofthemstillgetpaidlessthanmen.Theylosebecausetheydolower-paidjobswhichmenjustwon’tconsider.Andtheylosebecausetheyaretheoneswhointerruptacareertohavechildren.AllthisisreportedinanindependentstudyorderedbytheGovernment’sWomen’sUnite.Thebiggestproblemisn’tequalpayinworkplacessuchasfactories.Itisasortofworkwomendo.Makealistofthelow-paidjobsthenconsiderwhodoesthem.Trynursessecretariescleanersclerksteachersinprimaryschoolsdinnerladiesandchildcarehelpers.NotalotofmenamongthatgrouparethereYetsomeofthosejobsarereallyimportant.Surelynoonewoulddenythataboutnursesandteachersforastart.SowhydowerewardthepeoplewhodothemsopoorlyTherecanbeonlyoneanswer--becausetheyarewomen.Thisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernight.ButtheGovernmentwhichemploysalotofthemandotherbosseshavetomakeastart.Itisdisgraceful可耻的thatwehavegoneintothe21stCenturybutstilltreatwomenassecond-classcitizens. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sidea
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear1Ibeganto lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater2Istillhadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested3.LastSundaymorningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghimMr.Smith4. Hesaidtomeonthephone“Ihearyoudoverywellinyourstudies5.Imayprovideajobforyou.”Ientered hisofficewithabeatenheart6.HowIhopedthatI7willgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhewould8takemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised9whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10 第5空应
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
A Thelawsaysthatwomenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsasmenandearnthesameasthem. Therealityisverydifferent.Womenlosebecause25yearsaftertheEqualPayActmanyofthemstillgetpaidlessthanmen. Theylosebecausetheydolower-paidjobswhichmenjustwon’tconsider.Andtheylosebecausetheyaretheoneswhointerruptacareertohavechildren. AllthisisreportedinanindependentstudyorderedbytheGovernment’sWomen’sUnite. Thebiggestproblemisn’tequalpayinworkplacessuchasfactories.Itisasortofworkwomendo. Makealistofthelow-paidjobsthenconsiderwhodoesthem. Trynursessecretariescleanersclerksteachersinprimaryschoolsdinnerladiesandchildcarehelpers.Notalotofmenamongthatgrouparethere Yetsomeofthosejobsarereallyimportant.Surelynoonewoulddenythataboutnursesandteachersforastart. SowhydowerewardthepeoplewhodothemsopoorlyTherecanbeonlyoneanswer--becausetheyarewomen. Thisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernight.ButtheGovernmentwhichemploysalotofthemandotherbosseshavetomakeastart. Itisdisgraceful可耻的thatwehavegoneintothe21stCenturybutstilltreatwomenassecond-classcitizens. Whichdoyouthinkwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear1Ibeganto lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater2Istillhadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested3.LastSundaymorningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghimMr.Smith4. Hesaidtomeonthephone“Ihearyoudoverywellinyourstudies5.Imayprovideajobforyou.”Ientered hisofficewithabeatenheart6.HowIhopedthatI7willgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhewould8takemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised9whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10 第9空应
BScienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlifeeducatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanysciencetoaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworldor--independentofanycourse--simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceiswhoscientistsareandwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inadditionreadersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbutratherpartofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontributionshoweverwearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexistonethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbiaswehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleandwhenabsolutelynecessaryalternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingidealbutitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeelasdomanyotherscientiststhatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserveweseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving. Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
AThelawsaysthatwomenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsasmenandearnthesameasthem.Therealityisverydifferent.Womenlosebecause25yearsaftertheEqualPayActmanyofthemstillgetpaidlessthanmen.Theylosebecausetheydolower-paidjobswhichmenjustwon’tconsider.Andtheylosebecausetheyaretheoneswhointerruptacareertohavechildren.AllthisisreportedinanindependentstudyorderedbytheGovernment’sWomen’sUnite.Thebiggestproblemisn’tequalpayinworkplacessuchasfactories.Itisasortofworkwomendo.Makealistofthelow-paidjobsthenconsiderwhodoesthem.Trynursessecretariescleanersclerksteachersinprimaryschoolsdinnerladiesandchildcarehelpers.NotalotofmenamongthatgrouparethereYetsomeofthosejobsarereallyimportant.Surelynoonewoulddenythataboutnursesandteachersforastart.SowhydowerewardthepeoplewhodothemsopoorlyTherecanbeonlyoneanswer--becausetheyarewomen.Thisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernight.ButtheGovernmentwhichemploysalotofthemandotherbosseshavetomakeastart.Itisdisgraceful可耻的thatwehavegoneintothe21stCenturybutstilltreatwomenassecond-classcitizens. Womenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsandbepaidequallyasmen.
假设你是李伟请根据你校美化校园的规划用英语给你在美国的笔友Johnson写一封短信介绍该规划短信的主要内容如下 注意1．短信的开头和结尾已为你写好不计入总词数2．词数100左右3．参考词汇雕塑一statuen．植物园一botanicalgardenn．DearJohnsonIwouldliketotellyouthatourschoolhasworkedoutanewprogram.____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________Welcometoourschoolifyouhaveanychance.YoursLiWei
CItlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.SixmenneatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.ButinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreportstheyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditateconsultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraderscalled“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributethemagicpowersofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevelwemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholdontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopenitiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedureshelostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturnaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHadisiko’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan--the“searchfortheinnerself.”OneofhismanagersYusufSoemadowhostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversitycomparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtotheWesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cyberneticsCarnegie’sthinkandgrowthratesorthepowerofpositivethinkingareWesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”hesaid. Whatdoesoperatingwithnormalbusinessproceduresreferto
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto1intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers2hitthekeyboardI3tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine4throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining5theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself6endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas7Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota8inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody9Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy10Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday11.Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI12howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe13Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear14--youdidn’t15toenjoymomentsofpeace.16meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore17todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re18astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe19withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon20wecaninhabitwithothers 第19空应选择
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear1Ibeganto lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater2Istillhadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested3.LastSundaymorningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghimMr.Smith4. Hesaidtomeonthephone“Ihearyoudoverywellinyourstudies5.Imayprovideajobforyou.”Ientered hisofficewithabeatenheart6.HowIhopedthatI7willgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhewould8takemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised9whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10 第7空应
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear1Ibeganto lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater2Istillhadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested3.LastSundaymorningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghimMr.Smith4. Hesaidtomeonthephone“Ihearyoudoverywellinyourstudies5.Imayprovideajobforyou.”Ientered hisofficewithabeatenheart6.HowIhopedthatI7willgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhewould8takemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised9whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10 第1空应
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear1Ibeganto lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater2Istillhadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested3.LastSundaymorningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghimMr.Smith4. Hesaidtomeonthephone“Ihearyoudoverywellinyourstudies5.Imayprovideajobforyou.”Ientered hisofficewithabeatenheart6.HowIhopedthatI7willgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhewould8takemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised9whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10 第3空应
DEducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPhDs.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswashoweverlargelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropoutswhilenotcompletingthePhDrequirementwentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinanciallybutaccordingtothereportarenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.DiscussingthestudylastweekDr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPhDprogramswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePhDlevelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePhD.”“Theresultsofourresearch”Dr.Tuckerconcluded“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecisionbutthosewhomentionedtheacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexaminationuncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPhDprogramlackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoingachartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePhD’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD’sshoneinthe$7500to$15000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.ThismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfieldswherethePhD’stendtorisetothehighestsalariesarestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampustheoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtothegraduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob. Researchhasshownthat
DEducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPhDs.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswashoweverlargelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropoutswhilenotcompletingthePhDrequirementwentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinanciallybutaccordingtothereportarenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.DiscussingthestudylastweekDr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPhDprogramswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePhDlevelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePhD.”“Theresultsofourresearch”Dr.Tuckerconcluded“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecisionbutthosewhomentionedtheacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexaminationuncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPhDprogramlackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoingachartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePhD’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD’sshoneinthe$7500to$15000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.ThismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfieldswherethePhD’stendtorisetothehighestsalariesarestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampustheoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtothegraduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob. Afterreadingthearticleonewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
CItlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.SixmenneatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.ButinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreportstheyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditateconsultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraderscalled“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributethemagicpowersofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevelwemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholdontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopenitiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedureshelostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturnaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHadisiko’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan--the“searchfortheinnerself.”OneofhismanagersYusufSoemadowhostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversitycomparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtotheWesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cyberneticsCarnegie’sthinkandgrowthratesorthepowerofpositivethinkingareWesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”hesaid. WhydidHadisikohastentoaddhiscompanies.alsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto1intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers2hitthekeyboardI3tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine4throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining5theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself6endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas7Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota8inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody9Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy10Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday11.Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI12howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe13Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear14--youdidn’t15toenjoymomentsofpeace.16meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore17todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re18astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe19withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon20wecaninhabitwithothers 第13空应选择
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto1intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers2hitthekeyboardI3tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine4throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining5theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself6endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas7Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota8inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody9Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy10Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday11.Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI12howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe13Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear14--youdidn’t15toenjoymomentsofpeace.16meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore17todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re18astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe19withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon20wecaninhabitwithothers 第15空应选择
BScienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlifeeducatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanysciencetoaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworldor--independentofanycourse--simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceiswhoscientistsareandwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inadditionreadersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbutratherpartofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontributionshoweverwearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexistonethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbiaswehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleandwhenabsolutelynecessaryalternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingidealbutitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeelasdomanyotherscientiststhatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserveweseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving. Accordingtothispassage.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment. Current11oftheinnatenesstheoryaremixed;howeverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed. 16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
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